The UNESCO heritage site is the most interesting. Russian natural sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, provisional list, and promising for inclusion

There are many beautiful buildings, natural phenomena and other unique objects in the world that delight people. And the task of each generation is to preserve this wealth and pass it on to descendants. The most valuable sights fall into a special list.

About World Heritage Sites

It is terrible to think that the descendants will not see, for example, the Acropolis or, meanwhile, this can happen, if not in the near future, then in several generations. That is why one of the primary tasks of mankind is to preserve and increase the cultural and natural wealth of the planet.

For this purpose, a special list was created, which includes World Heritage sites located on the territory of various countries and regions. There are many, they are diverse, and each is unique in its own way.

General information about the list

The idea of ​​a list of the most valuable objects in the world was first implemented in 1978, after the UN Convention was adopted six years earlier, declaring a common responsibility for the preservation of the most significant cultural and natural monuments.

At the end of 2014, the list contains 1007 titles. In the top ten in terms of the number of World Heritage sites are Italy, China, Spain, France, Germany, Mexico, India, the United Kingdom, Russia and the United States. In total, there are 359 items included in the list on their territory.

There are a number of criteria according to which the list is expanded. They include the uniqueness or exclusivity of a particular place or building from different points of view: its inhabitants, structures, evidence of an important stage in the development of civilizations, etc. Therefore, sometimes in the list you can find objects that are quite unexpected for someone.

Categories and examples

All the diversity of the World Heritage is divided into three conditional groups: cultural, natural and cultural-natural. The first category is the most numerous, it includes 779 items, for example, the building of the Opera House in Sydney. The second group contains 197 objects, including Belovezhskaya Pushcha and the Grand Canyon. The last category is the smallest - only 31 monuments, but they combine both natural beauty and human intervention: Machu Picchu, Meteora monasteries, etc.

For some reason, people are used to first of all admiring buildings and creations of their own efforts, forgetting about natural beauties. And in vain, because in fact it is also a World Cultural Heritage.

In Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are 26 monuments included in the UNESCO list. Of these, 15 are classified as cultural, and the remaining 11 are natural. They are located all over the country and include truly unique UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia.

For the first time, the Russian Federation added to the list of countries on whose territory there are monuments to human and natural genius, in 1990, when the list was replenished with the Kizhi churchyard and the historical center of St. Petersburg. In the future, the World Heritage of Russia has been regularly updated and still continues to expand. The list includes reserves, monasteries, geological monuments and many other objects. So, in 2014, the Bulgar historical and archaeological complex, which is located in Tatarstan, was included in the World Heritage List of Russia.

Full list

The World Heritage Sites of Russia are mostly known to many citizens. But someone will find for themselves unfamiliar points that they may want to visit, so it is better to give a complete list:

• the historical center and monuments of St. Petersburg;
• Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow;
• Kizhi churchyard;
• Veliky Novgorod and its environs;
• white monuments of Suzdal and Vladimir;
• Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye;
• Trinity-Sergius Lavra;
• Komi forests;
• lake Baikal;
• Kamchatka volcanoes;
• natural reserve Sikhote-Alin;
• golden Altai mountains;
• Ubsu-Nur lake basin;
• Western Caucasus;
• Kazan Kremlin;
• Ferapontov Monastery;
• Curonian Spit;
• the old city of Derbent;
• Wrangel Island;
• Novodevichy Convent;
• historical center of Yaroslavl;
• Struve arc;
• the Putorana plateau;
• Lena Pillars;
• complex "Bulgar".

Another point is related to the political events of 2014 - the ancient city of Khersones is located on the Crimean peninsula, which is also included in the World Cultural Heritage. Russia actually has something to strive for, because there are many more unique objects on the territory of the country, and each of them can eventually enter the UNESCO list. In the meantime, it is still worth learning more about those monuments that are already on this list. After all, it’s not for nothing that they were included there?

Natural

Russia is a huge country, the largest on the planet in terms of territory. 9 time zones, 4 climatic and a huge number of different zones. It is not surprising that the World Natural Heritage of Russia is quite numerous and diverse - 11 objects. There are huge forests, clean and deep lakes, natural phenomena of amazing beauty.

