Principles of nutrition in kidney disease. What diet is prescribed for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract? Causes of the formation of the disease

Indications: gout and urolithiasis.

Purpose: to promote the normalization of purine metabolism, reduce the formation of uric acid and its salts in the body, and alkalinize urine.

General characteristics: exclusion of products containing a lot of purines, oxalic acid; moderate restriction of sodium chloride, an increase in the amount of alkalizing products (dairy, vegetables and fruits) and free fluid (in the absence of contraindications from the cardiovascular system). A slight decrease in the diet of proteins and fats (mainly refractory), and with concomitant obesity - and carbohydrates. Culinary processing is usual, excluding the obligatory boiling of meat, poultry and fish. Food temperature is normal.

Composition: proteins - 70-80 g (50% animals), fats - 80-90 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400 g (80 g sugar), sodium chloride - 10 g, liquid - 1.5-2 l and more.

Calorie content: 2700-2800 kcal.

Excluded foods and dishes:

meat, fish and mushroom broths, from sorrel, spinach, legumes;
liver, kidneys, tongue, brains, meat of young animals and birds, sausages, smoked meats, salted fish, canned meat and fish, caviar;
salted cheeses;
legumes;
mushrooms, fresh bean pods, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, cauliflower, purslane; limit - salted and pickled;
salty snacks, smoked meats, canned food, fish caviar;
chocolate, figs, raspberries, cranberries;
sauces on meat, fish, mushroom broths, pepper, mustard, horseradish;
cocoa, strong tea and coffee;
beef, lamb, cooking fats. Limit pork fat.

bread and flour products: wheat and rye bread, from flour of the 1st and 2nd grade, various baked goods, including those with the inclusion of ground bran. Limit products from pastry;
vegetarian soups: borsch, cabbage soup, vegetable, potato, with the addition of cereals, cold (okroshka, beetroot), milk, fruit;
meat, poultry, fish: low-fat species and varieties. Up to 3 times a week, 150 g of boiled meat or 170 g of boiled fish. After boiling, they are used for various dishes - stewed, baked, fried, cutlet mass products. You can combine meat and fish in approximately equal amounts;
dairy products: milk, sour-milk drinks, cottage cheese and dishes from it, sour cream, cheese;
eggs: 1 per day in any cooking;
cereals in moderation, any dishes;
vegetables: in increased quantity, raw and in any culinary processing. Potato dishes;
snacks: salads from fresh and pickled vegetables, fruits, vinaigrettes, vegetable caviar, squash, eggplant;
a lot of fruits and berries, fresh and any culinary processing, dried fruits, creams and milk jelly;
marmalade, marshmallow, non-chocolate sweets, jam, honey, meringues;
sauces and spices on vegetable broth, tomato, sour cream, milk. Citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf. Dill, parsley;
drinks: tea with lemon, milk, weak coffee with milk. Juices of fruits, berries and vegetables, fruit drinks, water with juices, kvass, decoctions of wild rose, wheat bran, dried fruits;
fats: butter, ghee and vegetable oils.

Sample diet menu number 6:
1st breakfast: vegetable salad with vegetable oil, soft-boiled egg, carrot pudding with apples and millet, tea.
2nd breakfast: rosehip decoction.
Dinner: milk noodle soup, fried potato cutlets, kissel.
Afternoon snack: fresh apples.
Dinner: baked cheesecakes, cabbage rolls stuffed with vegetables, with rice, tea.
For the night: decoction of wheat bran.

Diet number 7

Indications: acute and chronic nephritis without exacerbation and without kidney failure.

Purpose: to reduce hypertension and edema, improve the excretion of nitrogenous and other metabolic products from the body.

General characteristics: the content of proteins is somewhat limited, fats and carbohydrates - within physiological norms. Food is prepared without salt, salt is given to the patient in the amount indicated by the doctor (3-6 g or more). The amount of free fluid is reduced to an average of 1 liter. Exclude extractive substances of meat, fish, mushrooms, sources of oxalic acid and essential oils. Meat and fish (100-150 g per day) are boiled. Food temperature is normal.

Composition: proteins - 80 g (50-60% animals), fats - 90-100 g (25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-450 g (80-90 g sugar), liquid - 0.9-1.1 l .

Calories: 2700-2900 kcal.

Diet: 4-5 times a day.

Excluded foods and dishes:

bread of ordinary baking, flour products with the addition of salt;
meat, fish, mushroom broths, from legumes;
fatty meats, fried and stewed dishes without boiling, sausages, sausages, smoked meats, canned food;
fatty fish, salted and smoked fish, caviar, canned food;
cheeses;
legumes, onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, sorrel, spinach, salted, pickled and pickled vegetables, mushrooms;
meat, fish and mushroom sauces, pepper, mustard, horseradish;
chocolate;
strong coffee, cocoa, mineral water rich in sodium.

bread and flour products: salt-free bread, pancakes, pancakes with yeast and without salt;
soups: vegetarian with vegetables, cereals, potatoes; fruit, limited - dairy. Seasoned with butter, sour cream, dill, parsley, citric acid, vinegar; onions after boiling and sautéing;
lean beef, veal, meat and trimmed pork, lamb, rabbit, chicken, turkey, boiled or baked, lightly fried after boiling, in pieces or chopped. Boiled tongue;
fish: low-fat, boiled, followed by light frying or baking, a piece and chopped, stuffed, aspic after boiling;
dairy products: milk, cream, sour-milk drinks, cottage cheese and cottage cheese dishes with carrots, apples, rice; sour cream;
eggs: yolks added to dishes. Whole eggs - up to two per day (soft-boiled, scrambled eggs) with a decrease in meat, fish or cottage cheese;
cereals: sago, rice, corn, barley and pasta in any preparation;
vegetables: potatoes and vegetables are widely used in any cooking;
snacks: vinaigrettes without pickles, salads from fresh vegetables and fruits;
various fruits and berries: raw, boiled, compotes, jelly, jelly, honey, jam, sweets, fruit ice cream;
sauces: tomato, milk, sour cream, fruit and vegetable sweet and sour sauces, boiled and fried onions. Vanillin, cinnamon, citric acid, vinegar;
drinks: tea, weak coffee, fruit and vegetable juices, rosehip broth;
fats: unsalted butter, ghee and refined vegetable oils; limited - lard.

