Rules of conduct in society: what distinguishes a well-mannered person? Rules and norms of behavior in society - Hypermarket of knowledge.

unlike the original ones, these are the norms of direct regulation of people's behavior, social relations. They indicate the mutual rights and obligations of the subjects, the conditions for the implementation of these rights and obligations, the types and extent of the state's reaction to offenders.
A specific feature of a directly regulatory legal norm is its representative and binding nature, according to which it establishes mutual subjective rights and legal obligations protected and guaranteed by the state for the participants in public relations (subjects). As a result of such a purposeful regulatory impact of a norm - a rule of conduct on one or another actual social relation, the latter acquires the character of a legal one, and its participants become subjects of this legal relationship.
In the norms - rules of conduct, the original legal norms receive logical development and detail.
Norms - rules of conduct are thoroughly studied in legal science. The definition of a legal norm and its theory as a whole, until recently, focused exclusively on norms - rules of conduct, leaving out of sight many other types of normative prescriptions related to the original, starting norms.
In the legal literature, norms - rules of conduct are sometimes divided, taking into account their purpose, into regulatory and protective ones. Without objecting in principle to such a division, emphasizing the functional orientation of the relevant norms, we note, following some other authors, the conditionality of this classification, because protection is one of the methods of regulation, as a result of which the same norm can be simultaneously called regulatory, and protective.
General and special rules. They differ in their degree of generality and scope. General norms are prescriptions that cover, as a rule, all legal institutions of a particular branch (criminal law norms on probation, suspension of sentence execution, civil law norms on limitation of actions, etc.). These norms are grouped into a common part of the industry and regulate generic objects. Unlike them, special norms are prescriptions that relate to the starting institutions of a particular branch of law and regulate any particular type of generic social relations, taking into account their inherent features. Special norms detail general prescriptions, correct the temporal and spatial conditions of their implementation, ways of legal influence on the behavior of the individual. In doing so, they ensure the smooth and consistent implementation of the general rules of law. Special norms form in their totality a special part of a particular branch of law. An example of special rules are: the rules of sale, donation, contract, capital construction and other transactions in civil law; norms providing for responsibility for hooliganism, robbery, theft and other elements of crimes in criminal law, etc.
2. On the subject of legal regulation (by branches of law) ". norms of state, administrative, financial, land, civil, labor, criminal and other branches of Russian law. Qualitative homogeneity and relative autonomy of certain social relations determine the peculiarity and certain isolation of those regulating them legal norms, which in their totality constitute a branch of law.
Industry standards are divided into substantive and procedural.

What are the rules of etiquette

The concept comes from the French word "etiquette", which means a set of generally accepted rules of conduct, knowledge of the basics of politeness. There are several main types of etiquette:

the ability to present oneself: wardrobe formation, appearance care, physical form, gestures, postures, posture;
speech form: the ability to say compliments, greetings, thanks, manner of speech;
table etiquette: the ability to eat, knowledge of serving standards, table manners;
behavior in society: how to behave in the office, shop, exhibition, museum, restaurant, theater, court;
business etiquette: relationships with superiors, colleagues, business negotiations.

Good manners for men

If a representative of the stronger sex has a reputation in society, he will always observe moderation in clothes. Shorts and T-shirts are appropriate for a family dinner or during a country holiday. For informal occasions, sporty or dressy attire is fine, while business meetings require a tie and jacket. As for good manners, a well-mannered man will not make it difficult to nod politely in response to the greeting of even an unfamiliar person. How to communicate with a woman, superiors, relatives will be discussed below.

Modern etiquette for women

The first rule for a woman is tact in all situations. Etiquette lessons involve being respectful with everyone, whether it's a neighbor, business partner, or stairwell cleaner. If a woman loves to joke, then it should be clearly defined in which situation you can allow a joke, and with whom you need to be serious. It is necessary to observe the culture of communication with the opposite sex. You should not flirt, flirt and make eyes with unfamiliar men and acquaintances - this is a violation of etiquette. Politeness involves simple communication without intrigue, gossip and rumors.

Etiquette for children

Rules of conduct in society exist for children. The further success, career, environment will depend on the knowledge that the child receives in childhood. The simplest methods of mastering the rules of etiquette are reading fairy tales, watching cartoons, using board games on this topic, and singing songs. The basic rule of courtesy for a child is respect for all adults, children, and animals without exception. From this, everything else flows smoothly.

How to behave in society

Basic code of etiquette for men and women:

Do not come to visit without a call. Only if you are visited without warning, you can afford to meet a person in home clothes.
Do not place your bag on a chair or on your lap. The voluminous backpack can be hung on the back of a chair. A purse or a small handbag is placed on the table, and if a man carries a briefcase, then it must be left on the floor.
When meeting, say your name first if you have to communicate with a group of people. Only the right hand should be served.
In the car, the passenger needs to sit in the back seat. The most prestigious place is considered to be located behind the driver.

In dealing with people

A typical day for a modern person includes many situations in which the culture of behavior and demeanor is tested: communication in stores, on public transport, meeting colleagues, rules of speech etiquette at official receptions, and so on. As for the first meeting with a person, the impression is created by how well the interlocutor knows how to introduce himself. In everyday etiquette, the younger ones or men are the first to get acquainted. To make a good impression, you should always start communication with a smile.

How should a girl behave with a guy?

Modern etiquette for girls provides knowledge of the elementary rules of behavior with the opposite sex. At the first meeting with a man, you should not throw yourself on his neck, it would be appropriate to just reach out. On a date, you need to behave easily and naturally, joke and smile, but not be offended. You can’t not tell a man about your shortcomings or unsuccessful relationship experiences at the first meeting. There is no need to shout about the merits either, you can point out them, but in passing.

Basics of etiquette

The rules of cultural behavior are simple: a culture of speech that has a stylistic and grammatical orientation, a well-groomed appearance, attentiveness to the interlocutor, the ability to render a service to the needy, to listen to the speaker. The norm of acquaintance and subsequent communication is conditional, therefore, it has the character of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted and what is not. Every cultured person must know and follow the rules of etiquette, understanding their necessity for society.

