Systemic fungicide for indoor plants. Biological fungicides for plants: the best preparations

Fungicides for plants, what are they, what is it? The last decades were marked by an unprecedented growth of viral, bacterial, fungal diseases of all plants. With fungal diseases (late blight, gray rot, other types of rot, powdery mildew, peronosporosis, fusarium, klusterosporosis, root rot, various leaf spots, etc.), with proper use, fungicides successfully cope - contact, systemic. Bacterial, viral diseases are practically untreatable, no matter what actions gardeners take. All fungicides are divided into preparations of contact and systemic action.

contact fungicides

Contact preparations - such as cineb, polycarbocin, copper oxychloride, sulfur, mancozeb, others - are not able to treat already diseased plants, but they reliably protect them from infection. Plants do not develop resistance to them - this is their main advantage. But the term of their protective action does not exceed 10-12 days before the first heavy rain, after which the treatment is repeated.

The multiplicity of treatments for contact fungicides is the largest: from 3 to 6 treatments per season. These drugs almost do not penetrate into the plant, they protect only those places where they are located directly. Therefore, when working with contact fungicides, try to carefully spray not only the upper surface of the leaves, but also the underside of them. Many types of fungi begin to germinate from the underside of the leaves.

Systemic fungicides

Systematicity in plant protection refers to the ability of the active substance to be redistributed from the place of application to other parts of the plant, not only on the surface, but also inside. These drugs protect plants from fungi not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Systemic fungicides are able to have a curative effect, but in the early stages of infection.

Already after 2-6 hours from the moment of treatment, any precipitation (or irrigation) is not able to reduce the effectiveness of such drugs. And the period of protective action remains with them for 2-3 weeks.

However, pathogenic fungi develop resistance to systemic fungicides very quickly. To slow down this process, international crop protection experts recommend using them no more than twice per season on the same crop. And if additional treatments are required, then you need to use drugs or contact action, or a systemic fungicide, but of a completely different chemical group.

Chemical groups of systemic plant protection products (analogues are given in brackets)

1. Azoles (triazoles) - Vectra (Granite), Skor (Bogard, Dividend), Topaz, Tilt (Bumper), Folicur, Alto, Bytan, Bayleton, Sportak, Impact.
2. Strobirulins - But, Strobi, Amistar.
3. Benzimidazoles - Fundazol (Benomyl), Derozal (Colfugo-Super), Tekto (Titusim),
4. Phenylamides - Apron.
5. Anilidopyrimidines - Chorus.
6. Pyrimidinylcarbinols - Rubigan.
7. Dithianols - Delan.
8. Phosphonates - Alyett (Alufit).
9. Phthalamides - Merpan, Folpan.

Like insects, fungal resistance on plants is developed immediately to all fungicides of the same chemical group.

The best options for plant protection are:

• alternation of contact and systemic fungicides;
• alternation of 2-3 systemic drugs, but from different chemical groups.

For many years, mixed fungicides have been produced, consisting of 2-3 active ingredients, and they:

• both contact and systemic action (Kurzat R. Odram, Acrobat MC, Ridomil Gold MC, Sandofan M8, Tattu, Oxyhom, Pilon, Artemi S, Poliram DF, Arceride, Avixil, others). They are used as contact preparations up to 4 times per season with the concentration of the working solution usually not lower than 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per 10 l of water). Please note that a lower concentration of solutions leads to poor results. So this is just the case when “you can’t spoil porridge with oil” ... Prepare solutions of fungicides of this group, adhering to the recommendations of the instructions, but it’s better to even make them more concentrated than it is written.
• only systemic action, may belong to the same chemical group or to completely different ones. This is done only in order to expand the spectrum of action on harmful fungi. Such fungicides include Mikal, Archer, Ryder, Alto-Super, Falcon, Thanos, and others. They are used no more than twice per season.

Basic rules for using drugs

• Spray only in cloudy calm weather, as well as early in the morning - at dawn or in the evening - at sunset. Precipitation falling within 4-6 hours after treatment reduces the effectiveness of many fungicides.
• Be sure to use rubber gloves, because. all plant protection products penetrate the skin quite well and are then absorbed into the blood. It is enough to put on a light respirator or bandage on the face.
• Try to spray the plants themselves with fungicides, not the soil. A high-quality pneumatic sprayer will help save money, time, and save your health. Therefore, do not save on the purchase of a sprayer.
• It is forbidden to treat crops with systemic fungicides that use green stems or leaves as food, as well as radish, radish, daikon, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, cherries, cherries. The last four can only be processed before flowering. Since all these cultures absorb toxic compounds very well, and do not have time to get rid of them until they are eaten, even if the waiting periods are observed.
• The working solution is prepared immediately before use, can be stored for no more than a day.
• Do not allow any fungicides to enter water bodies, as this leads to the death of all living things in them. Poisons are destroyed faster in the surface layer of the earth, which is not intended for use for vegetable gardens, hayfields, pastures, and playgrounds. The sun, soil microorganisms are the main destroyers, neutralizers of any toxic compounds.
• Store fungicides in a dry, dark, preferably frost-free area away from food. All packages must be sealed, as air moisture changes the physical properties of drugs. The shelf life of biological products is 1-2.5 years, chemical products - 10 years or more, regardless of the expiration date indicated on the container label.

All chemical plant protection products are called pesticides. This group includes drugs of various actions:

• Insecticides - drugs for pest control of indoor plants. Insecticides are not effective against diseases.
• Acaricides - means of combating herbivorous mites.
• Fungicides - means of combating fungal diseases and fungi.
• Bactericides are means of combating bacterial diseases.
• Nematicides are means of combating nematodes.