• Virgin forests of Komi. They are considered the largest untouched forests in Europe. They were included in the World Heritage of Russia in 1995. Many species of rare representatives of flora and fauna grow and live on their territory.
• Lake Baikal. It is the deepest on the planet. Listed in 1996. Many species living in the lake are endemic.
• Volcanoes of the Kamchatka Peninsula. They are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Included in the World Heritage Sites of Russia in 1996.
• Altai. Listed since 1998. Includes habitats of rare representatives of flora and fauna.
• Caucasian reserve. It is located in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea. Listed since 1999.
• Central Sikhote-Alin. A natural reserve located in the Primorsky Territory. Many rare species of animals live on its territory. Entered the UNESCO list in 2001.
• Curonian spit. This unique object is a sand body stretching across the Baltic Sea for almost 100 kilometers. There are a large number of interesting places on the territory of the spit, for example, the famous "Dancing Forest", and the seasonal migration route of many birds also lies through it. Listed in 2000.
• Ubsu-Nur basin. Located on the border of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. The hollow was included in the list in 2003 according to the criteria of international scientific importance and the conservation of biological and landscape diversity.
• Wrangel Island. It is divided into almost equal halves between the Western and Eastern hemispheres. Most of its territory is occupied by mountains. Rare plants grow here, which, among other things, was the reason for the inclusion of the object in the UNESCO list in 2004 under the number 1023.
• It was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2010. Here are the migration routes of large populations of reindeer, as well as a unique combination of ecosystems.
• Lena pillars. At the moment, the last World Natural Heritage site in Russia. Was listed in 2012. In addition to its aesthetic importance, this object is valuable for the uniqueness of the geological processes taking place here.

man-made

The objects of the World Cultural Heritage of Russia, of course, include not only natural monuments, but the results of human labor.

• Historical center of St. Petersburg. Red Square and the Kremlin in Moscow. The hearts of both capitals entered the list at the same time - in 1990 - and immediately according to four criteria.
• Kizhi. This unique ensemble of wooden buildings was also included in the UNESCO list in 1990. This real wonder of the world not only demonstrates the genius of mankind, but also surprisingly harmonizes with the surrounding nature.
• In 1992, UNESCO added 3 more sights to its list: the monuments of Novgorod, Suzdal and Vladimir, as well as
• The Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye, listed in 1993 and 1994 respectively, are known for their beauty to everyone - many residents of Moscow and the Moscow region regularly visit there.
• in the Vologda Oblast was included in the list in 2000, as well as
• Monuments of the city of Derbent in Dagestan - 2003.
• in Moscow - 2004.
• The historical center of Yaroslavl - 2005.
• (2 points), which helped to establish the shape, size and some other parameters of the planet - 2005.
• Architectural and historical complex Bulgar - 2014.

As can be seen, the objects of the World Cultural Heritage of Russia are mostly concentrated in the European part, which is due to the peculiarities of the development of the territory.

Applicants

Russia's World Heritage List may expand significantly in the coming years. The Government of the Russian Federation regularly offers the UN new applicants, unique and beautiful in their own way. Now there are 24 more objects that can be included in the main list of UNESCO.

Endangered

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to preserve the World Heritage. Fortunately, this does not threaten Russia yet, all of its monuments included in the list are in relative safety. UNESCO regularly edits and publishes a special list of unique sites in danger. Now it consists of 38 items. Natural and cultural monuments are included in this “alarming” list for various reasons: poaching, deforestation, construction and reconstruction projects that violate the historical appearance, climate change, etc. In addition, the worst enemy of the World Heritage is time, which is impossible win. And yet, from time to time, monuments are removed from this list, most often due to an improvement in the situation. But there are also sad examples when the situation has deteriorated so much that the objects simply ceased to be included in the World Heritage. Russia has nothing to fear yet, although the ecological situation in some parts of the country may affect many natural monuments. And then, perhaps, for the Russian Federation, the “alarming” list will become relevant.

UNESCO action

Inclusion in the list is not only and not so much prestige, but first of all, increased attention to the safety and condition of certain objects on the part of a larger number of organizations. UNESCO also stimulates the development of eco-tourism and increases people's awareness of the uniqueness of monuments. Among other things, there is a special fund that finances the maintenance of facilities.

Emblem of the project World Heritage World Heritage (Eng. World Heritage, French Patrimoine Mondial, Spanish Patrimonio Mundial) outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Heritage. Emblem of the World Heritage project World Heritage (Eng. World Heritage ... Wikipedia

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Outstanding natural and cultural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, to which most countries of the world have acceded. States, on ... ... Financial vocabulary

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world heritage- WORLD HERITAGE, outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (entered into force in 1975). Convention ratified... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In November 1972, the General Conference of UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (entered into force in 1975, when the number ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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• World heritage of Russia. Book 1. Architecture, Sirotkina Alla. The book tells about the cultural monuments of Russia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Their description and history are given. Each object is represented by at least 25-30 photographs,…
• World heritage of Russia. Book 2. Nature. Photoalbum, Sirotkina A.. The books tell about the cultural and natural monuments of Russia, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The first volume - 14 architectural, the second volume - 12 natural objects. They are given…

Before we present you with a list of countries with the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites, let's understand what they are.

