Autumn processing of garden plants: a barrier to diseases and insect pests. Processing the garden in the fall from diseases and pests: step-by-step instructions How to process young seedlings

Autumn processing of the garden from pests and diseases consists of several stages: digging the soil, cleaning branches and foliage, and spraying the garden. I do not advise you to neglect these procedures if next year's harvest is dear to you. If you have never done this before, this article will help you understand how and when to properly cultivate a garden.

When and why is processing carried out?

Start autumn processing when trees and shrubs shed their leaves. This time falls on the end of September - the beginning of October. For work, choose a dry, not rainy day, before the first frost. The main goals of autumn processing are to rid trees and shrubs of pests and their larvae, pathogens, rodents, and also to protect plants from frost. Weeds, fallen leaves, cut branches, rake in a pile, collect and burn outside the site. In some sources, I met advice to dig crumbled leaves of trees and shrubs into the ground to provide additional nutrition. I do not advise doing so. Often, insects lay their larvae precisely on the underside of the leaf, digging them into the ground will make their task easier. I would not leave leaves and straw with a layer of mulch either, so as not to attract rodents for wintering. Carefully dig around the trunk circles of the soil by 15-20 cm to get rid of pests and their larvae wintering in the ground. Perform this procedure carefully, use a rake so as not to injure the roots of plants. Let's take a closer look at the other two stages.

Whitewashing plant stems

Whitewashing the trunks of trees and shrubs will protect the tree from insects and pathogens. Already existing laid eggs are burned out with the help of whitewash. In addition, treated trunks tolerate frost more easily. Before you begin, lay the fabric around the trees. Use a scraper to remove old bark and moss from the tree. Disinfect the surface, treat wounds and cracks on the trunk with garden pitch. Apply whitewash with a wide brush in several layers to a height of one and a half meters. Acrylic or water-based paints sometimes act as whitewash. Special formulations are commercially available. But it is easy to make a solution yourself. To do this, you will need slaked lime, blue vitriol, glue or clay for binding and water. By adding carbolic acid to the solution, you will protect the garden from hares and rodents.

Spraying the garden

Autumn spraying of shrubs and trees is carried out using three main liquids: urea, copper and iron sulfate. Do not forget about safety precautions: work in the garden in a protective suit, gloves, with a respirator mask. Get a convenient one, based on the size of the cultivated area. A 5% urea solution will save plantings from scab. The trunk and branches of the plant, as well as the land around it, are subject to treatment for a fungal disease. But do not forget that urea contains nitrogen. This element starts vegetative processes in trees. In order not to expose the plant to frostbite, spray plantings with urea as close as possible to the cold. Treatment with a solution of ferrous sulfate (5-7%) will rid the garden of moss and lichen, in which insects love to lay their eggs. In addition, the solution nourishes the bark with iron, which helps in oxidative processes and prepares the plant for wintering. Stone and pome crops, grapes, currants and gooseberries from most fungal diseases will save a solution of copper sulphate.

For greater efficiency, lime is added to it and Bordeaux liquid is obtained. Spraying trees with Bordeaux liquid is appropriate in the fall. This solution leaves burns on the leaves, so its use in the spring is dangerous. And in the fall, boldly increase the concentration of the solution to 3%. Processing with this solution is the final stage in the autumn processing of the garden from diseases and pests.

Gardening will require patience and time from you. But this is a necessary set of procedures, without which you will not have to wait for a healthy harvest.

Experts recommend carrying out protective spraying just the same in the autumn season. It is especially important that on this day there is moderate humidity, preferably the sun is shining and there is no wind and frost. A couple of days after treatment, precipitation in the form of rain or snow is also undesirable. It should be remembered that during the period of fruiting and flowering, trees do not need protection from small pests and diseases. You will learn about the correct processing of trees in the fall for the winter from our article.

Plant preparation

With the arrival of autumn, insects begin to actively look for a new place of residence for wintering in order to sit out the cold season in a warm place. Soil, bark and fallen leaves are considered such places. Based on this, it can be concluded that it is necessary to carry out the treatment of trees from insects in the autumn period.