Application of fungicides

Agat-25K is a biological preparation for protecting plants from diseases and increasing productivity. Increases seed germination, enhances the development of the root system. It is intended for horticultural crops, but is successfully used for indoor plants as a prophylactic and light fertilizer. The active substance is inactivated Pseudomonas aureofaciens bacteria, biologically active substances of plant and microbial origin, macro- and microelements. Produced in the form of a flowing paste in bottles of 10g. 1 measuring spoon of the drug is diluted in 3 liters of water until completely dissolved, then the plants are sprayed three to four times with an interval of 20 days.

Alirin-B is a biological drug against diseases of indoor and garden plants. Contains Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Effective against powdery mildew, downy mildew (mildew), gray and white rot, late blight, anthracnose, septoria, Alternaria, cladosporiosis, root and stem rot, rust fungi. Consumption rate of the drug: 2 tablets per 10 liters of water when watering plants, and 2 tablets per 1 liter of water when spraying. Re-treatment after 5-7 days, up to 3 treatments in total.

Bactofit is a biological preparation for protecting plants from diseases, helps protect plants from powdery mildew: especially carnations, roses, delphinium, fruit and berry bushes - gooseberries and currants, when it is not possible to use chemicals. The drug is especially effective in cool weather during regular rainfall, but spraying and watering should be done a day before rain, in extreme cases, 6 hours before rain, and repeat after 4-5 days. The drug can be used for pre-planting cuttings, seeds and tubers for storage.

Bona Forte Bona Forte fungicide- from fungal diseases for all indoor plants. Effective against pathogens of powdery mildew, rust and other fungal diseases. Description of the drug

Bravo is a broad-spectrum contact fungicide with pronounced protective properties, effective for prophylactic use against many fungal diseases of potatoes, wheat, and vegetable crops. Active ingredient: chlorothalonil, 500 g/l. Highly effective against late blight and peronosporosis (downy mildew). Effective over a wide temperature range. The duration of the protective action is 10-14 days. The drug is compatible in mixtures with most fungicides and insecticides and could be used for indoor plants if it were not for the packaging - it is sold in 5 liter cans. The consumption rate is 0.6 l / ha, 2-3 sprayings are used with an interval of up to 10 days. Hazard class II.

Vitaros - a drug for dressing bulbs and seeds from diseases (rot). Contains water-suspension concentrate 98g/l of thiram and 198g/l of carboxine. Sold in ampoules of 2 ml and bottles of 10, 50 and 100 ml. Effective against helminthosporiasis, fusarium, penicillosis, rhizoctoniosis and other diseases. The consumption rate of the drug is 2 ml per 1 liter of water. Soaking time of bulbs and seeds - 2 hours. The flow rate of the working fluid is 1 liter per 1 kg of planting material.

Vectra is a fungicide. Contains bromuconazole. Used against powdery mildew, septoria, gray rot. Diluted 0.2 - 0.3 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. The effect of the drug lasts for about two weeks.

Gamair is a biological drug against diseases of indoor and garden plants. Contains Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Effective against bacterial leaf spots, late blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray rot, white rot, clubroot, fusarium. Consumption of the drug - 1 tablet per 5 liters of water, when watering, and 2 tablets per 1 liter of water when spraying. Processing is repeated every 7 days, three times.

Quadris SK is a systemic fungicide from the group of strobilurins for the protection of vegetable crops in open and protected ground (tomatoes, cucumbers), as well as vines and major diseases such as true and downy mildew, late blight, mildew oidium, anthracnose, alternariosis, brown spot. Active ingredient: Azoxystrobin 250 g/l. The fungicide has a preventive and curative effect. It is also used on indoor plants, but with extreme caution - hazard class II! Produced in the form of a 6 ml package (foil bag), 1 liter bottle. The duration of the protective action is 12-14 days. The waiting time for the result after processing is 5 days. Consumption rate: for treatment, dilute a 6 ml package in 5 liters of water (preventive treatment - 6 ml / 10 liters of water), this amount is enough to process 1 hundred square meters of green mass. For use on indoor plants, you can use a medical syringe - draw 0.6 ml and dilute in 0.5 liters of warm water for spraying.

Maxim is a systemic fungicide for plant protection against diseases and soil disinfection. Especially effective against fusarium, gray mold, root rot, verticillium wilt, mold, etc. Produced in ampoules of 2 ml. To prepare a working solution, 1 ampoule (2 ml) is diluted with 1-2 liters of water. Under the plant 50-100 ml of the prepared solution. Water the soil evenly or spray. This drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class III). Not phytotoxic. The working solution loses its properties after 24 hours.

Copper sulphate - fungicide and antiseptic for household needs, garden, vegetable garden. It is used to treat fungal and bacterial infections on indoor and garden plants in various concentrations - see.

Mikosan is a biological product against diseases of indoor and garden plants. The action is based on increasing the resistance of plants to fungal pathogens. More precisely, stimulation of the production of lectins in plant tissues is a substance that disrupts the growth of fungi and bacteria. That. the drug does not kill the pathogen, but allows the plant to fight them more effectively. The drug should be used at the initial stage, with the appearance of several suspicious spots on the leaves, but if the plant is severely affected, wilting and mass leaf flying around have begun, mikosan will not help. The consumption rate of the drug is 100 ml per 2 liters of water.

Oksihom - contains copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. Contact-systemic fungicide for the prevention and control of diseases of garden and indoor plant crops. Effective against late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot, septoria, powdery and downy mildew. The drug is not phytotoxic. Available as a powder in sachets of 4 g. Diluted 1 sachet (4 g) per 2 liters of water. Plants are sprayed as needed up to three times with an interval of 10-14 days. The drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class III).