Sample diet menu number 7:
1st breakfast: soft-boiled egg, crumbly buckwheat porridge, tea.
2nd breakfast: baked apples.
Dinner: Vegetarian borscht with sour cream (1/2 portion), boiled meat with fried potatoes, dried fruit compote.
Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction.
Dinner: baked carrot-apple meatballs, noodles with cottage cheese, tea.

Diet number 7A

Indications: acute nephritis and chronic nephritis with renal insufficiency.

Purpose: improving the excretion of metabolic products from the body, reducing hypertension and edema.

General characteristics: predominantly plant-based diet with a sharp restriction of proteins, with the exception of sodium chloride. The amount of fats and carbohydrates is moderately reduced. Exclude products rich in extractives, essential oils, oxalic acid. Culinary processing: boiling, baking, light frying. Food is cooked without salt, bread is salt-free. The amount of liquid should correspond to or not more than 300-400 ml exceed the amount of urine of the patient for the previous day.

Composition: proteins - 20 g (50-60% animals, and with chronic kidney failure - 70-75%), fats - 80 g (15% vegetable), carbohydrates - 350 g (80 g sugar), liquid - 0.9 -1.1 l.

Calorie content: 2100-2200 kcal.

Excluded foods and dishes:

ordinary bread, flour products with the addition of salt;
soups meat, fish, mushroom broths, dairy, cereals (except sago) and legumes;
all meat and fish products (sausages, canned food, etc.);
other cereals and pasta, legumes;
salted, pickled and pickled vegetables, legumes, spinach, sorrel, cauliflower, mushrooms, radish, garlic;
chocolate, milk jelly, ice cream;
sauces meat, fish, mushroom sauces; mustard, pepper, horseradish;
cocoa, natural coffee, mineral water rich in sodium.

bread and flour products: protein-free salt-free bread on corn starch - 100 g, in its absence 50 g of salt-free wheat bread or other flour products baked with yeast without salt;
soups, taking into account the permitted liquid - with sago, vegetable, potato, fruit. Seasoned with boiled browned onions, sour cream, herbs;
meat, poultry, fish up to 50-60 g of lean beef, veal, meat and cut pork, rabbit, chicken, turkey, fish. After boiling, you can bake or lightly fry, in pieces or chopped;
dairy products: 60 g (or more due to meat and fish) milk, cream, sour cream. Cottage cheese - with the exception of meat and fish;
eggs: in meals - 1/4-1/2 eggs per day or 2-3 per week (soft-boiled, scrambled eggs);
cereals: sago, limited - rice, protein-free pasta. On water and milk in the form of cereals, puddings, casseroles, pilaf, cutlets;
vegetables: potatoes and fresh vegetables (respectively 200-250 g and 400-450 g) in the form of various dishes. Boiled and fried onions - in dishes. Dill, parsley;
snacks: vegetable salads and vinaigrettes with vegetable oil;
different fruits and berries: raw, dried, baked, kissels, compotes and jelly. Sugar, honey, jam, non-chocolate candy;
sauces and spices for "masking" salt-free diets: sweet and sour sauces, tomato, sour cream, vegetable and fruit sauces, vanillin, cinnamon, citric acid. boiled, fried onions;
drinks: weakly brewed tea with lemon, juices of fruits and berries, tomato, rosehip broth;

Sample diet menu No. 7A:
1st breakfast: carrot-apple cutlets baked in vegetable oil, sago milk porridge, tea.
2nd breakfast: fresh fruits.
Dinner: vegetarian vegetable soup (1/2 portion), boiled meat with tomato sauce, boiled potatoes, jelly.
Afternoon snack: decoction of wheat bran with sugar.
Dinner: sago pilaf with fruit, vegetable salad with vegetable oil, tea.
For the night: fruit juice. If necessary, reduce the amount of free liquid (tea, jelly).

Diet number 7B

Indications: nephrotic syndrome.

Purpose: to replenish proteins lost in the urine, to help normalize the metabolism of proteins, fats, cholesterol, to reduce swelling.

General characteristics: a normal calorie diet with an increase in protein, a moderate decrease in fat (at the expense of animals), a normal carbohydrate content. Sharp restriction of sodium chloride, liquid, extractives, cholesterol, oxalic acid, sugar restriction, increase in the amount of lipotropic substances. Meat and fish are boiled. Food is prepared without salt. The food temperature is normal.

Composition: proteins - 120-125 g (60-65% animals), fats - 80 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400 g (50 g sugar), liquid - 0.8 l.

Calories: 2800 kcal.

Diet: 5-6 times a day.

Excluded foods and dishes:

regular bread, rich and puff pastry;
fatty types and varieties, liver, kidneys, brains, sausages, smoked meats, canned food;
fatty species, salted, smoked fish, canned food, caviar;
salty, spicy cheeses;
radish, garlic, sorrel, spinach, canned vegetables, salted vegetables;
sausages, smoked meats, cheese, all canned food, caviar;
meat, fish, mushroom sauces, mustard, horseradish, pepper;
chocolate, cream products;
cocoa, sodium-rich mineral waters.

bread and flour products: salt-free bread, baked goods without salt and soda, with the addition of wheat bran;
soups: vegetarian with cereals, vegetables, dairy, fruit;
meat and poultry: low-fat varieties of beef, veal, pork, lamb, rabbit, chicken, turkey boiled or followed by baking, frying, chunk and chopped;
fish: low-fat types, in pieces and chopped, boiled or followed by baking, frying. Seafood;
milk and sour-milk drinks, especially low-fat, low-fat cottage cheese and dishes from it (puddings, lazy dumplings, etc.). Limit sour cream and cream;
1 egg for cooking, protein omelettes. Limit yolks;
various cereals and pasta (cereals with water and milk, puddings, cereals, pilaf, etc.);
vegetables and dishes from potatoes, carrots, white and cauliflower, pumpkins, zucchini, beets, green peas. Tomatoes, cucumbers, green onions, lettuce, dill, parsley, radish;
snacks: vinaigrettes, vegetable salads with vegetable oil, salads with boiled meat, fish, seafood. Boiled jellied fish;
any fruits and berries - raw and in the form of various dishes. Milk kissels, jelly, meringues, snowballs. Sugar and confectionery limit. Honey instead of sugar;
sauces and spices: milk, sour cream, tomato, marinade sauce, vegetable, sweet and sour vegetable and fruit sauces. Citric acid, vanillin. Dill, parsley;
drinks: tea with lemon, milk, weak coffee with milk. Fresh juices from vegetables, fruits, berries, rosehip broth and wheat bran;
fats: unsalted butter, ghee, vegetable oils.

