Planting winter garlic seedlings in spring. When and how to plant garlic in spring

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Garlic is a very useful and popular crop that every gardener grows. The process of getting a rich harvest and planting in open ground in the spring is quite simple, and even a beginner can handle it, the main thing is to follow all the rules.

With the help of step-by-step instructions, it will not be difficult to plant and grow heads of garlic in the country in the Moscow region, and in Belarus, and even in Transbaikalia.

Garlic can be planted in both autumn and spring. The specific time will depend from the selected variety.

Experienced gardeners know that such a crop can be represented by winter or spring varieties. These two species differ not only in terms of landing, but also in many other characteristics. You can plant and transplant them at different times, the same applies to sowing seeds for seedlings.

To distinguish them from each other, you need to know the main external features of each type:

winter garlic planted autumn, it is larger, the lobules are covered with a hard shell. In the middle is a thick and hard rod, around which the teeth are located;
spring is placed in open ground in early spring. Such heads are smaller in size, their skin is soft and resembles parchment. The teeth are small, their arrangement is chaotic.

Winter garlic is suitable for fresh consumption and conservation, such varieties are stored for only 3-4 months. Spring has a less intense taste, but it can be used until the next harvest.

Specific planting dates will depend on the climatic conditions of the region:

When carrying out autumn planting, it is worth remembering that by the time the first frosts appear at the beginning of winter, the teeth should have time to form a powerful root system, this process takes an average of 3-4 weeks. Based on this, all work should be carried out a month before the onset of frost, that is late September-early October;
Spring planting is carried out immediately after the winter snow cover has melted, and the garden soil has warmed up to +6 degrees. Depending on the region, this may be April or early May.

Advantages of autumn and spring head planting

When choosing what time to plant garlic, you need to think about the fact that not only the process of work depends on it, but also yield characteristics how it will sprout and whether it will be necessary to transplant in the summer.

Winter garlic	Spring garlic
The taste of spring garlic is less intense, and the heads and cloves are small compared to winter varieties.	Winter garlic boasts large cloves that are easy to peel before cooking and a bright spicy taste.
Spring garlic ripens for a long time, the yield of varieties of this type remains at a low level	Winter garlic ripens a month earlier than spring garlic, so fresh cloves can be used already in summer, moreover, the yield of this type is much higher
Spring garlic is able to retain its freshness for up to 12 months.	Winter garlic is stored only 3-4 months
Spring planting guarantees friendly germination and safe plant growth.	When planting in the autumn, it should be borne in mind that there is always a risk of an earlier onset of frost or too much precipitation that can ruin the plantings.
When caring for spring garlic, you should take care of sufficient watering during the formation of teeth.	Winter varieties are formed using ground moisture
Spring varieties of garlic are not afraid of common diseases and pests	Autumn varieties are most defenseless against various ailments.

The choice of planting dates and the type of vegetable grown will depend on the purpose of cultivation. Experienced gardeners recommend planting in beds both winter and spring plants.

Growing technology and features of sowing seeds in the country

Each landing period has its own individual characteristics regarding the work. But there are also general rules that should be followed regardless of the time factor:

Before planting a vegetable, it must be calibrate, that is, remove heads that are too small and somewhat affected by diseases;
The most common mistake that many gardeners make is planting winter crops in the spring. In this case, you can get a crop, but it will not be as tasty and large as during autumn planting;
In order to get a guaranteed harvest, you should purchase zoned varieties. It is also worthwhile to study in advance all the characteristics, technology, how to sow and needs;
Should be done once every 3 years variety rejuvenation, that is, instead of teeth, bulbs will be used as planting material, from which single teeth ripen in the first season. The resulting crop is used for planting the next year. As a result of such work, garlic is updated;
In order to harvest a quality crop, you must not miss the deadlines. You can identify them by the arrow, which should burst. Bulbs should also form;
To get a richer harvest, garlic feathers should be cut off in a timely manner.

The most important rule to follow when planting garlic is to meet the deadlines.