These actions allow you to rid the trees of putrefactive diseases, spots, scab and other misfortunes. The vegetative process can also be slowed down due to the fact that various bacteria actively multiply under the untreated bark of plants, causing the above diseases. Therefore, careful spraying of the bark is important not only to protect against pests, but also from most diseases. This procedure will preserve the quality and quantity of the crop for the next year..

Plants wake up very slowly after hibernation, so autumn processing is of great importance, however, first of all, they need to be prepared in a special way for this procedure. Tree processing and preparation occurs in several steps, which depend on the age of the seedlings:

The spraying procedure itself is simple. It is enough to observe the dose of the substance indicated on the package for the drug and carefully process each branch.

How to process fruit trees

What is the best way to spray fruit plants in the fall? For many years, professional gardeners have recommended using copper sulfate to treat the garden in the autumn season from diseases and pests, and. Each of these solutions has a narrow focus, which we, of course, will talk about in our article.

It is not recommended to spray trees with only one type of preparation against a particular type of threat. Most often, a remedy is selected based on the result that it should bring. Gardening specialists It is recommended to carry out the procedure of spraying fruit plants at the end of October.

inkstone

Processing the garden with iron sulphate in the fall is very important. The drug is used for external processing of fruit plants, as well as feeding trees, such as peaches, cherries, plums, apple trees. Plants after processing receive a lot of micronutrients and, of course, iron. Also, these procedures can improve the oxidative processes in the soil.

With a lack of such an important trace element, the amount of yield can be significantly reduced. A solution of ferrous sulfate is very easy to prepare with your own hands. It is enough to dilute 1 kg of dry powder in a 16-liter bucket of water.

blue vitriol

Working the land with copper sulphate in the fall is just as important as spraying trees with it. This drug contains in its composition, which, in turn, does not allow spots, scab, powdery mildew and various putrefactive diseases to appear on fruits.

Treat plants with copper sulphate experts recommend autumn and spring. In the autumn season, apple, pear and plum trees should be sprayed. The processing of other fruit plants can also be positive, but this is not at all necessary, unlike the above crops. In the spring, the first treatment should be carried out before opening the buds with leaves.

This drug protects plums from:

• curliness;
• clasterosporiosis;
• coccomycosis;
• moniliosis and other unpleasant misfortunes.

Apple and pear trees treated with copper sulphate will be further protected from phyllostictoza, scab and moniliosis.

If most garden trees are no more than six years old, then for one such seedling it will be enough to use two liters of a solution of this drug. For older plants, it is allowed to use up to ten liters of copper sulfate solution.

It is best to spray in the garden in the morning or evening. The optimal air temperature for the procedure should not exceed 30 ° C, but also not be lower than 5 ° C. It is also recommended to wait out the windy weather, because even a small gust of wind able to carry the sprayed preparation far beyond the territory of the garden plot.

Urea

It is recommended to use urea for spraying garden plants as the last and first step in preparing the garden for winter. The first spraying should be done with a high concentration solution. This action will not only kill all insects, but also destroy all pending pest larvae.

In the spring season, seedlings are allowed to be processed only after at least half of the leaves have fallen from the trees. To do this, you will need to make a do-it-yourself solution consisting of 500 grams of urea and 10 liters of water. As soon as the trees completely shed all the remaining foliage, the seedlings should be treated with a more concentrated solution, increasing the dose of urea by 7% (535 grams per 10 liters).

It is necessary to process the earth, branches and trunks. This procedure is not only a great way to get rid of annoying insects. but also a good fertilizer for plants. Just do not overdo it when preparing the solution, because if the preparation is too concentrated, the leaves can get chemical burns, as a result of which they will fall off ahead of time. As a result, there is often a decrease in the amount of nutrients that enter the plant, and the frost resistance of the fruit plant also decreases.

Spraying nuances

When spraying plants in the garden, it is imperative to use a mechanized or manual device. This device is able to evenly spray the solution on all parts of the plant, as well as protect a person from contact with chemistry. No matter how complex your device is, they all have spray pumps.