Approximate diet menu No. 7B:
1st breakfast: vegetable salad in vegetable oil, protein scrambled eggs, tea with milk.
2nd breakfast: soaked dried fruits.
Dinner: Vegetarian borscht (1/2 serving), meatballs baked in sour cream, stewed carrots, fresh apples.
Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction.
Dinner: boiled fish, low-fat cottage cheese steam pudding, tea.
For the night: kefir.

Diet number 7G

Indications: end-stage renal failure on the background of hemodialysis.

Purpose: to provide a balanced diet, taking into account the peculiarities of metabolism in severe kidney failure and side effects of hemodialysis.

General characteristics: moderate restriction of proteins (mainly vegetable) and potassium, a sharp restriction of sodium chloride and a significant decrease in free fluid. Diet of normal calorie content due to fats and carbohydrates. Food is cooked without salt, bread is salt-free. In the absence of hypertension and edema, the patient is given 2-3 g of sodium chloride. Limit potassium-rich foods. Sufficient intake of essential amino acids is provided by meat, fish, eggs and, to a limited extent, dairy products. Meat and fish are boiled. The taste of dishes is improved with sauces, spices, citric acid. The food temperature is normal.

Composition: proteins - 60 g (75% animals), fats - 100-110 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-450 g (100 g sugar and honey), potassium - up to 2.5 g, liquid - 0, 7-0.8 l.

Calorie content: 2800-2900 kcal.

Diet: 6 times a day.

Excluded foods and dishes:

flour products;
meat, fish, mushroom broths;
sausages, salted fish, smoked meats, canned food, caviar;
legumes;
salted, pickled, pickled vegetables, mushrooms, rhubarb, spinach, sorrel;
salty and spicy snacks;
meat, fish, mushroom sauces;
cocoa, chocolate, dried fruits, confectionery;
refractory fats.

bread: wheat and rye salt-free - 150-200 g;
soups: up to 250 g vegetarian with various vegetables, borscht, beetroot soup, fresh cabbage soup, fruit soups. Limit - from cereals, except for sago, and dairy;
meat, poultry, fish up to 100 g. Low-fat varieties of beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey, fish. Boiled, followed by baking or roasting, in pieces and chopped;
dairy products: limited, on average 140 g of milk, 140 g of sour cream, 25 g of cottage cheese per day;
eggs: 2-3 soft-boiled eggs per day, omelettes and for cooking other dishes;
cereals: limited, sago and rice are preferred (pilaf with fruit, casseroles, less often side dishes);
vegetables: an average of 300 g of potatoes and 400 g of vegetables (white cabbage, carrots, beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, green onions, dill, parsley) in the form of various dishes and side dishes;
snacks: vegetable and fruit salads, vinaigrettes;
fruits and berries in raw, baked and boiled form. Mousses, jelly, jelly. Sugar, honey, jam. Limit: apricots, grapes, peaches, cherries, black currants, figs, bananas;
sauces: milk, sour cream, tomato sauces. Sweet and sour vegetable and fruit sauces. Citric acid, vanillin. In limited quantities: horseradish, mustard, pepper, cinnamon;
drinks: tea, weak coffee, decoctions of wild rose and wheat bran, juices from the recommended vegetables and fruits;
fats: butter - 40 g, vegetable - 35 g per day.

Approximate diet menu No. 7G:
1st breakfast: 2 soft-boiled eggs, vegetable salad with vegetable oil, jelly.
2nd breakfast: baked apple with sugar.
Dinner: Vegetarian borscht with sour cream (1/2 portion), boiled meat, fruit jelly.
Afternoon snack: fruit mousse.
Dinner: potato zrazy with egg white in vegetable oil, sour cream, jelly.
For the night: decoction of wild rose or wheat bran.

Diet number 14

Indications: urolithiasis with alkaline urine reaction and precipitation of phosphorus-calcium salts (phosphaturia).

Purpose: restoration of the acidic reaction of urine.

General characteristics: in terms of calories, content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the diet corresponds to physiological norms; alkalizing and calcium-rich foods are limited in the diet (dairy products, most vegetables and fruits), foods that change the reaction of urine to the acid side predominate (bread and flour products, cereals, meat, fish). Cooking and food temperatures are normal. In the absence of contraindications - drink plenty of water.

Chemical composition and calorie content: .

Composition: proteins - 90 g, fats - 100 g, carbohydrates - 380-400 g, sodium chloride - 10-12 g, liquid - 1.5-2.5 liters.

Calories: 2800 kcal.

Diet: 4 times a day, in between and on an empty stomach - drink.

Excluded foods and dishes:

dairy, vegetable and fruit;
smoked meats;
salted and smoked fish;
milk, sour milk drinks, cottage cheese, cheese;
vegetables and potatoes;
vegetable salads, vinaigrettes, canned vegetables;
sweet dishes with milk;
fruit, berry and vegetable juices.

bread and flour products: various types, flour products - with a restriction of milk and yolks;
soups: on weak meat, fish, mushroom broths with cereals, noodles, legumes;
meat and poultry: various types in any preparation;
fish: various types in any preparation, a small amount of canned fish;
dairy products: only a little sour cream in dishes;
eggs: in various preparations and dishes 1 egg per day. Limit yolks;
cereals: any, in a variety of preparations, but without milk;
vegetables: green peas, pumpkin, mushrooms;
snacks: various meat, fish, seafood, soaked herring, caviar;
fruits: sour varieties of apples, cranberries, lingonberries, compotes, jelly and jelly from them. Meringues, snowballs. Sugar, honey, confectionery, popsicles;
sauces: mild on meat, fish, mushroom broths. Spices in very limited quantities;
drinks: weak tea and coffee without milk. Rosehip broth, fruit drinks from cranberries or lingonberries;
fats: butter, ghee and vegetable oils in their natural form and for cooking. Limit meat and cooking fats.

Sample diet menu number 14:
Breakfast: soaked herring, loose buckwheat porridge, tea.
Dinner: noodle soup in chicken broth, fried chicken with boiled rice, cranberry jelly.
Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction.
Dinner: meat cutlets fried with vegetable oil, green peas, tea.
For the night: rosehip decoction.