In autumn, teeth should not be planted too early so that they do not germinate ahead of time, but in spring it is impossible to delay planting, because then the heads may not have time to ripen before the onset of cold weather.

Rules for planting garlic in open ground

In order for the cultivation to be successful, it is necessary to properly carry out planting work. It is also very important to properly care for plantings and perform the necessary work in a timely manner.

Seedling cloves preparation

In order to get friendly shoots that will subsequently bring a good harvest, you need to work hard and properly process planting material:

1. Well-dried garlic heads are divided into cloves without damaging the dry flakes;
2. Then spend calibration, selecting large and healthy slices;
3. Before spring planting, the teeth can be stimulated to a faster appearance of roots; for this, planting material wrapped in damp cloth and put in the refrigerator for several days;
4. Before planting the teeth in the ground, they must be prepared.

There are three processing methods:

- Slices are soaked in warm water for 10-12 hours;
- Table salt, which is diluted in water (3 tablespoons per 5 liters), is also well suited for these purposes. This procedure is carried out for several minutes;
- Another way would be chemicals that have a stimulating effect.
The last important step will be disinfection. To do this, the teeth are immersed in a solution of copper sulfate for 1-2 minutes (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Potassium permanganate solution, Fitosporin-M preparation and ash infusion are also well suited for antimicrobial treatment. In this case, the processing will last 30 minutes.

Site selection and soil preparation

Garlic is quite capricious about the choice of soil and places for planting. When preparing the site, you should remember all the preferences of this culture:

in the best way the vegetable takes root on loamy and chernozem soils with neutral acidity;
place should be sunny and open;
it is not recommended to plant garlic where onions, potatoes and tomatoes grew before it. Cabbage, legumes, zucchini and cucumbers are considered desirable predecessors.

During spring planting, soil preparation is carried out in the fall, and during autumn planting, a month before the work. This procedure includes deep digging, loosening, removal of weeds and stones.

In order to balance the composition of the soil, clay and sandy soil is diluted with peat, and peat soil with loam.

In order to get a rich harvest, the soil must be enrich. The following fertilizers are applied per square meter of soil:

1 bucket of humus or rotted manure;
1 bucket of compost;
1 glass of dolomite flour;
1 tablespoon of superphosphate;
1 tablespoon of nitrophoska.

The final part will be the disinfection of plantings, during which the beds are watered with copper sulfate or a solution of potassium permanganate. Experienced gardeners recommend covering the ridges with foil until the work is done.

Step-by-step instructions and how deep to plant

Vegetables are planted in rows, the distance between which should be equal to 20-25 centimeters. The distance between the individual teeth will depend on their size, on average this figure is 10 centimeters.

teeth deepen strictly vertical. In the spring, the embedment depth will be 5-6 centimeters. In autumn, this figure should be increased to 10 centimeters. This is necessary in order to protect the planting material from freezing.

Care

Garlic care after planting will consist of timely loosening and cleaning the soil from weeds. Also, do not forget about watering. During the growing season, the application of moisture should be plentiful.

Watering is reduced to a moderate size when the formation of fruits begins, because with an excess of moisture, garlic can be susceptible to various diseases. In rainy weather, watering should be reduced. Moisture application is stopped 2 weeks before harvest.

In addition to watering, garlic needs regular feeding:

1 time in 10 days the soil is watered with a solution of phosphorus and potash fertilizers;
At the beginning of the growing season and after the formation of the plant head, fertilize with infusion of mullein or chicken manure. 1 kilogram of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water and infused for several days. After the end of fermentation, 1 liter of top dressing is diluted with 10 liters of water.

For additional protection against diseases and pests, preventive treatments with fungicides and insecticides are carried out in the spring.

How to transplant garlic in the spring, planted before winter

It often happens that after the autumn planting of garlic, the gardener's plans change dramatically and the beds have to be transplanted to a new place. Many sources do not recommend such a procedure, because it can damage the root system of plants and destroy them.

