Lack of soap in the feces of the baby. Macroscopic and microscopic indicators in the general analysis of feces in children and adults

These are small fragments of processed food and dead bacterial cells resulting from the action of digestive enzymes. Normally, in a healthy person, formed feces of a dense consistency containing a high consistency of detritus are excreted.

By itself, the indicator of the coprogram cannot indicate any pathology, but if mucus, leukocytes, and epithelial cells are found in the feces, an inflammatory process is diagnosed. An increased amount of detritus is observed with constipation, delayed excretion of excrement from the body. At the same time, during the study, undigested fiber, feces of a solid consistency are detected.

During diarrhea:

the volume of detritus is sharply reduced;
loose stool, contains a lot of water;
digestion is disturbed;
nutrients cannot be absorbed;
intestinal microflora changes;
in the feces there are pathogens (up to 50% of the composition), epithelium, starch and other pathological components.

With inflammation of the pancreas, liver, gallbladder or choledochus, the composition of feces includes fatty detritus, consisting of processed food fragments, bacteria, fungi and free lipids that could not be broken down due to insufficient production of bile acids, gland enzymes.

Research methods

Fecal analysis - a coprogram is carried out by microscopy, the fragment is rubbed between glass slides and its composition is evaluated. If the faeces are too dense, add a small amount of water or sodium chloride solution and grind it with a glass rod until a homogeneous consistency is obtained.

To identify iodophilic microflora, fatty acid crystals, drops of neutral lipids, staining reagents are used that change the color of the pathological component.

In microscopic analysis of feces, detritus is the main background, it is a mass of granular components. The more fully the digestion of food occurs, the more detritus and the less differentiable elements will be.

During the decoding of the results of the coprogram, organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators are indicated. Based on the data obtained, the doctor evaluates the properties of feces, reveals pathological inclusions that indicate the development of any disease of the intestinal tract, changes in acidity, microflora and the total volume of digested food fragments.

Permissible detritus content

There is no clear quantitative indicator, in the results of the coprogram opposite the “detritus” column, as a rule, they put one or more pluses.

a large number - (+++++);
the minimum content of detritus in feces - (+);
very small amount - (+/-).

During the decoding of the coprogram, the doctor takes into account the presence of pathological indicators in the composition of the feces, the patient's complaints, the data of the instrumental diagnostic study and the general condition of the patient. Therefore, only a specialist can correctly explain the answer of the analysis.

Causes of changes in the content of detritus in feces

For normal digestion of food, the pancreas produces special enzymes, the liver begins to actively secrete bile, in case of malfunction of the organs, food stagnates in the duodenum, is not fully broken down and absorbed. As a result, the amount of detritus decreases or increases.

Reasons for changing the results of the coprogram:

pancreatitis;
cholecystitis;
cholelithiasis;
ulcerative colitis;
malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract;
enteritis;
dysbacteriosis;
irritable bowel syndrome;
Crohn's disease;
intestinal infection;
colitis;
stomach ulcer;
gastritis with high acidity.

The presence of detritus in the studied feces is not a pathology, but indicates the normal functioning of the digestive system. It is possible to diagnose inflammatory diseases, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with a change in acidity, additional detection of mucus, pus, red blood cells, traces of undigested fiber, a large number of white blood cells and bacteria.

Good time of the day! To begin with, being my youngest child 2 years old (this is a year ago), we ran into trouble with the gastrointestinal tract - constipation (weekly, feces like plasticine, it seems all red from pushing, but nothing comes out - sorry for the details), abdominal pain, refusal to eat. They even almost put us in the hospital on suspicion of intestinal obstruction. It seems that they were observed by a professional (children's gastroenterologist), who prescribed Duphalac to us (we drank it in liters), mezim, bifidum, corn columns with ...

Deciphering the coprogram

Good afternoon. Tell me, please, with tactics. Boy 9 months old A month on Frisopep due to the presence of an allergy to BCM. The chair is liquid green several times a day, the rash does not go away. In view of the increase in the act of defecation, they began to give Baktisubtil. al on the day of treatment became yellow, twice a day with a normal smell, the rash began to disappear sharply. Nona On the 6th day of treatment, the nature and frequency of defecation changed, heterogeneity, mucus and a pungent odor appeared. Baktisubtil was cancelled. Cal immediately became angry again, homogeneous in the morning, in the evening (until...