Good manners

An educated person is immediately distinguished from the crowd. He is distinguished by his knowledge of etiquette and a certain manner of behavior: intonation of the voice, expressions used in speech, gait, facial expressions, gestures. This is restraint, modesty, the ability to control emotions, actions, words. To meet the concept of a secular educated person, you need to know and follow certain rules that are considered mandatory in a decent society:

greeting, the woman is the first to give a hand to the man;
men greet everyone standing without exception;
when introducing a guest to other people (when meeting), they call his name, surname, patronymic (during business communication - profession);
guests do not bring a bad mood, and if there are negative emotions, then the visit should be abandoned;
children should not be allowed to interfere in the conversation of adults, interrupt elders, whisper in your ear;
strange children in the presence of their parents do not make remarks;
when making gifts to people, one should observe tact, taking into account gender, age, and profession.

The ability to dress

The rules of etiquette oblige not only to know the correct manner of greeting acquaintances and strangers, to be able to maintain small talk and adhere to decorum in behavior, but also to wear clothes appropriate for the occasion. Nothing catches the eye like colorful things. The category of things inappropriate for a man includes embroidered shirts, vulgar suits, too bright ties. Business attire should be moderately fashionable. In the morning it is allowed to wear a jacket, frock coat or jacket pair. The color should correspond to the season: light in summer, dark in winter.

The ability to dress with taste is the first sign of a woman's upbringing. The encyclopedia of etiquette contains a circle of rules related to dress, the observance of which distinguishes a real lady. Women's clothing should be appropriate for the nature of the work. An image acceptable for a fashion house would be unacceptable for a brokerage. A business lady for a business lunch or a conference will not fit a too short skirt or a low-cut blouse. If the meeting will be at a resort hotel or club, you need to take several outfits that will be suitable for different situations.

How to Present Yourself

A few more common etiquette rules:

you need to walk with a straight posture, a tucked up stomach and straightened shoulders;
communication norms regarding greetings include polite words, but they are not always correct, for example, “good afternoon” should not be said to a person with an upset face;
even unfamiliar men should help the ladies enter the premises, holding the front door;
the word "please" should sound at any request;
before saying goodbye to the interlocutor, you should first prepare for this: “unfortunately, it’s too late,” and then say words of gratitude or a compliment (if this is a woman).

Communication etiquette rules

The rules of etiquette must be observed when communicating between women and men. The male representative should follow to the left of the companion and be the first to enter the restaurant. If the lady greets acquaintances, the gentleman should also greet them, even if the people are unfamiliar to him. Without the woman's approval, a man has no right to touch her. It is allowed only in moments of assistance (getting into a car, crossing the road). Smoking in the presence of another person, regardless of gender, is possible only with the permission of the interlocutor.

There are certain rules of speech behavior. So, if you are insulted in the presence of other people, you should not succumb to provocations. Get up and leave the scene. You can not ask the interlocutor for information about his material well-being, love affairs and other personal things. If you invite a business partner to a meeting, do not forget about punctuality. Special respect should be shown to people who showed generosity or came to your aid in difficult times - they were not obliged to do this.

conversational etiquette

Rules of courtesy exist in any conversation. Speech behavior is divided into written and oral forms, with the former having more stringent rules. There are several types of conversations: business, official, informal. The oral form has simpler rules, for example, instead of a verbal greeting, you can get by with a nod of the head. The ability to conduct a polite speech is to tell the interlocutor only those things that he himself would like to hear. The basic principles of conversation are correctness, brevity, accuracy, relevance.

How to communicate with an interlocutor on the phone

Compliance with the rules of network etiquette should also be during communication on the phone. During the conversation, you need to carefully monitor the intonation, since the interlocutor does not see your face and may misunderstand the meaning of the message. You should not make the caller wait, the maximum time for picking up the handset reaches six beeps. There is no need to rush to the phone either - it is better to answer after the third beep. It is customary to call the interlocutor by name, if he is familiar. If not, please introduce yourself first.

Good manners and business etiquette

The basic rules of conduct include the rules of business communication. But not only the speech component is important in contact with partners, body language also plays an important role. For example, when talking, do not spread your legs wide, keep your hands in your pockets, or stoop. Excessive gestures are also not welcome - in order not to embarrass the interlocutor, gestures should be restrained. Pay attention to the person's personal space - the distance should be no less than the size of an outstretched arm.

Rules of house etiquette

Family members should especially be polite to each other. In order to maintain warm relations, one must constantly monitor the psychological climate, sincerely rejoice at the successes of loved ones, not switch to insults during quarrels, use the words “sorry”, “thank you”, “good morning” and others for communication. It is necessary to respect the older generation and not read the personal records of your children without permission.

How to behave at the table

The main rule of conduct at the table is not to chew with your mouth open. Talking is also undesirable, especially when food is being chewed. Before putting a part of a common dish on your plate, you must first offer it to the rest of those present. You should not serve your own plate first, but give guests or older family members the opportunity to do it. When setting the table, common cutlery is placed next to each dish. Soup must be served in special bowls from the seated person on the right.

Away etiquette

Accepting friends and visiting them as guests is a good practice of etiquette form of dating. Dinner is considered the best time for a reception, but people must be invited in advance so that they can adjust their plans. Dress code may be informal. According to etiquette, an unfamiliar guest is called all those present by name only after his own introduction. In a friendly company, you can skip serving the main course, but at a business dinner, this is unacceptable. It is important to be able to use cutlery of different types, even if the owners of other national traditions.

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Communication of civilized people is impossible without ethical principles, norms and rules. Without having or not observing them, people would take care only of their own interests, would not notice anyone and nothing around, thereby losing their relationship with others. Ethical norms and behavioral rules contribute to the cohesion and unification of society.

What it is?