Health cannot be bought, so it is worth taking care of it. If a doctor has prescribed a diet for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, then it must be followed. Otherwise, there is a high risk of deterioration in well-being, which will lead not only to a hospital, but also to other unpleasant consequences.

Causes of the formation of the disease

Disorders in the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system lead to serious complications in the processes of the whole organism. Metabolism is especially affected, there are failures in the excretion of the processed liquid, the absorption of useful microelements is deteriorating. For this reason, a certain diet therapy is prescribed to eliminate this disease.

The kidneys are one of the most important organs of the human body. They perform not only an internal secretory function, but also cleanse the body, removing fluid and filtering incoming harmful substances.

The main risk factors for kidney disease include:

weakening of the immune system;
non-compliance with the principles of healthy eating;
hypothermia of both the whole organism and the pelvic organs;
infectious and venereal diseases;
frequent nervous breakdowns;
abuse of alcohol and tobacco;
genetic predisposition;
taking certain medications.

General information about therapeutic measures

Treatment of diseases of the kidneys and urinary system is as follows:

the use of medicines;
diet therapy;
therapy of certain manifestations of the disease;
physiotherapy procedures.

The main principle of the therapeutic diet:

unloading of the urinary system;
cleansing the blood of harmful substances;
stabilization of the work of metabolism;
getting rid of edema;
normalization of blood pressure.

Diet principles

Only properly selected nutrition contributes to the improvement of the patient's condition. Medicine offers several types of diets that allow you to normalize the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. When prescribing a certain diet, the doctor focuses on the course of kidney disease. In certain cases, the diet can be changed based on the personal characteristics of the human body.

Video about nutrition for kidney disease:

The general requirements of the dietary table are:

Reducing the amount of protein consumed. This moment refers to the key in diseases of the urinary tract. This is due to the fact that proteins include nitrogen compounds, which are extremely difficult for diseased kidneys to cope with. With a large accumulation of these elements, intoxication is possible. If the disease becomes severe, a protein-free diet lasting 2 weeks is recommended.
Fluid intake control.
Complete refusal or restriction of the use of salt and salty foods. Salt is a natural sorbent, so reducing it in the diet leads to the elimination of puffiness. During treatment, it is recommended to drink at least 1.5 liters of gas-free water daily.
Calculation of daily calorie intake.

In some cases, the use of oxalic acid may be limited.

The following products are prohibited for consumption:

fat meat;
broths prepared with mushrooms or fish;
smoked meats, sausage, canned food;
salted cheese;
sea fish;
fast food;
spicy seasonings.

Daily nutrition during the diet should include 500 g of complex carbohydrates, 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat. The calorie content of products should be equal to 3000.

To normalize the level of metabolic processes, it is necessary to use:

products from vegetarian cuisine;
river fish;
lean meat;
bread and crackers without salt;
vegetables cooked with a double boiler;
durum wheat pasta;
dried fruits;
dairy products.

Sample menu for illness

Nutrition for problems with the kidneys and urinary system should be organized according to the following example:

Breakfast includes a vegetable salad, while the vegetables must first be boiled, if desired, a small amount of sour cream can be added to it. It is also allowed to eat cottage cheese, slightly dried bread, rosehip broth.
For lunch, you need to cook an omelette, boil buckwheat, adding a small amount of oil to it. You can drink a glass of juice if you wish.
For lunch, you need to eat vegetable soup, a little boiled meat. It is not forbidden to eat potatoes in uniform and a glass of jelly.
In the afternoon, it is advisable to cook a small amount of pasta, drink a glass of yogurt. One baked apple is allowed.
For dinner, you need to cook steamed rice cutlets. If desired, you can eat some dried fruits and drink jelly.

Such nutrition will contribute to a quick recovery in a short period of time. If it is not adhered to, then the state of health may worsen and more aggressive therapy will be prescribed.

Diet for kidney diseases, if not crucial, it largely helps the treatment of the underlying disease. Patients who methodically take medications, drink the recommended herbal decoctions, but do not monitor their diet, are doomed to a chronic process. For any kidney disease, it is important to adhere to the principles of proper nutrition, and in some cases, strict time limits are necessary.

Let us first analyze the basic principles that all people suffering from kidney disease must observe.

The attitude to food proteins in kidney disease should be careful. Once in the body, the protein breaks down into many components, including nitrogenous substances. With impaired kidney function, they accumulate in the blood and begin their harmful, poisonous activity. With exacerbation of nephritis and other renal pathologies, you are shown a low-protein diet, limited to 50 grams per day. Reception, only half of the required protein can be taken from animal products.

Protein-free diet for kidney disease is prescribed for acute renal failure and exacerbation of chronic. Such a diet does not last long, as the patient loses not only harmful nitrogenous elements, but also useful amino acids. A protein-free menu is prescribed for a period of 2 weeks, after which they switch to a low-protein diet.

Life-giving moisture

Another important aspect of nutrition for people suffering from chronic kidney disease is water. It is difficult for a diseased organ to cope with a large amount of fluid, and the retained fluid begins to form edema. It is by them that one can sometimes recognize a kidney patient on the street - renal edema is located under the eyes, making the face puffy and stale.

In chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, the amount of fluid should be limited. At least up to 1.5 liters.

The daily volume of liquid is not only drinks, but also first courses and fruits.

If, in case of a chronic illness, water should be removed as much as possible, then in some acute conditions, its volume is increased. These are diseases caused by infection. For example, frequent cystitis in women requires plenty of fluids. The more fluid enters the body, the more often a person will urinate, which means that infectious agents will have to leave the body naturally.

With urolithiasis in women and men, you should also drink a lot. Stones prone to dissolution will not withstand the massive water load, turn into sand and leave you safely.

Salt

A product that threatens great trouble for all renal patients. Requires a hard limit. Salt will have to be abandoned. Sometimes partially, sometimes completely. Even if you suffer from inflammation of the urinary tract or bladder, and try to drink more, table salt will try to retain excess water, and with it the infection.

Therefore, recipes for people with kidney disease do not contain salt. In fact, any kidney diet is salt-free. It can be used in tiny amounts, adding a little salt to already cooked food.

The approximate allowable amount of salt is 2-3 grams. per day.

We'll have to try to break the habit of salty, but there is no other way. Such a restriction is especially difficult to implement for men, because it is they who are more often adherents of harmful, but tasty food.

