Northern Europe: countries (list). List of Western European countries and their capitals Northern European countries

Certainly a very important article for understanding both the reasons for the emergence of the greatest cultures and civilizations on earth, and the reasons for the difference in mentality and, accordingly, the different psychology of nations within even one white race.

About the Romans and the Germans.

In continuation of the controversy about the relationship between Romanesque and German origins in Europe.

A very important question is touched upon - the question of the correlation in a given civilization of racial and cultural principles. Assuming the real superiority of the Romance culture over the German one, we are simultaneously talking about the dominance of the cultural component over the racial one. Which of course is not entirely true. But the attitude to the culture of the people is also incorrect only from the point of view of its racial composition, according to the principle "the more Nords, the more perfect the culture." Both approaches lead to idiocy. The first approach, in its maximum idiocy, claims that genetics is completely unimportant, yesterday's black cannibal, who went through education in a developed culture, will be equal to a European. The second approach, not lagging behind in idiocy, will elevate the culture of Norwegian fishermen above the Italian Renaissance and French classicism.

Obviously, the truth lies somewhere in the middle. Man is a complex being, in which both cultural and biological components are difficult to correlate with each other. The easiest way to understand the question of this ratio is to use a computer analogy.

The biological in a person can be compared to factory hardware in a computer. The frequency of the processor, RAM, the power of the video card, the quality of the parts and their reliability, and so on and so forth - this is human genetics. True, unlike a computer, in a person it is impossible to take and replace individual parts. The "system block" is tightly sealed and cannot be changed.

In turn, culture and education are a set of programs that are installed from above on factory hardware.
It is clear that not every piece of hardware can be supplied with the same set of programs. Some programs have large requirements for the power of iron, and weak hardware does not pull them. In turn, poorly written, crooked programs can leave most of the great hardware unused, or even harm it. And also, good programs may not be compatible with this particular, also good hardware.

It is also difficult to say what is more important than hardware or more important than software. Just as the most perfect computer without programs is a pile of silicon, so the most perfect person without cultural firmware is an animal. It is absolutely impossible to put convenient, modern programs on a bad, weak computer.

Among Europeans, it is the North Europeans who have the most advanced hardware. The skull of the North European is on average larger, the brain is larger than that of the South European. Late puberty of the Northern Europeans provides them with a longer period of learning (with the onset of a riot of sex hormones, both the beast and the person become dumb, become poorly trained, conflict, focused on the implementation of instinctive programs). The peoples of the Nordic-Cro-Magnid composition - the Germans of Hanover, the Danes, the Scots - have the highest average brain mass in the world. In addition to intellectual advantages, northern Europeans are not deprived of physical parameters. They, unlike also very large-headed Mongoloids, do not have a reduced level of male hormones, which is expressed in a decrease in body size and weight, reduced libido, reduced aggressiveness and self-esteem. Clever and strong, it was not by chance that the North Europeans conquered and populated vast expanses, forming the ruling class everywhere. The original habitat of the North Europeans is harsh enough to ensure natural selection, allowing only the smartest and strongest to survive and give offspring.

(Note: the colossal difference in the structure of the Nordic-Cro-Magnid and Mongoloid skulls shows that with comparable brain sizes of a North European and a Mongoloid, the development of different lobes of the brain will be very different. That is, with the same weight of 1600 grams, the German brain will be heavier due to completely different areas than the Chinese brain)

However, the same harsh environment until recently has not been conducive to the development of rich and strong cultures. Two factors prevented this:
1. Natural. In the harsh northern conditions, most of the forces and energy had to be expended on fighting the environment. When the question of survival is at stake, there is no time for art and philosophy.
2. Racial-social. To create high examples of culture, even the most intelligent person needs an excess of time. Excess time, in the technological conditions of the ancient world, is created with the help of a hierarchy. When a dependent person - a slave, a trell, a serf - does the menial work for the master, helping him free up time for something else. But the Germanic tribe, surrounded by other Germanic tribes (consisting of smart and strong North Europeans) simply did not have a constant source of slave power.

