Coastal pond plants. List of plants of the coastal zone, marsh plants suitable for growing in the Moscow region

And these are not necessarily ponds or pools, but simply sources of water supply used for irrigation. Not only decorative reservoirs, but also household containers with water supplies can be given a decorative look and then they will become elements of improvement.

To give the reservoir a decorative effect, increase the aesthetic value, completeness of the composition, its coastline can be decorated with herbaceous perennials.

For the design of the reservoir, plants that grow well in moist soils are suitable. But in addition to high humidity, the roots of coastal plants also need soil air. In other words, the soil for coastal plants should be moist, fertile and loose, well aerated.

If you select plants according to such requirements, then there is a very extensive group of perennial ornamental herbaceous plants: daylily, hosta, anemone, Thunberg's astilba, Japanese astilbe, aconite, Siberian iris, marsh forget-me-not, thin-leaved bergenia, heart-leaved maclaya, finger rhubarb. In addition, plants growing along the banks of natural reservoirs can also be used to decorate the coastal line of a reservoir: bathing suit, ferns, Ivan tea, creeping buttercup and many others. Coastal plants are easy to sort and choose the right height.

Aconite glomeruli (Aconitum napellus) - herbaceous, perennial plant, up to 1 meter tall, with carved, divided into 5-7 lobes, dark green leaves. Glomerular aconite is considered a poisonous plant. It blooms in July - August with purple, white or white-violet flowers, collected in loose racemose inflorescences.

Badan thin-leaved (Bergenia crassifolia) - a great plant for decorating the coastline of a reservoir. Growing bergenia.

Volzhanka dioecious (aruncus dioicus), or aruncus- perennial herbaceous plant, forms an ornamental shrub up to 1.5 meters high with a loose crown. The leaves are green, very openwork, twice or thrice pinnatisected. The flowers are white or cream, fragrant, collected in complex paniculate inflorescences.

Volzhanka dioecious reproduces by dividing the bush, root and stem cuttings. Prefers moist light fertile soils. Shade-tolerant, frost-resistant. Grows in one place for 7 years.

Highlander Sakhalin (fallopiaSachalinenses), or Sakhalin buckwheat- tall, up to 2-3 meters tall, perennial plant. Stems erect, rhizome creeping. The leaves are light green, broadly oval, very large. The flowers are creamy white, small, collected in paniculate inflorescences. Flowering period - August - September.

Highlander Sakhalin reproduces by seeds, root offspring, dividing the bush. Grows well on loose fertile moist soils. In one place grows up to 10 years. Shade-tolerant, frost-resistant.

Iris marsh, or iris yellow (Iris pseudoacorus) - is a strongly growing, dense bush with a height of 0.7-1.0 m tall. The leaves are green, xiphoid. The flowers are small, golden yellow. Flowering period - June - July.

Grows well in moist humus soils. Marsh iris is photophilous, but it also tolerates shading, and is frost-resistant. Propagated by division of the rhizome. In one place grows up to 6 years. There are variegated forms of marsh iris.

TWO-SOURCE REED, FALARIS - the most interesting variegated form. The leaves are linear, up to 2 cm wide, with white or cream stripes. Leaves and stems do not droop even during strong
frost, although they lose their color. Spikelets are collected in dense spicate panicles up to 20 cm long. Prefers moist or damp soil, but is drought tolerant. On fertile soils, variegation appears brighter, the plant becomes more spectacular, it is easier to endure the summer period. Winter-hardy without shelter.

HEADLEAD STRAIGHT or BRANCHING - plants 50-150 cm high with
creeping rhizome and erect branched stem. The leaves are long, narrow, triangular, covering the stem, similar to the leaves of irises. Blooms in June-August. The fruits are drupes with spongy pulp, collected in heads, looking like prickly green balls. The plant is decorative during fruiting.

IRIS MARSH, AIROID or YELLOW - in the wild, it is like As a rule, it grows in floodplains, along the banks of freshwater reservoirs, which are encountered along the path of its distribution. Marsh iris is a purely coastal plant, although it is capable of withstanding prolonged flooding with a temporary increase in the water level in a reservoir (planting in a reservoir to a depth of 30-40 cm is possible). When the soil dries out, the decorative effect of the iris decreases, especially if the decrease in humidity occurs during the flowering period. Its variegated form is interesting. a photo.

