What does the appearance of spots on the leaves of sweet pepper mean. How to identify and cure diseases of pepper seedlings Brown spots on the leaves of pepper seedlings

Pepper leaves are an indicator of seedling health. They reflect any problems that have arisen due to improper care, infection or pest infestation. Those who are going to sow pepper seeds for seedlings for the first time should understand this and conduct regular inspection of young plants from germination to transplanting into the ground.

Pepper seeds are among the first to be sown. The exact dates depend on the variety and region, but most often gardeners get pepper seeds as early as February. In March, the dark green foliage of the seedlings cheerfully turns green on the windowsills and racks. Not everyone is lucky, sometimes the picture is very sad. Swellings appear on the seedling leaves, the leaves lose their elasticity, curl and, in the end, fall off.

There is no need to panic if the pepper has pimples. In this case, it is worth arming yourself with a magnifying glass and examining the leaves of problematic plants. In pimples, leaf plates are due to the following problems:

edema - edema;
thrips;
spider mite.

Causes of edema

Oedema (edema) is a physiological type of edema, not a disease. The reason for it is not infections and viruses, it is not contagious. There is a failure at the cellular level, in which the liquid consumed by the roots does not have time to assimilate in the cells of the leaf plate and accumulates there, causing the appearance of tubercles.

Sometimes even experienced gardeners do not understand why yesterday healthy seedlings look sad today because pimples appeared on pepper seedlings. The most common causes of edema are:

waterlogging of the soil;
hypothermia of the roots;
too humid and cold air in the room where there are boxes with seedlings;
a sharp change in temperature and light conditions caused by the transfer of seedlings to another room;
insufficient lighting;
dense planting or placement of more seedlings per unit area than is permissible.

Symptoms and treatment of pepper seedlings

The reasons are clear. Now we will clarify the symptoms by which physiological edema can be determined. First of all, this is the appearance of capsule-like formations located on both sides of the leaf. Usually they are green in color, but whites can also be found. If the spots spread over the entire surface of the sheet, they eventually die off and fall off.

There is no treatment, since it is not a disease if the pepper seedlings have pimples and leaves curl. It is necessary not to treat, but simply to take the following measures:

Limit watering.
Maintain air temperature 20 °C.
Make drainage holes in the seedling container to drain excess fluid.
Supplement natural lighting with artificial light from daylight fixtures.
Arrange the seedlings away from each other for good ventilation.
For a while, avoid the use of fertilizers of any kind.
Control soil acidity.

Timely assistance can save plants. The main thing is not to miss the moment, and for this it is worth regularly inspecting the leaves and stems of sweet pepper.

Pepper pests

Seedlings have many enemies among insects. Sometimes the symptoms, the cause of which is the vital activity of pests and their larvae, are very reminiscent of pimples. The reverse side of the sheet with spots and swelling may indicate the presence of:

thrips;
spider mite.

Aphids on seedlings

You need to know the ways of infecting seedlings with aphids. Knowing them, you can use preventive measures to avoid the invasion of pests. Possible options for getting larvae and adults on young plants:

The larvae get with the earth typed in the garden or in the garden.
Flying aphids flew into the balcony (loggia) through an open window.
A flower shop purchased a new ornamental plant infested with a species of aphid.

The way the pest enters the room with young seedlings is understandable. Weakened plants, planted in poor-quality soil taken from the garden and not containing the necessary set of trace elements, suffer more.

The main method of prevention is the preparation of high-quality soil and its disinfection. The following soil disinfection methods are used for planting:

Freezing in winter bags with planting soil.
Warming up the earth for half an hour at a temperature of 70 ° C.
Watering with boiling water.
Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate and pour it over the ground in boxes before planting.
Use fitoverm solution for disinfection.

By the way, boxes and cups need disinfection if they are reused. For them, laundry soap will be the best disinfectant (72%). They need to thoroughly wash the containers before filling them with earth.

flower quarantine

Refrain from acquiring new flowers if there are young seedlings of peppers in the apartment. This also applies to cut, greenhouse flowers. Flower bouquets can be carriers of various forms of greenhouse aphids or thrips. Indoor flowers should be taken out to another room, or at least placed away from the boxes with peppers.

Pest Control Methods

Have you overlooked pests, aphid colonies appeared on young peppers or, even worse, thrips? What to do in this case? Run to the store for insecticides or fight folk methods using soap, ash, bitter, smelly herbs.

Before making a decision, look carefully at the plant and evaluate the degree of damage and the number of pests. If there are few of them on peppers, you can get by with folk methods.

Dissolve 20 grams of laundry soap in room temperature water and pour 1-2 tbsp. l. ash. When the solution is infused, you can wash the pepper leaves on both sides with it or spray it with a spray bottle. The number of insects on the leaves of the pepper will partially decrease. The treatment of seedlings after a few days must be repeated to consolidate the effect.

Some summer residents instead of ash add a little ammonia. A solution of ammonia fights pests on the leaves and serves as a good prevention, scaring away insects from healthy plants.

It is even easier to save seedlings from a tick. Plants are watered very well and immediately put on a plastic bag. The increased humidity in the bag kills the spider mite.

Chemistry against pests

Too lazy to rinse the leaves with soapy water - buy chemistry. Good reviews on drugs:

"Vertimek";
"Fitoverm";
"Akarin";
Sunmite.

A one-time treatment is indispensable here - it is necessary to process the seedlings at least 2 - 3 times with a seven-day interval. These drugs successfully fight not only with aphids, but also with thrips and mites. Processing of peppers is best done in the morning, before the sun has risen. If this is not observed, on the foliage of pepper, in addition to pimples, sunburn will also appear.

Seed treatment - disease prevention

Many problems can be avoided during the cultivation of young peppers by seed treatment, which is carried out on the eve of sowing. Potassium permanganate seed is most often disinfected - this is the cheapest and most affordable drug for growing healthy seedlings. Every summer resident has manganese in their first-aid kit.

A couple of manganese crystals and the water turns pink. We lower the pepper seeds for 15 minutes or a little more. After draining the solution of potassium permanganate, rinse them in water at room temperature and dry a little. The treated seeds are ready for planting.

In addition to potassium permanganate, effective treaters:

"Baktofit";
ash;
"Albite".