But in the south, where the climate allowed the northerners to exhale and significantly increase their numbers, and all the rough work fell on the shoulders of the conquered population, the descendants of the northern invaders created great civilizations and amazed the world with the magnificence of their cultures. Such cultures thrived until they ran out of northern blood, then became the prey of another wave from the north. Actually, these are the Romanesque cultures, which are completely wrong to consider, especially in retrospect, as an exclusively South European product.

(note: The process of creation and fall of ancient cultures was brilliantly revealed by Hans Günther in his work "The Racial History of the Hellenic and Roman Peoples")

European history is a history of constant interchange. In the direction from north to south, the best human material flowed, and the high culture created with the active participation of this material returned home after centuries, from south to north, where it created purely Germanic cultures. That is, the Germanic cultures in historical terms are indeed later than the Romanesque, and often secondary to them.

When comparing Germanic and Romanesque cultures proper, the following is striking. German culture is always a culture of clear hierarchy and order. German ordnung, Roman Legem et Ordinis. German society is a society of harsh but fair laws, a rigid but obvious hierarchy. In German culture, valor, directness, honesty, decency, restraint and practicality are extolled, cunning, cunning, talkativeness, intemperance, explosive emotionality are disapproved.

Romanesque society is a farce and a brothel, where, behind the outward appearance of chaos, a certain order is nevertheless hidden, maintained through all sorts of secret societies, diasporas, mafias, sects, lodges. In the Romanesque culture, intelligence, cunning, acquisitiveness, enterprise, eloquence, masks, situational morality are extolled, they cause disapproval and ridicule - directness, inflexibility, stiffness. Decency is perceived as a lack of intelligence and cunning.

A significant drawback of Germanic culture is that it is suitable only for peoples who are predominantly North Caucasian in racial terms. Formed by northern Europeans to communicate with northern Europeans, the entire Germanic culture is built on education and upbringing, which is addressed primarily to the mind of the student. The German, by default, assumes in any person the same qualities that are inherent in himself. Rationality, logic, restraint in emotions, the ability to see and understand one’s own interest and correlate it with someone else’s, the ability to make reasonable compromises and concessions, the ability to correct instinctive behavior with the head are necessary conditions for a full perception of German culture.

Faced with other peoples who demonstrate behavior that is illogical from the point of view of the North European, the German always tries to act as a teacher, appealing to reason, explaining to his students that they are wrong. For obvious reasons, to no avail. Then the German moves from moralizing to punishment, and again with a negative result.

Roman culture, on the contrary, demonstrates a very good understanding of people of other ethnic groups and races. It was born as a product of interaction between northern and southern Europeans, and was originally built on an understanding of how different people are. Romance cultures easily find a common language with any natives, never aiming to re-educate them. Therefore, it was the Romance nations that became famous for their colonial successes - the colonizer always sees the native as he is, uses his strengths and takes into account his weaknesses. Where the German sees a threat in a non-European native, the Roman always sees an opportunity to profit from him.

Actually, even racial theories can be conditionally divided into 2 branches:
- The first - Romanesque - affirms the non-white world as the world of people slightly deprived of God. The Romance nations treat the natives as inferior, but very useful assistants who require a certain subtlety in mastering and managing, but who do not pose any danger at all. The idea of the total superiority of Europeans over non-Europeans among the Romanesque peoples is adjacent to a condescending and benevolent attitude towards the natives, like children or pets, completely incapacitated without a master.
- The second - German - perceives non-Europeans as a threat. Incomprehensible in their thoughts and illogical in their actions, not amenable to re-education, colored for the German is a threat that requires constant monitoring and periodic military suppression. The inability to manage the colored population for people of Germanic culture is a huge headache. Colored people are not people for a German. The ideal option for a German is to solve the color issue through the destruction of the colored population, but this option is due to the fact that the meaning of the existence of colonies is to withdraw valuable resources, and North Europeans are not adapted to live in a hot tropical climate. The same Nazism is a purely German phenomenon, if only because the Nazis perceived non-Europeans, especially half-breed Semites, as a real threat and enemy. A thought that would never have found a response in a person of Romanesque culture.