Ordan is a drug against diseases of fruit crops. Contains 689 g/kg copper oxychloride and 42 g/kg cymoxanil, in the form of a wetting powder. Produced in bags of 25g. Effective against late blight, Alternaria, peronosporosis, powdery mildew. Sprayed twice with an interval of 7-14 days, at the rate of 25 g per 5 l of water (from peronosporosis at the rate of 25 g per 10 l of water).

Trichodermin is a biological plant protection agent against fungal and bacterial diseases. Trichodermin consists of spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum (at least 2 billion spores per 1 g) and crushed grain substrate. Trichodermin is able to suppress more than 60 types of soil pathogens that cause diseases such as root and fruit rot, seed infections, macrosporiosis, fusarium, rhizoctoniosis, late blight, etc. Trichodermin improves soil fertility, stimulates root nutrition of plants, and increases seed germination. The drug is available as a powder in packages of 10 g. Trichodermin is used in the form of an aqueous solution. To soak the seeds, a suspension of 10 g of trichodermin per 1 liter of water is prepared, in which the seeds are kept. For watering plants, trichodermin is also diluted at 10 g / l, watered under the root, but no more than during normal watering. For spraying, dilute 10 g per 5 liters of water. It is possible to apply a preparation for prophylaxis during plant transplantation - at the tip of a knife on a pot about 25 cm in diameter. Tirchodermin can be added to water to root cuttings, especially those prone to rotting, such as Saintpaulia. The prepared aqueous solution of trichodermin can be stored in the refrigerator at 5°C for no more than 1 month, but before use, allow the solution to warm up to room temperature.

Hom - a drug to combat diseases of vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. The active substance is copper oxychloride. Effective against late blight, macrosporiosis, cercosporosis, pernosporosis, anthracoasis, bacteriosis, rust, bacterial blotch, curl, downy mildew (mildew). Consumption rate - 40g per 10 liters of water. The number of repeated treatments - for indoor 2-3, for horticultural crops up to 5. Toxicity class III.

• Houseplant pest control products (insecticides)

Safety precautions when working with fungicides

During the treatment with fungicides, you can not use food utensils, smoke, drink and eat. The treatment is carried out in the absence of children, animals, and if there is an aquarium nearby, then it is tightly closed and opened only when the treated plants are dry. In case of mass disease damage, all contacting surfaces (window glass, frames, window sills, tiles, etc.) can be treated if possible.

For those who suffer from allergies or skin eczema, the treatment is best done with gloves and a gauze bandage. Do not forget to look at the hazard class of the drug used. After finishing work, hands, face and all equipment used should also be washed with soap and water. Store fungicides in a dry place, out of the reach of children and animals, keep away from fire.

In case of accidental ingestion of the fungicide into the human body, drink several glasses of water, induce vomiting and immediately consult a doctor.

Fungicides for plants are drugs that are often used for soil treatment to cure flowers or other crops from various fungal diseases. They are also used for prevention.

The word "fungicide" is translated from Latin as "the one that kills the fungus." Such drugs inhibit the development of fungi. The latter are considered the causative agents of various diseases, including powdery mildew, which affects green spaces.

Main types

There are several classifications for fungicides. Depending on their chemical properties, the following are distinguished:

1. 1. Inorganic. Usually contain copper, sulfur, manganese, mercury and other substances. You can not combine them with many drugs of other groups.
2. 2. Organic. Gradually decompose. Heavy metals are not included. This is their main advantage. It is very easy to prepare the solution - you need to dissolve the product in a small amount of water. Such preparations can be combined with various pesticides. They are unstable, so they will remain in the soil from several days to several weeks, after which they are destroyed.

There is another classification of fungicides - according to their effect on pathogens of fungal diseases:

1. 1. Preventive. Also called protective. They are used to prevent the development of fungal diseases.
2. 2. Medical. Also known as eradicators. Destroy the fungus that infects the plants.

Depending on the purpose of use, fungicides are divided into those that serve for:

• tillage;
• seed treatment;
• processing plants during dormancy;
• processing crops during the growing season;
• spraying rooms where vegetables and grains are located.

More convenient is another group - universal fungicides. Such compounds are used for various purposes, they are suitable for both indoor plants and various garden crops, trees and other things.

Depending on how the components are distributed in plant tissues, fungicides are isolated:

1. 1. Contact. They are also called local. Substances remain on the surface of the plant and provoke the death of fungal cultures in contact with them. The effectiveness of the treatment depends on several factors: the duration of exposure, the amount of solution used, chemical resistance, weather, and others.
2. 2. Systemic. They spread within the vascular system of the plant and suppress the pathogen. The effectiveness of drugs depends on the rate of penetration of substances into tissues and their distribution over parts of the plant. Weather conditions have almost no effect.

Some contact preparations also have a deep effect: they will penetrate into the inner layers of the seeds.

There is another classification of drugs:

1. 1. Chemical. Their main active components are chemical compounds.
2. 2. Biological. The main active ingredients are beneficial bacteria that provoke the death of fungal cultures. Their advantage is that they have a low toxicity index. As a result, they are becoming more and more popular.

How to apply

Drugs that have a fungicidal effect are used in different ways:

1. 1. Etching. Before sowing, seeds and tubers must be processed. It can be either a liquid solution or a dry powder.
2. 2. Spraying or dusting. Ground parts of plants are treated with a spray gun. It is better to carry out the procedure several times a season - in spring and autumn. Storages and greenhouses are also treated in this way.
3. 3. Introduction into the ground. For protection, fungicides are applied to the soil in powder form during digging. They can be dissolved in water and watered with them on the ground. Thanks to this, all fungi will be destroyed.

It is important to properly dilute the product. Be sure to follow the instructions in the instructions that are for each product, always follow the proportions.