Preparations for the treatment of peppers should be used, adhering to the instructions printed on the package. Ash is added to 0.5 l 1 tbsp. l. - Pepper seeds are disinfected with this solution.

Knowing the possible causes of curling of pepper leaves and pimples on them and using the proposed measures, you can save young peppers and grow healthy seedlings.

Bulgarian pepper is a vegetable rich in vitamins and microelements, the cultivation of which requires a lot of effort and agrotechnical knowledge. Various dangers threaten the plant already at the initial stage - seedlings. Young fresh foliage of sweet pepper is not averse to eating various pests.

A serious threat to young plants is the disease of seedlings of peppers, which can not always be cured. Some of them threaten a plant that has just sprouted from seeds, others remind of themselves later.

Knowing the main rules for caring for bell pepper seedlings, the ability to recognize diseases in a timely manner and take the necessary measures to save plants will allow each gardener to grow a rich harvest of this tasty healthy vegetable on his plot.

Fungal spores are easily carried by insects, raindrops, wind, and are well preserved in the soil. It is no coincidence that fungal diseases are widespread, reaching 80% of all plant diseases.

Blackleg

Living in the upper layers of the soil, black leg mushrooms, at high humidity, come into contact with the roots of pepper seedlings and pass to the plant (signs of damage in the photo above).

Various reasons lead to the development of the disease:

abundant and frequent watering;
sharp temperature drops and jumps;
thickening of crops;
insufficient ventilation;
too high temperatures.

The defeat of the black leg threatens the plant from the moment of emergence to 2-3 true leaves. Darkening of the root neck and the appearance of a characteristic black constriction in the lower part of the stem are the main symptoms of the disease. With increased environmental humidity at the constriction site, a gradual softening of the stem occurs, which leads to a breakdown and death of the plant.

The fight against the black leg must begin even before sowing the seeds. It is recommended to buy high-quality and disease-resistant seeds. To disinfect the soil for future seedlings, it is frozen at the beginning of winter, steamed or calcined in the oven.

The soil before planting seeds for seedlings is watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or preparations "Shine", "Baikal", "Revival". The biological preparation "Trichodermin" introduced into the soil will help protect the future seedlings of pepper.

Before planting, the seeds themselves are soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (0.5 g per 100 ml of water), washed. To increase the immunity of future plants, seeds are treated with Immunocytofit, Epin-Extra, Agat-25K preparations. It is recommended to place the seeds in a bag and soak according to the instructions in a solution of any fungicide: Vitaros, Fitosporin-M, Maxim.

Simple rules will help to avoid the appearance of a black leg:

Do not allow thickening of landings and do not tighten with a pick.
After sowing seeds or picking plants, sprinkle the soil surface with pre-calcined river sand, ash or crushed activated carbon.
Regularly ventilate the room in which the plants are located, but do not open the windows immediately after watering.
Remove affected plants when the first symptoms of the disease appear. Plant healthy plants, pour 1% Bordeaux liquid or a weak solution of potassium permanganate (4-5 g per 10 liters of water). Use a fungicide solution for subsequent watering.
A good result is provided by the cultivation of pepper seedlings in peat tablets, which are impregnated with a fungicide and disinfected.

Gray rot

Gray rot spores are carried by water, wind, insects, and remain in plant debris for a long time. At high air temperature and high humidity, they germinate, affecting plants. In the lower part of the stem in contact with the ground, brown weeping spots appear, which are soon covered with a gray bloom.

To combat gray rot, the following measures are effective:

Timely picking seedlings.
Room ventilation.
Removal of diseased plants, transplanting into other containers of healthy ones.
Processing seedlings at an early stage of the disease with chalk or crushed activated charcoal tablets.
Spraying plants with garlic tincture: insist 30 g of grated garlic per 5 liters of water for 2 days.
Processing pepper seedlings with Kuproksat, copper sulphate (20 g per 10 l of water), a pink solution of potassium permanganate or a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture.
The use of drugs with antispore-forming, protective and healing properties: "Acrobat", "Skor", "Previkur", "Fundazol", "Ordan".

late blight

Late blight is especially dangerous for plants suffering from sudden temperature changes, with a sharp prolonged cold snap, excessive soil and air moisture. Phytophthora affects pepper in any growing season, especially in the last phase of flowering.

At the initial stage, the course of the disease resembles the symptoms of a black leg. The affected constriction tissue in the root zone of the plant stem is covered with a silky white coating of maturing spores.

For the prevention and control of late blight, the following measures are effective:

Selection of disease-resistant varieties (Dobrynya, Viking red and Viking yellow, Santia F1, Patricia F1).
Presowing seed treatment by soaking in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (0.5 g per 100 ml of water) for 15-20 minutes.
Avoid high humidity.
Spraying plants with a solution of iodine (5 ml per 1 liter of water).
Alternate spraying of pepper seedlings with preparations "Barrier" and "Barrier".
Increasing the resistance of plants to late blight by feeding seedlings with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers.
Preventive spraying every 10 days with serum diluted by half with water and garlic infusion aged for a day (50 g per 10 l).
With insufficient effect of preventive measures, the transition to the use of serious drugs: Quadris, Champion, Ridomil Gold, Tattu.

Sclerocinia and Fusarium

Symptoms of diseases are the dropping of pepper seedlings for no apparent reason and subsequent wilting. The development of the disease leads to blockage of blood vessels. On the transverse section of the basal neck of a diseased plant, brown affected vessels are visible.

The onset of the disease is signaled by root rot. Germinating, spores first penetrate into small roots, and as the mycelium grows, into larger ones. The blockage of vessels by the mycelium of the fungus leads to a violation of the vital processes of the plant. Subsequently, it releases toxic and extremely harmful substances.

A dangerous disease spreads rapidly with high levels and fluctuations in humidity, sudden changes in temperature from low to high, lack of nutrition, damage by insects. The initial stage of the disease is difficult to determine. The affected plant has no chance of salvation.

The main task of gardeners is to save healthy peppers:

Removal of diseased plants.
Soil treatment with Planriz (50 ml per 10 liters of water) or potassium permanganate solution (5 g per 10 liters of water).
Use for the prevention and treatment of the same drugs as for late blight.
Selection of more disease-resistant seeds (varieties Lastochka, Victoria, Gift of Moldova).
Application of the drug "Trichodermin" into the soil for planting plants.
Preplant seed treatment "Fundazol" according to the instructions.