Marsh marigold is a perennial plant that forms loose bushes up to
40 cm tall. The leaves are leathery, dense, shiny, light green, rounded. After flowering, the leaves darken and grow strongly. The flowers are golden yellow, up to 4.5 cm in diameter. Blooms from the end of April for about 20 days. Prefers highly moist places, can grow in dry places with abundant watering. Its garden forms are very attractive - with double flowers of pale yellow and white color.

REED- for cultivation in decorative ponds and reservoirs of the Moscow region, two species and their varieties are most interesting -
Lake reed (perennial plants 1 - 2.5 m tall. Stems are cylindrical, with scaly leaves. It blooms in late spring - early summer. It is usually recommended to grow variegated forms in an ornamental pond) and Tabernemontana Reed, Zebrinus form (with yellowish-white stripes across the stem).

Forget-me-not swamp - grows along streams, the outskirts of swamps, the banks of reservoirs in the western regions of the European part of Russia. Perennial plant with a short life cycle. The flowers are pale blue, relatively large (up to 1.2 cm in diameter), at first in dense curls, which are drawn out as they bloom abundantly and for a long time from May to autumn, due to constant shoot formation. Faded shoots die off.
SEDGE- these plants require rich, moist or moist soils in full sun
or in partial shade. There are a great many sedges, both domestic and imported, from the point of view of the gardener, they can be divided into two groups:
tussock-forming. They have very short rhizomes and form dense, clear tussocks. High sedge and its varieties, soddy sedge, fox sedge, drooping sedge, sedge sedge.
Sprawling. They have long rhizomes, from which bunches of leaves extend. They form dense or loose clumps. More difficult to handle because they require constant monitoring.
coastal sedge and its varieties and forms, water sedge, pointed sedge, nosed sedge, sharp sedge, blister sedge, black sedge.
cattail- the most common aquatic plant in Europe. perennials
shallow waters with thick, creeping, branched, starch-rich rhizomes. The flowers are very small, unisexual, in dense brown spike-shaped inflorescences (sultans), the upper part of which consists of staminate flowers, the lower part of pistillate. There is no perianth.
Suitable for cultivation in ornamental reservoirs of the Moscow region are cattail cattail, broad-leaved cattail, or reed, small cattail, graceful cattail.

SITNIK - a plant widely distributed in damp and swampy places from
arctic deserts to the tropics, but mainly in the northern hemisphere. In Russia - more than 80 species. Many species are suitable for ornamental culture in damp places, but are rarely cultivated, mainly in botanical gardens - Sitnik divergent, Sitnik mechelifolny, Sitnik filiform, Sitnik crowded.

ARROW LEAF - very original plant - underwater
leaves are linear, floating, with a heart-shaped plate. air leaves
erect, sagittate-triangular. Depending on the habitat conditions, mainly on the depth of the reservoir, the arrowhead develops leaves of three different forms.

On the shore or in shallow water near the arrowhead grow surface leaves, the shape of which gave the plant its name. Such shallow arrowheads usually bloom in July. The flowers have three white petals with a crimson speck and three sepals. The flowers are pollinated by insects flying over water. A plant that has settled at a depth has yellow-green leaves, translucent, similar to narrow silk ribbons. Plants with such leaves never bloom. Sometimes the arrowhead appears floating leaves of a rounded shape with an arrow-shaped base and with long petioles. The leaves of all three species are almost never found on one plant at once. Its terry form is very interesting.

SUSAK UMBRELLA - a large perennial growing at a depth of 0.1 to 1 m in slowly flowing and stagnant waters. This tall and beautiful plant can be found not only in the shallow waters of lakes, ponds, rivers, but also in swampy meadows, where the soil does not dry out all summer. The leaves are narrow, basal, flat, triangular at the base, 25-100 cm long and up to 1 cm wide, longer and thinner in running water. Peduncles without leaves, inflorescence - an umbrella of pink flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Susak inflorescence can have more than two dozen flowers, and they do not bloom at the same time. In each umbrella there are buds, and just opened, and already wilted flowers. In the center of the flower are bright crimson pistils and stamens. During flowering it is very decorative. Blooms in June-August.