The conclusions from the above are very simple. European cultures, both Romance and Germanic, have both their strengths and significant weaknesses. Living at the beginning of the post-national era, modern Europeans are able to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each culture, forming the right views and guidelines for themselves. Moreover, there is one culture in the world that has demonstrated a successful synthesis of Romanesque and Germanic cultures.

The dominance of the Anglo-Saxons in the modern world is not at all accidental. Having retained a significant Nordic component, especially in the middle and upper strata of society, the British created a fairly transparent and stable legal system for a comfortable life for Europeans. At the same time, having masterfully mastered the Romanesque techniques of subtle control, the British received a serious weapon in the fight against other nations and maintaining control over the colonies. Combining the Romanesque and Germanic understanding of non-European races, the British rationally used and continue to use the natives where necessary, and destroyed where they were a problem or were useless (that is, in those climatic conditions where Europeans could live in peace).

The plains of Fennoscandia, the islands of Iceland and Spitsbergen make up the northern part of Europe. The population living in these parts is 4% of the inhabitants of the whole and is 20% of the whole of Europe.

8 small states located on these lands make up the countries of Northern Europe. eights - Sweden, and the smallest - Iceland. According to the state system, only three countries are constitutional monarchies - Sweden, Norway and Denmark, the rest are republics.

Northern Europe. Participating countries:

Estonia;
Denmark;
Latvia;
Finland;
Lithuania;
Sweden.

Northern European countries - NATO members - Iceland and Norway.

Northern European countries. Population

Throughout Europe, 52% of men live, and 48% of women. In these parts, the population density is considered the lowest in Europe and in the densely populated southern regions it is no more than 22 people per 1 m2 (in Iceland - 3 people / m2). This is facilitated by the harsh northern climatic zone. Denmark is more evenly populated. The urban part of the northern European population is mainly concentrated in the metropolitan areas. The rate of natural growth of this area is considered low and is approximately 4%. Most of the inhabitants profess Christianity - Catholicism or Protestantism.

Northern countries of Europe. Natural resources

Northern European countries have large reserves of natural resources. Iron, copper, molybdenum ores are mined on the territory of the Scandinavian Peninsula, natural gas and oil are mined in the Norwegian and North Seas, and coal is mined on the Svalbard archipelago. Scandinavian countries have rich water resources. Nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants play an important role here. Iceland uses thermal water as a source of electricity.

Northern European countries. Agricultural complex

The agro-industrial complex of the northern European countries consists of fishing, agriculture and animal husbandry. Meat predominates - dairy direction (in Iceland - sheep breeding). Among the crops grown cereals - rye, potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, barley.

Economy

Many indicators of economic development prove that the Nordic countries are in the lead in the entire world economy. Unemployment and inflation rates, public finances and growth dynamics differ significantly from other European areas. No wonder the North European model of economic growth is recognized as the most attractive in the world community. Many indicators were influenced by the effectiveness of the use of national resources and foreign policy. The economy of this model is built on high-quality exported products. This applies to the production of metal products and goods of the pulp and paper industry, the timber processing industry, the machine-building industry, as well as ore deposits. The main trading partners of the Nordic countries in foreign trade are the Western European countries and the United States. Three quarters of Iceland's export structure is

Europe is a unique continent - it is not surrounded by water on all sides, and has a conditional land border with neighboring Asia. From a scientific point of view, Europe is part of the large continent of Eurasia, that is, there is no separate continent of Europe.

But from a geopolitical point of view, Europe stands out as a territory surrounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, and the Black Sea in the southeast.

