1. Appendix- this is a definition expressed by a noun, which gives another name that characterizes an object:

For example: From the regiment, our thanks to you for your brave son
A song, a winged bird, calls the brave to march

2. Appendix should be distinguished from inconsistent definition, which can also be expressed as a noun.

Inconsistent definition characterizes a certain attribute of an object and always stands in a certain case. The form of the inconsistent definition does not coincide with the form of the word being defined, and the form of the definition does not change when the word being defined is declined:

For example: a man in a red coat, with a man in a red coat.

The application, together with the word being defined, serves to designate the same subject. The application can stand with the defined word in the same case, or retain the nominative form regardless of the form of the main word.

Application can be expressed:

A) a noun with the union "how".

For example: I, as a smart person, was bored listening to these speeches;

B) a noun with the words first name, last name, nickname, etc. etc

For example: She had a parrot, nicknamed Kesha.

3. Including the second name of the subject, app stands for quality, properties of the object (handsome stallion), social affiliation, rank, profession (director Makarova; guy programmer), age (old money-lender), nationality (Uzbek barbecue) and others.

4. Applications include:

For nouns:

For example: From me, thank you for your beautiful daughter;
to personal pronouns:
For example: This is it, my stranger;
to adjectives, participles, numerals acting as a noun:

For example: The face of the second, Igor, was familiar to me.

5. Since the main word and application can be expressed by nouns, it is not always easy to determine which of the nouns is the word being defined and which is the application.

To distinguish between the word being defined and the application, the following features should be taken into account:

If one of the nouns is the subject, then the predicate agrees with it, and not with the application:

For example: The Kapriz magazine has already been sold. – The magazine is sold; The courier guy was delivering pizza. - The guy carried;

If during declension one of the words retains the form of the nominative case, then this application:

Magazine "Caprice", in the magazine "Caprice";

In non-isolated applications, when a common noun and proper name of inanimate objects are combined, the application is a proper name:

For example: Mississippi River, Caprice magazine;

When a common noun and a proper name (surname) of a person are combined, the application is a common noun:

For example: director Makarova, sister Tanya;

When combining common and proper names, options are possible, therefore, in this case, the meaning of nouns should be taken into account.

The more intensive modern communications, the more people deal with text: they write emails, draw up contracts or sit in chat rooms. ChTD talks about applications that will help you improve your literacy and finally start chatting with your friends in the language of Pushkin and Tolstoy.

Russian language - literate

excellent student

Judging by the name, the program (AppStore) treats all users as schoolchildren. But let's not forget that our problems with the Russian language begin with unlearned lessons. As for the application itself, you can work on spelling, punctuation, and even orthoepy (pronunciation and stress norms) in it. The last option is especially useful if you had an argument with a colleague about which is right: yogurt or yogurt.

However, there is an example of a somewhat strange test, where it turns out that the correct stress in the word "pizzeria" is on the second syllable. Indeed, today the rules allow such a pronunciation, but "Excellent" does not offer the user a more common option with an accent on the penultimate syllable. Not very pedagogical.

The rules in an explicit form - so that you can figure out what the mistake is - are also not shown in the “Excellent Student”. Despite these drawbacks, the developers have worked hard on the interface and tried to make sure that advertising does not distract from the exercises.

Glazary of the tongue

literate

A useful application (AppStore) for those who needed to quickly google something, but there is no Internet or the search query does not give the right answers.

Here you can learn about the spelling of unstressed vowels in prefixes and suffixes, repeat the rules for using the particles “not” and “nor”, ​​and generally refresh your knowledge of the main sections of spelling and punctuation.

It is a pity that there are no exercises in Literacy. But all the rules are given with clear examples, written in a simple and understandable language.

Appendix is a definition expressed by a noun in the same case as the word being defined. Characterizing the object, the application gives it a different name and claims that it has some additional feature. Applications can refer to any member of a sentence expressed by a noun, a personal pronoun, a substantiated participle and an adjective, as well as a numeral. For example: So Mikhail Vlasov lived, locksmith, hairy, sullen, with small eyes (M. G.); It was herPeterhof stranger (Paust.); The first, the eldest of all, Fede, you would give fourteen years (T.); Mother and father rode from Siverskaya station, and we, children, went out to meet them (Nab.).