But if work is necessary, then the landings are transferred along with a large earthen clod. In this case, losses will be minimal, but in any case, a smaller crop should be expected.

You can plant garlic in spring and autumn. The specific time frame for completing the work will depend on the desired result. The key to successful work will be compliance with all the above rules.

Garlic is a popular crop that can be seen in any home garden. Useful and unpretentious. Even a novice gardener will cope with its cultivation in his area. Most often, garlic is planted before winter. But sometimes it is not possible to plant garlic in the fall. Can you plant garlic in the spring? It is possible, only for this you need to purchase not winter garlic, but spring.

Garlic is a perennial bulbous plant. It is divided into two types: winter, which is planted in the fall, and spring, ready for planting in the spring. The main differences between the two types of this culture are as follows:

They differ in landing times. You can plant winter garlic before winter, and in spring it will sprout and begin to grow. Spring garlic can only be planted in spring, it does not tolerate wintering in open ground.
Winter varieties produce an arrow with air bulbs, they are called bulbs. They serve for reproduction. Spring varieties, except for the Gulliver variety, do not produce such arrows.
One bulb of spring garlic contains about 30 cloves, while winter garlic has less than a dozen.
The cloves in spring garlic are arranged in a spiral, smaller ones closer to the center; in winter garlic, all the cloves are located around the peduncle in one row.
The winter variety has larger heads, like the cloves themselves, its yield is higher.
Spring garlic is propagated by cloves, and winter garlic can be obtained by planting cloves, bulbs or cloves.
Spring varieties are easily stored all year round.

The main varieties of spring garlic

Spring varieties of garlic ripen on average in 80-150 days, this is how much it takes from the moment the first shoots appear to the harvest. The bulbs of these varieties are small in size, medium and small cloves are slightly elongated. Harvest can be stored until mid-spring and longer. What kind of garlic is planted to get a good harvest? We present several popular varieties.

Sochi 56 is an early variety that gardeners like for its balanced taste. The pulp contains a large amount of sugars. 50 gram heads can be harvested 80 days after germination. The variety is characterized by increased productivity and a shelf life of up to 2 years.

Abrek is a mid-season variety, the head of garlic is round, with white scales, weighing up to 30 g. The pulp is sharp, moderately juicy.

Victorio - has average terms. It has a slight waxy coating on the leaves. Heads weighing about 40 g, with creamy white scales. Harvest easily stored until spring.

Moscow - mid-season variety. Characterized by a mild taste. Disease resistant.

Ershovsky - matures in 4 months. Head weight up to 35 g. Taste - semi-sharp. Stored without loss up to 7 months.

Garbos F1 - early ripening, high-yielding variety. Small teeth are completely absent. Suitable for long-term storage, as it is famous for its disease resistance.

Gulliver is the only variety of spring garlic that shoots arrows. Its bulb is slightly flattened, weighing up to 120 g. The flesh is sharp. Differs in high productivity.

Flavor and Cledor are varieties of French breeders. They are planted in early spring.

Preparing spring garlic for planting

If you choose to plant garlic in the spring outdoors, you should think about storing garlic in the fall. Garlic is a cold-resistant crop, but not frost-resistant. Before spring, fruits should be stored in a calm, dry, cool place. If it is planned to plant garlic in the spring in large quantities, it is poured into bags and then placed in deep holes. Shelters are insulated, from above they are necessarily covered with straw, leaves, covered with a film.

Small quantities of garlic can be stored in the refrigerator. The main thing is that future seedlings do not freeze. You can wrap the heads in newsprint with holes.

Some gardeners advise sprouting garlic. To do this, the heads are wrapped in a damp cloth, put in a plastic bag. It is not necessary to wrap the bundle too tightly; it is necessary to provide oxygen access. Periodically, the cloth is moistened with water to maintain a moist environment in the bundle. Garlic will begin to give roots, after two weeks they take it out, keep it for half an hour in potassium permanganate and start planting garlic in the spring in open ground. Only whole cloves without damage are allowed to plant.