States of Europe

The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3,000 kilometers, and from south to north for 5,000 kilometers (from Crete to Svalbard). The powers of Europe are for the most part comparatively small. With such a small size of the territories, they have good transport infrastructure and close economic ties.
According to most classifications, the European continent is divided territorially into parts: western; eastern; northern; southern. All the powers on the European continent belong to one of these territories.

There are 11 countries in Western Europe.
In the eastern - 10 (including Russia).
In the north - 8.
In the south - 15.

Let's list all the countries of Europe and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.

The most visited countries in Europe are United Kingdom and Germany.

We will first list all countries in alphabetical order, and then - by parts of Europe. To whom it is more convenient - look there.

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List of countries in Europe	Capital	Flag	Which part
Austria	Vein		Western
Akrotiri	episkopi		South
Albania	Tirana		South
	Andorra la Vella		South
Belarus	Minsk		Eastern
Belgium	Brussels		Western
Bulgaria	Sofia		Eastern
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo		South
	Vatican		South
United Kingdom	London		Western
Hungary	Budapest		Eastern
Germany	Berlin		Western
	Saint Peter Port		Western
	Gibraltar		South
	Athens		South
Denmark	Copenhagen		Northern
Dhekelia	episkopi		South
Jersey	Saint Helier		Western
Ireland	Dublin		Western
Iceland	Reykjavik		Northern
Spain	Madrid		South
Italy	Rome		South
Cyprus	Nicosia		South
Kosovo	Pristina		South
Latvia	Riga		Northern
Lithuania	Vilnius		Northern
Liechtenstein	Vaduz		Western
	Luxembourg		Western
Macedonia	Skopje		South
Malta	Valletta		South
Moldova	Kishinev		Eastern
Monaco	Monaco		Western
	Amsterdam		Western
Norway	Oslo		Northern
Isle Of Man	Douglas		Western
Poland	Warsaw		Eastern
Portugal	Lisbon		South
Romania	Bucharest		Eastern
	Moscow		Eastern
San Marino	San Marino		South
Serbia	Belgrade		South
Slovakia	Bratislava		Eastern
Slovenia	Ljubljana		South
Ukraine	Kyiv		Eastern
Faroe islands	Torshavn		Northern
	Helsinki		Northern
	Paris		Western
Croatia	Zagreb		South
Montenegro	Podgorica and Cetinje		South
Czech Republic	Prague		Eastern
Switzerland	Berne		Western
Sweden	Stockholm		Northern
Svalbard	Longyearbyen		Northern
Estonia	Tallinn		Northern

Unrecognized

Western Europe

Countries and territories	Area (km²)	Population of the country	Population density (per km²)	Capital
Austria	83 871	8 507 786	101,4	Vein
Belgium	32 545	11 203 992	344,3	Brussels
United Kingdom	244 820	64 308 261	262,7	London
Germany	357 022	80 780 000	226,3	Berlin
Ireland	70 273	4 604 029	65,5	Dublin
Liechtenstein	160,4	37 129	231,5	Vaduz
Luxembourg	2586,4	549 680	212,5	Luxembourg
Monaco	1,95	38 066	19 521,0	Monaco
Netherlands	41 526	16 887 700	406,7	Amsterdam
France	547 030	63 928 608	116,9	Paris
Switzerland	41 290	8 136 689	197,1	Berne

Austria and Germany, according to separate classifications, refers to.

The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean.

In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they are distinguished by an unfavorable demographic situation. Birth rate and low natural increase of inhabitants. In Germany, there is even a decline in population. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration, it turned into the main center of labor immigration.