You need to prepare a container. It can be a bucket or a tank. Part of the liquid is supposed to warm up. Then pour or pour the substance into water and mix thoroughly. Then add the rest of the water and mix again. Always use only fresh product to fight fungi. After a few hours, the activity of the solution decreases, especially if the fungicide belongs to the biological group.

To prevent fungicides from harming a person, a number of rules must be observed:

1. 1. Wear old clothes in which the body will be completely covered.
2. 2. Wear a respirator or mask on your face.
3. 3. Put on special goggles for your eyes.
4. 4. After processing the plant, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water (it is better to use household soap).
5. 5. Clothing that was worn during the processing of plants is not recommended to be worn in the future. It should be washed, ironed and put away in a separate place until the next procedure.

All these measures will prevent poisoning of the body.

Popular drugs

The list of fungicides is very large:

1. 1. Bordeaux liquid. It is considered effective, cheap and affordable. Saves plantings not only from fungal, but also from bacterial diseases. To prepare the product, you need to extinguish 300 g of lime with water and then add another 3 liters of hot water.
2. 2. Baktofit. It is used for ornamental, fruit and berry and other crops. Baktofit is used in cases where it is impossible to carry out treatment with chemicals. It is better to carry out the procedure in cloudy weather. Repeat it after 5 days. Before planting, seeds and cuttings should also be treated with this composition.
3. 3. Strobe. It is suitable for both coniferous and deciduous crops. It is a broad spectrum fungicide. The active ingredient is xerozyme-methyl. The drug is sold in the form of water-dispersible granules. The cost of a bottle of 200 g is about 3000 rubles.
4. 4. Topaz. Suitable for domestic and other cultures. It is a systemic protective agent. Sold in the form of an emulsion with a high concentration. The active ingredient is penconazole. It is necessary to reapply the remedy only two weeks after the first treatment. It is allowed to combine with other contact type fungicides. The cost of 10 ml of the substance is 150 rubles.
5. 5. Horus. It can be used to spray tomatoes and other crops. The active ingredient is cyprodinil. The advantage is the resistance of the preparation to washing off, so that even in wet weather it remains on the surface of the plant. The last treatment is recommended 2-4 weeks before harvest. It is allowed to combine Horus with Skor and Topaz. The cost is 9000-12000 rubles.
6. 6. Quadris. The product is of low toxicity. Belongs to a new generation of fungicides, so it fights various types of fungi on all types of plants. It has both curative and preventive properties. The action is long - about two weeks after treatment. Contains azoxystrobin. The cost of the drug is 3000-4000 rubles per liter.
7. 7. Falcon. Also suitable for processing roses, cereals, grapes, beets and other plants. The active ingredients are spiroxamine, triadimenol and tebuconazole. Thanks to this, the action is combined. Even if the fungus has developed resistance to one of the components, the action of others is not canceled. It will take 1-4 treatments. The solution costs about 2000 rubles per 1 liter.
8. 8. Speed It has a wide spectrum of activity. The main active ingredient is difenoconazole. A feature is compatibility with pesticides. It is used not only for processing the plant, but also for soaking the seeds. The effect is noticeable within a few hours after the procedure. It costs about 9500 rubles per liter.

Other fungicidal preparations

One of the popular fungicides is Maxim. It has a contact effect. It is used only against fungi of the category Ascomycetes. The active substance is fludioxonil. Belongs to a new class - phenylpirolles. Properties resemble the action of natural antifungal agents. The cost of the drug is 1700 rubles per liter.

Thanos is a suitable fungicide if potatoes need to be treated. The active ingredient is cymoxanil, which has a local-systemic effect. The composition contains famoxadone with contact action. The drug can be purchased in the form of water-dispersible type granules. The cost is 2500 rubles for 400 g. It is allowed to carry out no more than 4 procedures per season.

Trichodermin is a fungicidal preparation of a biological type. Suitable for processing the root system. In the people, the remedy is called a soil healer. Seeds can still be kept in solution. The composition includes spores of a soil fungus, which, when penetrating into the soil, destroy more than 60 varieties of pathogens that can provoke root rot. The product is sold in powder form, 10 g per pack. Store the drug at a temperature not exceeding 5 degrees. Is not toxic.

Trichophyte is also a biological fungicide that is used to combat root and gray rot. Sold as a suspension. It is necessary to dissolve 25 g of the product in 1 liter of water. The liquid must not be hot. Suitable for watering and spraying. It is a slightly toxic substance.

You can use a combination tool such as Switch. Contains two main components - fludioxonil and cyprodinide. It has both systemic and contact action. It is a protective pesticide and at the same time a curing fungicide. Sold in the form of granules.

The following drugs are also popular:

1. 1. Convertible. Sold in the form of granules. Has a contact effect. The main components are pyraclostrobin and metiram.
2. 2. Agate. It is a biological type fungicide. Not only protects against diseases, but also increases productivity. The composition includes bacteria and biologically active substances of plant origin. Sold in the form of a paste.
3. 3. Abiga peak. Contact type fungicide. Contains copper chloride.
4. 4. Alirin. It is considered a biological drug. For 10 liters of water you need only a few tablets. The solution is suitable for irrigation. If you need to spray the plants, it is better to dissolve the same amount of the drug in 1 liter of water.

Conclusion

Fungicides are actively used to eliminate fungal diseases. Their effect is different. Some are suitable only for prevention, while others are suitable for plant treatment.

There are many groups of drugs according to various criteria. The range of fungicides is very wide, so you can always choose the right option. Both the soil and all parts of plants (including cuttings and seeds) are treated with solutions and powders.

In the process of caring for the garden, it is often necessary to apply fungicides. We are talking about special chemicals that are used to combat pathogens that cause the development of fungal diseases, for example, gray rot, powdery mildew, etc.