Ethics is a set of rules that determine the degree of adequacy of behavior during any interaction with another person. Ethical norms, in turn, just represent the norms, thanks to which human contacts become pleasant for everyone. Of course, if you don't follow etiquette, you won't go to jail, and you won't have to pay a fine, because the justice system doesn't work. But censure of others can also become a kind of punishment, acting from the moral side.

Work, school, university, shop, public transport, home - in all these places there is an interaction with at least one person or more. In this case, the following methods of communication are usually used:

facial expressions;
movement;
colloquial speech.

Each of the actions is evaluated by strangers, even if they are not related to what is happening. The main thing is to understand that you cannot purposefully insult, humiliate and be rude to others, as well as cause them pain, especially physical pain.

Kinds

Ethical norms of communication are conditionally divided into two types: mandatory and recommended. The first moral principle forbids harming people. Contraindicated actions during communication - the creation of negative energy and similar feelings in the interlocutor.

In order not to create prerequisites for conflict, one should restrain negative emotions and understand that Each person has a personal opinion, and legal norms do not prohibit expressing it. This attitude should apply to all people, and especially teenagers who are prone to excessive emotional outbursts in a dispute or quarrel.

At the same time, communication motives are the determining factor; they can also be divided into several types.

Positive: in this case, a person tries to make the interlocutor happier, respect him, show love, understanding, create interest.
Neutral: here there is only information transfer of one person to another, for example, during work or other activities.
Negative: indignation, anger and other similar feelings - all this is acceptable if you have to face injustice. However, it is important to control oneself so that such motives do not turn into illegal actions.

Even the last point relates to ethics, like the rest, because all of the above is based on the motives of high morality. It is a completely different matter when a person is guided by base motives, wanting to commit deceit, revenge, or deliberately deprive someone of a good mood. This behavior is contrary to ethics, although it may have some exceptions.

Of course, general ethical principles apply to every person, no matter who he is, but the so-called business world has managed to create its own rules of communication, which must also be observed while in the appropriate environment. In fact, they differ only in the presence of a constant formality. These rules sound very accessible.

There is no absolute truth even in morality, and it is the highest human judge.
If you want to change the world, start with yourself. Praising others, find claims in your direction. Forgiving the misdeeds of others, always punish yourself.
It depends only on the person himself how he will be treated.

develop special ethical standards;
create personal ethics commissions;
properly train employees and instill in them respect for ethical standards and for each other.

Thanks to such decisions, a certain therapeutic effect is created for the entire team, helping to create or improve a moral atmosphere, increase loyalty and not forget about morality. The reputation of the firm will also improve.

Basic Rules

The concept of "ethics" and its rules should be known to all self-respecting people. Moreover, the basics of good tone are quite simple - remembering and observing them will not be difficult.

Communication in one's own home with relatives can be of any character acceptable to a particular family, however, when entering society, behavior with other people must comply with generally accepted standards. Many adhere to the statement that there is only one opportunity to make a proper impression on a stranger, and this is remembered with each new acquaintance. In order for everything to go well, it is important not to forget about the implementation of a few simple rules.

It doesn't matter if it's in a fun company or at an official event, strangers should first be introduced to each other.
Names are a very important detail, so you need to try to remember each one.
When a man and a woman meet, the representative of the stronger sex, as a rule, begins to speak first, but there may be an exception if he is a famous person or there is a business meeting.

Seeing a significant age difference, the younger should introduce himself to the older one first.
If possible, you should rise when an acquaintance occurs.
When the acquaintance has already taken place, the one who is higher in rank or position in society or the older person continues the interaction. A different alignment is possible when an awkward silence occurs.
If you had to sit down with strangers at the same table, it is necessary to make an acquaintance with those sitting nearby before the start of the meal.
When shaking hands, the gaze should be directed into the eyes of the person opposite.
The palm for the handshake is extended in a vertical position with the edge down. This gesture shows that the interlocutors are equal.
Gestures are as important a component of communication as words, so you need to follow them.
Shaking hands with a glove is not worth it, it is better to take it off even on the street. However, women do not have to do this.
After a meeting and greeting, they usually find out how the interlocutor is doing, or how he is doing.
The content of the conversation should not touch on topics, the discussion of which will cause discomfort to one of the parties.

Opinions, values, and tastes are personal things and should either not be discussed at all, or done with care so as not to hurt anyone's feelings.
If you want to show your personality from the best side, you cannot praise yourself, otherwise you will achieve the opposite result, since boasting is not encouraged.
The tone of conversation should always remain as polite as possible. The interlocutor, most likely, is not to blame for the problems of personal relationships of another person, and a gloomy look will only repel and upset him.
If the place of action is a company of three or more people, then you should not whisper with someone.
After the end of the conversation, it is important to say goodbye competently and culturally in order to prevent an unforgivable violation.

Not only adults, but also children, from a conscious age, should know the listed rules that regulate their behavior in the future. To regulate ethics and good manners for your child means to raise him as a worthy person who will be accepted into society. However, you should not only tell the kids how to behave with other people. It is much more important to show this by example, which serves as proof of correct behavior.

Aggression — motivated behavior that is contrary to the norms and rules of the coexistence of people in society, causing harm to the objects of attack (animate and inanimate), causing physical damage to people or causing them psychological discomfort (negative experiences, a state of tension, fear, depression, etc.)(Chernova G.R., 2005).

Addressee of influence - one of the partners to whom the attempt to influence is directed.

Altruism -a motive for helping someone that is not consciously connected with one's own selfish interests(Myers D., 1997).

Anomie – this is a state of disorganization of the personality, resulting from its disorientation

Attraction -a special form of perception and cognition of another person, based on the formation of a stable positive feeling towards him.

Autism- this is a complex, sometimes painful state of the personality, expressed in its excessive self-absorption, in avoiding contacts with others, in alienation, in immersion in the world of one's own experiences.

autisma personality trait that manifests itself in the norm and is not related to the field of psychopathology.

Relationship barriers occur when negative feelings and emotions interfere with the interaction. It is possible to distinguish barriers of fear, disgust, disgust, etc.

Verbal communicationdetermines the content of verbal action and uses human speech as a sign system: natural sound language and written speech.