Manual and mechanical models differ significantly in cost and ease of use. Mechanical - are considered much more convenient to use, but also cost an order of magnitude more expensive. When processing plants with a manual apparatus you will have to periodically pump up the drug with your own hands, however, this more than pays off for the relatively low cost of this product.

If there are cracks and wounds on the trees, in addition to lime, it is advisable to use the following means:

• finely chopped straw;
• cow dung.

These components are mixed together, after which the composition is used to treat the affected areas. This procedure will help save the plant from cracking..

There is also another, less well-known way to protect garden plants - garden pitch. You can buy it at a garden store or make your own. To create it, you will need to use 200 g of beeswax and about 100 g of rosin.

The products are melted separately and then mixed with the addition of 100 g of fat (unsalted) to the mixture. Garden pitch is recommended to be heated before filling cracks to a temperature of 50 °C.

pruning

In the southern regions of Russia, trees need autumn pruning, while in the northern regions such an action can easily lead to freezing of the plant. Immediately after the last crop has been harvested, it is recommended to prune the branches of fruit plants. However, before that, it is important to make sure that there are no fruits left on the ground, because rot can start in them over time, which will infect the soil. It is also recommended to remove all fallen leaves before the cutting procedure.

Humus can be made from healthy fruit residues. To do this, you need to dig a small hole in the corner of the site, and then use it to throw out all the organic parts. After a few years, fine quality humus will form there, which will serve as an excellent fertilizer for any part of your garden.

Advice. If you find damaged leaves or diseased fruits, bury them away from the garden plot or burn them.

After the earth is removed, a cloth or film is laid on the ground so that insects and their larvae do not get into the soil. After that, it is very important to carefully examine the bark. It will be necessary to use staples to clean the surface, and then cover the cracks and existing wounds with garden pitch so that harmful microbes do not get into them.

If there is a possibility of a sharp drop in temperature, or if you do not live in the southern regions, then it is better not to prune, otherwise the bark on the cut may freeze, causing the plant to die. In all other cases, pruning should begin with the removal of all infected, crooked and dry branches, and then burn them away from the garden.

Also, on old trees, it is recommended to carry out rejuvenating pruning every few years. This procedure will invigorate the plants and activate their growth, which will positively affect fruiting.

Frost protection

Tree tying is a traditional way of protecting trees from frost.. The following materials are best suited for this:

• sunflower;
• reeds;
• raspberries;
• spruce branches;
• roofing material (a fabric is placed under it so that it does not touch the bark).

After the trunk has been lined with material, it must be tightly tied up so that the young plants are not transferred. A good option would be to use a metal mesh, which will not only allow you to keep the shape of the insulation well, but also will not harm the plant. You should also pour some soil under the structure so that the mice cannot get inside the insulation.

In order to properly process the garden plot from pests and prepare plants for winter, it is recommended to watch several training videos that can be found on the Internet.

Preparing the garden for winter is a guarantee of the future harvest.

This important step should not be neglected. Especially seriously you need to approach the processing of trees in the fall for the winter. The main thing in preparation is to properly process not only the trees, but also the soil around them.

If you do not take these measures in a complex, you can lose the future harvest due to damage to fruit trees by pests and diseases.

Stages of preparation

It is necessary to prepare fruit trees, shrubs, ornamental crops for winter. Usually the autumn procedure takes place in 5 stages. Each of them is very important, and it is undesirable to miss it. All stages of preparation contribute to prolonging the life and improving the fruiting of the plant:

To prepare the garden for the onset of winter correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with each stage separately.

Soil preparation

All ingredients must be mixed well. You should get a mixture that is similar in consistency to thick sour cream.

The solution for old trees is prepared identically as for young ones. The only difference will be that you need to take 2 kg of slaked lime for the mixture and 200 g of copper sulfate. You can add a little straw to the mixture, which must first be cut. The resulting solution must be applied to the bark from the bottom up and to damaged areas. It will provide protection and won't crack for a long time.

Whitewashing trees and shrubs helps to rid plants of several very important problems. Due to the special composition, the plant will not freeze in winter and will not suffer from heat in summer.