Depending on the method of action on pathogenic fungi, several types of fungicides are distinguished: contact and systemic action.

Actions of contact fungicides

When using these drugs, their penetration into plants is excluded. They cover the outer part of the plant; if there is a fungus on the surface of the reproductive and vegetative organs, they are suppressed. All drugs act for a different period, which is determined by the duration of the solution on the surface of the plant. The best results can be achieved if processing at least 3-5 times at intervals of 10-12 days.

A feature of contact fungicides is the local nature of the impact. They are not used to treat diseased plants, they are designed to suppress pathogens located on the surface or directly in plant tissues. Due to the fact that these fungicides are unable to spread to other parts of the plant, such treatment before the formation of fruits excludes penetration into them.

Systemic preparations act somewhat differently: as a result of processing, they penetrate into the internal organs of the plant, spread through the tissues, making changes to the physiological and biochemical processes occurring in the plant organs. As time goes on they decomposition within plants, which ends with the formation of metabolites. In this state, they begin to have a depressing effect on the harmful fungus.

It is believed that the decomposition products that form inside the plants are more harmful than the drug itself. In order to avoid possible complications, it is best to carry out processing in gardens and private households with the help of chemical preparations of precisely contact action. At the same time, the deadline for their use is the period when one month remains before the harvest.

Types of fungicides and methods of their application

In gardening stores, fungicides are available in various forms: in the form powder, suspension, emulsion, highly soluble in water.

Depending on the composition, the following types of fungicidal preparations are distinguished:

• Inorganic. Within this group, preparations of 1-4 hazard classes for humans and warm-blooded creatures are distinguished;
• Organic. The main component in them are active microorganisms that inhibit pathogenic fungi.

More preferred to use in suburban areas biofungicides, because in addition to high efficiency, they cause minimal harm to plants.

Chemical fungicides

Often, for effective pest control, gardeners buy new drugs, especially if they provide high efficiency with a small dose of application. However, doing so is wrong. You can count on good results only if you use proven drugs. Within the group of chemical fungicides that have proven their effectiveness when used for protection during the growing season of various horticultural crops, the following can be distinguished:

• Bordeaux liquid;
• copper sulfate;
• abiga-peak, sun;
• oxychome;
• cineb;
• thiram;
• potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
• soda ash using an adhesive (green soap).

Biological fungicides

In recent years, many biological contact fungicides have appeared on the market. In their manufacture, a slightly different approach is used than in the case of chemical preparations. The main component of biofungicides are active bacteria, whose activity has a depressing effect on pathogens of fungal diseases.

It is more preferable to use biofungicides of contact action, since they do not cause or cause minimal harm to humans, warm-blooded animals, fish and bees. Consumers who are going to use biofungicides at home should pay attention to the following types of preparations:

It is possible to carry out treatment with chemical contact fungicides only before flowering and after harvest. The advantage of biofungicides is that they can be applied throughout the growing season. At the same time, there are also such preparations on sale that can be used at the stage of crop ripening. It should be borne in mind that contact drugs are effective for prevention purposes. If the drug reaches the causative agent of the disease, then this leads to its death. If the plants are already affected by the disease, then they cannot be saved with the help of these drugs.

Rules for working with contact fungicides

Before using a fungicide, you need to take care of your own safety: for this you need prepare closed clothes, rubber gloves and goggles and a headdress. After processing, the clothes are sent to the laundry, and the hands and face must be thoroughly washed with soap and water.

It is necessary to carry out the treatment of plants with a pre-prepared solution. The exception is situations where the instructions require the use of a fresh composition.

In the process of preparing a solution for treating plants, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations specified in the instructions, maintaining the optimal consumption rate, taking into account the phase of plant development.

You can use fungicides in the most favorable conditions for this: in the early morning or evening, provided that it is worth dry windless weather.

For the sprayer, it is necessary to select the operating mode for fine spraying. The cloud of solution emerging from it should pour onto the plants from below and from above.

It is forbidden to use chemical fungicides in relation to those plants, the green parts of the above-ground mass of which are planned to be used. For safety reasons, processing of all crops should be carried out before the flowering and fruiting phase.

It is impossible to clean the dishes in which the solution was prepared in reservoirs. Disposal of used pesticides should be carried out only in specially designated areas.

The place where fungicides and other preparations with a chemical composition are supposed to be stored should have limited access. Drugs must be placed in sealed packaging.

If the investigator follows the rules for the use of fungicides listed above, then you can not only prevent the appearance of dangerous pests on the site, but also not harm yourself and the environment.

List of fungicides

Due to the high toxicity of most fungicides on the market today, there must be a good reason for the gardener to use them at home. Before using drugs, it is mandatory to familiarize yourself with the safety regulations for the use of toxic substances.

Oksikh. A drug containing from copper oxychloride and oxadixyl. Belongs to the number of contact systemic fungicides, used for preventive purposes and to suppress diseases of garden and indoor plant crops. Recommended for use in the fight against late blight, macrosporiosis, black bacterial spot, septoria, etc. Non-toxicity makes this drug safe to use.

Preparation of working solution

Processing of plants is carried out only with a freshly prepared solution. First, one third of the volume of water must be poured into the sprayer tank, then start the mixing device and pour the required amount of the drug. After that, the remaining part of the necessary water is poured, the solution mixes well, after which the infected plants are treated with it.

A prerequisite is the purity of the water used to prepare the solution.

The recommended consumption rate is one packet per 2 liters of water. In some cases, it may be necessary to carry out three treatments, but between them it is necessary to withstand a break of 10-14 days. Plants can only be treated with a freshly prepared solution based on the drug oxychom. It can be used as a component for the preparation of complex mixtures.