Extra-situational-personal form (4-6.7 years) - communication unfolding against the background of the child's theoretical and practical knowledge of the social world.

Extra-situational-cognitive form (3-4 years) - communication unfolding against the background of the joint with adults and independent activities of the child to get acquainted with the physical world.

Intra-group favoritism is the tendency to favor the social perception of members of one's own group in opposition to, and sometimes to the detriment of, members of another.

Suggestion - conscious or unconscious unreasoned impact on another person or group of people, aimed at changing their state, attitude towards something and predisposition to certain actions.

denotation- the meaning of the word, recognized by the majority of people in this linguistic community, the so-called lexical meaning of the word.

Destructive criticism - making disparaging or insulting judgments about a person's personality and / or rude aggressive judgment, defamation or ridicule of his deeds and actions.

Decentration - the ability and ability of a person to move away from his position and look at the partner and the situation of interaction as if from the outside, through the eyes of an outside observer.

Since this mechanism releases from emotional bias, it is one of the most effective in the process of getting to know another person.

Friendship, implies deep individually selective interpersonal relationships, characterized by mutual affection based on a feeling of sympathy and unconditional acceptance of the other.

Jargon - technical terminology or characteristic idioms used in special activities or narrow groups.

Shyness -this is a personality trait that occurs in a person who constantly experiences difficulties in certain situations of interpersonal informal communication and manifests itself in a state of neuropsychic tension, is characterized by a variety of disorders of vegetative, psychomotor, speech activity, emotional, volitional, thought processes and a number of specific changes in self-consciousness.

Infection - transfer of one's state or attitude to another person or group of people who somehow (not yet found an explanation) adopt this state or attitude.

Ignoring — actions indicating that the addressee deliberately does not notice or does not take into account the words, actions or feelings expressed by the addressee.

Identification - it is a way of understanding another person through consciously or unconsciously likening him to himself. This is the easiest way to understand another person (Bodalev A.A., 1982).

Identification - this is the ability and ability of a person to move away from his position, “to get out of his shell” and look at the situation through the eyes of a partner in interaction(Rean A.A., 2004).

AvoidanceThis is such a strategy of behavior, which is characterized by both the absence of a desire to satisfy the interests of another person, and the absence of a tendency to achieve one's own goals.

Personal image —perceived and transmitted image of a person, an emotionally colored stereotype of perception by the mass ordinary consciousness of someone or something, for example, the image of a political figure

Influencer - the one of the partners who first attempts to influence in any of the known (or unknown) ways.

Interaction - interaction.

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Are social norms of behavior necessary?

Home / USE essays 2017-2018 (“Man and Society”) / Are social norms of behavior necessary?

I believe that social norms of behavior are not just necessary, but necessary. After all, they control the population of our vast country. The rules may vary. These are also ethical standards, which, having come to a restaurant, will help to correctly and beautifully arrange the appliances, have dinner, and thereby show the top of education and knowledge of ethical standards. There are also legal norms that no one has the right to violate. Such violations are equated to crimes for which punishment already follows. Thanks to social norms, order reigns in our country, and people know how to behave appropriately.

Literary works describe situations in which characters go beyond the norms and the consequences of such actions. Or vice versa, living according to the unspoken laws of society, they step over their own opinion and desire, act as society tells them.

The theme of the relationship between society and man is raised in Turgenev's story "Mumu". This is a story about how Gerasim, against his will, drowned a dog that was his only friend. He committed such an act, because he could not go against the will of the landowner.

This example confirms precisely the fact that earlier the peasants had to unquestioningly follow all the instructions of their masters. These were social norms, and they held on with all their might to the work they were given. Even in this example, we can conclude that the norms were needed so that the peasants felt the power of the owners, and they did not have the thought of a free life. But, if Gerasim had violated the order of the landowner, he would have violated the already established norms of society. The peasants had neither freedom of speech nor their own opinion. Servants were even more respected in the house of masters. The sacrifice of his act is a sign of recognition of these cruel norms of that time.

Thus, norms are needed to maintain order, in a way, control over citizens.

The absence of these norms can lead to chaos, complete disorder in the country. No wonder there are legislative and legal documents in which the rules are prescribed.

There are also unspoken rules of a certain society, violating which, you can be excluded from it. When a person observes the norms and approaches this respectfully and consciously, then he has nothing to worry about and worry about. Society will share his interests and will not leave him aside from public affairs. Law-abiding citizens can sleep peacefully and be proud of their country!

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Norms of behavior in society

Since a person is a social being, then his full life outside the life of society is simply impossible. A person must reckon with the norms and forms of behavior that are established in society as a whole and in specific situations or in a particular society. Often what is unacceptable in one society can be afforded in another situation. But still, each person must form for himself the fundamental principles of behavior that will determine his life norm and line of behavior and thus shape his relationships with other people, and hence his success in life.

The norms of human behavior in society and in dealing with other people have been formed over the centuries. But these norms were not always the same. The social system, the social and estate division of the population changed, the customs in the society of the aristocracy, philistines, clergy, workers, peasants, intelligentsia, and military were different. At the same time, the behavior of young people and adults was different, the national and social traditions on which these norms of behavior were based were not the same. For representatives of the highest state, the aristocracy, there were fixed rules of conduct, ignorance or violation of which was considered a lack of education.

Also, often the norms of behavior of the corresponding state of society at different times were evaluated differently: at the time of their formation they were appropriate, and at another period of the development of society they were already considered inappropriate, testifying to the low culture of man.

When talking, people tend to get together. Either in a smaller or in a larger society, and these meetings of a larger number of people are mainly caused by something. The reason may be some personal or family event (birthday, angel day, weddings, anniversaries) or public (state and local holidays, celebrations of some historical event, etc.). The participants of such meetings are, as a rule, people who know each other well. But when a stranger first enters such a society, he must first of all introduce himself so that those present know about this person. Therefore, most often such a person in society is accompanied and recommended by the owner of the house or a person who knows society well. If there is no such person, then the stranger introduces himself: Dear, let me introduce myself. My name is (you should give your name, patronymic or surname), I am by profession ... (here you can indicate either a profession or a position, etc.).