Bacterial lesions

Bacterial diseases are very difficult to determine: they do not have clear symptoms and are mixed with symptoms of other seedling diseases. Bacteria are carried by animals, insects. Plants become infected with bacteria through damage to the vegetation cover of a natural and mechanical nature. Under favorable conditions, bacteria remain in the soil for a long time.

Bacterial black spot

The disease can affect seedlings already at the emergence of seedlings. The stem and leaves of the plant are covered with small growing dark spots with a yellow border along the border. The disease leads to the death of plants.

For the prevention of black bacterial spot, it is recommended:

Buy varieties of pepper that are resistant to bacteria (Lycedey, Bagration, Nafanya, Sorvanets).
Mandatory preplant seed treatment: soaking for 15-20 minutes in a solution of potassium permanganate or treatment with Fitolavin-300.
Destruction of the affected seedlings of pepper.
Disinfection of the soil before planting by steaming, calcining or freezing.
Preventive treatment of pepper seedlings with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture.

Bacterial lightning wilt

Penetrating into the plant, the bacteria affect its vascular system and block access to all parts of the nutrients. A white liquid oozes out of a cut in the stem.

To combat fulminant bacterial wilt, it is recommended:

Remove all infected plants.
Before planting, pickle the seeds using the folk method: add 2 crushed cloves of garlic to a small amount of water and immerse the seeds in this solution for 30-40 minutes. After that, the seeds are washed, dried and sown.
Observe crop rotation in greenhouses and greenhouses, do not plant seedlings of pepper after pepper and nightshade.
Decontaminate or replace the soil annually if crop rotation is not possible.
Maintain the required humidity and temperature.
When planting pepper seedlings, follow the recommended scheme.
For prevention, spray plants with preparations containing copper: Bordeaux liquid, copper sulphate, Kuproksat.
Feed seedlings regularly to increase their ability to resist diseases.

Bacterial soft rot

Disease-causing bacteria penetrate the vascular system, disrupt its operation and deprive all parts of the plant of nutrition, which leads to their death and can cause death. The stem changes color, becomes hollow, the leaves lose color and die. The disease is especially activated in a humid warm climate.

To avoid infection of seedlings with soft bacterial rot will help:

Seed dressing.
Soil disinfection.
Room ventilation.
Sufficient watering, avoiding stagnation in the water pans.
Careful cleaning of all plant residues - a breeding ground for harmful bacteria.

Pepper cancer bacterial

This disease actively develops at high positive temperatures and high humidity, in non-thinned seedlings. Infection can occur from insect pests or through garden tools. Bacterial cancer can affect any part of the seedling.

The development of the disease is indicated by characteristic dark brown spots with a lighter color in the center. In the future, these spots are combined into a common and covered with a crust.

In the fight against bacterial cancer, the following methods are used:

Spraying diseased plants with preparations containing copper (copper sulfate, copper oxychloride).
Remove all affected plants.
Treatment of greenhouses and hotbeds in which there were plants infected with bacterial cancer, methyl bromide in spring and autumn, or a complete replacement of the entire soil.

Viral diseases

Viral diseases of plants are much less common, but carry a much greater danger. Viruses are carried by insects: nematodes, aphids, thrips, ants. Viruses can only be seen with a strong electron microscope because they are very small. Viruses do not exist without a host cell.

Once in it, the virus develops and leads to pathological changes in the plant: growth retardation, leaf and stem deformation. Viruses are able to overwinter in organisms of vectors, dead parts of plants, seed or planting material. Pepper seedlings are most susceptible to viral diseases.

tobacco mosaic

This virus enters the cells and begins to destroy chlorophyll. On the leaves of a plant infected with tobacco mosaic, a characteristic marble pattern appears with emerald and beige patches. The process of cell death begins. The leaves of the plant are deformed, turn black and fall off. For some varieties, the twisting of the leaves with a boat is characteristic.

In order to prevent tobacco mosaic and combat this disease, the following measures are used:

Pre-planting thermal and chemical treatment of seeds: heating for 2 days at a temperature of 50-52 degrees and then 1 day at a temperature of 70-80 degrees, subsequent chemical disinfection in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes or 10-15% trisodium phosphate solution for 1 hour.
A good disinfecting effect is obtained by soaking the seeds in a 20% hydrochloric acid solution for half an hour.
Selection of pepper varieties resistant to tobacco mosaic virus: Flamenco, Atlant, Gemini, Dar Caspian, Zarya, Indalo, Orange Volder.
Careful pinching of pepper seedlings (viruses penetrate into plant cells through damage).
Destruction of insects - carriers of the tobacco mosaic virus.
Careful processing of greenhouses, if possible, replacement of soil.
Spraying pepper seedlings with a solution of boric acid (0.1 g per 1 liter of water) a week before planting, repeating the procedure a week after planting in order to increase resistance to the virus.
Thorough cleaning of plant residues in greenhouses and greenhouses.

cucumber mosaic

This viral disease has become widespread and is particularly harmful. It manifests itself in 4 main forms: fleeting, dwarf, brown and yellow. Unlike tobacco, the cucumber mosaic virus is not transmitted through seeds, but only by insects, especially aphids, through unwashed hands or working tools after contact with diseased plants.

To prevent the disease, the affected plants and all weeds on which aphids, the carrier of the virus, can breed. Early planting of seedlings helps to reduce the likelihood of infection by the cucumber mosaic virus, as the development of plants outstrips the intensive years of vectors.

Systemic insecticides (Mospilan, Konfidor, Aktara), which are used according to the instructions, help to treat pepper and destroy pests. The spread of the disease can be limited by spraying the plants with an 8-10% solution of skimmed milk.

Stolbur (phytoplasmosis)

None of the hybrids and varieties of pepper possess resistance to the stolbur virus. The virus is carried by spider mites, thrips, and aphids. Sunny warm weather in late April and the first weeks of May contributes to the rapid development of disease vectors.

During their active summer (end of May-beginning of June), an intense infection of pepper occurs. The disease affects the plant, starting from the top.

Its characteristic manifestations are stunting, dwarfing of the plant. The edges of the leaves turn yellow and curl. Because of the intense yellow color of the plant, the disease was called jaundice.