Applications can characterize the subject in relation to age, kinship, profession, specialty, occupation, national and social affiliation, etc.: US, workers, Need to study(M. G.); Here is our Zoya, waitress in the dining room (Gran.); And he gave the money to save the mermaid, things daughters my (P.); During the war years, a concrete builder became a sapper soldier (B. Paul); can be the name of an object: And the steamer "Turgenev" was already considered by that time a ship, rather obsolete (Cat.); can serve as a designation of quality, properties of an object: And a tribute to the soul of his lover is carried to Baikal for a long time by a fisherman, and hard worker scientist, and painter, and poet (Tward.); And our diver-strong man five - seven minutes with difficulty did a few steps on the ground (Paust.).

Applications can be expressed by nouns that have lost their specific meaning in the context and turned into demonstrative words. (man, people, people, woman, business and etc.). With them, there must be explanatory words, in which the characteristic of the subject lies. For example: Sometimes, instead of Natasha, Nikolai Ivanovich appeared from the city, a man with glasses, with a small blond beard, a native of some distant province (M. G.); Engineer Kucherov sometimes passed through the village on a cross-country droshky or in a carriage. - bridge builder, stout, broad-shouldered, bearded man in a soft rumpled cap (Ch.).

When combining a proper noun (a person's name) and a common noun, the common noun usually acts as an application: After half an hour graph Kosice and cornet Sevsky were already standing at the entrance of the house where Sosnovskaya lived (Boon.); It seemed to her that Rybin, old man, it is also unpleasant and insulting to listen to the speeches of Paul (M. G.). However, if necessary, to clarify the person, to specify it, as an application, a proper name can be used with a common noun. In this case, the sign of the face is of primary importance. For example: The rest of the brothers Martin AndProkhor, to the smallest detail similar to Alexei (Shol.).

Proper names - names used in a figurative sense (in quotes in writing), are always applications and stand in the form of the nominative case, regardless of the case form of the word being defined. For example: Among the seven hundred sailors who landed from the battleship "Potemkin" on the Romanian coast, was Rodion Zhukov (Cat.); During the test of the tanker"Leningrad" shipbuilders launched another similar vessel - "Klaipeda".

There is also no agreement for applications that are nicknames: Vladimir red sun, as well as for toponym applications: At the station Pushkino; On the lake Baikal.

The application can join the word being defined using explanatory unions that is, namely, or, as and etc.: The steppe, that is, the treeless and undulating endless plain, surrounded us (Ax); Klavicek, as a baker by profession, was sent as a controller to the supply department (N. Ostr); This small courtyard, or chicken coop, was blocked by a wooden fence (G.); with the help of words for example, by name, by nickname, by last name, by nickname, by profession, by name and similar ones: In the kitchen, the dear cook Ivan Ivanovich, nicknamed the Little Bear, is in charge (M. G.); ... I was supposed to become a lackey to a Petersburg official, by the name of Orlov (Ch.).

Applications can be common, can be homogeneous happy: On my mother's side, I had only one close relative. - her the only surviving brother Vasily Ivanovich Rukovishnikov (Nab,); But here comes the real savior our coachman Zakhar, a tall man with smallpox, a man with a black mustache, resembling Peter the Great, an eccentric, a lover of jokes, dressed in a sheepskin sheepskin coat, with mittens tucked into a red sash (Nab.).

Combinations of applications with defined words are delimited from some similar in shape combinations , whose components are not connected by attribute relations. These include the following pair combinations: combinations of synonyms (stitches-tracks, grass-ant, clan-tribe, time-time, mind-mind, wedding-marriage, chic-shine); combinations of antonyms (export-import, purchase and sale, questions-answers, income-expense); combinations of words by association (name-patronymic, grandfathers-great-grandfathers, viburnum-raspberry, bread-and-salt, mushrooms-berries, dance songs).

In addition, the components of some types of compound words are not applications (although they resemble them in form): a) compound words that are terms (sofa bed, crane-beam, novel-newspaper, museum-apartment, hut-reading room), b) compound words, part of which are evaluative words (firebird, good boy, boy-woman, unfortunate leader, miracle fish).

12. The concept of a minor member of the proposal. Bases for the classification of minor members. The concept of definitions, additions, circumstances, semantic categories of circumstances. Techniques for distinguishing minor members.

The question of secondary members of a sentence in the history of Russian grammar has different solutions. As the main directions in the doctrine of the secondary members of the sentence, two are distinguished: consideration of the secondary members, firstly, by meaning and, secondly, by the type of syntactic connection with other words. In both cases, definitions, additions and circumstances are singled out as secondary members, but the grounds for such a selection are accepted different, and therefore the same member of the sentence is defined differently with different approaches to classification. For example: in the phrase father's house word father is a definition if it is considered by its meaning or by the function it performs in relation to the word House, and addition, if only the nature of the syntactic connection with the word is taken into account House (type of connection - control).