Before entering the room, they usually take off their outerwear and hats in the dressing room, and women can leave their hats on. It is not considered obligatory to kick off the shoes, instead, they should be wiped well on the mat.

Back to Social norms

Human behavior, that is, the way of life and actions, depends not only on the character of a person, his habits, but also on how he follows certain rules and norms established by society. From childhood, we get acquainted with the rules of conduct, customs, traditions, values. Knowledge of norms and rules allows us to manage our behavior, to control it.

Norms indicate where and how we should behave. For men and women, for children and adults, their own rules of conduct have been developed.

The assimilation of norms and rules begins with children's games. Here everything happens as if for fun. However, when playing seriously, the child adheres to certain rules.

By joining the world of adults in a game situation, the rules of behavior and social norms are mastered.

The game is a way of learning the norms and rules of adult society. Games of "daughters-mothers", "doctor and patient" model the world of adults. In essence, in the hands of a child is not a mother doll or a doctor doll. They control adult beings, arranging them in such an order as they, children, consider correct, forcing them to say what they consider it necessary to say. Girls, playing "hospital", need to play the roles of a patient and a doctor, ask about health, prescribe medicine, take care of the patient and try to cure him.

Playing school, the participants of the game play the roles of a teacher, school director, student, parent. They require students to follow certain rules of conduct in the classroom, at recess, in the canteen, etc.

Through the game, a teenager enters the world of adults, where the main role is played by prohibitions and permissions, requirements, rules of conduct, customs and traditions, in a word, social norms. There are many types of social norms in society.

The word "custom" comes from everyday life. These are habitual forms of human behavior in everyday life. Habits are a set pattern of behavior in certain situations. Lifestyle is created by our habits. Habits arise from skills and are reinforced through repeated repetition. Such are the habits of brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, saying hello, closing the door behind you, etc. Most habits do not meet with either approval or condemnation from others. But there are so-called bad habits: talking loudly, reading at dinner, biting your nails. They testify to the bad manners of a person. Manners are the external forms of human behavior. They are based on habits and are judged positively or negatively by others. Manners distinguish educated people from ill-bred people. Good manners must be taught. Dress neatly, listen carefully to the interlocutor, be able to behave at the table - all these are the everyday manners of a well-mannered person. Separately, manners make up the elements, or features, of culture, and together they make up etiquette. Etiquette is a system of rules of conduct adopted in special social circles that make up a single whole. A special etiquette existed at the royal courts, in secular salons, diplomatic circles. Etiquette includes specific manners, norms, ceremonies and rituals.

Social norms are the rules established in a society that govern human behavior.

Customs are of great importance in the life of society. A custom is a traditionally established order of conduct. Customs are inherent in the broad masses of people. The customs of hospitality, the celebration of Christmas and the New Year, respect for elders and many others are treasured by the people as a collective property, as values. Customs are mass patterns of actions approved by society that are recommended to be performed. The behavior of a person who violates customs causes disapproval, censure.

If habits and customs pass from one generation to another, they turn into traditions. Tradition is everything that is inherited from predecessors.

Originally this word meant "tradition". Values, norms, patterns of behavior, ideas, tastes, and views also act as traditions. Meetings of former classmates, fellow soldiers, hoisting the national or ship flag can become traditional. Some traditions are performed in an ordinary, while others - in a festive, upbeat atmosphere. They belong to the cultural heritage, are surrounded by honor and respect, serve as a unifying principle.

Customs and traditions are accompanied by rituals. Rite is a set of actions established by custom. They express some religious ideas or everyday traditions. Rites are not limited to one social group, but apply to all segments of the population.

Rites accompany important moments of human life. They can be associated with the birth of a person, baptism, wedding, engagement. Rites accompany the entry of a person into a new field of activity: a military oath, initiation into students. Rituals such as burial, funeral service, commemoration are associated with the death of a person.

Morals are mass models of actions, especially protected, highly respected by society. They reflect the moral values of society, their violation is punished more severely than the violation of traditions. From the word "mores" comes "morality" - ethical norms, spiritual principles that determine the most important aspects of society. The Latin word moralis means "moral". Morals are customs that have moral significance, forms of human behavior that exist in a given society and can be subjected to moral assessment.

In all societies, it is considered immoral to insult elders, offend the weak, humiliate the disabled, use foul language. A special form of mores is taboo. Taboo is a system of prohibitions on any actions, words, objects. In ancient societies, the system of such prohibitions determined the rules of people's lives. In modern society, the desecration of national shrines, graves, monuments, insulting the feeling of patriotism, etc. is taboo.

Morality is based on a system of values.

Values are socially approved and shared by most people ideas about what goodness, justice, patriotism, citizenship are. They serve as a standard and an ideal for all people. For believers in society, there are religious norms - rules of conduct contained in the texts of sacred books or established by the church.

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Culture of behavior

Attitude towards a person largely depends on his behavior among others. It is no coincidence that the vast majority have a negative attitude towards boors, or arrogant personalities. Cultural people, on the contrary, are desirable in any society.

There are generally accepted norms of decency and rules of conduct, the observance of which is the key to successful communication. All these norms and rules can be combined under one term - the culture of human behavior.

Culture of behavior and personality

The concept of cultural behavior and ethics has existed for many centuries, and in our time has not lost its relevance. This concept includes the rules of behavior in society, the actions and forms of communication of people, which are based on morality, as well as the internal and external culture of a person. The norms of behavior are the determining factor in the correctness or incorrectness of a person's actions in society. First of all, the main factor of cultural behavior is upbringing, i.e. a person's willingness to comply with the norms of behavior, his goodwill and tact in relation to others. Ethics and culture of behavior is a kind of standard, a system of rules accepted in society. Etiquette is designed to serve people for everyday communication, being a set of polite intonations of colloquial speech.

