Show political map of the center of Europe. Europe map with countries large in Russian

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Foreign Europe. Composition, political map. This topic is the first not only in the section of lessons devoted to Foreign Europe, but also the first in the regional geography of the 10th grade. You will get to know the old Europe, which continues to play a leading role in the modern economy due to its financial, geopolitical influences and features of the economic and geographical position. The teacher will tell in detail about the composition, borders, history, countries of Foreign Europe.

Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe

Lesson:Foreign Europe. Composition, political map

Europe is a part of the world with an area of ​​​​about 10 million km² (of which 5.1 million km² fall on Foreign Europe, in relation to the CIS countries) and a population of 740 million people (about 10-11% of the world's population). The average height is about 300 m, the maximum is 4808 m, Mount Blanc.

Rice. 1. Mont Blanc

Features of the geographical location:

1. The length from north to south (from the island of Svalbard to the island of Crete) is 5 thousand km, and from west to east - more than 3 thousand km.

2. Relief "mosaic" of its territory: lowlands and elevated territories. Among the mountains of Europe, most of the average height. The borders pass mainly along such natural boundaries that do not create obstacles for transport links.

3. High degree of indentation of the coastline.

4. Coastal position of most countries. The average distance from the sea is 300 km. In the western part of the region there is no place more than 480 km away from the sea, in the eastern part - 600 km.

5. The "depth" of the territory of most countries is small. So in Bulgaria and Hungary there is no place that would be removed from the borders of these countries by more than 115-120 km.

6. Neighborhood favorable for integration processes.

7. Favorable position in terms of contacts with the rest of the worlds, because located at the junction with Asia and Africa, far advanced into the ocean - "a large peninsula of Eurasia."

8. Diversity of natural resources, but non-complex distribution across countries, many deposits are largely depleted.

Europe is usually divided into Northern and Southern, Western and Eastern, this is rather conditional, especially since not only purely geographical, but also political factors come into play here.

A single economic, political and financial space is being formed in foreign Europe.

The vast majority of countries are members of the UN. Switzerland joined the UN in September 2002, NATO members - 14 countries, EU members - 15 countries. Most of the countries belong to the industrialized group. Four countries: Germany, Great Britain, France and Italy are part of the "big seven countries of the West." A special place on the economic map of the region is occupied by post-socialist countries or countries with economies in transition.

Council of Europe- an international organization that promotes cooperation between all European countries in the field of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, legality and cultural interaction. Founded in 1949, the Council of Europe is Europe's oldest international organization. The best-known organs of the Council of Europe are the European Court of Human Rights, acting in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia.

Rice. 2. Emblem of the Council of Europe

After the collapse of the socialist regimes, the situation changed markedly. Most of the countries of the former "socialist camp" reoriented towards Western structures. Currently, more than half of the states of Europe are members of the European Union and NATO, and almost all the rest declare their desire to join these organizations.

The following events had the greatest influence on the formation of the political map of Europe: the First World War, the Second World War, the collapse of the USSR and the entire world socialist system. Until the mid-1980s, there were 32 sovereign states, including microstates. Since the beginning of the 90s - about 40 states.

At present, there are more than 40 states in Europe. Most of the states in the form of government are republics, 12 monarchies. According to the administrative - territorial structure, all countries (except Belgium, Germany, Austria and Switzerland) are unitary. Largest countries by area: France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland. Largest countries by population: Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy. Four states of foreign Europe are members of the Big Seven: France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain. Germany is considered the main economy of Europe.

Rice. 3. Political map of Europe

Homework

Topic 6, Item 1

1. What are the features of the geographical and economic-geographical position of the countries of foreign Europe?

2. What regions (sub-regions) are distinguished in Foreign Europe?

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. Grades 10-11: textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10 Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012 - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography. Textbook./ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real tasks of the USE: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010.- 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 "/ E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Study guide for geography. Tests and practical tasks in geography / I.A. Rodionov. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996. - 48 p.

9. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2009: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.

10. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009 - 240 p.

11. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

12. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.

13. USE 2012. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2011. - 288 p.

14. USE 2011. Geography: Standard examination options: 31 options / ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements ().

2. Federal portal Russian Education ().

6. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe ().

In the East and Southeast (on the border with Asia) border of Europe considered to be the ridge of the Ural Mountains. The extreme points of this part of the world are considered: in the North - Cape Nordkin 71° 08' north latitude. In the south, the extreme point is considered Cape Maroki which is located at 36° north latitude. In the west, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Destiny, located 9 ° 34 'East longitude, and in the east - the eastern part of the foot of the Urals up to about Baidaratskaya Bay, located at 67° 20' East longitude.
The western and northern shores of Europe are washed by the North, Baltic Sea and the Bay of Biscay, and the Mediterranean, Marmara and Azov - deeply cut into from South. The seas of the Arctic Ocean - Norwegian, Barents, Kara, White - wash Europe in the far north. In the southeast, there is the endorheic Caspian Sea-Lake, formerly part of the ancient Mediterranean-Black Sea basin.