These two directions in the doctrine of the secondary members of the sentence are called formal (classification according to the nature of the syntactic connection) and logical (classification by value).

The beginning of the logical direction in the doctrine of the secondary members of the sentence was laid in the works of A. Kh. Vostokov and N. I. Grech. They also have the terms "addition" and "definition". The members of the sentence, which in modern grammar are defined as circumstances, were included by them in the category of definitions.

the concept of a minor member of a sentence is a complex of all possible ways of expressing any meaning of a dependent component in a phrase. Ways of expressing meaning are basic, leading - morphologized and non-basic - non-morphologized.

Morphologized minor members are expressed by parts of speech morphologically adapted to convey a specific meaning. So adjectives are adapted to express attributive meanings, nouns - to convey objective meanings, adverbial meanings are expressed by adverbs, etc. Non-morphologized secondary members are expressed by parts of speech morphologically adapted to convey other meanings. Thus, the GOLDEN RING is a morphologized definition, and the GOLD RING is a non-morphologized one (since it is expressed by a noun adapted to reflect object meanings).

Traditionally, 3 categories of secondary members of the sentence are distinguished: addition, definition and circumstance.

1. An addition is a minor member of a sentence with an objective meaning: it denotes the object to which the action or sign passes, or the object through which the action is performed.

A morphologized object is a noun in indirect cases with or without prepositions, as well as substantiated parts of speech. For example: I am reading a BOOK (n.); talked about THIS (loc.); retell READ (adj.); saw THREE (num.).

The non-morphologized addition is expressed by the infinitive: I advise you to READ, I ask you to COME; I am ordered to Fulfill your request (P.).

Addition may depend on:

1) verbs and verb forms. Eg: Drank tea, TALKING about a friend, PREPARED for a competition, READING a book, READ with friends;

2) adjectives. For example: EXPERIENCED in business, DEAR to me, READY for an exam, FASTER than a bird, BEST of students, LIKE a mother;

4) procedural nouns (see the topic “Object relations in phrases”): RECEPTION of goods, COMPOSITION of a play.

The most typical verbal additions.

Among the morphologized additions, direct and indirect additions are distinguished.

The direct object denotes the subject to which the action is directly directed, and is expressed by a noun in B.p. without a preposition with transitive verbs and some words of the state category. For example: I read a BOOK, I met a FRIEND, I see a CITY; it hurts the HAND, sorry for the SON. Real nouns with transitive verbs can stand in the genitive case without a preposition. For example: drink TEA, buy SUGAR, pour MILK. With transitive verbs with negation, the direct object can also be in R.p. without a suggestion. For example: did not see the FILM, did not write down the PHONE.

The indirect object is expressed by nouns in other cases and has a more complex objective meaning. For example: helped MOTHER (object - addressee), wrote with a PENCIL (object - tool), bought for SON (object - beneficiary), be proud of SON (object - intermediary), etc.

The addition is included in the sentence on the basis of the syntactic connection of control (less often - adjacency) and on the basis of object syntactic relations.

2. Definition - a minor member of the sentence with an attributive meaning, denoting the quality or distinctive features of objects.

A morphologized definition is a consistent definition, i.e. definition formed on the basis of the connection agreement:

1) adjective: GOOD weather, OLD magazines;

2) participles: TALKING parrot, READ books;

3) pronouns-adjectives: MY cat, OUR children, THIS house, EVERY person, SOME students;

4) ordinal numbers: FIRST class, IN THE THIRD row;

5) cardinal numbers in indirect cases: About TWO comrades, in FIVE houses, IN BOTH hands.

Non-morphologized are inconsistent definitions, among which there are 2 types: controlled and adjoining.

Controlled definitions are formed on the basis of the control connection and are expressed by nouns:

1) indicating that something belongs to someone, a part to the whole. Eg: SISTER bag, CAT bowl, CLUB member, INSTITUTE students, CHESS club;

2) characterizing the object in various details. For example: a boat WITH A SAIL, a girl WITH A SPIDER, a man IN A HAT, chintz WITH Polka Dots, morning WITHOUT RAIN;

3) concretizing, narrowing the concept. For example: teacher of PHYSICS, minister of EDUCATION, IT specialist, era of CLASSICISM;

4) characterizing an object by likening it to another object. For example: a Hedgehog hairstyle, a POTATO nose, a WEDGE beard (this is the so-called Creative comparison);