The culture of communication and behavior is an ambiguous concept. Etiquette can always be realized in communication, but not all communication can be recognized as etiquette. Communication is much more than etiquette. In any cultural communication, partners can differ in gender, age, nationality, social status, as well as the degree of acquaintance and kinship. The culture of behavior is built according to these criteria. For example, the younger is obliged to listen to the elder, and not to interrupt him, and a man in the presence of a woman does not have the right to be rude. To some extent, ethics is a system of cultural containment to ensure a positive way of communication between unequal partners. The culture of behavior is almost always designed for two addressees - a partner and an audience. Thus, its rules and norms are distributed in two directions at once.

Rules of the culture of behavior

Rules and norms of cultural behavior begin long before two people have the opportunity to get to know each other. In most cases, people entering into communication remain unfamiliar with each other. But this does not prevent them from being polite and tactful.

The basic rules and norms of a culture of behavior are brought up in a person from childhood. However, if for some reason you have not been instilled with them, or you have forgotten some of them, follow the simplified and basic version of how to become a cultured person:

These simple rules will not only facilitate relationships with people, but also help you become a cultured person in the face of others, which is a rarity today.

etiquette, norms of behavior, interaction of people, competent socio-cultural space

Annotation:

One of the basic principles of life in a modern secular society is the maintenance of normal relations between people and the desire to avoid conflicts. In turn, respect and attention can be earned only with respect for courtesy and restraint. But in life you often have to deal with rudeness, harshness, disrespect for another person. The reason for this is that very often the basics of etiquette culture are ignored, which is part of the general secular culture, the foundations of which are attention and respect for others.

Article text:

A person throughout his life is in the socio-cultural space, where the rules of behavior play one of the main roles. These rules are called etiquette.

Etiquette (French - etiquette) is a set of rules of conduct adopted in society, establishing the order of secular behavior, which enables people to effortlessly use ready-made forms of decent behavior and generally accepted politeness for cultural communication among themselves at various levels of the structure of society, in light, while in the process of communication it is worthy to take into account the interests of others in their behavior.

The word etiquette itself has been used since the time of Louis XIV, at whose receptions guests were given cards listing the rules of conduct required of them. These cards are "labels" and gave the name to etiquette. In French, this word has two meanings: a label and a set of rules, a conditional order of conduct.

Understanding etiquette as a system of established mutual expectations, approved “models” and rules of secular communication between people, it should be recognized, however, that the real norms of behavior and ideas about “what should be done” change significantly over time. What was previously considered indecent may become generally accepted, and vice versa. Behavior that is unacceptable in one place and under one circumstance may be appropriate in another place and under other circumstances.

Of course, various peoples make their own corrections and additions to etiquette, due to the specifics of the historical development of their culture. Therefore, etiquette also reflects a specific system of national signs-symbols of communication, positive traditions, customs, rituals, rituals that correspond to the historically determined conditions of life and the moral and aesthetic needs of people.

Consideration of all aspects of etiquette is not possible, since etiquette passes through all spheres of public and private life of a person. In turn, we will focus on its most important norms such as tact, politeness, and sensitivity. Let's touch on such a thing as "inequality". Let's analyze the levels of behavior, the internal and external culture of a person. Let's highlight the rules of telephone communication. The last position was not chosen by chance, since the telephone currently occupies a leading position in communication, sometimes replacing interpersonal, and sometimes even intergroup communication.

In this regard, one of the most necessary norms and foundations of etiquette is politeness, which is manifested in many specific rules of conduct: in greeting, in addressing a person, in the ability to remember his name and patronymic, the most important dates of his life. True politeness is certainly benevolent, since it is one of the manifestations of sincere, disinterested benevolence towards people with whom one has to communicate.

Other important human qualities on which the rules of etiquette are based are tact and sensitivity. They imply attention, deep respect for those with whom we communicate, the desire and ability to understand them, to feel what can give them pleasure, joy, or, conversely, cause irritation, annoyance, resentment. Tact, sensitivity are manifested in a sense of proportion that should be observed in conversation, in personal and official relationships, in the ability to feel the boundary beyond which words and deeds can cause undeserved resentment, grief, pain in a person.

In addition to the basic principles of etiquette: politeness, tact, modesty, there are also general rules of secular behavior. These include, for example, the "inequality" of people in the field of etiquette, expressed, in particular, in the form of advantages that have:

women before men
older before younger
the sick before the healthy,
superior to subordinates.

The norms of etiquette - in contrast to the norms of morality - are conditional, they are in the nature of an unwritten agreement about what is generally accepted in people's behavior and what is not. The convention of etiquette in each case can be explained. Aimed at uniting people, it offers generally accepted forms, stereotypes of behavior, symbols of the manifestation of thoughts and feelings, which make it easier for people to understand each other.

At the same time, etiquette can also be considered as an aesthetic form of manifestation of moral, secular culture, since it is simultaneously directly related to morality, to the moral character of a person and to the aesthetic aspects of his behavior. Beautiful manners, beautiful behavior, beautiful gestures, postures, facial expressions, smile, look, i.e. what speaks about a person, his feelings and thoughts without words; speech addressed to elders, peers, younger at a meeting and parting, in anger and joy; the manner of moving, eating, wearing clothes and jewelry, celebrating sad and joyful events, receiving guests - a person should give all these types of communication not only a moral, but also an aesthetic character.

In any case, etiquette is an integral fragment of the structure of the socio-cultural matrix and is a significant part of modern secular behavior, although, of course, not all human behavior in general. In fact, it implies only the generally accepted rules and manners of human behavior in society in the places determined for this, where one can observe the external side of the actions of individuals, in which they manifest themselves like a kind of pre-learned game of the intellect.

Based on the current lifestyle of a modern person, his social relations and activities, it is easy to list all those conventions of secular behavior that are initially associated with generally recognized etiquette and determine its corresponding ethical and aesthetic norms. All of them should be studied and repeated, be well known to all citizens of the country. These norms apply to almost all aspects of life and life, as well as areas of human social activity, causing his behavior in the family, at a party, at school, at work, and in public places, on the roads, when he is a pedestrian and when he is a driver, in hotels, in parks, on the beach, on an airplane, at an airport, in a public toilet, etc. etc.