• Is a masterpiece of human creative genius;
• Proves significant mutual influence of universal values ​​in a certain historical period or cultural space;
• Is unique or exclusive to a culture and/or civilization that exists or has disappeared;
• It is an outstanding example of architectural landscape design, illustrating an important period in human history;
• Is an outstanding example of traditional human settlements or human interaction with the environment;
• The object is directly related to historical events or cultural traditions, religious beliefs, artistic or literary works and is of great global importance.

World Heritage Sites fall into three categories:

• cultural, i.e. Man-made are mainly architectural monuments.
• created by nature, such as rock formations or caves, lakes, rivers and waterfalls
• mixed, i.e. created jointly by nature and man - for the most part, these are various parks and gardens.

Natural objects have their own selection criteria - for example, a natural phenomenon of exceptional beauty and aesthetic value.

In the US, there are Native American heritage sites, such as Taos Pueblo, an ancient Indian settlement. These are also structures created in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as the Statue of Liberty.

In addition, the United States has several world heritage sites created by nature. These include the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone National Park. In total, there are 23 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United States.

Russia made it to this top due to its rich and diverse history and colossal territory. Among the objects of cultural heritage of Russia are the Moscow, Novgorod and Kazan Kremlins, the historical centers of St. Petersburg and Yaroslavl.

Also in Russia there are as many as 10 natural heritage sites, including the famous Lake Baikal and the Golden Altai Mountains.

The United Kingdom has many cultural heritage sites created, in particular, during the period of the Roman imperial occupation. Many of them are connected with events affecting the global history of Europe. Of these, the Fortified Frontier of the Roman Empire and the Tower of London are especially famous.

India is the birthplace of the oldest earthly civilizations, which has seen the rise and fall of many empires and royal dynasties, as well as several world religions - Sikhism, Hinduism and Buddhism. India has several world heritage sites created by nature - caves and national parks.

The most famous cultural heritage sites in India are the royal palace of the Taj Mahal and the cave temples located on the island of Elephanta.

Mexico was home to two of the oldest civilizations that lived in the New World before the Age of Discovery - the Aztecs and the Maya. It was also where the earliest settlements of European colonists in the New World were located.

Mexico's World Heritage Sites include the historic center of Puebla and the ancient pre-Spanish cities of Teotihuacan, Chichen Itza and El Tajin.

During its long history, Germany has been both part of the Holy Roman Empire and the center of the German Empire. Hence the large number of cultural heritage sites. The most famous of them are Wartburg Castle and Cologne Cathedral.

As in the case of Germany, the history of France is closely connected with the Roman Empire. At one time, the Frankish tribes lived as part of the Empire. Later, however, France itself became a powerful monarchy.

So it is not surprising that in France many objects are classified as world heritage. First of all, this is Notre Dame Cathedral and the Palace of Versailles.

Of the 45 sites, 3 are located outside of Europe - for example, the Garajonay National Park, located on the island of La Gomera. This is due to the fact that Spain still retained some of the land acquired during the era of colonization.

In Spain itself, the most famous objects are the Roman city walls of Lugo and Burgos Cathedral.

China is home to the world's oldest civilizations and many cultures that still live and have disappeared. There are many cultural heritage sites in China, including the Great Wall of China.

But there are also a dozen natural heritage sites in China. One such place is Karst deposits in South China.

Finally, most of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites are located in Italy - the birthplace of the Holy Roman Empire, the Christian and most of the figures of the Renaissance. Among the objects of cultural heritage of Italy are the historical centers of Rome, Naples, Florence, Castel del Monte and Villa Del Casale.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Owning a UNESCO World Heritage Site

World Heritage Sites make a significant contribution to the tourism industry, and hence the economy, of the countries that own them. They tend to be the most attractive for tourists visiting these countries.

This means more tourists, and therefore more money attracted by this industry. However, ownership of World Heritage properties comes at a high cost. The government of a country that owns a world heritage site has to spend a lot of money on the repair, protection and maintenance of these attractions.

This can create big problems for a given country, especially during difficult economic periods.

Beautiful shots from all corners of our Motherland, which depict the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia.

How and who creates the UNESCO heritage list? Once a year, 192 participating countries apply for a maximum of two national properties that are of historical, natural or cultural value. For a year and a half, UNESCO staff study applications, vote, and make a decision at the final session. The most worthy objects are included in the World Heritage List, but there are those who are left on the so-called waiting list. The Organization will still work with these applicants.