Nutrition for pyelonephritis in pregnant women

During pregnancy, especially in the second half, pyelonephritis often develops. The reason is - a double burden on the kidneys. Therefore, during pregnancy, women should strictly monitor their diet - limit liquid, salt, in the second half do not consume too much protein. If you think that pyelonephritis that occurs during pregnancy will leave you after childbirth, we hasten to disappoint. This will only happen if your menu is appropriate. If dietary principles are not followed, the disease can develop into other complications of pregnancy - hypertension, nephropathy.

Women who already have chronic kidney disease should be especially careful during pregnancy. In this case, your nutrition recipes must be correct from the very beginning. This will help keep you and your unborn baby healthy.

We impose a ban

It is quite difficult to calculate the amount of protein, salt and calorie intake on your own. Therefore, it is necessary to start a diet with the exclusion of products that are frankly harmful to the kidneys. This list is quite extensive.

Products prohibited for use in diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract:

All animal fats.
Fatty varieties of meat and fish products.
Canned products.
Marinades.
Smoked products.
Strong broths.
Pickles.
Mushrooms.
Chocolate.
Coffee, cocoa.
Carbonated drinks.

Nutrition for children

A sample menu for children with kidney disease should be carefully calibrated. The calorie content of nutrition for children should be high enough, since metabolic processes in a growing body proceed quickly, and significant restrictions will lead to additional pathologies - anemia, metabolic disorders, and others. Therefore, the protein component of the menu must be supplemented with vegetable products, sometimes with soy protein. It is better if recipes for children with chronic diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract are prepared by a professional nutritionist. Having an approximate menu for two weeks in front of them, it is much easier for parents to monitor the diet of their children. There are also special tables of product interchangeability, with the help of which an exemplary menu for children can be diversified. By the way, recipes for children's dishes can be used during pregnancy. A diet intended for children is quite appropriate here.

Diet for urolithiasis

The optimal diet for urolithiasis depends on what types of stones have settled in your body.

Urate stones do not like an alkaline environment, which means that recipes for dishes should help change the reaction of urine to the alkaline side. In addition to general restrictions, exclude all acidic foods from your diet, give preference to a dairy-vegetable non-acidic diet, and eat sweet fruits. Stones of urate composition will not tolerate such mockery of themselves. If you eat right, they will simply dissolve and treatment will not be needed.

For uraturia in children or during pregnancy, proceed in a similar way.

Alkaline and urates are incompatible.

Urate antagonists are phosphate stones. Phosphaturia often occurs in children if parents fill the children's menu recipes with sweet and dairy products. If phosphates have taken root in the body, the diet should be urgently “acidified”. During pregnancy, with the help of proper nutrition, phosphaturia can also be eliminated. No special treatment is needed.

It is difficult to defeat oxalate stones only with a diet. Too bad they are alive. Your food recipes should not contain oxalic acid. It is she who contributes to the violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, and helps to form oxalate stones. If oxaluria occurs during pregnancy, a woman is prescribed a strict diet, may be hospitalized in the pathology department. Treatment for oxaluria will be carried out after childbirth.

If the bubble hurts

Bladder infections lead to cystitis. Anyone who has encountered him at least once remembers how unpleasant it is. Bladder diseases are especially painful for men. Due to the peculiarities of the urinary tract and excretory canal, they suffer from inflammation of the bladder much more.

Acute inflammation of the bladder requires the exclusion of all fatty and sugary foods. Coffee, tea, alcohol are completely prohibited.

But you need to drink a lot with pathologies of the bladder. Choose fruit drinks, herbal decoctions, unsweetened compotes. After the inflammation subsides, go back to your normal diet gradually.

Treatment of cystitis is required. In the chronic course of cystitis, dietary violations can cause exacerbations.

Renal colic

Pathology causing acute pain. Occurs when kidney stones enter the space of the urinary tract and move out. If sand moves, damage to the urinary tract may not occur. When advancing calculi of a larger size, urinary tract injuries are possible. Against the background of traumatic injuries, inflammation occurs, cystitis develops.

During renal colic, a person should not be fed, but a lot of drinking is needed. This will speed up the process of removing stones.

What remains?

After reading our material, did you feel that life with a chronic kidney disease gives a solid crack? And you don't want to go into the kitchen? Bland recipes without salt, lack of fried steaks will dishearten anyone! Do not despair. Go to a nutritionist, make an approximate menu for your disease. You will see there a much smaller list of restrictions than we have described. Systematically carry out treatment and get well soon, and then it will be possible to implement the most sophisticated, even if slightly harmful, recipes. But this is after.

In the meantime, we give you recipes for one day so that you know what to build on.

Breakfast

Beet salad dressed with sour cream;
Cottage cheese.
Salt-free bread and butter sandwich.

Breakfast number 2

Buckwheat porridge boiled in milk.
Steam omelet.
Herbal tea.

Dinner

Vegetable soup.
Baked meat with potatoes.
Fruits.

Dinner

Pasta with apples baked or vegetable stew.
Kefir, bun.

At night, drink a glass of milk with honey.

We think the example we gave is not boring. Just do not make a mistake in the choice of meat and the method of preparation. Then the treatment will go faster, and with it the mood will improve!

Introduction

1. Diet for acute and chronic renal failure

2. Diet treatment for nephrotic syndrome

3. Acute, chronic glomerulonephritis and diet therapy

4. Pyelonephritis and urolithiasis

Conclusion

List of literature sources

Introduction

An important role of therapeutic nutrition in the complex therapy of kidney diseases is determined by pronounced metabolic disorders, possible violations of the digestive organs.

Diet therapy is built taking into account the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease and provides for the need to spare the kidneys, leveling metabolic disorders, potentiating the action of diuretics and other medications. The possibility of concomitant circulatory failure determines the need to spare the organs of the cardiovascular system.

The main differences during dietary therapy relate to the amounts of protein, salt and water, which is determined by the clinical form, the period of the disease and the functional ability of the kidneys. The presence or absence of edema, high blood pressure, azotemia, albuminuria, hypoproteinemia and their severity matters. So, the presence of azotemia determines the need for protein restriction, with edema and high blood pressure, salt is limited. Noteworthy is the fact that there is no fluid retention in the body against the background of a salt-free diet, and therefore the allowable amount of fluid consumed is determined by diuresis plus 500 ml(extrarenal losses).