Removal and burning of diseased plants.
Disinfection of soil and seeds.
Early planting of seedlings to anticipate the intense summer of vectors.
Compliance with crop rotation when growing pepper seedlings in a greenhouse.
Replacing the soil in the greenhouse.

streak

The streak virus (streak) is transmitted by thrips, aphids, mites, through infected seeds, with mechanical damage to infected plants.

The leaves, stems and petioles of the plant are covered with red-brown stripes or strokes. Parts of the plant affected by this disease become brittle and brittle. Leaf plates are deformed, the plant slows down growth.

The plants affected by the streak are immediately removed and the soil is treated with raster potassium permanganate (5 g per 10 liters of water). Good results in the fight against the virus are obtained by a single treatment of plantings with a 15% solution of trisodium phosphate diluted in 1 liter of water.

Despite careful care, pepper, like any other crop, is susceptible to various diseases and pests that can cause significant damage to seedlings and lead to the loss of most of the crop. Diseases of peppers can cause significant damage to the crop. Therefore, it is important to know the most common pepper diseases, methods for their prevention and control. This is our article.

Disease resistant pepper varieties

For many years, breeders have been striving to create pepper varieties that have not only excellent taste and high yields, but also resistance to a complex of major diseases. Recently, a significant number of interesting varieties have appeared, including:

hybrids and pepper varieties highly resistant to mosaic: Montero, Cube, Wonder, Aries, Orange, Blondie, Fidelio, Indalo, Cardinal, Sonata and Rubik »;
tolerant to the causative agent of the mosaic hybrid "Jubilee Semko".

In addition, varieties and hybrids of pepper are distinguished by good disease resistance:

"Agapovsky";
"Big Papa";
"Yellow Bell";
"Star of the East".

In the selection and acquisition process, preference should be given to modern zoned varieties intended for cultivation in a given climatic zone. Regardless of the resistance of this variety, it is required to carry out high-quality pre-sowing preparation of all seed material.

Fungal diseases of pepper

There are quite a few diseases of pepper caused by a wide variety of fungi, consider the most common:

blackleg;
fusarium wilt;
alternariosis or dry spotting;
cladosporiosis or brown spotting;
gray rot;
sclerotinia or white rot;
late blight.

black pepper leg

This disease of pepper seedlings manifests itself in the form of darkening of the lower part of the leg and drying of the plant. Noticing the slightest change in the color of the stems, many begin to panic and spray the plants with everything that was found in the "gardener's first aid kit." Be careful not to harm the crop! First, carefully look at the photo of the pepper seedling disease, and start their treatment only when you are sure that you have a black leg, and not another problem.

Preventive measures and treatment: inspect seedlings daily, especially its root zone; if darkening appears on the bushes, they should be treated with a weak solution of ordinary potassium permanganate; if the plants have sprouted very densely, be sure to thin them out; the soil should not be excessively damp - this leads to the development of a black leg; if the greenhouse is too humid, ventilate it regularly, remembering to protect the seedlings from drafts. As an effective way to prevent the development of a black leg, experienced gardeners recommend watering the soil in which the seeds will be planted with a solution of potassium permanganate (4-5 g per 10 l). You can also ignite the soil in the oven so that the fungi present in it die. Another way is to pour boiling water over the earth.

"Black leg" most often affects young shoots, after which the stem becomes thinner and they fade. But there are cases when the disease harms already large pepper bushes. Usually the problem manifests itself as follows: the leaves begin to turn yellow, the stem at ground level changes color from green to dark brown, and its tissues in this area seem to be pressed inward. This happens due to a violation of the nutrition of plants.

Gray mold on pepper

If weeping brown spots appeared on the stem in its lower part, which is in contact with the soil, which then became covered with a grayish coating, then gray rot attacked your pepper seedlings. Spores can persist for a considerable time in various plant debris, they are carried by insects, wind and water. In conditions of high humidity and high air temperature, spores germinate and infect plants.

Outwardly, it appears as a thin white film at the base of the stem. To protect seedlings, it is necessary to remove all diseased plants, and treat healthy ones with a specially prepared infusion of garlic arrows or garlic. If urgent processing is necessary, healthy plants are pollinated through a gauze bag with finely crushed coal tablets or chalk. Preparation of infusion of garlic. We measure out 0.1 l of garlic cloves and finely chop, add 50 ml of sunflower oil and 6 ml of adhesive (liquid hand soap). We insist the mixture for one day. For a working solution, add 2 tablespoons of concentrate to 1 liter of water, mix thoroughly and process plants from a spray bottle.

Late blight on pepper

When the disease occurs, the stem and leaves of the seedlings are covered with brown individual spots, which gradually merge into one. Leaves turn brown and fall off. The disease affects seedlings at high humidity. It is necessary to dry the soil, reduce the frequency of watering.

Treat plants with a solution of Bordeaux liquid. Seedlings of peppers are well protected from rot by biological products phytodoctor, trichodermin, barrier, previkur and others. Before use, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the recommendations for breeding and the frequency of seedling treatments.

White rot on pepper

White rot affects the aerial parts of the pepper. It withers, turns yellow and dries completely. When examining the affected areas, you can see the white mycelium of the fungus. Liming the soil and observing the rules of crop rotation are the basic rules for the prevention of white rot. According to vegetable growers, the abuse of nitrogen fertilizers can provoke white rot seedlings. Copper-containing preparations completely destroy the disease.

Fusarium on pepper

This ailment among gardeners is called wilting. At first, the seedlings begin to shed their leaves, and after some time, they fade. You can determine the infection by cutting the plant at the root - inside there is a change in the shade of the vessels, they become brown. The disease clogs the blood vessels. First of all, it leads to decay of the root system. A little later, growing, the spores settle in small roots, and then in large ones. Pepper seedlings die due to a malfunction in metabolic processes that occur subsequently when the vascular cells are clogged with fungal mycelia. They, in turn, release dangerous toxic substances.

Alternaria on pepper

For greenhouse peppers, this disease caused by Alternaria solani is rare and most often manifests itself in autumn. The main signs of infection are the appearance of black angular spots limited by leaf veins. Then pepper fruits are affected, which are covered with a characteristic black mold.