It is prescribed to determine the state and function of the digestive organs. Such a study of feces helps to identify the presence of inflammatory and infectious lesions of the digestive system in a child. Also, with the help of a coprogram in the feces, it is possible to detect occult blood (to diagnose internal bleeding) and worm eggs.

Norm

In order to be able to decipher the coprogram, one should know what characteristics of the stool are being examined and what their normal values are. Note that in a small child, the type of feeding affects the characteristics of feces.

Indicator	Infants breastfed	Formula-fed infants	Children over one year old
Quantity (grams per day)			100 to 250
	Yellow, possibly greenish or mustard	brown or yellow	brown
Consistency	mushy	putty	Decorated (sausage-shaped)
	Slightly sour	pronounced, putrid	Specific fecal, but not sharp
pH value (acidity)	4.8 to 5.8 (slightly acidic)	6.8 to 7.5 (slightly alkaline)	6 to 8 (slightly alkaline)
	May be found in low numbers
Leukocytes	May be single	May be single	Single
Sterkobilin			75 to 350 mg per day
Bilirubin			Should be missing
Ammonia (in mmol/kg)	not defined	not defined
Muscle fibers	Can be found in small quantities	Can be found in small quantities	Not detected
	Not detected	Not detected	Not detected
Soluble protein	Not detected	Not detected	Not detected
	In a small amount	In a small amount	In small quantity
connective tissue fibers	Not detected	Not detected	Not detected
Digestible fiber fibers	Not detected	Not detected	Not detected
	In different quantities	In different quantities	In different quantities
	Not detected	Not detected	Not detected
Fatty acid		In low quantity, represented by crystals	Not detected
Neutral fat	in the form of drops	In small quantity

Possible reasons for deviations

Quantity

The amount of feces can be influenced by the nutrition of the baby - if he eats more plant foods, then the volume of stools may increase, and when eating food of animal origin, on the contrary, the volume of feces decreases.

Possible causes of pathological changes in stool volume are:

Coloring

The color of the stool is affected by the child's diet and the use of medicines.

Color	Possible reasons
Brown (dark shade)	Excess in the diet of protein foods; Putrid dyspepsia; Indigestion in the stomach; Colitis; constipation; Hemolytic jaundice;
Brown (light shade)	Excess in the diet of plant foods;
	Acceleration of intestinal peristalsis; The use of a considerable amount of greens;
yellow light	Excess in the diet of dairy products; Dyspepsia; pancreatitis;
yellow bright	Rapid evacuation of feces from the intestines (diarrhea).
	The use of dark-colored products (blueberries, grapes, beets, currants and others); The use of iron preparations; Bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract;
With a red tint	Ulcerative colitis; Bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract; Eating food with red dyes;
Greenish black	Intestinal infection The use of iron supplements
whitish gray	Hepatitis; pancreatitis; Blocked bile ducts.
Rice congee colors
Pea soup colors	Typhoid fever

Consistency

The consistency of bowel movements is determined by the amount of liquid in the baby's stool. Approximately 70-75% of the secretions are water, and the rest are cells from the intestines, food debris and dead microorganisms.

Smell

Normal fecal odor is specific but not pungent. It is due to the fermentation processes that the normal bacterial flora causes in the intestines. The smell becomes weaker if the child has constipation or a plant-based diet, and the smell intensifies with excess meat in the diet or diarrhea.

The presence of a fetid pungent odor suggests that putrefactive processes predominate in the intestinal lumen.

Strong sour smell of baby's stool indicates an increase in the amount of fatty acids in the stool.

Acidity

The acid-base state of feces is associated with the bacterial flora that lives in the intestine. If the bacteria are in excess, the pH of the feces shifts to the acid side. Also, such a shift is typical for excessive consumption of carbohydrate products.

If the child consumes a lot of proteins or he has diseases associated with impaired protein digestion (as a result, putrefactive processes may increase in the intestine), then the acidity becomes more alkaline.

Slime

Epithelial cells in the intestines normally produce mucus to help move baby feces through the digestive tract. In the feces of a healthy child, visible mucus occurs only in the first 6 months of life when breastfeeding.