At the same time, it should be borne in mind that in most public places, citizens need only a simple knowledge of good manners and the ability to behave with restraint, culture and politeness, without attracting attention from other people and thereby not preventing them from being in your society.

At the same time, there are also such public places where knowledge of etiquette alone is not enough for citizens. Other basic fragments of the sociocultural matrix considered above (ethical, aesthetic, civic, value, environmental, etc.) should be used to some extent, as well as the ability to feel the system of balance of interests and, above all, to have the ability to take into account the interests of others. put them above your own.

For this, more serious norms and laws of conduct are applied, arising from the rights, duties and interests of citizens, civil servants, and entrepreneurs. Without knowledge of the relevant fragments of the socio-cultural matrix, individuals cannot be named, certified by status or admitted to the corresponding cells of social activity or government positions. And the higher the social place of an individual's activity in the structure of social relations, the greater the requirements, in addition to knowledge of etiquette, should be imposed on his behavior, the more his behavior should be determined by the duties of this individual to other members of society, society in understanding their specific interests, the interests of society as a whole. - national interests.

Based on this, it can be argued that the culture of human behavior consists of two parts: internal and external.

Internal culture is the knowledge, skills, feelings and abilities that underlie the fundamental fragments of the individual socio-cultural matrix of a person, acquired through his upbringing, education, development of consciousness and intellect, professional training, the signs of good results of which should be his virtue, knowledge of the interests of others, diligence and high morals.

External culture is a lifestyle and behavior patterns that are manifested in everyday life and in social activities during direct contacts, communication with other people, with environmental objects. External culture, as a rule, is a direct product of a person's internal culture, is closely related to it, although there are some nuances.

So, individual manifestations of external culture may not reflect the internal culture of the individual or even contradict it. This happens in cases of painful manifestations of the psyche, as well as in cases of behavioral "mimicry", when an ill-mannered individual tries to impersonate a well-bred one. However, with a longer observation of it, these contradictions are easily detected. Therefore, a truly cultured and efficient person can be such only thanks to his diligent upbringing. And, on the contrary, the external manifestations of an individual's bad manners testify to his inner emptiness, which means immorality, the complete absence of an elementary internal culture.

External culture is not always completely dependent on the internal one and sometimes for some time can hide the lack of the latter. A good knowledge of the rules of etiquette and their observance can mitigate the lack of a high internal culture, developed consciousness and intelligence, although not for long.

External culture is called differently: a culture of behavior, etiquette, good manners, good manners, good manners, culture ... This suggests that, depending on the specific task, people focus on one side of the external culture: most often either knowledge of the rules of conduct and their observance, or on the degree of taste, tact, skill in mastering external culture.

External culture consists of two "parts": that which comes from the elements of social sociocultural matrices (various instructions, charters, generally accepted rules, decency, etiquette) and that which comes from the upbringing and enlightenment of a secular person (manners, delicacy, tact, taste , sense of humor, conscientiousness, etc.).

There are rules of conduct of different levels and content:
1) the level of universal rules adopted in modern secular society, incl. among well-bred people - the intelligentsia;
2) the level of national regulations or regulations adopted in a given country;
3) the level of rules adopted in a given locality (in a village, city, region);
4) the level of rules adopted in a particular non-secular social stratum (among the inhabitants, among adherents of a particular religious denomination or sect, among corrupt high-ranking officials, in the beau monde, among oligarchs and other individuals with ultra-high incomes, etc. .).
5) the level of secular rules adopted in a particular professional community or public organization (medical workers, lawyers, policemen, military, among actors, civil servants, members of a particular party ...)
6) the level of secular rules adopted in a particular institution (educational, medical, state, commercial ...)

Speaking about the external manifestations of ethical or aesthetic fragments of the sociocultural matrix of individuals, it should be noted that here, too, one can observe a wide variety of types of behavior: both delicacy and rudeness, and good and bad manners, and good and bad taste.

In situations where a person does not know certain rules of conduct adopted in a given society, but he has certain skills of upbringing and knowledge of the basics of etiquette, he can to some extent compensate for his ignorance with flair, intuition, based on innate or acquired delicacy, tact, taste.

There are very complex relationships between rules and internal regulators of behavior. They are opposite - internal and external, typical and individual, although at the same time they can "work" in one direction. Normal relationships between people are generally a delicate matter that is easily torn if people treat each other rudely, especially now in the age of constant stress and increased mental stress.

The ability to listen to the interlocutor is an indispensable requirement of speech etiquette. This, of course, does not mean that one should sit silently. But it's tactless to interrupt another. When talking together, you also need to be able to listen, It happens that you have to be silent when you feel that your words can inflame passions. Do not start a heated argument in defense of your opinion. Such disputes spoil the mood of those present.

If a person wants to improve, to be better, to be worthy of love, kindness, wants to be respected, then he must take care of himself, his words-actions, cleanse himself, not give himself rest in this. After all, it is known that good breeding is an outward expression of the inner delicacy of the soul, which consists in general benevolence and attention to all people.

Politeness does not necessarily mean really respectful treatment of a person, just as rudeness does not necessarily mean really disrespectful treatment of a person. A person can be rude due to the fact that he rotated in a rough environment, did not see other patterns of behavior.

Thus, politeness is a moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person for whom respect for people has become a daily norm of behavior and a habitual way of dealing with others.

An important aspect of etiquette is the concept of good manners, which requires study and exercise; it must, so to speak, become second nature to us. True, much that is called good tone and refined taste is an inborn delicacy, and therefore it is true that a person can assimilate everything and learn everything, but not delicacy. But delicacy is not everything, and natural taste needs to be improved. Good examples and personal efforts contribute to this.

In addition, in etiquette there is such a thing as decency. This is the least conspicuous of all the concepts of etiquette, but the most revered.