Pepper pests can be different, but the treatment regimen is always based on an integrated approach and the use of the most modern and effective means.

Cladosporiosis on pepper

Cladosporiosis (leaf mold, brown spotting). Leaves with petioles, stalks and fruit ovaries are affected. Light spots appear on the underside of the leaves, which then turn brown and become covered with bloom. Then similar spots appear on the upper side of the leaves. The ovary does not develop and falls off. The disease appears at the bottom of the plant and then spreads upward. Affected pepper bushes die. To prevent cladosporiosis, the growing seedlings of pepper are thinned out, seedlings are planted freely on the beds. When signs of illness appear, the plants are sprayed with a 0.2% solution of copper sulfate or garlic infusion.

The following are helpful tips to help prevent pests and diseases in peppers.

With insufficient pollination of flowers, irregularly shaped fruits may appear. To prevent this from happening, you need to make additional pollination. For this plant in hot, dry weather, you just need to shake.
Bitter and sweet peppers should be planted at a distance from each other. It is desirable, on different beds, so that mixing does not occur during the pollination period. Pepper should be protected from the wind. To do this, you need to plant plants behind tall crops, for example, legumes, beets, leeks. You can make a shelter from a film.
Do not plant pepper in dark places, otherwise, the harvest will be poor, and the fruits will be small.
Peppers do not need to be fed with a solution, otherwise there will be increased vegetation and diseased leaf mass, which will prevent the fruits from forming.

Pepper diseases can destroy the entire crop in a short period, photos and their treatment will help farm owners cope with the problem. Every year, vegetable growers suffer significant losses, so it is recommended to allocate enough time for timely preventive measures, disinfection of the soil and planting material. As you can see, there are a lot of pepper diseases, and each of them is easier to prevent than to treat. That is why many gardeners refuse to grow these whimsical southern plants and simply buy them in the fall at the market. By following all the recommendations, you will be able to get a good harvest on your site. And to reduce the likelihood of plant disease, buy hybrid seeds and disinfect them thoroughly. Diseases of peppers and the fight against them is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

There are many different pepper pests that can destroy plants or significantly reduce yields.

Symptoms and signs.

Almost impossible. Remove affected plant parts. During planting, observe crop rotation.

White rot is also called sclerotinia. This disease usually develops in the lower part of the plant. The disease is quite common.

Phytophthora on pepper: photo

There is a plant from the chamomile species - pyrethrum. It helps a lot to get rid of aphids. It is enough to put this flower near the seedlings, and all aphids will disappear, because this plant produces a substance that has a deadly effect on such insects.

remove weeds;

Aphids that appear on the leaves and then spread to the entire plant. This insect drinks all the juices, and as a result, the pepper dies.

Fusarium wilt, in which yellowed leaves and shoots wither;
With this disease, the leaves can also curl. But plus everything, deep black spots appear on the fruits themselves, as a result, the pepper rots right on the bush, and the leaves curl. The first cause of this disease is a lack of moisture, as well as a large amount of nitrogen in the soil and calcium deficiency.

Last season, I noticed that some bell (sweet) pepper bushes had twisted leaves. Some of the leaves were kind of curly. It was immediately difficult to figure out - this is the result of a pepper disease, or a lack of some nutrients in the soil, or pests prevent plants from developing normally. I started looking for the reason. It turned out that there are quite a lot of them and they are all different.

Medvedka: photo

garden23.ru

Bulgarian pepper disease - a consequence of improper care

Spots with a dark border appear on the fruits. infected fruits rot very quickly.

Black bacterial spot of pepper: photo

Symptoms and signs of the disease

Brown rot of pepper (late blight).
You still do not know what to do when aphids are on pepper seedlings, how to deal with it?
Before sowing, it is recommended to disinfect the seeds and soil.
Spider mite. It acts in the same way as aphids, but leaves a characteristic web.
Black leg - a disease characteristic of peppers grown in a greenhouse, manifested by blackening of the stem at the base, as a result, the plant dies;
How to deal with pepper blossom end rot? First, peppers need abundant regular watering. Secondly, spraying with a solution of calcium nitrate. For foliar treatment, a 0.2% solution is prepared (20 g of saltpeter per 10 liters of water). Calcium nitrate can be replaced with calcium chloride. Pharmacies sell ampoules with 10% calcium chloride. Dilute this ampoule in 30 parts of water. Spray the plants with a solution of this concentration. If the disease is running, then the treatment can be repeated after a week.
The leaves of peppers can curl for the most innocent reasons. In any year, it can happen that there is not enough sunlight, for example, there are cloudy days and the leaves begin to develop with defects: the veins of the leaf grow, and the leaf blades have slowed down growth. The same thing happens with pepper leaves if the plant does not have enough heat. How can you help here? We have not yet learned how to correct the weather.
Medvedka
Non-infectious pepper diseases are much safer than infectious diseases. They are generally safer than infectious ones and do not infect other plants. They appear due to violations of growing conditions and lack of nutrients.
Black bacterial spot

. In the lower part of the stem, the mycelium of the fungus begins to develop. This is the first sign of white rot. The most interesting thing happens inside the stem. Black solid formations appear there. Then the fruits are affected. They are covered with a white coating, become watery and covered with a coating.

Peppers, like tomatoes, are susceptible to a disease such as late blight. Late varieties are most susceptible to late blight. This is due to the fact that in the late months of summer weather conditions deteriorate noticeably, air humidity rises and the average daily temperature drops. There are ideal conditions for the development of phytophthora.

There are other insects that are predators for aphids, they eat it. Ladybugs love to feast on aphids, they eat it with pleasure. But in order to attract ladybugs to your garden, you need to grow a yarrow or find a more convenient way for you to attract these insects.

And, of course, under favorable weather conditions, when it is not very hot and not cold, no bell pepper disease will ruin your crop.

Naked slugs that damage fruits. As a result, they rot and become unusable.

Fusarium - a disease in which leaves are shed;

Throughout the entire period of the fight against the disease, it is necessary to pluck the infected fruits.

From a lack of potassium in the soil, the leaves of peppers also curl. As soon as you notice the first such leaves, feed the peppers with saltpeter. To do this, dissolve 1 tablespoon of saltpeter in 5 liters of water. For each plant, 0.5 liters of solution is enough. But do not forget to water the peppers first before adding top dressing. In general, any plants fertilize on moist soil. Immediately after that, pour half a glass of wood ash under each plant.