ORDINARY REED - a perennial plant 1 - 4 m high, with
long and thick, creeping rhizomes. Forms thickets in damp places and along the banks of water bodies. Stems erect, with numerous nodes. The thickness of the hollow stem can reach two centimeters. The straight stem after flowering becomes almost woody. The leaves of the reed are grayish-green, hard, elongated, wide. The inflorescence is a large panicle 8-40 cm long, dense, with many separate small spikelets. Blooms in July-August.

PLANTAINE PARTS - used for decorating damp shores and shallow water areas. A very good plant for a large pond, but keep in mind that its seeds germinate quickly and can clog the pond, so wilted flowers should be removed in time.

According to the site ONEGO.RU

Having built a reservoir in the garden, it looks boring and lifeless. It is urgent to populate the reservoir with plants, plant perennials, lush cereals and ornamental shrubs along the banks. A pond needs a decent decorative frame. Coastal plants are a prerequisite for the normal existence of a pond. Plants slightly cover the surface of the reservoir, preventing the water from overheating and “blooming”.

The coastal zone of the reservoir and stream is heterogeneous. Plants are planted near the reservoir, which are characteristic of swamps, wet and even dry places. In addition to humidity, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the soil, and the illumination regime of the site.

Daylilies are especially good in the coastal zone, where they form a beautiful curtain.

Ornamental plants can be planted near shallow water, for example: calla, calamus, calla, marigold, susak, Siberian irises, sedge, arrowhead, cattail and reeds.

The choice of marsh plants is very large - astilba, volzhanka, meadowsweet, gravel. A variety of daylilies, hostas, irises, and ferns are delightful in the swampy zone. Here is a place for powerful plants such as buzulnik, gunnera and rhubarb. Effective ferns.

The order of placement of coastal plants is by shape and color contrast. For example, slender swamp iris swords emphasize the delicate openwork of fern leaves. Delightful yellow bathing suit flowers will brighten the most shady corner of any pond.

When planting plants near a pond, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of marsh and coastal plants. The roots of shallow perennial plants are located in the soil under water no more than 40 cm, and the rest of the shoots are above water. These plants are unpretentious, they develop well not only in the coastal zone of the reservoir, but also in a miniature reservoir. With good humidity, shallow water plants can grow in wetlands and coastal areas, planted a few centimeters above the water level.

In marsh plants, the roots and leaves rise above the surface of the water. Almost all marsh plants can tolerate flooding. If the roots reach the water, nothing will happen to the plants of this group.

Too many perennials in the coastal zone do not need to be planted. The first years the view of the reservoir will be a little modest, but after a year the plants will grow and turn your pond into a real jungle.

Coastal plants are planted in groups, placing the lowest ones to the reservoir. Large plants, like the gunner, are only suitable for planting on the shore of a large reservoir. A fashionable element in the design of the reservoir is a weeping willow grafted onto a trunk. But when planting a willow, remember that the shadow should not cover the mirror of your pond. In the shade of a tree, you can arrange a composition of hosta, ferns and other shady plants.

What to plant in a pond? This question torments many novice gardeners and flower growers. We have compiled the TOP 10 ornamental plants for you: this is a list of easy-to-care, ornamental and unpretentious plants for an ornamental pond. They are easy to plant, easy to grow, and just so pretty.

A large, but heavily overgrown reservoir seems smaller, and a small one, but with reasonably organized plantings on its banks, appears larger. When choosing another water lily, do not forget that aquatic plants develop very quickly and are able to completely cover the surface of the water with leaves in two or three years.

1. Water lily, or nymphea

The undisputed leader among aquatic plants. The number of varieties and species is in the tens. Varieties are divided into groups by size (from dwarf to large), differ in the color of flowers (white, yellow, lilac, burgundy, orange) and leaves (from olive to purple).

What do water lilies need or features of growing nymphs

The bottom of the reservoir is about 1.5 m. In order for the water lily not to die in winter, its rhizome must be in a non-freezing layer. If you have an artificial reservoir, transfer the plant to a room where the temperature does not drop below 0 ° C for the winter.
The brightest place. A place protected from splashing water - away from fountains and waterfalls.