5) indicating the material from which the item is made. For example: a frying pan made of ALUMINUM, a calico shirt, a brooch made of GOLD;

6) indicating the purpose. For example: tanning cream, mascara, ointment FOR SKI, flowers FOR MOM;

7) giving a qualitative description of the subject (usually in phrases). For example: a person of RARE KINDNESS (=very kind); goods of the FIRST CLASS (= first-class); deputy of the LEFT BELIEF, a man of HIGH GROWTH;

8) characterizing the subject from the point of view of spatial arrangement (in the event that they are closely adjacent to the word being defined). For example: The house ON THE MOUNTAIN was clearly visible.

Adjoining definitions are formed on the basis of the adjoining connection and attributive relations and are expressed:

1) invariable adjectives: BEIGE coat, BORDEAUX scarf;

2) adverbs expressing the qualitative characteristics of the subject: ride on HORSE RIDING, speaking in ENGLISH, soft-boiled eggs;

adverbs that characterize an object by its location are less commonly used: neighbor on the LEFT, house OPPOSITE;

3) the comparative degree of adjectives: the girl is SIMPLE, the boy is LOWER;

4) infinitive: the art of TELLING, the gift of FORECAST, the need to CONVINCE.

A variation of the definition is an application.

An application is a definition expressed by an agreed noun (less often a pronoun) and representing the second name of an object. For example: student-Philologist, FAT-doctor, enchantress-winter, CAPTAIN Ivanov, planet MARS, cat VASKA; Her father, IVAN SERGEEVICH, was a geologist.

The connection between the application and the word being defined is a mutual agreement based on appositive relations, since the subordination of the application is not formally expressed. In this regard, there are difficulties in determining the main word and application.

This distinction is possible only at the level of semantics.

Applications are:

1) nouns that clarify the first name and are in postposition. For example: The owner, a middle-aged man, stood on the threshold; He, the teacher, was respected in the village;

2) nouns, concretizing the concept, narrowing the scope of meaning. For example: a teacher-CHEMIST, an artist-PORTRAITIST, an excellent student;

3) the previous group is adjoined by nouns indicating a specific feature. For example: hare-BELYAK, thrush-ROABINIK, hat-USHANKA;

4) nouns containing a qualitative characteristic of the subject. For example: oak-BOGATYR, QUEEN-pine, city-HERO, magpie-THIEF, singer-SUFFERER, street-SNAKE, CHATTER-STARLING;

5) nouns that are proper names and do not designate a person. For example: station ZIMA, MOSCOW-river, lake BAIKAL, city of TOMSK. However, when a common noun is combined with a proper name, the application is a common noun, for example: Countess Bezukhova, BEAUTY Anatole, KUCHER Selifan, etc. Unlike the names of people, the nicknames of animals are applications: the cat FILYA, the dog SHARIK, the parrot KESH. In elementary school, it is more rational to consider combinations with proper names as one member of the sentence: CAT VASK loved fish; He took BROTHER PETIA to school.

3. Circumstance is a minor member of a sentence with a circumstantial meaning, denoting a sign of an action or sign.

The morphologized circumstance is expressed by the adverb: it was going FAST, it was dripping from the TOP, cooked ON TIME. A circumstance expressed by a noun correlated with an adverb is also considered morphologized. For example: looked WITH SAD (= sad); looked at with SURPRISE (=surprised); worked with VOLTAGE (=tense).

Non-morphologized circumstances are expressed by nouns in indirect cases, gerunds and infinitives. For example: THE STREET was quiet; He silently nodded; I came to TALK to you.

The following categories of circumstances are distinguished:

1) circumstances of the place, direction of movement (spatial). For example: The path led INTO THE FOREST; HERE will help you; I walked along the BUCK; The road turned LEFT;

2) circumstances of time. For example: IN WINTER it is frosty here; It has been raining since MORNING; We are back LATE; The factory hummed ALL NIGHT;

3) the circumstances of the mode of action. For example: Masha studies WELL; Father walked WITH WORK;

4) circumstances of quantity, measure and degree. Ex: He repeated it TWICE; Very interesting book; Tired of everything DEFINITELY;