. Let's start with such a pest as a bear. Medvedka refers to insects that have pronounced digging abilities. Medvedki are most common in damp areas - near water bodies. Insects spend the winter in a heap of manure or compost, being in the larval and adult phase. From the earliest spring, with the onset of heat, it begins to damage and destroy pepper crops.

Lack of nitrogen

. This disease affects the entire plant - stems, leaves, fruits.

The fight against white rot.

Symptoms and signs

Destroy aphids and flower girls. For them to settle with you, it is enough to grow chamomile or marigolds or parsley and buckwheat.

There are several varieties of aphids, but green and black midges are considered the most harmful to garden and garden plants. An aphid is an insect that reaches half a centimeter in length and feeds on the juice of plants, which die in the process. It spoils cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes and many other vegetable crops. Such a tiny insect reproduces very quickly and also in large quantities. Not only do aphids feed on plants, they also secrete a sticky liquid in which sooty fungi appear, leading to the death of plants.
To combat all insects, the plant is sprayed with Karbofos or Keltan.

late blight - hard dark spots on fruits, more often at their ends;

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Aphids appeared on pepper seedlings, how to deal with it?

Bulgarian pepper or, as it is also called, sweet is a heat-loving plant. It comes from Africa and is used to the sun, warm breeze and low humidity. Therefore, in our climatic conditions, one or another disease of bell pepper or various pests may appear. Today we will talk about what diseases this plant is susceptible to, what insects can damage the crop, how to prevent this.

There are also many pests that cause leaf curl in peppers. These are aphids and spider mites. If you notice yellowness with spots on the leaves of peppers, then this is one of the first signs of aphid damage to the peppers. This is the reason for the twisting and yellowing of the pepper leaves in the picture above.

Fight with a bear

. Plants need nitrogen for proper growth and development of green mass. If the plant lacks nitrogen, it begins to turn yellow, the leaves dry up. This leads to a significant decrease in the number of inflorescences and fruits. The fruits are tied, but most of them begin to dry out. If you find such symptoms, immediately feed the plants with nitrogenous fertilizers. But don't overdo it. Too much nitrogen can improve stem and leaf growth, but will slow down fruit growth. Also, plants become less resistant to pests and pathogens of infectious diseases. It is important to find a middle ground here.

Symptoms and signs

As a preventive measure, always maintain normal soil moisture, do not overwater the plants. Always remove dying leaves and stems of stepchildren. If you find an affected area with white rot, then treat it with crushed coal or chalk.

. Brown rot (late blight) of pepper affects mainly the fruits and stems of the plant. Brown spots appear on the leaves, which are located along the edges. A peculiar plaque forms on the lower part of the leaf - spores of the pathogen fungus. Infected leaves dry up very quickly and fall off. Peculiar elongated brown spots can be observed on the stems. There is no raid on them. Rot appears on the fruits, which constantly develops, even during storage.

If aphids are on pepper seedlings, how to deal with it? No desire to attract other insects to your garden? There are other ways to fight.

When growing pepper seedlings, aphids are very dangerous, because, like peppers, they love heat very much and multiply very quickly in greenhouses, where seedlings are usually grown.

Care rules

Spotted wilt - leaves with a purple tint and brown spots, the fruits are ringed with rims from green to yellow;

Diseases of sweet pepper

And if thin spider webs appeared on the bushes, then a spider mite settled there.

. As a preventive measure against a bear, in May and June, periodic loosening of the row spacing to a depth of 15 centimeters is carried out to destroy the eggs. In stores today, a lot of funds are sold to fight the bear.

Potassium deficiency

. The defeat begins with the leaves. Very small black spots with a yellow border appear. Then the stem is affected. Exactly the same spots appear on it, but slightly elongated in shape. Spots 5-10 millimeters in size also appear on the fruits, which later form ulcers. The development of black bacterial spot is promoted by high temperature and humidity.

Gray mold of pepper: Photo

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Infectious and fungal diseases of pepper and their control.

Most often, pepper infection with late blight occurs due to the transfer of the disease from potatoes.

An effective remedy is spraying plants infected with aphids, but the desired result will only be if the solutions are prepared correctly: If an aphid appeared on pepper seedlings, then you should immediately start fighting it.

All diseases and pests of bell pepper in most cases are the result of errors in care. You need to know the following: Root rot - this disease can appear both on seedlings and on an adult plant.

Like all cultivated plants, bell pepper diseases (photo attached) are divided into viral, bacterial and fungal. Most often, signs of the following diseases can be found on this plant of the nightshade family:

To combat such pests, you can use insecticides Aktara, Bi-58. Aphids on pepper: Photo

. Potassium is required by plants for the formation of fruits. The main signs of potassium deficiency are the appearance of yellow dry spots in the middle or along the edges of the lower leaves. Leaves first turn brown, then droop and dry. If there are such signs, be sure to feed the pepper with potassium.

Fight against bacterial spotting Gray rot.

The fight against phytophthora 1. Take 250 grams of finely chopped garlic and pour two liters of boiling water. Insist for a day, then squeeze out and add 20-30 grams of soaked laundry soap to the resulting infusion, and then pour everything with water in an amount of 8 liters. For spraying, take 10 liters of water and 2 liters of infusion.

So, aphids on pepper seedlings, how to deal with this small but very dangerous pest? Water the pepper no more than twice a week with warm water;

How to treat bell pepper disease?

With white rot, the upper part of the plant fades, and the bottom of the stem rots; By the way, proven folk remedies also give a good effect. But you need to tinker a little to cook them.

Aphid lack of phosphorus

. Fighting bacterial spotting usually does not help. It is very important to follow the preventive measures of the disease. Select only healthy fruits for seeds, always destroy plant debris, disinfect seeds before planting. Gray rot most often affects plants that grow in film greenhouses or greenhouses. It is there that, as a rule, the regime of temperature and humidity is violated. A favorable environment for the development of gray rot is an air temperature of + 10-15 degrees and an air humidity of 80%.

. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to isolate plantings of pepper from plantings of potatoes and tomatoes. You can not neglect potash bait. Potassium significantly increases the resistance of plants to late blight. At the first manifestations of phytophthora, be sure to spray. Spraying is carried out according to the same tactics as tomatoes.