There are 27 UNESCO heritage sites in Russia. In addition to specific locations, UNESCO also supports cultural values ​​- folklore and the way of life of different peoples. For example, now on the waiting list among Russian candidates are the Old Believers of Transbaikalia and the Yakut heroic epic.

Virgin forests of Komi, Komi Republic

This is the first natural site in Russia, which came under the protection of UNESCO. Komi is home to some of the last untouched forests in Europe. They are also called the "treasury of the taiga". Here, time seems to have stopped. Crystal-clear rifts of rivers speak to cedars and firs that reach for quiet clouds. Occasionally, the cries of a golden eagle are heard. The main owners of these places are animals and birds listed in the Red Book - white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon. Yes, the Sapsan train, which runs between Moscow and St. Petersburg, was named after a rare bird. It can fly at speeds of over 300 kilometers per hour! Any cheetah will envy here.

Komi protected forests are located on the territory of two reserves: Pechoro-Ilychsky and Yugyd Va. There are different routes: you can raft down the river for a week or follow the hiking trail for three days. Rent a room from the locals or stay at a recreation center. Among the few camps there are those, the road to which is already an adventure. For example, the Ozernaya base, although located in the center of the park, can only be reached by helicopter. In the reserves you will see the first silicon mines, traces of ancient cave lions or mammoths, prayer houses of the Old Believers. The main thing is to warn the administration of the reserves in advance about your trip. They will help with the organization of the hike and the pass. Pour hot tea into a thermos, take notes in a notebook and get ready to meet the spirits of the taiga jungle.

How to get there:

• Pechoro-Ilychinsky Nature Reserve: S7 Airlines flight to Syktyvkar. Then from the Syktyvkar railway station by train to Troitsko-Pechorsk, from there by bus to the village of Yaksha, the villages of Ust-Ilych or Priuralsk. Then the locals will help you get to the reserve - in the summer by boat, in the winter by snowmobile. Even in the administration of the reserve, you can order a transfer from the station in Troitsko-Pechorsk.
• Reserve Yugyd Va: S7 Airlines flight to Syktyvkar. Then from Syktyvkar railway station by train to Pechora. You can get from the city of Pechora to the village of Aranets by bus, and from there it is about 50 km to the border of the national park along the hiking trail.

Italy holds the record for the sites protected by UNESCO. If in Russia there are 27 of them, then in Italy - 51. For example, entire cities are on the heritage list - Venice and Verona.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, Solovetsky Islands

To be alone with yourself, without the Internet and plans. Solovki is six large and more than a hundred small islands surrounded by a lead-blue sea. Here you will meet seals and white whales - beluga whales. Only 150 kilometers - and you are beyond the Arctic Circle. Explore the islands - you will find the sites of primitive man and see the Solovetsky Kremlin, surrounded by powerful stone walls with eight towers.

In this place, you do not want to break the silence: just breathe in the brackish sea air and feel the history. Knock on the door to the locals, they are always happy to have guests. They will pour you a compote of wild berries, treat you to a sweet cake and slowly tell you about the monastic life of Solovki. For lunch or dinner, ask to cook White Sea fish - very tasty.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Arkhangelsk, then transfer to the Solovetsky flight, and in 50 minutes you are there.

Architectural and historical complex "Bulgar", Tatarstan

Once it was one of the largest cities of the Golden Horde and a place of pilgrimage for the "small hajj". It has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. Today it is a historical complex on the high bank of the Volga. Start the route from the South Gate to the middle of the complex: the minaret and the Cathedral Mosque. It is also called the Tatar Taj Mahal. Slowly walk through the snow-white expanses and feel like a real khan. Then - to the Black Chamber, the most mysterious structure of the settlement. Historians and archaeologists still cannot figure out why it was built.

According to legend, during the invasion of Tamerlane, the Khan's family hid in the Black Chamber. The building was set on fire, and when the fire died down, a white figure of the Khan's daughter appeared above the chamber. Tamerlane was so delighted that he offered marriage in exchange for the lives of her brothers. By sacrificing herself, the girl saved her family, and the building remained black from the fire. The complex stretched along the entire coast of the Volga. If you get cold, come and warm yourself in the Bread House. Here they will feed you and tell you how to bake fragrant bread.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Kazan, then by meteor from the Kazan river port, or take it.