Eastern Europe

Countries and territories	Area (km²)	Population of the country	Population density (per km²)	Capital
Belarus	207 600	9 481 000	46	Minsk
Bulgaria	110 910	7 245 677	65,3	Sofia
Hungary	93 030	9 879 000	106,2	Budapest
Moldova	33 843	3 555 200	119,8	Kishinev
Poland	312 685	38 495 659	123,1	Warsaw
Russia (from 22% to 23% of the territory)	3,938,794 (European part). 17 125 200 (total)	Approximately 68% - 100,000,000 (in the European part). 146,544,710 (total)	27 (in the European part) 8.6 (total density)	Moscow
Romania	237 500	19 942 642	84	Bucharest
Slovakia	48 845	5 412 008	110,8	Bratislava
Ukraine	576 604	42 590 900	74,1	Kyiv
Czech Republic	78 866	10 512 419	133,3	Prague

Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic also belong to separate classifications.

The states of Eastern Europe have a lower level of economic development than their Western neighbors. However, they better preserved their cultural and ethnic identity.

Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographical center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.

Northern Europe

The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the total European. Sweden is the largest country in the G8 and Iceland is the smallest. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people / m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.

Southern Europe

Countries and territories	Area (km²)	Population of the country	Population density (per km²)	Capital
Albania	28 748	2 831 741	98,5	Tirana
Andorra	468	76 246	162,9	Andorra la Vella
Bosnia and Herzegovina	51 197	3 836 377	74,9	Sarajevo
Vatican	0,44	821	1780	Vatican
Greece	131 990	10 992 589	83,3	Athens
Spain	504 030	46 507 760	92,3	Madrid
Italy	301 318	60 782 668	201,7	Rome
Macedonia	25 713	2 065 769	80,3	Skopje
Malta	316	425 384	1346,2	Valletta
Portugal	92 391	10 427 301	112,9	Lisbon
San Marino	61	31 637	518,6	San Marino
Serbia	88 361	9 468 378	107,2	Belgrade
Slovenia	20 273	2 072 870	102,2	Ljubljana
Croatia	56 542	4 246 700	75,1	Zagreb
Montenegro	13 812	624 335	45,2	Podgorica and Cetinje

Slovenia also belongs to separate classifications.

The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these South European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. In agriculture, the main efforts are directed to the cultivation of food products, such as: grapes; olives; Garnet; dates. It is known that Spain is the world's leading country in the collection of olives. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro.

European Union

The countries of Europe have another division in modern history. In 1992, the countries officially united into the European Union (EU). The idea of such a union has been hatched since the middle of the 20th century, but the legal consent of the parties was signed in 1992. Over time, the number of EU members has expanded, now it includes 28 allies. There are still states that have a desire to join the relatively prosperous EU countries, but proving their compliance with the European foundations and high principles of the EU is not easy and not fast.

The main princes that are declared the most important for the EU are the protection of the rights of citizens; democracy; freedom of trade in a developed economy; single customs area.

Austria
Germany
Bulgaria
Hungary
Romania
Czech Republic
Poland
Belgium
british kingdom
Greece
Italy
Spanish Kingdom
Ireland
France
Denmark
Sweden
Finland
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Republic of Cyprus
Malta
Kingdom of the Netherlands
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Slovenia
Slovakia
Portugal
Croatia

Such countries of Europe as Albania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Turkey apply for joining this union. The Association Agreement with the EU was signed by three countries: Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

Members of the European Union are subject to a single customs policy and trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. The EU countries have a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely through the territory of all allies.

The governing bodies of the European Union are the European Parliament, the European Commission, the European Court of Justice, the Audit Community, which controls the EU budget.

Despite the unity, the countries of Europe that have joined the community have complete independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.

Nordic countries - this is, first of all, Finland and the Scandinavian countries. Scandinavian countries include European states, Denmark, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands. Below islist of Western European countries:

AT Nordic countries the main industry is mechanical engineering and shipbuilding.

Square Northern Europe is ≈ 3.5 million km². Population of the North Europe - about 26 million people.Throughout Northern Europe, 52% of men live, and 48% of women. In these parts, the population density is considered the lowest in Europe and in the densely populated southern regions it is no more than 22 people per 1 m2 (in Iceland - 3 people / m2). This is facilitated by the harsh northern climatic zone. Denmark is more evenly populated. The urban part of the northern European population is mainly concentrated in the metropolitan areas. The rate of natural growth of this area is considered low and is approximately 4%. Most of the inhabitants profess Christianity - Catholicism or Protestantism.