Since edema may be associated with proteinuria, the presence of ionoproteinemia in the absence of azotemia dictates the need for protein enrichment in the diet.

It should be borne in mind the need to enrich the diet with potassium when prescribing a number of diuretics that contribute to its excretion in the urine and can lead to hypokalemia (dichlothiazide, furosemide, etc.).

Therapeutic nutrition for kidney diseases involves the use of kidney diets No. 7a, 76, 7, such as Giordano-Giovanetti and special unloading diets (sugar, apple, potato, rice-compote, watermelon, pumpkin, etc.), which contribute to the removal of fluid and underoxidized products exchange from the body, lowering blood pressure and reducing azotemia.

Among the main pathological conditions of the kidneys, in which dietary therapy deserves special attention, are acute and chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, acute chronic glomerulonephritis, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, kidney amyloidosis (however, with amyloidosis of the kidneys, therapeutic nutrition is similar to that in nephrotic syndrome).

1. Diet for acute and chronic renal failure

Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden and rapidly progressive impairment of all functions of the nephron with the development of azotemia, profound disturbances in water and electrolyte metabolism, acid-base balance, arterial hypertension and anemia of the patient.

Depending on the mechanism of action, the etiological factors of acute renal failure are usually divided into prerenal(acute blood loss, traumatic and operational shock, transfusion of incompatible blood, crushing of tissues, toxic-coinfections, indomitable vomiting, mowing, etc.), renal(poisoning with metal salts, organic compounds, poisons of plant and animal origin, drugs, etc.) and postrenal(compression and blockage of the urinary tract with urolithiasis, prostate adenoma, tumors of the pelvic organs).

Therapeutic nutrition in acute renal failure is aimed at preventing the breakdown of tissue proteins, sparing the kidneys to the maximum and correcting metabolic disorders. It is built differentially in accordance with the stage of the disease.

In the initial (shock) period, diet therapy is in many cases impossible (unconsciousness due to shock, trauma, condition after abdominal surgery, etc.); therefore, in this period, treatment is usually reduced to parenteral administration.

In the stage of oliguria, fluid intake should be limited to 400-500 ml per day plus the amount of fluid lost during vomiting and diarrhea. It is also necessary to sharply limit the introduction of potassium, since its concentration in the blood plasma increases, which is associated with tissue destruction and impaired excretion of potassium by the kidneys. The content of sodium in the body, despite possible losses during vomiting and diarrhea, usually increases as a result of a violation of its excretion by the kidneys; in this regard, the content of sodium in the diet is also subject to drastic restriction.

Increased protein breakdown and impaired excretion of nitrogenous wastes by the kidneys contribute to a sharp increase in their content in the body, which dictates the need for a strict restriction of protein in the daily diet (up to 20-25 G) subject to its sufficient calorie content (at least 1500 kcal). A lower caloric content of the daily diet can increase the breakdown of own (tissue) proteins, which in turn leads to an increase in hyperkalemia. It is advisable to provide the missing calorie content mainly due to easily digestible carbohydrates, which help to improve the functional state of the myocardium, liver, and kidneys. In this regard, levulose is especially indicated, which, under conditions of acidosis, can be transformed by the damaged liver into glycogen. The introduction of fats should be limited, because in the process of impaired metabolism, ketone bodies accumulate, which can increase the already existing acidosis.

With the onset of the polyuric stage, protein restriction in the diet should be continued until residual nitrogen in the blood returns to normal. Increased diuresis determines the need to drink plenty of fluids. With the onset of diuresis over 1500 ml the content of potassium in the diet can not be limited; moreover, with a further increase in urine volume, it is necessary to enrich the diet with potassium, since its content in the blood tends to decrease. The introduction of sodium should be carried out under the control of its content in the blood and excretion in the urine.

Chronic renal failure (uremia) can develop with chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis, bilateral pyelonephritis, polycystic and amyloidosis of the kidneys, hypertension and atherosclerotic kidney damage (nephroangiosclerosis), diabetic glomerulosclerosis, kidney damage with systemic lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, chronic circulatory failure and less than other diseases.

In connection with the violation of the filtration capacity of the kidneys, nitrogenous wastes are retained in the body and the specific gravity of urine decreases. As a result of the compensatory reaction of the body, reabsorption in the tubules changes, contributing to the excretion of accumulated nitrogenous wastes with a large volume of low-concentrated urine; moreover, the observed polyuria often contributes to the convergence of edema. Large amounts of sodium and potassium are lost in the urine; acidosis develops. In the future, when the filtration capacity of the kidneys falls even more, oliguria develops, which leads to a further increase in residual blood nitrogen.

Diet therapy for chronic renal failure is aimed at reducing the effects of azotemia, combating acidosis and other metabolic disorders with maximum sparing of the kidneys.

The amount of protein in the diet is subject to restriction depending on the degree of renal insufficiency. According to most nephrologists (E.M. Tareev, M.Ya-Ratner, M.S. Vovsi), the amount of protein should be reduced to 0.4-0.6 g per 1 kg of body weight per day, which approximately corresponds to the nitrogenous minimum of the body. It is recommended to use mainly vegetable proteins, the metabolic products of which are more easily excreted from the body. In addition, plant products rich in alkaline valences contribute to the alkalization of the body, which has a positive effect, since acidosis develops in chronic renal failure.

To ensure sufficient caloric content of the daily diet, it is necessary to increase the content of carbohydrates and fats in it.

Salt should not be severely limited. In the absence of edema, the introduction of 4-5 G salt. Moreover, with compensatory polyuria, when a lot of sodium is lost in the urine, the amount of salt in the diet must be increased (up to 5-6 G per 1000 ml liquid) 1 otherwise, dehydration may occur with a further decrease in glomerular filtration. When metabolic acidosis occurs, it is recommended to replace 1/5 of the injected sodium chloride (salt) with sodium bicarbonate (soda) - 2-3 G.

Fluid intake is not limited, and with compensatory polyuria it even increases to a volume corresponding to daily diuresis plus 500 ml(extrarenal losses). The introduction of a sufficient amount of fluid is necessary to flush out nitrogenous toxins from the body.

The development of anemia dictates the need to consume foods rich in cyanocobalamin, folic acid, iron (lettuce, potatoes, apples, tomatoes, oatmeal and pearl barley, etc.).