In other cases, the presence of visible mucus in the stool indicates:

intestinal infections;
irritable bowel syndrome;
celiac disease;
Malabsorption syndrome;
Lactase deficiency;
hemorrhoids;
Polyposis in the intestine;
Diverticula in the intestine;
Cystic fibrosis.

Leukocytes

Normally, such cells enter the child's feces in small quantities and can be represented in the field of view of the microscope up to 8-10 pieces. An increase in the number of white blood cells in the stool is characteristic of infectious and inflammatory lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Read more about leukocytes in feces in children in another article.

To determine the pathology, the type of leukocytes is also important:

Sterkobilin

This bile pigment is responsible for the normal color of feces. It is formed in the large intestine from bilirubin. The amount of stercobilin is determined in older children. With its increase, feces are called hypercholic. Such a stool is characteristic of increased bile secretion and hemolytic anemia.

If the stercobilin in the feces is less than normal, such a stool is acholic. It is characteristic of hepatitis, pancreatitis and problems with the gallbladder.

Bilirubin

This pigment normally enters the baby's feces only at an early age, especially when breastfeeding. It gives the feces a greenish tint. In children older than a year, only the decay products of this pigment are excreted with feces.

If bilirubin is found in the stool, then this may confirm problems with the intestinal flora (often this is dysbacteriosis after the use of antibiotics). Also, bilirubin is detected with diarrhea, since feces are quickly evacuated from the intestines.

Muscle fibers

Such fibers appear in the feces as a result of the digestion of food of animal origin. Normally, when the digestive function is not disturbed, a very small number of muscle fibers enter the feces, while they lose their transverse striation.

If this indicator is increased (this phenomenon is called creatorrhoea), then the child may have:

Dyspepsia;
Accelerated peristalsis (diarrhea);
pancreatitis;
Achilia;
Gastritis (it can be hypoacid or anacid).

Blood

Usually, blood in the baby's stool should not be detected. It can appear in the stool in a visible amount when:

Polyps in the rectum;
ulcerative colitis;
hemorrhoids;
Proctitis;
Tumors of the colon;
Crohn's disease;
Ischemic colitis;
Colon diverticulosis.

If the blood has entered the stool in small quantities, it may not be visible externally, but is detected by a reaction to occult blood. If the reaction is positive, then it indicates the presence of:

gum disease;
peptic ulcer;
nosebleeds;
Varicose veins in the esophagus;
Tumor process in the gastrointestinal tract;
Mallory-Weiss syndrome;
dysentery;
Colitis;
Tuberculosis of the intestine;
worms;
Hemorrhagic vasculitis;
typhoid fever, etc.

Soluble protein

If such inclusions are found in the feces, although they are not normally found, then the cause may be:

Bleeding in the digestive tract;
Inflammatory processes in the digestive system;
Ulcerative colitis;
Putrid form of dyspepsia;
celiac disease

Soaps

This type of inclusion is normally present in small amounts in children's feces and is leftover from the digestion of fats.

If there are no soaps in the feces, then the function of processing fats in the digestive tract is impaired. This happens when:

Pancreatitis, when the function of enzyme production is impaired;
Fermentative dyspepsia;
Problems with the production of bile, as well as with its entry into the small intestine (liver and gallbladder diseases);
Accelerated movement of feces through the digestive system;
Impaired absorption of substances in the intestine.

Connective tissue fibers in stool

If such fibers were found in children's feces, then they indicate problems with the digestion of food of animal origin. Possible causes may be gastritis with reduced secretory function or pancreatitis, as well as diarrhea.

vegetable fiber

In the analysis of feces, only the presence of fiber, which is digested in the intestine, is taken into account. Normally, it is this type of dietary fiber that should be absent, unlike fiber, which is not digested (it occurs in feces and indicates the use of plant foods).

Digestible vegetable fiber is detected in the stool when:

pancreatitis;
ulcerative colitis;
Anacid, as well as hypoacid gastritis;
The use of plant products in large volumes;
Putrid dyspepsia;
Accelerated passage of food through the intestines with diarrhea.

Detritus

This is the name of the part of the feces, represented by digested food, microbes and epithelial intestinal cells. The higher this indicator in the coprogram, the better the child digests food.