So, only the one who embarrasses the least number of people has good manners. After all, each person, as a rule, lives in society, i.e. among other people. Therefore, his every act, every desire, every statement is reflected in these people. For this reason, there must be a boundary between what he wants to say or do, and what is possible, what will be pleasant or unpleasant to others. In this regard, he needs to make a self-assessment every time, whether any of his statements or actions will cause harm, cause inconvenience or trouble. Every time he must act in such a way that the people around him feel good.

To the basics of etiquette, known to everyone since childhood, there are three magic words: please, thank you, sorry (sorry).

Every request must be accompanied by the word "please".

For any service or help, you need to thank, say “thank you”.

For any trouble caused to another, you need to apologize or ask for forgiveness.

These magic words need to be learned to speak without thinking, automatically. The absence of these words in appropriate situations or their non-automatic, unnatural use means either impoliteness, rudeness, or a declaration of hostility.

There are no “little things” in etiquette, more precisely, it all consists of “little things” strung on a single rod of politeness, attention to people. Etiquette begins with a certain order and rules of greetings, addresses, introductions and acquaintances.

Given the "inequality" in etiquette, it should be borne in mind that the young are obliged to be the first to greet the elders, those who enter are present, those who are late are waiting, etc. At official receptions, first of all, the hostess and the owner are greeted, after them the ladies, first the older ones, then the young ones, then the older and older men, and then the rest of the guests. The mistress of the house must shake hands with all invited guests.

It should be remembered that the handshake accepted in our country and in the West at a meeting and when introducing a man and a woman in Muslim countries is completely inappropriate: Islam does not accept even a simple contact between people of different sexes who are not related by blood ties. It is not customary to shake hands among the peoples of Southeast Asia.

Of great importance when greetings is the manner of holding. You should look directly at the person you greet with a smile. When addressing a stranger, unfamiliar person or official, you should always say “you”. The form of address "you" expresses a closer relationship with a person. When referring to "you", many formalities that testify to an external, detached form of politeness disappear.

No less complex are the etiquette rules of dating. The first step to establishing an acquaintance is introduction. When introducing themselves or introducing someone, they usually call the surname, first name, patronymic, sometimes - the position or title. If you are visiting an institution or official on official or personal business, then before starting a business conversation, you should introduce yourself and, if available, give your “visiting card”. Representation is also necessary if you are addressing a stranger by what or question.

An integral attribute of modern etiquette is the ethics of telephone conversations. Its most important points include the following:
1) You should always introduce yourself when you call if you are not familiar or unfamiliar with the addressee or if you rarely call this addressee. It should also be taken into account that telephone communication can be poor, i.e. your voice is barely audible or distorted, and therefore even a good friend may not immediately figure out who he is talking to.
2) It is almost always necessary to ask whether a person is busy or not and how much time he has for a telephone conversation. Unceremonious is the behavior of the caller, who immediately, without the necessary clarification of the boundaries of the conversation, begins to conduct this conversation.
3) If you get a call, and you are very busy and cannot talk, then, as a rule, the burden of a second call is not on the one who called, but on you. There can be two exceptions here:
- if the caller does not have a phone;
- if for some reason it is difficult to call the person who called you. It is impolite to force the caller to call you back because you are busy. When you do this, you unwittingly make it clear that you value-respect him less than yourself.
4) When they call on the phone and ask not you, but another person, it is impolite to ask “who is this?” or "who's talking?" First, it is indecent to answer a question with a question. Secondly, with your question, you can put the person who asks in an uncomfortable position. The questioner is not always disposed to introduce himself to an outsider who picks up the phone. His right is to remain incognito to strangers. Asking "Who's talking?" voluntarily or involuntarily "climbs into the soul" of the caller. On the other hand, asking "who is speaking?" voluntarily or involuntarily, "penetrates into the soul" and the one who is directly called, since the addressee may also want to keep the secret of his relationship with the caller. (This is what parents sometimes do in their desire to control every step of their adult children, which limits their right to privacy. Excessive control and excessive guardianship on the part of parents leads to the fact that adult children either remain infantile, dependent or alienated from their parents.) in the absence of the addressee, you need to ask not “who is speaking?”, but “what to send to the addressee?”
5) In a telephone conversation, business or telegraphic style should prevail, with rare exceptions. Talking around and around is inappropriate. It is necessary, if possible, to immediately formulate the questions for which you are calling, and do not be shy to ask the same interlocutor if he is “carried away” by a conversation on extraneous topics. You need to ask the interlocutor to move to the subject of a telephone conversation tactfully, without rude interruption of his speech. In principle, non-business conversations on the phone are also acceptable, but only after it turns out that both parties have the desire and time to conduct such conversations.
6) It must be kept in mind that telephone communication is not as complete as face-to-face communication. Therefore, the requirements for the conversation as a whole are more stringent, i.e. you need to be more careful and prudent. A word spoken on the phone and a word spoken face to face can be evaluated in different and even opposite ways.

In a telephone conversation, you need to speak less emotionally, joke more carefully, try to avoid harsh words and expressions.

Two more concepts of etiquette that should be noted are commitment and accuracy. An optional person is very inconvenient for others, although he can be nice, courteous, etc. Such a person cannot be relied upon, cannot be counted on. Let him not be offended if they cease to respect him and avoid communication with him. “Accuracy is the courtesy of kings,” says the saying. He is not a king who is not obligatory, who behaves carelessly in relation to his own obligation.

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Rules of conduct in society: what distinguishes a well-mannered person? Rules and norms of behavior in society - Hypermarket of knowledge.

More on the topic Norms - rules of conduct:

What are the rules of etiquette

Good manners for men

Modern etiquette for women

Etiquette for children

How to behave in society

In dealing with people

How should a girl behave with a guy?

Basics of etiquette

Good manners

The ability to dress

How to Present Yourself

Communication etiquette rules

conversational etiquette

How to communicate with an interlocutor on the phone

Good manners and business etiquette

Rules of house etiquette

How to behave at the table

Away etiquette

Video

What it is?

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Are social norms of behavior necessary?

Did you like your school essay? And here's more:

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