Soil preparation for planting

How to plant garlic in spring? First you need to choose a place for landing. Since the plant needs maximum light, you should not make a bed in the shade of a fence or trees. Precursor plants also matter. Garlic grows well in beds after legumes, melons, cabbage. But plants of the nightshade family are dangerous for him. Likes garlic neighborhood with strawberries. You should not plant it after the onion, re-planting in one place is also undesirable.

For best crop growth, medium, light loamy soils or black earth are required. The place for planting garlic in the spring is dug up on the head, loosened, and all weeds are removed with roots. Pour the bed with a solution of salt, for this 3 tbsp. tablespoons of salt are dissolved in a bucket of water. After a couple of days, you can plant garlic.

If the soil is poor, it must be fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers. It must be remembered that fresh manure is never added to garlic beds. They can fertilize the soil for a pumpkin or zucchini, in the place of which garlic will be planted in a year.

Preparing beds for planting

There are two ways to prepare the beds.

1. We form the beds in the fall. The earth under the beds is dug up in the fall. Fertilizers are added to it. This is prepared compost at the rate of one bucket per 1 sq. garden meter. Also crumbles 100 grams of wood ash and 10 grams of double superphosphate.

2. We form the beds in the spring. In the spring, with deep loosening of the soil, azophoska, humic fertilizers and wood ash are introduced. Top dressing with humus mixed with ash is effective. We plant prepared garlic in the beds.

Planting dates for spring garlic

When is garlic planted in spring? You can start planting after the snow melts, approximately April 20-25. Spring varieties do not tolerate the lack of moisture. Of course, you need to focus on the temperature of the soil. It should be warmed up to 5 degrees.

In warm regions, garlic begins to be planted at the end of March, and in the Moscow region, the desired temperature is set no earlier than at the end of April. You can plant garlic in May, the weather is unstable in spring, and it all depends on the variety that you decided to plant in the spring. Frost-resistant varieties will be able to endure cold spring weather, while the root system is being formed, the soil will have time to warm up to 10 degrees. At this temperature, the ground part of the plant develops. Tightening with planting is not recommended, otherwise the garlic will not have time to form heads before the onset of autumn.

Is it possible to plant winter garlic in the spring? There are cases of such landing. But there is no need to wait for a quality harvest. This variety is not intended for spring planting, most often winter garlic is planted in spring to obtain green feathers that can be eaten fresh, added to salads. When planting, you need to be guided by the same principles as when planting spring garlic: select only high-quality cloves, carefully prepare the soil, take good care of the beds during the growing season of the plant.

How to plant garlic in spring

How to plant a plant? Spring varieties of garlic are planted according to the following scheme: the distance between the cloves should be approximately 7 cm, between the rows - 20-30 cm. The cloves of large garlic are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm.

Holes are made in the ground, garlic cloves are placed upside down in them. If you plant them deeper, they will not be able to hatch to sprout. After planting, feed the bed with ammonium sulfate. Fertilizers are applied again in mid-summer. Then you will need to add fertilizer to protect the crop from pests. It is useful to feed the garlic at the time of the formation of the bulbs.

Planted garlic requires care, it loves moisture, so it is worth watering it several times a week if there is a strong heat. But it is not necessary to fill in the beds, stagnant water can lead to rotting of the heads, and drying out of the soil can lead to a decrease in yield and deterioration in quality. Be sure to regularly weed the beds, garlic does not like weeds.

We told how to plant garlic, with proper care, it will ripen and give a rich harvest. When the leaves turn yellow, you can pull the heads of garlic out of the ground. Then they are left in the beds so that the leaves dry out, and the bulbs absorb all the useful substances from the stem. You can collect small bunches and hang to dry. When the leaves dry, they can be easily removed.

Everyone decides for himself whether it is better to plant garlic in autumn or spring. Someone prefers to do this twice a year in order to always have a supply of tasty and spicy vegetables on hand.