With mild renal failure (urea clearance 30-40 ml/min) the diet is approaching the treatment table No. 76 with the issuance of 4-5 g of salt to the hands and the introduction of a sufficient amount of liquid. Periodic (once a week) fasting days are shown by prescribing diet No. 7a or taking into account the individual tastes and wishes of the patient, special fasting rations (sugar, pumpkin, rice compote, watermelon, potato, apple, etc.). Due to the low calorie content, fasting days are necessary in the conditions of patient compliance with bed rest; fasting days contribute to the removal of nitrogenous toxins from the body.

Diet Tips for Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease

Dysfunction of the kidneys and excretory system leads to an imbalance of the whole organism. In particular, metabolic processes and the excretion of waste fluid are disturbed, the water-salt balance and the absorption of useful substances are destabilized. Therefore, one of the main stages of therapy is a special diet for diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Causes and types of kidney and urinary tract diseases

The kidneys are one of the main checkpoints of the human body. In addition to the internal secretory, hematopoietic, metabolic, ion- and osmoregulatory functions, they play an important role in cleansing the body, filtering and excreting fluid.

Cause disruption of the excretory system can:

weakened immunity;
hypothermia of the body and pelvic organs;
infectious diseases;
frequent stress;
unbalanced or malnutrition;
alcohol and nicotine;
hereditary predisposition;
taking medications.

These factors can cause:

nephritis;
pyelitis;
pyelonephritis;
oxaluria;
hydronephrosis;
cystitis;
urolithiasis;
etc.

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Overview of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease

The treatment of problems with the organs of the excretory system, including those affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, requires an integrated approach that includes:

drug treatment;
symptomatic therapy;
physiotherapy.

In addition, doctors prescribe a dietary table, the purpose of which is to:

unloading the urinary system;
cleansing the blood of metabolic by-products;
normalization of metabolic processes;
removal of edema;
lowering blood pressure;
stabilization of water-salt and hydroelectrolyte balance.

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Diet Tips for Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease

Based on the specific functions of the excretory system, proper diet is one of the key elements in the treatment of various diseases of the urinary tract and kidneys.

Modern medicine offers several types of dietary tables: No. 6, No. 7, No. 7 (A - D) and No. 14, used to treat diseases of the urinary system. They are prescribed depending on the type, form and stage of the disease, as well as on the characteristics of the development and course of the disease. In addition, the diet may be slightly modified according to the individual characteristics and history of the patient.

For any therapeutic diet for diseases of the organs of the excretory system, the common is:

protein restriction;
control over fluid intake;
salt restriction;
strict daily calorie intake.

In some cases, the restriction may affect oxalates (oxalic acid and its derivatives), urates (salts of uric acid) and other chemical elements.

Restriction of protein intake is a key aspect of the dietary table for diseases of the urinary system. This is due to the fact that the product of protein metabolism is nitrogenous compounds, which diseased kidneys simply cannot cope with. These formations accumulate in the blood and can provoke severe intoxication. In particularly difficult cases of the disease, a protein-free diet can be prescribed. Compliance with the diet should be supervised by a doctor. The maximum duration of the diet is 14 days.

When protein intake is limited, the calorie content of the daily amount of food decreases. In addition to the fact that a decrease in the energy value of dishes is fraught with poor health and a negative effect on metabolic processes, the low calorie content of dishes consisting of fats and carbohydrates can provoke the breakdown of proteins deposited by the body "in reserve", which will lead to the formation of nitrogenous compounds.

Salt is a natural sorbent. Therefore, limiting or prohibiting the use of salt is a preventive measure that prevents the development of swelling and stagnation of fluid in the body. During the treatment of diseases of the urinary system, the daily rate of fluid is reduced to 1.5 liters of clean non-carbonated drinking unsalted water.

The above restrictions imply that any therapeutic diet must include a list of prohibited and acceptable foods, the method of processing them and the allowed serving size. And if the list of useful products varies depending on numerous factors, then doctors are unanimous in their approach to the question of what food is unacceptable for use during the treatment of the excretory system. This is:

fatty meats;
sea fish;
fish and/or mushroom broths;
smoked meats, sausages, canned food;
beans, beans, peas;
soy and by-products from it;
sorrel, spinach;
garlic and onions;
radish;
salted cheeses;
fast food and fast food products;
seasonings and spices that add spice;
cocoa and its derivatives (including chocolate).

In accordance with general recommendations, diet therapy should be based on products with diuretic properties. At the same time, you need to cook them without adding salt. The daily norm of useful nutrients during the treatment of problems of the urinary system and kidneys includes:

70-80 g of protein;
70-80 g of fat;
400-500 g of complex carbohydrates.

The average calorie content should be equal to 2800-3000 kcal.

Restoring a relative balance in metabolic processes and alleviating pathological conditions in diseases of the excretory system will be facilitated by a diet that includes:

salt-free bakery products and crackers;
vegetarian dishes;
light vegetable soups;
low-fat varieties of meat and river fish;
steamed vegetables and dishes from the indicated types of meat;
vegetable and meat stews;
pasta from durum wheat;
cereal dishes;
dairy products;
baked apples;
dried fruits;
fruit drinks, kissels, fruit juices;
decoctions of medicinal herbs.

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An example of a daily diet for the treatment of diseases of the excretory system

Morning: boiled vegetable salad with sour cream, cottage cheese, lightly dried white bread, rosehip broth.

Lunch: one egg omelette, boiled buckwheat with a little oil, juice.

Day: vegetable soup, a small portion of boiled meat, jacket potatoes, jelly.

Snack: a small portion of durum wheat spirals, a glass of curdled milk, a baked apple.

Evening: rice steam cutlets, some dried fruits, jelly.

An hour before bedtime, you can drink a glass of milk with unsalted cookies.

http://youtu.be/hTmpv2t-d8o

Dietary nutrition in diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract is one of the key elements in the treatment of a wide range of diseases of the excretory system. The main task of the therapeutic diet is to relieve the load from the diseased organs, reduce swelling and pathological conditions that the disease caused, as well as restore normal water-salt balance and metabolism.

Given the wide range and specifics of diseases of the excretory system, only the attending physician can give advice on the appropriateness of diet therapy, permissible and prohibited foods, their quantities.

Let us first analyze the basic principles that all people suffering from kidney disease must observe.

Life-giving moisture

In chronic pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, the amount of fluid should be limited. At least up to 1.5 liters.