Beneficial effects of whitewashing on crops:

• whitewash perfectly regulates the temperature. It prevents the barrel from overcooling and overheating;
• prevents the penetration of pests to the root system;
• perfectly protects the trunk from ultraviolet rays.

Autumn is coming - it's time when summer residents and gardeners have already harvested and begin to think about how to make the next summer fertile and fruitful. What can affect the decrease in yield?
This is the wrong neighborhood of vegetables, herbs, root crops, the poverty of the soil with mineral salts, which means a lack of fertilizers, or the whole thing can be soil diseases and pests. In any case, tillage is necessary in the fall from diseases and pests. How to do it right?

Soil diseases occur over time due to improper use of the soil.
Soil cultivation in the fall from diseases and pests

Soil tillage in autumn - what to use?
Soil diseases occur over time due to improper use of the soil, as a result of which pathogenic microorganisms gather and begin to actively act. As a rule, they are concentrated in the region of plant roots. This process leads to the emergence of diseases, due to which crops can die.

The following soil diseases are currently known:

late blight (affects the fruits of tomatoes and root crops) - its presence can be seen by looking at the fruits - they have brown spots;
dry rot (infects potatoes) - develops due to high soil moisture and at high temperatures;
rhizoctoniosis (affects potatoes) is a fungal disease, in the form of dry pieces of soil on the peel;
alternariosis (affects young shoots of potatoes) - dry spotting appears on the vegetation;
scab (affects root crops) - this can be seen by the formation of a crust with dry sores that cause rotting.
Experienced summer residents always monitor the soil in order to disinfect it in time, because if the disease has affected the plants, it becomes very difficult to get rid of it. There are several ways to combat soil diseases. First of all, this is the use of chemicals, namely, the treatment of the soil in the autumn with a solution of vitriol (not very concentrated, 1-2% will be enough).

Experienced summer residents always monitor the soil in order to disinfect it in time, because if the disease has affected the plants, it becomes very difficult to get rid of it.

The second method is biological disinfection, namely, the introduction of special preparations into the soil half a month before the first frost (for example, Baikal, a biofungicide). Thanks to this method, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed and the soil heals.

is biological disinfection, namely, the introduction of special preparations into the soil half a month before the first frost (for example, Baikal, a biofungicide). Thanks to this method, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed and the soil heals.

And the last method is agrotechnical. It involves dividing the garden into beds that will be narrow enough, because of which the soil will dry out better and not retain moisture, which affects the incidence of diseases. In combination with the use of crop rotation, namely planting seedlings or seeds on the same bed, for three years, the soil recovers completely.

In combination with the use of crop rotation, namely planting seedlings or seeds on the same bed, for three years, the soil recovers completely.

Soil pest control
Not only diseases can damage a good harvest, but also pests. Autumn is the time of active struggle with them. Be sure to dig up the ground in order to get rid of cabbage and onion midges, fleas, cabbage scoops. If the earth is not dug up and turned with a pitchfork, their larvae will remain in the soil, and even survive the frost. A suitable method of dealing with them would be spilling the soil with a special solution (for example, "Fitosporin"). This method should be applied as soon as the crop is harvested.

A suitable method of dealing with them would be spilling the soil with a special solution (for example, "Fitosporin"). This method should be applied as soon as the crop is harvested.

In order to destroy spider mites, bud moth larvae, you need to remove the dried bark, moss and lichens from shrubs and trees. The same goes for garden trees. On the trees and shrubs themselves, you need to apply copper sulfate, which is easy to cook on your own.

On the trees and shrubs themselves, you need to apply copper sulfate, which is easy to cook on your own.

To prevent the occurrence of soil diseases and pests on plants, one should take a responsible approach to the selection and storage of planting material for storage in the cellar. It must be carefully examined, disassembled and left for landing in the spring only those specimens that are healthy and not damaged. They must be thoroughly dried and stored at a certain humidity and temperature, thereby protecting them from infection by pathogenic microorganisms. So, tillage in the fall from diseases and pests is a simple matter, but very important. We hope that our advice will be useful to you.