Advantages of the drug:

• operates according to the system-contact principle;
• the effect after treatment lasts for two weeks;
• lack of toxicity, provided that the treatment is carried out in compliance with the recommended doses;
• economy of consumption when used for preventive purposes.

Trichodermin. Included in the group of biological preparations designed to combat fungal and bacterial diseases. The main active component is the spores of the soil fungus Trichoderma lignorum and crushed grain substrate. The drug effectively fights more than 60 types of soil pathogens that cause the development of many well-known diseases: root and fruit rot, seed infections, macrosporiosis, fusarium, etc.

The positive effect of the drug is to improve soil fertility, provide plant roots with additional nutrients, increase seed germination.

Application method:

Conclusion

The problem of protecting plants from diseases is relevant for every gardener. In order to cope with them faster and without consequences, many chemicals are used for this. Fungicides are among the most popular, which demonstrate high efficiency. However, when choosing them, it is necessary to proceed from the position in order to cause minimal harm to the plant. Therefore, preference should be given to those that have the least toxicity. When choosing fungicidal preparations, it is necessary to focus on their recommendations for use. This will help to avoid undesirable consequences after processing.

Most gardeners throughout their practice have repeatedly encountered fungicides, and in this article we will reveal the focus of these funds, as well as their various classifications in more detail. The term fungicide consists of two Latin words, one of which is translated as a mushroom, and the second is a verb in the present tense "I kill." From this it is easy to conclude that horticultural fungicides are used to combat (or prevent) all kinds of fungal diseases. There are a great many different fungicides designed for soil, seeds, plants themselves, and so on. Today we will talk about how to choose and apply fungicides for plants correctly.

At the moment, there are a large number of classifications of fungicides based on the active substance, chemical properties and the nature of their action. Of course, within the framework of one article, we will not be able to outline the entire range of drugs and their features, so we will focus on the main and most significant points.

Active substance

Depending on the dominant active substance, modern fungicides are divided into several main groups.

Copper preparations

Fungicides containing copper in their composition include such famous and commonly available products as Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate. This group also includes Kurzat, Oxyhom and Ordan. Such products have a universal status and can be used both for soil cultivation and for processing plants, whether it is a greenhouse, pot or open ground. Most copper preparations are fungicides of contact action.

Sulfur preparations

Sulfur-containing fungicides have proven effective on tree bark and berry bushes. However, in reality, the scope of such funds is much wider - they can be used to successfully fumigate storage areas for fruits and planting material, thereby preventing the growth of fungi that claim to be on cellar walls.

Sulfur preparations include:

• cumulus;
• thiovit jet;
• sulfur garden.

Strobilurins

These fungicides are a relatively recent invention based on naturally occurring toxins derived from a microorganism called Strobilurus tenacellus. Strobilurins are "practiced" mainly on pome crops, such as apple or pear. They also process fruits during long-term storage.

The group of strobilurins includes:

• Acrobat MC;
• Tattu;
• Profile Gold;
• Amistar.

Carboxins

This group includes fungicides that have in their composition the active compound carboxin, which disrupts the vital processes of fungi and leads to their rapid death. Carboxins are used to treat mainly mature plants. The specificity of the action of carboxins does not allow their use on young plants, since they can inhibit their development.

Carboxins include such well-known drugs as:

• Vitaros;
• Previkur.

Benzimidazoles

Fungicides of the benzimidazole group were among the first to be used as truly universal agents that effectively work with different groups of plants and fungi. Benzimidazoles act on fungi at the cellular level, disrupting metabolic processes in the cell and thereby quickly stopping the further spread of the fungus. These drugs are used in three main areas:

• dressing seeds before planting;
• fruit processing before storage;
• protection of fruit bushes.

There are three main types of benzimidazoles on the market:

• Benorade;
• Fundazim.

Mode of action

Fungicides can be divided into three broad groups according to their mode of action:

• contact;
• systemic;
• combined.

Contact

Contact fungicides have a superficial effect without being absorbed into the vascular system of plants. Such funds must be renewed after each rainfall, since as they are washed away, there is no trace of the former effect. This, however, does not lead to the conclusion that they are useless. One of the main strengths of contact fungicides is the inability of fungi to develop resistance to them.

The group of contact fungicides includes such agents as:

• Bordeaux liquid;
• polycarbocin;
• sulfur garden;
• copper oxychloride.

When working with such drugs, it is important to consider the following features:

• in one season, three to six treatments are required using contact preparations, which leads to their rapid consumption;
• since the products are not able to move through the plant on their own, it is important to manually apply them so that there are no untreated and vulnerable places for fungi on the plant;
• both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaf are sprayed. Most fungi begin to multiply precisely from below, which makes them invisible to the gardener's eyes at first, and therefore more dangerous;
• contact fungicides are not able to cure an already diseased plant - they are used exclusively for preventive purposes to prevent the disease.

Systemic

Systemic fungicides have a complex effect on the plant, as they penetrate into its shoots and spread throughout the "body" with the help of the already mentioned vascular system. Unlike contact agents, systemic agents can play the role of medicines, preventing an already developing fungus. However, their sphere of influence is also not unlimited - a successful result can only be expected if the systemic remedy was used in the early stages of the development of the fungus.

The group of systemic fungicides includes a large number of fungicides, some of which we have already considered:

• Triazoles;
• Strobirulins;
• Benzimidazoles;
• Phenylamides;
• Pyrimidinylcarbinols;
• Phosphonates and so on.