Europe is a part of the world, most of which is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Strait of Gibraltar separates it from Africa, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles from Asia, the eastern and southeastern conditional border runs along the eastern foothills of the Urals and along the main Caucasian ridge.
Europe as a continent is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is a large single monolith with Asia, and therefore the division into Europe is more of a historical than physical-geographical nature. Secondly, it is relatively small in area - about 10.5 million square kilometers. (together with the European part of Russia and Turkey), that is, the largest from Canada is only 500 thousand square kilometers. Only Australia is smaller than Europe. Thirdly, a significant part of the territory of Europe consists of peninsulas - the Iberian, Apennine, Balkan, Scandinavian. Fourth, the mainland of Europe is surrounded by fairly large islands (Great Britain, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya, Iceland, Sicily, Sardinia, etc.), which significantly expand its territory. Fifthly, Europe is the only continent that does not occupy the tropics, which means that the natural diversity of climatic zones and vegetation zones is somewhat lower here.

Europe has been and remains an important macro-region in the political, economic and cultural life of the entire planet.
There are 43 independent states within Europe. They are small and fairly compact in size. The largest states in Europe are France, Spain, Sweden, which occupy an area of ​​603.7; 552.0; 504.8; 449.9 thousand km2. is a Eurasian power, occupying an area of ​​17.1 million km2. Only twelve countries have an area from 100 to 449 thousand km2. 19 countries have an area from 20 to 100 thousand km2. The smallest area is occupied by the so-called countries - the dwarfs of the Vatican, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta.
All European countries, with the exception of the Vatican, are members of the United Nations.
For a long time Europe of the XX century. was divided into two parts - East and West. The first included the former so-called socialist countries (Central-Eastern or Central and Eastern Europe), and the second - capitalist (Western Europe). The events of the late 80s and early 90s radically changed the nature of the modern era. The collapse of the socialist system led to the unification of the German lands into a single state (1990), the formation of independent independent states on the territory of the former Soviet Union (1991), the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1992, Czechoslovakia - in 1993 All this should not only be political, but also of great economic importance. Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe, as well as the countries of the Adriatic-Black Sea subregion, are gradually creating a market economy.

A new phase of detente, which began in the late 80s and early 90s of the XX century, created a completely new situation. The idea of ​​a common European home from the Atlantic to the Urals has become an objective reality. Conditions have been created for the existence of various forms of integration in various regions of Europe, including Central-Eastern and Eastern Europe. The first such "swallow" in the conditions of the new Europe was an attempt to create an interstate association back in the early 1990s, which the neighboring states of Austria, Hungary, Italy and the former Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia called "Pentagonalia" (now "Octagonal"). This combination of states with different political and socio-economic status has shown that neighboring states have many common problems (environmental protection, energy use, cooperation in the field of culture, scientific and technical progress). After the collapse of the CMEA, a geopolitical vacuum arose in Central-Eastern Europe. The countries are looking for a way out of it in regional and subregional integration. So, in February 1991, the Visegrad sub-regional association arose as part of Poland, Hungary and the former Czechoslovakia, which aimed to accelerate the entry of these countries into pan-European integration processes.

Shores of Europe heavily indented by bays and straits, there are many peninsulas and islands. The largest peninsulas are Scandinavian, Jutland, Iberian, Apennine, Balkan and Crimean. They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of ​​Europe. The area of ​​the European islands exceeds 700 thousand km2. These are Novaya Zemlya, the archipelago of Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland. In the Mediterranean Sea there are such large islands as Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia.Sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean - the Norwegian, Barents, Kara , White - washed in the north of Europe . In the southeast is the undrained Caspian Sea-lake.

Coast of strongly indented bays and straits , there are many peninsulas and islands .The largest peninsula - Scandinavian , Jutland , Iberian , Apennine , Balkan and Crimea .They occupy about 1/4 of the total area of ​​Europe.

European islands area exceeds 700 km2 .This Novaya Zemlya archipelago of Franz Josef Land , Spitsbergen , Iceland , UK, Ireland .In the Mediterranean, there are such large islands as Corsica , Sicily , Sardinia.

In the waters around the coast of the European land transport cross paths that lead to Africa and America , as well as bind Europe together.

Interactive map of Europe online with cities. Satellite and classical maps of Europe

Europe is a part of the world located in the northern hemisphere of the Earth (on the continent of Eurasia). The map of Europe shows that its territory is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The area of ​​the European part of the mainland is more than 10 million square kilometers. Approximately 10% of the world's population (740 million people) lives on this territory.

Satellite map of Europe at night

Geography of Europe

In the 18th century, V.N. Tatishchev proposed to accurately determine the eastern border of Europe: along the ridge of the Ural Mountains and the Yaik River to the Caspian Sea. At present, on a satellite map of Europe, one can see that the eastern border runs along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, along the Mugodzhar mountains, along the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Kume and Manych rivers, and also along the mouth of the Don.