The daily volume of liquid is not only drinks, but also first courses and fruits.

With urolithiasis in women and men, you should also drink a lot. Stones prone to dissolution will not withstand the massive water load, turn into sand and leave you safely.

Salt

Therefore, recipes for people with kidney disease do not contain salt. In fact, any kidney diet is salt-free. It can be used in tiny amounts, adding a little salt to already cooked food.

The approximate allowable amount of salt is 2-3 grams. per day.

Nutrition for pyelonephritis in pregnant women

We impose a ban

Products prohibited for use in diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract:

All animal fats.
Fatty varieties of meat and fish products.
Canned products.
Marinades.
Smoked products.
Strong broths.
Pickles.
Mushrooms.
Chocolate.
Coffee, cocoa.
Carbonated drinks.

Nutrition for children

Diet for urolithiasis

The optimal diet for urolithiasis depends on what types of stones have settled in your body.

For uraturia in children or during pregnancy, proceed in a similar way.

Alkaline and urates are incompatible.

If the bubble hurts

Acute inflammation of the bladder requires the exclusion of all fatty and sugary foods. Coffee, tea, alcohol are completely prohibited.

But you need to drink a lot with pathologies of the bladder. Choose fruit drinks, herbal decoctions, unsweetened compotes. After the inflammation subsides, go back to your normal diet gradually.

Treatment of cystitis is required. In the chronic course of cystitis, dietary violations can cause exacerbations.

Renal colic

During renal colic, a person should not be fed, but a lot of drinking is needed. This will speed up the process of removing stones.

What remains?

In the meantime, we give you recipes for one day so that you know what to build on.

Breakfast

Beet salad dressed with sour cream;
Cottage cheese.
Salt-free bread and butter sandwich.

Breakfast number 2

Buckwheat porridge boiled in milk.
Steam omelet.
Herbal tea.

Dinner

Vegetable soup.
Baked meat with potatoes.
Fruits.

Dinner

Pasta with apples baked or vegetable stew.
Kefir, bun.

At night, drink a glass of milk with honey.

We think the example we gave is not boring. Just do not make a mistake in the choice of meat and the method of preparation. Then the treatment will go faster, and with it the mood will improve!

Acute and chronic kidney disease cannot be cured without strict adherence to the diet. These organs have a serious burden of detoxifying the body and removing its waste products. If the kidneys cannot function properly, the body begins to swell, intoxication occurs, and the consequences can be most serious.

Problems in the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system can be signaled by severe pain, difficulty or too frequent urination, uncharacteristic urine color, bloody streaks, or white sediment in the urine. If you find yourself experiencing such phenomena, you should immediately go to a doctor who examines the symptoms and prescribes treatment immediately. The doctor will give advice on nutrition, which must be followed until complete recovery.

A diet for sick kidneys is prescribed in order to unload them as much as possible. Therefore, first of all, the amount of table salt, which retains water in the body, is limited. This is especially important in hydronephrosis, when the normal outflow of urine is disturbed and, when overloaded, kidney edema may develop. The basis of the diet should be carbohydrate foods that do not irritate the kidneys.

The amount of protein on the menu will have to be limited. When it breaks down, nitrogenous compounds are formed in the body, with which diseased kidneys cope with great difficulty. In the acute period of diseases, the protein is completely excluded. At the recovery stage, it is introduced into the diet gradually and not more than 50 grams per day.

It is important to closely monitor the quality of products - they must be fresh and natural, without chemical dyes and preservatives.

In chronic kidney disease in remission, you can not strictly limit the amount of protein consumed, but in this case it is useful not to eat meat and fish 1-2 times a week. The same recommendations must be followed when lowering the kidney.

Features of the diet according to diagnoses

A diet with a cyst, especially for a woman, should contain a lot of milk and dairy products with a reduced percentage of fat. These products have lipotropic properties and promote the resorption of the cyst. In addition, they have a lot of calcium, which is washed out of the body with frequent urination.

With pyelonephritis in remission, onions and garlic can be gradually introduced into the diet in small quantities. The daily amount of fluid in this disease increases to 2 liters per day. It is better to do this with decoctions of diuretic herbs and anti-inflammatory herbal preparations.

The cystitis diet does not recommend an even distribution of the amount of food eaten during the day, but such a regime in which the bulk of the food is eaten before 15 pm. And in the evening, food should be as light as possible. In this case, at night the urinary system is maximally unloaded.

With salts and kidney stones, the diet is determined after the chemical composition of the deposits is revealed. With oxalates, products containing oxalic acid are excluded from the menu. With urates, alkalizing foods are used in food. With phosphates, on the contrary, they are acidifying, and milk and fruits will have to be abandoned. Such nutrition will prevent the formation of new deposits.

If there is such a serious problem as oncology, the diet should be set individually by the attending physician, depending on the severity of the patient's condition. In the case of surgical intervention after removal of the kidney, the most strict diet is prescribed, which spares the remaining organ, which received a double load. It is important to eat and drink with one kidney often, but in small portions.

Neoplasms such as angiomoilipomas of the kidney are not malignant. With it, it is enough to follow the general recommendations for the nutrition of people with diseased kidneys. They limit the amount of fat and contribute to the resorption of education.

In any case, in order to achieve the maximum result of treatment, the diet should be agreed with the attending physician, who will adjust it from time to time based on the state of the body and the results of laboratory tests.

Kidney menu

The menu for the week is compiled independently. It is advisable to cook food immediately before use and eat warm. Cold food causes cramps and is completely excluded. Use only approved products for cooking.

What is the diet made up of?

bread and flour products, including pasta;
lean meats and poultry;
lean river fish;
milk and dairy products with low fat content;
various types of cereals;
fruits and vegetables, juices from them;
in limited quantities - eggs (1 per day).

Completely excluded from the diet:

An example daily menu might look like this:

Breakfast: any porridge or vegetable stew; weak tea; sandwich with cheese.
Second breakfast: steam omelette with or without garnish; vegetable juice or salad.
Lunch: soup or borscht with vegetable broth; steam cutlets; vegetable salad; compote.
Afternoon snack: fruit salad or dessert (jelly, berry mousse, pudding); oatmeal cookies.
Dinner: fish fillet with vegetable garnish or vegetarian cabbage rolls; kefir.

Before going to bed, if desired, a glass of warm milk or kefir.