5) circumstances of logical conditionality - this is a special group of circumstances denoting various types of conditionality of an action:

a) the circumstances of the cause. Eg: We were late BECAUSE OF AN ACCIDENT; Frost made the trees white; RASHINGLY I didn't notice the signal;

b) the circumstances of the condition. They are expressed by gerunds, participles and nouns with the prepositions WITH, WITHOUT, IN CASE. For example: IF REFUSED, return immediately; IN STRONG WINDS, the forest rustles menacingly; FORGETTING THE NATIVE LANGUAGE, I will become numb;

c) the circumstances of the assignment. They are expressed by nouns with prepositions DESPITE, DESPITE, DESPITE OF. For example: DESPITE TIRED, we returned cheerful; AGAINST FORECASTS the weather was fine;

d) circumstances of the goal. They are expressed by some adverbs (NAZLO, PURPOSE), nouns with prepositions FOR, ON and infinitives. Eg: We got off at the station to HAVE DINNER; The daughter was present in the dining room TO DECORATE THE TABLE (Ch.); You did it on PURPOSE.

Most often, the circumstances of conditionality are expressed by nouns, which are folded predicative constructions. For example: AT STRONG WINDS the forest makes a menacing noise - IF THE WIND IS STRONG, then the forest makes a menacing noise; I will help you FROM FRIENDSHIP - I will help you BECAUSE I AM YOUR FRIEND.

It should be noted that it is not always possible to give a clear description of the circumstance during syntactic analysis, since in the text it can combine different shades of meaning. Recently, such categories have been distinguished as the circumstances of the situation (situation): IN THE DARKNESS, IN SMOKE, IN THE WIND; modal circumstances: REALLY, REALLY, USUALLY.

1. Application as a kind of definition

Appendix – it is a definition that is expressed by a noun. An appendix characterizes an object in a new way, gives it a different name, or indicates a degree of relationship, nationality, rank, profession, etc. An appendix is ​​always used in the same case as the noun to which it refers.

Master(i.p.), harsh man (i.p.), was not happy with either guests or profit(N. Leskov).

This story belongs to the famous writer science fiction (d.p.).

Please note: if the application and the word it defines are expressed by common nouns, then a hyphen is placed between them. For example:

Butterflies- cabbage fluttered over the flower beds.

If the application or the word being defined is expressed by a proper name, a hyphen is put only if the proper name comes before a common noun. Compare the two applications in the following phrase:

Moscow began with a small settlement in the place where river Yauza flows into Moscow river (A. N. Tolstoy).

phrase river Yauza written without a hyphen, since here the proper name comes after the common noun, and the phrase Moscow river written with a hyphen, because in it the proper name is before the common noun.

2. Separation of applications

The last topic was devoted to punctuation in sentences with definitions. You learned that a noun adjective only separates when it comes after it, while a personal pronoun adjective always separates, no matter where it is in the sentence. Compare pairs of sentences:

2) They are, soaked in the rain decided to go to the hotel And Wet in the rain, they decided to go to the hotel.

As you can see, the definition separation rule consists of two main parts. Now let's turn to the application isolation rule, which is a little more complicated: it will have three points that you need to remember. Please note that all paragraphs refer to common applications (that is, applications consisting of several words).

1) If the application refers to a common noun, then it is isolated in any case, regardless of the place in the sentence. For example:

My father, border guard captain, served in the Far East And Frontier Captain, my father served in the Far East.

2) If the application refers to its own noun, it is isolated only if it comes after it. For example:

Ivanov, border guard captain, served in the Far East And Frontier Captain Ivanov served in the Far East.

3) If the application refers to a personal pronoun, then it is isolated in any case, regardless of the place in the sentence. For example:

He, border guard captain, served in the Far East And Frontier Captain, he served in the Far East.

This rule has a few notes:

1. Sometimes an application that is given great importance in a statement and which is at the end of a sentence can be isolated with a dash rather than a comma, for example: August came to an end last month of summer .

2. Sometimes an application may begin with the conjunction HOW. In such cases, you need to try to replace this union with a combination AS. If such a substitution is possible, then commas are not needed. For example: Gas as a fuel is now widely used. In more detail, the rules for putting commas before the union AS will be considered in a separate part of our course.

The exercise

Finally, he could not stand it and reported his suspicions to the clerk of the noble guardianship_ Polovinkin (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin).

You, who until a few minutes ago were shaking for your lousy life, showed us all a model of desperate courage and unprecedented stupidity. There are no equals among us. With our large collective mind, we could not comprehend why You_hero_ needed to see Ant_robber when, when it appears, it is enough to tremble and subside (E. Klyuev).

By the way, the owner's family consisted of his wife, mother-in-law and two children_teenagers- a boy and a girl (F. Iskander).