When working with systemic fungicides, it is important to consider a number of their nuances:

• systemic remedies retain their effectiveness for 15-20 days - more frequent treatments will not lead to an improvement in the result, but can harm the plant;
• fungi quickly develop "immunity" to systemic fungicides, which leads the grower to apply all new products. To extend the validity of the same remedy, you need to use it in moderation - twice per season on a particular crop;
• when using systemic tools, you can alternate them - this will allow you to "outwit" the fungus. However, it is imperative to use a fungicide from another group, otherwise the fungus will retain its resistance.

Systemic and contact fungicides are not mutually exclusive - they can be combined with each other during the processing of plants. Moreover, many experts advise to do just that and use contact fungicides for prevention, and systemic ones for targeted control of the identified fungus.

Video - Using the systemic fungicide "Skor"

Combined

There are also drugs that inherit the properties of both groups. Such universality may seem strange - how can two drugs with a reciprocal mode of action lead to the creation of a successful "hybrid"? However, the group of fungicides that combine the strengths of contact and systemic agents is quite large and includes the following items:

• Sandofan M8;
• Kurzat R. Odram;
• Polyram DF;
• Aviksil;
• Ridomil Gold MC;
• Arcerid.

From contact agents, such fungicides borrow the point method of application and the frequency of treatment, and from systemic agents, the ability to move through the plant with the help of its vessels.

Composition

According to their composition, fungicides are divided into two large groups:

• chemical;
• biological.

If we briefly outline the difference between both types of these funds, then it lies in the degree of toxicity. Chemical fungicides pose more harm and danger to humans (which is offset by their rapid effect on the fungus). Biological effects on fungal diseases are more mild, but their action is distinguished by its short duration.

We describe in more detail about these two types of drugs and fungicides related to each type below.

Popular fungicides

Table 1. Fungicides for plants

Name	Features of use
	The drug has a wide range of applications and can be successfully combined with other fungicides. In addition to protecting against fungal diseases, it helps to increase the yield. Used for plants both in greenhouses and in open ground. Quadris is toxic to some apple varieties.
	A drug that combines the functions of systemic and contact fungicides. Not recommended for mixing with other drugs. Effectively fights late blight, macrosporiosis, and downy mildew. Used on potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers
	Universal drug. Retains its qualities for two hours after preparation. When released into the soil, it quickly decomposes without causing soil contamination.
	A systemic drug that helps plants fight the fungus in the initial stages of the development of the disease. Complimentary with all major fertilizers and growth stimulants (with the exception of products with an alkaline reaction). Used for processing plants and planting material
	A universal preparation suitable for the treatment of garden trees, as well as vegetable, fruit and ornamental crops. Hom treatment is not carried out during flowering, as well as at high air temperatures (above 30 degrees). When working with a fungicide, it is strictly forbidden to allow it to enter water bodies due to its high toxicity.
	The preparation of contact action, suitable for almost all plants. The action of vitriol persists for the next one and a half weeks, after which the tool needs to be updated. Activated two hours after application to the plant. Not used during flowering
	A drug used to prevent both fungal and bacterial diseases in the soil or in the plants themselves. Equally effective in working with house and garden plants. Hamair treatment should be carried out no more than once a week. Compatible with other fungicides, insecticides and growth promoters

Rules for the use of fungicides

When working with fungicides, it is important to know their important features. An inexperienced gardener, when using these tools, risks harming himself and the plant in the absence of the necessary knowledge. In this regard, the use of each fungicide should begin with reading the instructions.

If we talk about the general rules for the use of these drugs, they are as follows:

• treatment of plants with fungicides should be carried out only in special clothing that protects the skin from possible contact with the substance. The grower will also need gloves and (preferably) goggles to minimize the chance of burns. After processing the plants, the "uniform" used is erased;

  

• the solution is prepared immediately before its use;
• the most suitable time for processing plants is early morning or evening. Spraying in direct sunlight is undesirable. It is also undesirable to have precipitation, which, when using contact fungicides, will reduce their effectiveness to zero;
• when using a spray gun, it is necessary to set it to a fine spray. The jet itself must go from below or from above;
• when processing plants whose green mass subsequently goes into cooking, the use of chemical fungicides is strictly prohibited. Such preparations contain components that are toxic to both animals and humans;

  

• fungicide treatment of fruit plants is carried out before or after flowering. At the time of laying the fruit, spraying stops;
• it is important to choose airtight containers for storing fungicides, since poorly sealed powders will gradually poison the room in which they are located.

Application of fungicides

There are three main methods that gardeners use when treating plants or planting material with fungicides:

• pickling. This processing method applies only to planting material - seeds or corms. In most cases, the treatment involves diluting the powder in a certain amount of liquid (according to the instructions) and dipping the seeds in it for a fixed time;

  

• spraying. All contact fungicides are applied by spraying. The method of their preparation is simple - the powder is dissolved in water, poured into a spray bottle and applied to certain areas of the plant. Such processing is carried out quite often - at least twice per season: in the first days of spring and at the end of flowering in late autumn. In addition to plants, spraying is also used in cellars or other storage facilities;
• introduction into the ground. Fungicides can enter the soil both in dry and pre-dissolved form. It is advisable to bring dry powder into the ground when it is digging (in autumn or spring). The cultivation of the land with a solution does not imply attachment to the season, since it implies ordinary watering.

  

Working with plants

It is easy to assume that the use of fungicides depends not only on their specificity, but also on the specificity of the plants themselves. For example, the processing of fruit trees and tomatoes involves its own characteristics, which must be taken into account in order to obtain a positive result. In this chapter, we will talk about exactly how to apply fungicides to various horticultural and horticultural crops.

strawberries

The risk of developing fungal diseases in strawberry bushes is quite high. Often the fate of these plants is already a foregone conclusion, since it is very easy to acquire obviously infected seedlings for sale. Such practices of the spread of infected plants lead to the fact that strawberries began to be periodically subjected to such ailments as:

• rot;
• spotting;
• bacteriosis;
• powdery mildew.