For planting in small decorative ponds, including container type, opt for dwarf nymphs with a flower diameter of 5-15 cm, they are planted at a depth of 0.1-0.5 m. Dwarf varieties are commercially available. Their names usually include the prefix Pygmaea.

nymphaeum in a decorative pond

2. Pontederia

Beautifully flowering coastal plant with fairly large shiny leaves. Blooms blue (Pontederia varieties Spoonriver, Blue, Gray Thunder - flowers are blue), pink ( pink pons ) or white ( white pike ) flowers. Blooms from early summer to mid-autumn.

Growing pontederia

Pontederia prefers a sunny location in shallow water, resistant to temperatures down to -15 °C. Pontederia propagates by dividing rhizomes in early spring or by seeds in late summer. For the winter, containers are recommended to be removed, but many lovers leave it in the pond, where it winters beautifully.

Pontederia and Nymphaeum in the pond

3. Eichornia, or water hyacinth

Perennial tropical plant with floating and submerged leaves. Grows in open water from June to August. It does not tolerate cold snap, so you should not move it to a street reservoir before June. Sunny location preferred. For the winter, several young eichornia rosettes are transferred to an aquarium in a warm and bright room.

water hyacinth or eichornia in a pond with nymphs

4. Pistia, water lettuce, or water rose

This is an aquatic tropical plant with pubescent light green leaves, which can be planted in an open decorative pond for the summer. Pistia roots hang down 0.3 m below the water surface. Under favorable conditions in August-September blooms with small flowers. The optimum water temperature is +24…+30 °C. For the winter, they are transferred to an aquarium with a water temperature of at least +15 ° C and good lighting.

pistia with nymphs in the pond

5. Canadian Elodea

A beautiful plant, not only purifies the water, but also serves as a refuge for the numerous inhabitants of the pond. At the same time, it grows so fast that it can clog the reservoir.

canadian elodea

6. Pod floating

It also has a tendency to over-reproduce. In small reservoirs, it is easier to limit its growth. Blooms in June - July. Candles of inflorescences, towering over a floating carpet of leaves, look very interesting.

Pod floating

7. Chilim floating, or flyer

In late May - early June, chilim blooms with white flowers. In favorable conditions, chilim can flood large areas.

Chilim floating, or rogulnik

8. Vodokras ordinary

It is especially good in a small reservoir, where it is possible to examine its flowers close up. The leaves of this plant are very similar to the small leaves of water lilies.

Vodokras ordinary

9. Yellow pod

It differs from the water lily only in flowers: in the capsule they are intense yellow, smaller, and the petals are rounded. The capsule grows strongly, so it is worth planting it only in large reservoirs.

Yellow capsule

10. Arrowhead

A plant with three kinds of leaves. It can grow at a depth of up to 5 m, however, in this case it does not bloom. If you plant an arrowhead closer to the shore, it will give pink flowers. The plant also has a terry form with large white flowers.

If there is a reservoir on the site, then it will be useful to decorate it with aquatic plants to give a special atmosphere. Now there are a lot of crops that can be planted both in the pond itself and in the coastal zone, so it is important to figure out which ones are suitable for what. In this article, we will talk about how to decorate a decorative pond in a suburban area with plants and which ones to choose.

Plant Selection Criteria

Plants in the pond are not only a decorative element, but also an integral part of the ecological system, which allows you to keep it in balance. In stagnant water bodies, for example, it is important to have higher plants that can purify the water and prevent it from clouding and blooming.

These processes occur especially rapidly in warm weather, when bacteria multiply extremely rapidly and can quickly turn a reservoir unsuitable for use.

When choosing representatives of the flora for the pond, it is important to take into account the shape and depth of the reservoir, as well as the landscape surrounding it. For a suburban area, unpretentious plants that do not need regular care are best suited.

When landscaping aquatic type, the following features are taken into account:

1. The ability of pond plants to survive the winter months in both water and soil.
2. The timing and options for planting, as well as the time until the vegetation will delight with a full-fledged appearance.
3. Description of cultural care.

If the pond is designed in such a way that it has an angle from which it can be enjoyed, then it is important to plant the vegetation in such a way that it does not cover the pond itself. If there is a recreation area near the water, then it is made out only by undersized crops. For a pond of 4 square meters, the following plants can be used in various combinations: reeds, reeds, angelica or rhubarb. Very small ponds need a simple design with the help of calamus, daylily, ditty or arrowhead.