Presence of starch

This type of carbohydrate, found in cereals, fruits and vegetable dishes, should normally be absent in the feces. If it is found in the stool, then perhaps the child:

Gastritis;
pancreatitis;
Diarrhea;
Fermentative dyspepsia;

Fatty acid

They are a product of the digestion of fats. And if in babies up to a year such acids may be present in the feces, then in older children their detection indicates:

Disorders of the pancreas;
Diarrhea (food leaves the intestines too quickly);
problems with intestinal absorption;
Problems with the production of bile, as well as its entry into the intestines;
Fermentative dyspepsia.

Detection of neutral fat in feces

A small amount of it is acceptable for the analysis of the feces of children of the first year of life, since their enzyme system is not yet fully developed. Older children should not have neutral fat in the stool, since it is completely processed by the body for energy. If neutral fat is found in the child's feces, then the reasons will be the same as when fatty acids are detected in the stool.

Other pathological inclusions

The presence of larvae, segments and eggs of helminths is detected in helminthiases, and the presence of Giardia in the feces indicates giardiasis. Pus can get into the feces if there is an abscess or suppuration in the intestines.

The concept of "detritus" sounds somehow dangerous and threatening. Therefore, when the patient learns that this substance was found in his analysis, he immediately asks the question, what is it? Young parents are especially afraid of detritus in the feces of a baby.

In fact, most of the feces consist of it. These are tiny particles of digested food, as well as already destroyed bacteria. By the amount of this substance, you can determine how well food is digested in the body. Therefore, this is absolutely normal.

Detritus in the stool of a child

Parents of even the smallest children should not be afraid when they see the results of the analysis of this concept. Rather, on the contrary, this indicates that the baby's intestines are working perfectly, and his diet is correct and varied. In itself, the presence of this substance in the mass of feces does not indicate a violation or pathology of the child's body, and is also not a symptom of any disease.

It is worth worrying only if the detritus in the feces of an adult or a child is combined with any other foreign components for analysis, for example, mucus or blood. In this case, you need to immediately seek help from a specialist who, most likely, will prescribe to the patient all the necessary additional tests and examinations, as a result of which he will establish the cause of such a change in the composition of feces. Perhaps this indicates a developing dysbacteriosis in the body.

In other words, detritus itself is the norm, and it can become a dangerous symptom and signal of the body about any problems with the gastrointestinal tract and its microflora only in some combinations with other additional symptoms. Only a doctor can dispel or confirm the suspicions of any patient. It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis on your own in this case.

It is difficult to say how much a healthy person should contain detritus in the feces, the norm varies depending on various signs. For example, the age of the patient and the individual characteristics of his body. It is enough to know that such a diagnosis is not a terrible dangerous disease. If there are still reasons for concern, then after appropriate tests, the doctor will establish the causes of the problem that has arisen, be sure to inform the patient about them and prescribe the necessary therapy.

Detritus is small particles of processed dietary fiber, dead cell structures of bacteria, which are formed as a result of the action of digestive system enzymes. Normally, in humans, feces are excreted in the form of a dense mass with a high content of detritus.

The presence of this substance in itself cannot indicate the presence of any pathology in the patient, but if the feces contain unacceptable impurities such as blood, leukocytes, mucus, then this indicates the presence of a pathology.

With a multiple magnification of the microscope, detritus looks like granular and various-sized, amorphous formations of unknown origin. If the patient's digestive processes are normal, then a significant amount of detritus will always be released with feces.

This substance is formed under the influence of digestive enzymatic components and beneficial intestinal microflora. The detritus also contains remnants of the superficial epithelial layers of the intestine.

The substance contains erythrocytes, a mucous component, leukocytes and other components, but they change so much that it is impossible to differentiate them from each other, they appear as a single detrital mass.

Too much detritus is present in soft feces, but formed, formed as a result of a rational and healthy diet. There is too much detritus in solid stools, and there is a deficiency in liquid stools.

Norm of indicators

A clear amount of detritus in the results of the coprogram is not determined. In the analyzes, the laboratory assistant notes one or more pluses.

If there is a lot of detritus - (+++++);
With a minimum content - (+);
If there is very little detritus - (+/-).

When the doctor deciphers the scatological examination, he takes into account the presence of pathological symptoms in the composition of the feces, instrumental diagnostic data, the patient's complaints and his general well-being. Therefore, it is impossible for an ignorant specialist to independently decipher the results.