It is advisable to treat strawberries from the beginning of the growing season until its very end:

• the first treatment is carried out already when the plant has green leaves;
• after the awakening of strawberries from hibernation, repeated sprayings are carried out every one and a half weeks until flowering;
• processing stops at the moment when berry setting begins. Up until harvest, any fungicide exposure to fruit is highly undesirable;
• after harvesting and until late autumn, the bushes are sprayed at least twice. Fungal infections are often active at this time, so it is important to stay alert.

The treatment described above is carried out both on diseased and healthy plants as a preventive measure.

Among the fungicides suitable for strawberry bushes, we note the main ones:

• Bordeaux mixture;
• Ridomil;
• Speed

berry bushes

In such common berry bushes as currants, raspberries or gooseberries, many similar diseases appear with similar symptoms. These ailments include:

• anthracnose - with this disease, the leaves of plants are covered with yellow and brown spots, as if pushing through them. As new spots form, the leaves gradually dry out and fall off;
• goblet rust - characteristic mushroom spore pads appear on the leaves, which have a muted orange tint;

  

• purple spotting - this type of spotting affects, first of all, annual raspberry stems. Purple spotting is accompanied by the spread of purple spots in the areas of attachment of leaf petioles;
• American powdery mildew - unlike classic powdery mildew, American powdery mildew appears primarily in old varieties of currants and gooseberries that do not have immunity to this disease. The first symptom of the disease is the spread of white plaque throughout the bush. Subsequently, the plant begins to slowly die - its leaves dry out, and the berries fall off even before they ripen.

  

From rust, spotting and anthracosis, gardeners use bardo liquid, with which the plant is treated twice - in early spring (during the "green cone") and at the time of vegetation. In the fight against powdery mildew, Topaz and Thiovit Jet have proven themselves well, with which the bush is sprayed immediately before and after flowering.

tomatoes

Tomatoes are considered the crop that is most often subjected to fungal invasion. Among the diseases that gardeners often encounter when growing tomatoes are:

• late blight;
• cladosporiosis;
• fusarium;
• macrosporiosis;
• gray rot.

The table below lists the main symptoms of these ailments, as well as methods of dealing with them.

Table 2. Fungal diseases of tomatoes

Disease	Symptoms	Treatment Methods
	Late blight is the most common disease among tomatoes. Phytophthora can be recognized by the following manifestations: 1. increasing black dots on stems and leaves; 2. dark gray coating on fruits	For the treatment of late blight, fungicides such as Barrier or Barrier are used. To prepare the solution, 8 grams of the product are taken and dissolved in ten liters of pure water until the powder is completely decomposed. You can also take 50 grams of HOM or Abiga-Pak and also dissolve in 10 grams of water
	Cladosporiosis or brown spotting is easily recognized - by the appearance of dark red spots, which first spread to the leaves, and then to the whole plant as a whole. As a result, the fruits die unripe.	Unfortunately, fungicides are not used in the fight against cladosporiosis. However, they can be used to treat the soil before planting tomatoes. Reducing watering and lowering temperature helps to overcome cladosporiosis
	1. yellowing and falling of the lower leaves, gradually capturing the upper tiers of the plant; 2. drooping of the tops, outwardly resembling drying out; 3. damage to the conductive system. when cutting the lateral stem, you can see brown tissue	Two weeks before harvest, tomatoes are treated with copper sulfate (50 grams per 10 liters of water) or Barrier (20 grams per 10 liters of water)
	Gray rot appears already at the end of fruiting - at the end of October, with the arrival of rains and an increase in humidity. The disease manifests itself in the form of rusty-red marks, gradually starting to get wet and rot	Periodic treatment with Barrier or Barrier (10-15 grams of powder per 10 liters of water)
	Alternariosis proceeds with the formation of brown spots on the lower leaves, gradually spreading to the fruits	Once a month, the soil is cultivated, from which tomatoes grow. For these purposes, a Barrier is used (15 grams of powder are diluted in 10 liters of water)

Processing tomatoes with phytosporin

Step 1. Even before starting treatment, carefully inspect the plant and remove all its areas where the fungus has manifested itself. It is also necessary to cut off all the lower leaves in contact with the soil (since pathogens of fungal diseases, as a rule, live in the soil).

Step 2 Take a package of phytosporin. In order to prepare a solution in the correct dosage, you need to follow one rule - the powder (or paste) should be half as much as water. Accordingly, if you take 200 grams of phytosporin, then you will need 400 milliliters of water.

Step 3 Pour the solution into the sprayer and set the spray mode to fine. Treat the plant with the resulting composition. Small drops will last longer on the sheet and give the best result.

Step 4 The solution must necessarily get to both the upper and lower parts of the plant, since phytosporin belongs to the contact type of fungicides. Treat the lower levels especially carefully, as they are at risk.

decorative garden

The processing of ornamental plants is designed to combat the types of diseases already familiar from the previous sections:

If you are going to subsequently store the bulbs or tubers of plants for planting, then before placing them in containers, it is necessary to treat the planting material with Maxim.

Important! Before treatment with fungicides, the planting material must be dried and cleaned of dried scales.

Vaults

Treating storages and cellars with fungicides will significantly reduce the likelihood of infection of fruits or planting material with fungal diseases. This procedure should be carried out shortly before the fruits are transferred to storage. Like fruits, storage facilities are dried before being treated with fungicides.

As a treatment, most gardeners prefer those that contain a large amount of sulfur, or garden sulfur itself. Fumigation of one square meter will require fifty grams of sulfur. In addition to the walls, boxes and any other equipment that is in the storage are also processed.

Video - Features of the use of fungicides