For the whole summer they fertilize up to five times with mullein, bird droppings, urea or complex mineral fertilizers; All these ailments appear due to high humidity or due to improper care. They are treated by drying the soil, loosening and sprinkling with wood ash. It is recommended to remove the affected bushes and burn them in order to prevent infection of other plants. If the disease has just begun to manifest itself, then the pepper is sprayed with fungicides or Fundazol.

Gray rot is characterized by light green spots on fruits and brown dots on them; Brew 1 cup of onion peel in 1 liter of boiling water. Leave to infuse for a day. Strain and spray the plants with this infusion. Processing is carried out every 5 days for 3 weeks.

. Aphids are a very dangerous pest for peppers. Aphids feed on leaves, stems and flowers of pepper.

. Phosphorus is used by plants to form roots. The main sign of a lack of phosphorus is the color of the leaves in a light purple color. If you do not make timely top dressing with phosphorus fertilizer, the stem will begin to deplete and dry out. Top rot of pepper: photo

Symptoms and signs White rot: Photo

Non-infectious diseases of pepper and their control.

3. Brew about 30 grams of dry mustard powder in half a liter of water, leave for three days with the lid closed. Then add water so that the total amount of liquid is ten liters.

These sucking pepper pests are killed by soapy water. You need to make a solution of soap and liquid dishwashing detergent, and then spray the plants. This is a very reliable tool for fighting aphids. Pinch the tops of the plant and remove extra stepchildren;

Pepper pests The base of the fruit, covered with brown spots, is a disease of bell pepper called brown rot;

To combat spider mites, you can use the following mixture. Grind onion (or garlic) in a meat grinder along with dandelion leaves. You should get 1 cup of onion (garlic) gruel and 1 cup of dandelion leaf gruel. Stir in the onion-or garlic-dandelion mixture and add 1 tablespoon of liquid soap for better stickiness. Pour everything with 10 liters of water and let the solution brew for 2-3 hours. With this solution, peppers can be treated from spider mites at any stage of plant development, even with fruits. The tool will not harm a person, it is poisonous only for pests. Fight against aphids

Growing lettuce peppers at home requires certain skills and knowledge. The enemy of gardeners No. 1 is dangerous diseases of pepper seedlings, which can destroy the fruits and the plants themselves. Some of them appear immediately after seed germination, others make themselves felt later. If you want to harvest a full-fledged crop, you should know how to save fragile seedlings and learn how to identify disease symptoms at an early stage. You need to navigate not only by the photo, but also by the descriptions.

Healthy bell pepper harvest

If there are no more than a dozen pests that can feed on the fruits and leaves of paprika, then pepper diseases in seedlings are much more common. Their appearance depends on changes in weather conditions, the nature of irrigation, the type of soil, the ingress of fungal spores and other nuances.

Diseases are fungal, viral or bacterial in nature.

It is not necessary to know all diseases, it is worth paying attention to the most common of them:

gray rot;
blackleg;
late blight;
fusarium wilt;
alternariosis;
cladosporiosis;
septoria;
sclerotinia;
verticella wilt of seedlings;
tobacco mosaic.

When you recognize the main symptoms and see photos of pepper diseases, the fight against them will become a targeted set of actions, because you will know what you are dealing with.

Healthy pepper seedlings for greenhouse

You can buy plant medicines at any seed or farm store.

Diagnostics and methods of treatment of plants

Please note that problems can arise with peppers that are grown both indoors and outdoors.

Gray rot of bell pepper

The causative agent of this pepper disease is the microorganism Botrytis cinerea. Excessive humidity in the greenhouse or on the open ground contributes to the defeat of the fungus, when the air temperature is below 20 ° C.

A sign of damage to gray rot is the appearance of watery spots on the pulp of fruits, leaves and even stems. If no action is taken in time, the spots will turn into gray mold.

Gray mold of pepper

Tips for the prevention and treatment of gray mold are as follows:

pick from the bush and destroy moldy peppers, including very small ones;
treat all plants with a fungicide, spraying even those that look healthy;
the development of the disease will help stop the thinning of the paprika rows so that air circulates better between the bushes;
if vegetables are grown in a greenhouse, it must be maintained at optimum humidity and ventilated.

Black leg - symptoms and prevention

It looks like a black leg on an adult bush

Preventive measures and treatment:

inspect seedlings daily, especially its root zone;
if darkening appears on the bushes, they should be treated with a weak solution of ordinary potassium permanganate;
if the plants have sprouted very densely, be sure to thin them out;
the soil should not be excessively damp - this leads to the development of a black leg;
if the greenhouse is too humid, ventilate it regularly, remembering to protect the seedlings from drafts.

As an effective way to prevent the development of a black leg, experienced gardeners recommend watering the soil in which the seeds will be planted with a solution of potassium permanganate (4-5 g per 10 l). You can also ignite the soil in the oven so that the fungi present in it die. Another way is to pour boiling water over the earth.

Black leg at the seedling

"Black leg" most often affects young shoots, after which the stem becomes thinner and they fade.

But there are cases when the disease harms already large pepper bushes. Usually the problem manifests itself as follows: the leaves begin to turn yellow, the stem at ground level changes color from green to dark brown, and its tissues in this area seem to be pressed inward. This happens due to a violation of the nutrition of plants.

Signs and prevention of late blight

Late blight, also known as Phytophthora infestans, is a disease caused by a fungus. The risk group includes plants that are in conditions of temperature changes or a sharp prolonged cold snap, as well as excessive humidity in the air and soil.

Phytophthora can insidiously infect peppers at any time during the growing season, but most often this occurs in the last phase of flowering.

Phytophthora on pepper leaves

Phytophthora looks like this on a plant:

large watery brown spots with a light green rim appear on the leaves;
watery spots form on the fruits;
the stem begins to rot, forming dark depressed spots on it;
the stalk dries out, and the root neck rots.

Phytophthora defeat of the entire bush

Preventive measures include choosing pepper varieties that are as resistant to this disease as possible, as well as disinfecting the site before planting seedlings. It is also important to observe crop rotation and carefully remove wilted plants from the garden after harvesting so that they do not become a "hotbed" for fungi.