In the early morning of the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan, in a white cloak with a bloody lining, shuffling with a cavalry gait, the procurator of Judea_ Pontius Pilate (M. Bulgakov) entered the covered colonnade between the two wings of the palace of Herod the Great.

The senator_ his new owner_ did not press them at all, he even loved the young Tolochanov, but his quarrel with his wife continued; she could not forgive him for deceit and fled from him with another (A. Herzen).

IN living room_reception_ completely dark (M. Bulgakov).

Nastya helped her here too: she took a measurement from Lisa's foot, ran to Trofim_ the shepherd and ordered him a pair of bast shoes according to that measure (A. Pushkin).

By the way, they said that the wife of the headman_ Mavra_ a healthy and not stupid woman_ in her whole life has never been further than her native village ... (A. Chekhov).

Yes, it’s not far to look, just about two months ago, a certain Belikov, a teacher of the Greek language, my friend (A. Chekhov) died in our city.

But on Elena's face at three o'clock in the afternoon, the arrows showed the lowest and most oppressed hour of life - half past six (M. Bulgakov).

My mother-in-law_ Avdotya Vasilyevna Aksenova_ who was born under serfdom, a simple illiterate "Ryazan woman"_ was distinguished by a deep philosophical mindset ... (E. Ginzburg).

... We learned that our crazy grandfather_ Pyotr Kirillich was killed in this house by his illegitimate son Gervaska_ our father's friend and cousin Natalya ... (I. Bunin).

All around, a kind of sluggish bedlam was going on - such a pause after a stormy Sabbath (V. Shukshin).

The famous Schiller_ tinsmith in Meshchanskaya Street. Near Schiller stood Hoffmann - not the writer Hoffmann, but a rather good shoemaker from Officerskaya Street - Schiller's great friend (N. Gogol).

Some kind of bastard cat, made to look like a Siberian tramp, emerged from behind a drainpipe and, despite the blizzard, smelled Krakow (M. Bulgakov).

... In the city of Moscow, he_ this man_ suddenly got the right to exist, acquired meaning and even significance (M. Bulgakov).

The best days of the year have come - the first days of June (I. Turgenev).

Only she_ this heroic mitten_ is unbearable for people. (P. Bazhov).

Katya_ Danilova, the bride, remained unmarried (P. Bazhov).

The wreckage of the Danilushka dope bowl remained, but Katya took care of them (P. Bazhov).

She cried, looking - at the very foot of the malachite_stone was designated, only it sits all in the ground (P. Bazhov).

Gatchina and Pavlovsk _ the residences of the Grand Ducal couple _ have remained to this day, despite the new layouts and restructuring, monuments of the era of Paul (G. Chulkov).

But only parent_deceased_ he was not a fool to let such a place, from which all rafting along the river begins, out of his hands (P. Bazhov).

I suspect that her husband, the peaceful Abkhazian prince, had to endure the cruder manifestations of her despotic temperament (F. Iskander).

There are no triples, no riding "Kirghiz", no hounds and greyhounds, no domestics and no owner of all this _ landowner_hunter_, like my late brother-in-law Arseny Semenych (I. Bunin).

- Prince_ Lev Nikolaevich Myshkin, - he answered with complete and immediate readiness (F. Dostoevsky).

Moreover, her face was similar to her mother, and her mother, some kind of princess with oriental blood, suffered from something like black melancholy (I. Bunin).

Such sleeves disappeared, time flashed like a spark, father_professor_ died, everyone grew up, but the clock remained the same and beat with a tower battle (M. Bulgakov).

The topic of this lesson is "Applications", during which the essence of the concept, its properties, and use in Russian are revealed. As a special kind of definition, applications can also be consistent or inconsistent. In addition, you will get to know how applications stand out in written speech.

Topic: Minor members of a sentence

2. Complete academic reference book edited by Lopatin ().

1. Highlight the defined words and applications, put a hyphen where necessary:

Mount Kazbek, Lake Baikal, Frost voevoda, design engineer, Anika warrior, self-taught artist, old watchman, Ivanushka the Fool, boletus mushroom, portrait painter, rhinoceros beetle, hermit crab, toolmaker, woman doctor, therapist, Moscow River, Mother Russia , poor peasant, poor peasant, floss threads, expert cook, expert cook, hero gunner, little orphan, old father, drunkard watchman, watchman drunkard, civil engineer, Moscow city, city of Moscow, Dumas son, pan officer, bomber plane, bird finch, comrade general, general Ivanov, rooster brawler, newspaper "Teacher", Lake Ritsa, village Krutovka, box houses.