Reasons for rejection

In order for food to be digested normally, special enzymatic substances are produced by the pancreas, and bile secretion by the liver.

If the organs function with deviations or some pathological process develops in them, then the food masses stagnate in the cavity of the duodenum 12, cannot be fully split and assimilated. As a result, the content of detritus increases or decreases.

gastritis or character;
Increases in pathogenic microorganisms in the intestinal cavity;
The presence of an infectious process;
in the stomach or intestinal sections;
Pathological weakness of the immune system;
Excessively rapid evacuation of feces from the colon;
Insufficiency of gastric secretion;
Intolerance to the body of certain foods;
Pathologies such as and cholecystitis, or, and, malignant processes in the gastrointestinal tract, etc.

In general, the presence of detritus in the feces is not considered a pathology; on the contrary, it indicates the normal functioning of the digestive processes. It is possible to identify the presence of gastrointestinal abnormalities by detecting mucus in the feces, a change in the pH of the reaction, or the presence of purulent masses in the feces, with a high content of bacteria, leukocyte cells, or undigested fiber.

Why can the analysis be inaccurate?

As already specified, the presence of a large amount of detritus in the feces does not apply to pathological manifestations. For primary diagnosis, auxiliary symptoms and clinical data of scatological studies are of great importance.

If, according to the results of decoding, a patient has a sign of an inflammatory or any other pathological process, the final diagnosis can only be established after a comprehensive diagnostic examination.

Sometimes the results of the study may not be entirely accurate or unreliable, which is due to some factors. The reliability of the analysis can be affected by physical overload and stress, psycho-emotional stress or smoking, taking medications.

Of great importance for the reliability of the results is the diet of the patient before the study.

Some products have the ability to thin faeces due to their high water content. These include soups, dairy products, homemade sauces, watery vegetables like cucumbers, zucchini or eggplant.

If the patient consumes more liquid the day before, the results of scatological diagnostics will be distorted. Products like prunes and other dried fruits can have a laxative effect, so it is better to refuse to use them before the study, then the analysis will show a reliable picture.

Detritus in the feces of a child

In infants, coprological diagnosis is deciphered conditionally, since the infantile digestive system completes its formation by about 6-8 months of age.

Such babies periodically experience diarrhea and constipation, which is considered normal if the baby is normal, fully nourished, gains weight according to age and feels great.

When detecting high or low detritus concentrations, one should not worry if there are no additional deviations in other analyzes.

After six months of age, scatological studies become more informative, with their help it becomes possible to diagnose intestinal pathologies.

Quite a variety of factors can affect the concentration of detritus in children's feces, such as:

Type of feeding (breast or artificial);
Age at which complementary foods were introduced;
The quantity and sequence of new dishes introduced into the baby's diet;
Compliance with the mode of wakefulness, sleep, nutrition, etc .;
Weaning, etc.

For studies to be reliable, you must stop taking vitamins, supplements, new foods or drinks. When breastfeeding, if the baby is less than 6 months old, juices, mashed potatoes and other complementary foods should not be given to the baby.

Treatment

In order to normalize the content of detritus, one must certainly know the reasons for its deviation.

First you need to completely change the principles of nutrition, lifestyle. The menu should contain as many plant-based dishes as possible, which help the food to be fully digested.
If any pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract are found, the doctor may prescribe a diet therapy with the rejection of unhealthy and high-calorie foods.
Food should be natural, freshly prepared by yourself, not fast food and convenience foods. It is necessary to exclude fatty meat, milk, heavy side dishes.
Do not neglect physical exercises to normalize digestive activity. Such gymnastics will positively affect the overall functionality of the patient's body.
With a pathological origin of deviations in the content of detritus, patients are prescribed drug therapy, which involves taking herbal preparations.

Coprological studies help to detect a variety of gastrointestinal pathologies. The content of detritus, evaluated during the study, will also help to obtain information about the state of the patient's digestive system.

The presence of detritus in the feces is regarded as a completely normal phenomenon, but it is only necessary to consider this indicator in combination with other components of feces.

If, against the background of detritus deviations, there are pathological changes in other indicators, pathology can be suspected, but only a doctor can do this.

home > Agriculture