If late blight is detected on the site, it is better to remove the infected plants from the garden.

Manifestations of Fusarium wilt and prevention

Unfortunately, Fusarium is a fatal disease of pepper seedlings that is not treated. When confirming its appearance, all diseased bushes will have to be destroyed, which is why it is so important to know about preventive measures. The causative agent of this dangerous lesion is the Fusarium fungus, which causes blockage of blood vessels in the stem of plants. The nutrition of the plant is disturbed, and it dies from wilting even with abundant watering.

Fusarium infection on pepper

To protect the crop from Fusarium wilt, the following measures should be taken:

choose varieties that are resistant to Fusarium fungus (for example, Elena F1);
always remove the remains of bushes from the garden;
treat purchased seeds with Fundazol, using 100 mg of the drug for every 10 g of pepper seeds.

Fusarium-infected peppers wither even when watered

It is possible to restrain the development of Fusarium with the help of Fundazol or Topsin-M, but this does not guarantee a cure if the fungus has already entered the vessels of the stems.

From the onset of the disease to the complete death of the fruit, it takes from 10 to 20 days, depending on the variety. If the disease affects the bushes already in the process of harvesting, then it is worth using drugs to prolong the life of the plants.

Symptoms and protection against alternariosis of pepper

Alternariosis, also known as dry spotting, is a disease caused by Alternaria solani. Its manifestation is most noticeable in the autumn, when the harvest time is approaching. Plants do not always die, but the quality of the fruit may suffer, and they will be unsuitable for sale. Most often, of course, bell pepper leaves suffer, due to which the efficiency of photosynthesis decreases.

Crop damage by dry spot

Symptoms of alternariosis (external manifestation):

angular spots appear on the leaves, limited by veins;
the color of the spots is black or dirty brown;
there are no patterns in the growth of spots, but their diameter, as a rule, does not expand more than 2 cm;
over time, dry spotting takes on a rounded forum and can move to stems and fruits;
on the fruits of paprika, alternariosis has several forms - at first these are watery spots, then they darken and become covered with a mold-like coating.

To prevent damage by dry spotting, the remains of fruit-bearing plants should be removed from the soil.

This will reduce the amount of infection on the ground, but for complete disinfection, you need to steam or process it. You can stop pepper seedling disease from developing for up to 3 weeks by spraying the bushes with strobillurins. During the season, this method can be used 2 times.

Alternariosis affected

Pepper damage by cladosporiosis and methods of protection

The fungus Fulvia fulva that causes this pepper disease is spread by spores. You can spread them around the site yourself, because they stick to clothes, garden tools and even the walls of the greenhouse. When the spores enter the plant, the disease manifests itself as a brown spot on the outside of the leaves, and a gray coating appears on the inside. After that, cladosporiosis leads to the death of the leaves, from which the plant may die.

Spots of cladosporiosis on a leaf

Prevention measures:

spring treatment of greenhouses by burning sulfur blocks;
autumn treatment of tools and greenhouses with a solution of copper sulfate. It is also worth treating the soil with such a solution (for 10 liters of water, 1 cup of vitriol);
choose varieties for growing that are not afraid of cladosporiosis;
do not plant pepper every year in one place (observe crop rotation);
treat plants with a fungicide when signs of disease occur and reduce watering.

Processing pepper with infusion of garlic will save the harvest

If you encounter cladosporiosis at the fruiting stage of peppers, you can fight the disease with natural remedies.

The treatment of plants with an infusion of chopped garlic helps a lot (infuse 3 liters of water and a glass of chopped garlic for 10 days). After that, take a glass of infusion for 10 liters of water and spray the plants.

Features of the defeat and treatment of septoria

Septoria, also known as white spot, is a fungal disease that can destroy about half of the lettuce crop. The provocateur of its spread is hot and rainy weather, when it is easiest for the spores of the fungus to get on the plants. Outwardly, you can distinguish septoria by the presence of white spots on the leaves with a small frame. A little later, they will be covered with black dots - spores. Without treatment, the leaves will dry out, and the disease will go further - to the fruits and stem.

Septoria leaf spot

First, the disease affects the lower part, giving preference to old leaves, then it passes to the upper ones. Over time, white spots merge and completely cover the surface of the leaf blade. As soon as you notice signs of septoria, spray the bushes with a preparation containing copper. Repeat the treatment after 14 days.

Remember that the pathogen will remain in the soil, so the soil must be processed in the new season.

Sclerotinia and its symptoms

The disease develops at air temperatures below 18-20°C and humidity above 80%, affecting the basal part of the sweet pepper stem. The fungus covers the tissues with a white coating, under which black formations are hidden. If the disease has affected the fruits, they become soft and also covered with bloom.

Prevention measures include creating optimal conditions for plants, timely removal of diseased bushes from the garden, and plucking diseased leaves.

Fluffy white coating is a sign of sclerotinia

Verticella wilt of lettuce

In some ways, this disease resembles the tobacco mosaic virus, because in both cases the vascular system of the stem is susceptible to attack. The characteristic signs of the onset of verticella wilt are the too dark color of the leaves and their noticeably smaller size. Another warning sign is when some plants are stunted compared to others. There are other symptoms of pepper verticillosis:

yellow spots appear on the lower leaves, which then spread to the entire surface of the plate;
diseased plants do not give an ovary, and if the fungus is already struck at the fruiting stage, the peppers become shriveled and grow poorly;
signs of the disease spread from the bottom of the stem to the top, leading to the death of the crop.

Verticellosis of pepper kills the plant gradually

Viral mosaic of sweet pepper

Tobacco pepper leaf mosaic

Tobacco mosaic is a viral disease that is difficult to cope with. If you find affected bushes, you will have to uproot and burn them so that the virus does not spread to other plants.

Outwardly, you can recognize tobacco mosaic by changing the pattern on the leaves - they are covered with light and dark green spots, really resembling a mosaic pattern. When moving to fruits, the virus thins their skin and forms dark depressed spots.

Indented spots on pepper

Cultivation of sweet pepper can overshadow various diseases of this crop, but with proper care and timely detection of signs of damage, you will be able to get a decent harvest.

Now you know what pepper seedling diseases look like, and you will be able to respond quickly and correctly. If necessary, contact specialists to choose reliable preparations for the treatment of bushes.

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