Variety of cultures for the pond

All plants that are aquatic can grow not only in natural conditions, but also in artificially created ones. There are many of them and almost all are suitable for decorating a reservoir in a suburban area. It is only important to choose the right representatives of the flora and correctly combine them with each other.

Advice! If the plans did not include the purchase of plants for the pond, then it is quite possible to bring them from the nearest wetland. Such cultures will even better take root in a familiar climate.

floating plants

A distinctive feature of such crops is that they are not fixed by the root system in the ground and due to this they can float over the entire surface of the pond. Thanks to such vegetation, the “blooming” of water is prevented, and the pond itself is protected from overheating.

Since floating pond plants grow very quickly, they need timely care, which includes mandatory pruning and removal of unnecessary shoots.

Advice! For ease of cultivation, plants can be placed in a special floating basket.

coastal cultures

When decorating ponds, such perennials are very popular. In order for the pond to look neat and attractive, the vegetation must be correctly combined with each other. If everything is done as it should, then the resulting composition will be the link between water and land.

Various crops related to cereals, as well as irises and daylilies, valerian, loosestrife, bathing suits, and meadowsweet look very vivid and concise near the water. Incredible elegance is distinguished by all varieties of ferns.

swamp vegetation

Many plants of this group will be an excellent option for decorating a pond, as they are unpretentious. In order for them not to grow extremely violently, you need to periodically seat and cut them.

To improve the quality of water in an artificial reservoir on the site, its timely cleaning is important. The swamp forget-me-not, the siryanka, the head burr, the Magellanic sedge, and the marsh violet do an excellent job with this task.

oxygen generators

These pond-friendly plants are crops whose flowers are on the surface, and the rest in the water column. They prevent various pollution, and also, if fish are bred in the pond, they will be an excellent place for their spawning.

The foliage that is under water has the property of absorbing mineral salts and carbon dioxide, which is especially important in the spring and summer to improve water quality.

Deep water varieties

Such plants are long shoots, the roots of which are in the bottom soil, the stem and foliage in the water column, and the flowers on the surface. They are planted in a pond not only for beauty, but also to prevent the uncontrolled reproduction of bacteria and algae. Most often, water lilies, water-colors, eichornia, duckweed, hornwort or marsh flower are used in artificial reservoirs.

Planting and caring for vegetation in the pond

Plants in the pond and around it are planted only when the structure is completely completed and filled with water. At the same time, it is important that the water settles for at least 10 days. Moisture-loving crops are planted in early summer. Depending on the type of plant, it is located directly in the pond or near it. Deep-sea cultures are planted at the bottom of the pond, and it is better to do this in pots with holes all over the surface so that the roots do not rot in the future. It is much easier to care for crops in pots, or rather, transfer them to a warm place for wintering, move them as needed.

Be sure to make sure that the soil in the baskets and pots is protected from erosion and turbidity does not rise from it. To do this, already installed pots with plants are covered with a layer of burlap, on which there are small pebbles.

Regardless of the type of pond plant, it is important to remove all old leaves and long roots before planting. In advance, it is necessary to clarify at what depth in the soil the roots of the plant should be. Crops are planted not close to each other, but so that each shoot has enough space and light for normal growth.

Advice! It is best not to specifically plant a plant such as duckweed, as it grows very quickly and can take up all the space that no body of water can decorate.

We take care of the plants

It is not enough just to plant plants in and around the pond. To enjoy a beautiful view, it is necessary to properly care for everything that has been planted. It consists in constant thinning, during which old, dead and too tall shoots and leaves are removed.

As for wintering, those water plants that grow in this climate can be left in the pond, as this is their usual environment and they are ready for such conditions. But exotic crops from the pond will have to be moved to a warm place. An aquarium or bath is suitable as a reservoir for them, but only located indoors. Previously, before immersing in a new place, the roots of such plants are cut off. It is important to remember that it is necessary to maintain sufficient illumination in the room, due to which the representatives of the flora will not wither away.

Plant options according to the shape of the pond

Depending on the configuration of the artificial reservoir, various types of plants can be offered:

Conclusion

Decorating a pond with plants is a kind of process in which it is important to focus not only on the external beauty and the result, but also on the combination of plants. If everything is done according to the rules, then you can get the original design of an artificial reservoir that will decorate the site.