Approximately ¼ of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas; 17% of the territory is occupied by mountains such as the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians, the Caucasus, etc. The highest point in Europe is Mont Blanc (4808 m), and the lowest is the Caspian Sea (-27 m). The largest rivers of the European part of the mainland are the Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Rhine, Don and others.

Peak Mont Blanc - the highest point in Europe

States of Europe

The political map of Europe shows that approximately 50 states are located on this territory. It is worth noting that only 43 states are officially recognized by other countries; five states are located in Europe only partially, and 2 countries have limited recognition or are not recognized at all by other countries.

Europe is often divided into several parts: Western, Eastern, Southern and Northern. Western European countries include Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Liechtenstein, Ireland, France, Monaco, Luxembourg, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

On the territory of Eastern Europe are Belarus, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland and Romania.

Political map of Europe

On the territory of Northern Europe are the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic countries: Denmark, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden, Finland and Iceland.

Southern Europe is San Marino, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Vatican City, Greece, Andorra, Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Malta and Slovenia.

Partly in Europe are countries such as Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. The unrecognized entities include the Republic of Kosovo and the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic.

Danube river in Budapest

Politics of Europe

In the field of politics, the leaders are the following states of Europe: France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. To date, 28 European states are part of the European Union - a supranational association that determines the political, trade and monetary activities of the participating countries.

Also, many European countries are part of NATO - a military alliance in which, in addition to European countries, the United States and Canada take part. Finally, 47 states are members of the Council of Europe, an organization that implements programs to protect human rights, protect the environment, and so on.

Events on Maidan in Ukraine

For 2014, the main centers of instability are Ukraine, where hostilities unfolded after Russia annexed Crimea and the events on the Maidan, as well as the Balkan Peninsula, where the problems that arose after the collapse of Yugoslavia have not yet been resolved.

Note to the tourist

Satellite map of Europe. Explore satellite map of Europe online in real time. A detailed map of Europe is based on high-resolution satellite imagery. As close as possible, a satellite map of Europe allows you to explore in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Europe. The map of Europe from the satellite easily switches to the normal map mode (scheme).

Countries of Europe. Satellite maps of European countries:

Europe- one of the parts of the world, which, together with Asia, is part of the mainland. More than 700 million people live in Europe in 50 states. It is washed by the waters of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, as well as the waters of their seas.

The relief of Europe is varied, but most of it is occupied by plains. The mountainous regions are only 17% of the entire territory of the country with the highest point at 5642 meters. There are several climatic zones in Europe, but mostly in most European countries there is a moderate type of climate, which is characterized by warm or hot summers and cold winters with snowfalls.

Europe- a contrasting and diverse part of the world with many countries, each of which has its own traditions, its own culture and its own sights. Those wishing to see European architectural masterpieces and learn more about the culture and history of European states of the past should go to Germany or Austria with countless medieval castles, France with its Eiffel Tower or Great Britain with the amazing atmosphere of London.

Those who want to spend time at sea, it is better to choose the resorts of Bulgaria, Italy or Spain, since these countries are favorite places for summer beach holidays for both European and tourists from other countries. Fans of active winter holidays should spend their holidays in the ski resorts of Austria or Switzerland, the best not only in Europe, but throughout the world.

Europe is part of the Eurasian continent. This part of the world is home to 10% of the world's population. Europe owes its name to the heroine of ancient Greek mythology. Europe is washed by the seas of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Inland seas - Black, Mediterranean, Marmara. The eastern and southeastern border of Europe runs along the Ural Range, the Emba River and the Caspian Sea.

In ancient Greece, it was believed that Europe is a separate continent that separates the Black and Aegean Seas from Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea from Africa. Later it was found that Europe is only part of a huge mainland. The area of ​​the islands that make up the continent is 730 thousand square kilometers. 1/4 of the territory of Europe falls on the peninsulas - the Apennine, Balkan, Kola, Scandinavian and others.

The highest point in Europe is the top of Mount Elbrus, which is 5642 meters above sea level. On the map of Europe with cities, it can be seen that the largest lakes in the region are Geneva, Peipus, Onega, Ladoga and Balaton.

All European countries are divided into 4 regions - Northern, Southern, Western and Eastern. Europe includes 65 countries. 50 countries are independent states, 9 are dependent and 6 are unrecognized republics. Fourteen states are islands, 19 are inland, and 32 countries have access to the oceans and seas. The map of Europe in Russian shows the borders of all European states. Three states have their own territories, both in Europe and in Asia. These are Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Spain, Portugal and France have part of their territory in Africa. Denmark and France have their territories in America.

The European Union consists of 27 countries, and NATO members - 25. The Council of Europe has 47 states. The smallest state in Europe is the Vatican, and the largest is Russia.

The collapse of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the division of Europe into East and West. Eastern Europe is the largest region of the continent. In the Slavic countries, the Orthodox religion prevails, in the rest - Catholicism. Cyrillic and Latin scripts are used. Western Europe unites Latin-speaking states. This part of the continent is the most economically developed part in the world. The Scandinavian and Baltic states unite to form Northern Europe. South Slavic, Greek and Romance countries form Southern Europe.