Norway- the main treasure of the country is its nature. Thousands of secluded bays and fjords encircle its coast, low mountains covered with forests and meadows create a unique flavor. Thousands of clean lakes and rivers provide a unique opportunity to enjoy fishing and water sports. In the fjords, rocks rise like a sheer wall tens of meters up, and the water is so quiet that it resembles the polished surface of an emerald.

Sweden- a country of contrasts. Snow and sun, mountains and archipelagos, cold climate and spiritual warmth, thousand-year traditions and modern technologies… Fantastic skerries and wonderful shores stretching for 2700 km among undulating expanses, dense forests and thousands of lakes.

Finlandfamous for its lakes, Northern Lights, magical Santa Claus Lapland, clear starry skies and white snow.

Denmark- these are fjords and bays, dunes and cliffs, cool shady beech forests, beautiful lakes and wide wooded plains. These are ancient estates, picturesque villages and cities, castles and monuments of past centuries. But, most importantly, no city in the world will tell you as many fairy tales as Copenhagen, the city of chimney sweeps, the Snow Queen and the Princess and the Pea, tells its guests ...

Iceland- in any corner of the country you will feel the extraordinary energy emanating from the majestic mountains and bewitching fjords, the energy of the dazzling sun in summer and the northern lights in winter; the attractive force of the cold beauty of glaciers and lava, frozen in a bizarre form at the bottom of deep canyons.

Geographical position

Northern Europe occupies the northwestern part of Eurasia. It covers countries located on Scandinavian Peninsula (Norway, Sweden) adjacent to them Finland, As well as Denmark and insular Iceland. When the Vikings lived in these territories, they instilled fear in the peoples of Europe. Sailing to the coasts, they suddenly attacked the settlements, leaving behind the ashes and the dead, and quickly disappeared into the open sea. As brave sailors, the Vikings were the ones who, as you know, discovered Iceland and Greenland.

A feature of the geographical position of the countries of Northern Europe is the coastal location. The seas have a great influence both on the climate and on the economic activity of the population. On the coasts are the capitals of states and large cities, where the majority of the population lives.

Features of nature

ReliefNorthern Europe is mostly mountainous. oldscandinavian mountainsstretched across the Scandinavian Peninsula along the coastNorwegian Sea. The rest of the territory is occupied by plains, lie onBaltic Crystal Shieldancient platform. Within its framework, igneous and metamorphic rocks of the basement - granites, quartzites and gneisses - come to the surface. Therefore, numerous rocks and boulders protrude from under a thin layer of soil everywhere. Iceland has a peculiar relief - "The Land of Fire and Ice". The island is a young part of the earth's crust, where numerous geysers and volcanoes operate. Particularly activeHekla volcano. Iceland is considered an active volcanic region of our planet.

In the past, as a result of the cooling of the climate, a glacier sheltered Northern Europe. Moving, huge masses of ice polished rocks, smoothed the earth's surface, and formed glacial deposits - moraines. The glacier brought huge boulders to the plains. Fjords are also a consequence of ancient glaciation - narrow, winding, deep sea bays with high steep banks that cut the shores of the Scandinavian Peninsula. They were formed as a result of the flooding of river valleys and depressions deepened by the glacier.

Climate of the Nordic countries

Climate Northern Europe, despite its northern location in the temperate and subarctic zones, is not so severe. It is softened by the heat of the North Atlantic Current. Winter there is surprisingly warm enough, and summer, on the contrary, cool. Moist winds from the Atlantic Ocean cause cloudy, overcast weather with rain and fog.

Due to the high rainfall (more than 1,000 mm / year) Northern Europe is rich in inland waters. The rivers, although not always full-flowing, are very short. There are many rapids and waterfalls in their channels, and the current is very turbulent. Such rivers cannot be used for navigation. But their rapid currents are a source of cheap electricity, so hydroelectric power stations are being built on the rivers. Numerous are small and large lakes, which are occupied by hollows plowed by the glacier.

Northern Europe is the land of forests. Although part of it is occupied by the tundra, however, taiga is widespread over large areas - pine-spruce forests with an admixture of birch.

The natural features of Northern Europe left their mark on the cultural traditions of the population. And now popular folk songs, dances and fairy tales, where the heroes are trolls - supernatural creatures in the form of little men. Often at various holidays you can see handmade folk costumes.

Resource availability

Agricultural complex

The agro-industrial complex of the northern European countries consists of fishing, agriculture and animal husbandry. Meat predominates - a dairy direction (in Iceland - sheep breeding). Among the crops grown cereals - rye, potatoes, wheat, sugar beets, barley.

Economy

State and national symbols

On the national flags of all the countries of Northern Europe, a characteristic cross is depicted, shifted from the center to the left. The very first flag to have such a cross is the flag of Denmark.

Nordic Passport and Labor Union

The Nordic countries (with the exception of Greenland) form a passport union established in 1954. Citizens of member countries of the union can freely cross the borders within the union without presenting and even not having a passport with them (however, identification documents are still required), as well as finding a job without obtaining a work permit. It is noteworthy that Norway, unlike Denmark, Sweden and Finland, is not a member of the European Union.

The article briefly talks about the countries of Northern Europe. Indicates the distinctive features that distinguish the states of the region from other European states. The main indicators by which the Scandinavian countries are recognized and absolute leaders are considered.

Where are the Nordic countries located?

The area of the region occupies about 20% of the total Europe, and the number of inhabitants of the region is almost 4% of the total European population.

Rice. 1. Northern Europe on the map.

The Scandinavian states are:

two European states - Sweden and Norway;
Iceland;
Denmark;
the self-governing area is the Faroe Islands.

The first two countries on the list occupy the Scandinavian Peninsula, which is the largest in Europe. Denmark is located on the Jutland peninsula and neighboring islands. It is geographically close to the Scandinavian Peninsula and is separated from it by the narrow Øresund Strait. Iceland is located on the island of the same name in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is separated from the Scandinavian Peninsula by a significant area of ocean waters, which is a difference of almost a thousand kilometers.

List of Northern European countries and their capitals

The list of Northern Europe today includes the following small states:

Denmark - Copenhagen;
Latvia, Riga;
Iceland - Reykjavik;
Lithuania - Vilnius;
Finland - Helsinki;
Norway - Oslo;
Estonia - Tallinn;
Sweden - Stockholm.

Rice. 3. Skyscraper Turning Torso in Malne. Sweden..

The largest of the states of the northern European region, which are part of Scandinavia, is Sweden, whose population is 9.1 million people, and Iceland is recognized as the smallest state. Its population does not exceed 300 thousand people. About 48% of women and 52% of men live in Northern Europe.

According to the UN gradation, Great Britain, along with part of its island territories, also belongs to Northern Europe.

The development of the Nordic countries is such that today these states are becoming leaders in the world economy. States significantly stand out among other European regions in terms of inflation and unemployment.

The economic growth model of the Scandinavian countries is considered the most attractive in the world. This primarily concerns the level of efficiency in the exploitation of external and national resources.

The main characteristic of the economy of Northern Europe is that it is focused not on the quantity, but on the quality of the product produced.

Almost all parts of Northern Europe are characterized by high standards of living. Countries are benchmarks in this area including the development of society. From the report of international organizations, it is known that Norway is in first position in the world in terms of the human development index.

What have we learned?

We found out that the Scandinavian countries have the highest life rates in comparison with other European powers. We learned that the model of economic development of the northern region of Europe today is one of the most effective in the world. Supplemented existing knowledge on the subject of geography (Grade 7). We received background information on the states that are part of the region.