Natural complex of the reserve Wrangel Island, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Wrangel Island is divided by 180 meridians - in one trip you will visit two hemispheres at once. This is the northernmost protected object in Russia - 500 kilometers beyond the Arctic Circle. Chilling wind, mountains give way to swampy plains, fork-tailed gulls circle the coast. Harsh climate and all shades of the Nordic palette. Here are the noisiest bird markets, where kittiwakes, thick-billed guillemots and guillemots live. And on the island there is the largest "maternity hospital" of polar bears.

Choose one of nine excursion routes and sign up in advance to see everything with your own eyes. You can move around the island on foot, on an all-terrain vehicle or quad bike. You can get there by cruise ship from Anadyr. In a few days you will see the northernmost wonders of Russia - Cape Dezhnev, the alley of whales and the villages of the Eskimos. All routes are built so that the land remains untouched in its northern, unique beauty.

Lucia Bereziuk

Deputy Director for Ecological Education of the Wrangel Island Nature Reserve

Tourists came to us from Japan, New Zealand, England, USA, Australia. This year there were only six cruises, each of which was accompanied by inspectors and employees of the reserve. One of the most interesting objects of the island is the Paleo-Eskimo camp in the Devil's Gully. This is the excavation site of a seasonal camp of ancient hunters with a history of 3200 years. At the beginning of summer, walruses, seals and polar bears rest here on the ice floes. On calm days, fountains of gray whales appear in the bay - sometimes up to eight at a time!

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Magadan, then transfer to a flight to Anadyr, then by ship to Wrangel Island.

Old town of Derbent, Dagestan

Derbent is an ancient Persian city on the Silk Road. These are not just colorful labyrinths of streets, where silk carpets and outlandish fruits were once traded. This is a "checkpoint" between Eastern Europe and Western Asia. Giant walls of the Naryn-Kala Citadel rise in front of you, which give Derbent a severe and majestic look.

Climb up and go around everything around the perimeter - you will see a beautiful panorama of the old city. Inside, look at the ruins of eastern palaces and medieval baths, fountains and mosques. Enter through the East Gate, you will be surrounded by lancet arches, carved pillars and round towers. Immerse yourself in an oriental fairy tale among the green mountains.

How to get there: by S7 Airlines flight to Makhachkala, then from the Southern Bus Station by fixed-route taxi.

UNESCO evaluates sites according to ten criteria. The first is a masterpiece of human creative genius. There are 17 such masterpieces in China. Among them is the Great Wall of China.

Ancient city in Chersonese, Sevastopol, Crimea

The only ancient city in the Northern Black Sea region, where streets, housing and cultural buildings have been preserved. Go there in the morning, when the rays of the sun are just beginning to wake up the ancient columns and walls of the fortress. Sit on the steps of the ancient Greek theater and imagine how Homer's tragedies were watched here two millennia ago. Today people come here for modern performances.

The streets of the ancient city are a real open-air museum. If you're lucky, you'll find real excavations. Among the ancient ruins stands the Vladimir Cathedral, the symbol of all the sailors of Sevastopol. And nearby stands a foggy bell cast from captured Turkish cannons. After walking around the ancient city, go down to the pebble beach. Have a picnic on the beach to the sound of the surf.

How to get there: S7 Airlines flight to Simferopol. Buses to Sevastopol run directly from the airport. In Sevastopol, from the city center, by bus number 22. Address: st. ancient, 1.

Northern islands and monasteries. Ancient palaces and cities. All this is not just numbers in the UNESCO heritage list. These are real places of power where you want to feel every moment. And even if there are officially 27 of these routes in our country. But you know that there are actually many more unique places worth seeing.

Share routes and inspiration. Tell your friends about the S7 Airlines Blog.

Currently, there are 26 World Heritage Sites on the territory of the Russian Federation:
16 cultural sites (they have the letter C - cultural in the World Heritage List) and 10 natural sites (they are marked N - natural) heritage.

Three of them are cross-border, i.e. located on the territory of several states: Curonian Spit (Lithuania, Russian Federation), Ubsunur Hollow (Mongolia, Russian Federation), Struve Geodetic Arc (Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia)

The first objects - "Historical Center Petersburg and related groups of monuments", "Kizhi Pogost", "Moscow Kremlin and Red Square" - were included in the World Heritage List at the 14th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in 1990 in the Canadian city of Banff.

14th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1990 (Banff, Canada)

№С540 - Historical center Petersburg and related groups of monuments

Criteria (i) (ii) (iv) (vi)
"Northern Venice", with its many canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of the greatest urban development project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. The city turned out to be closely associated with the October Revolution of 1917, and in 1924-1991. he bore the name of Leningrad. Its architectural heritage combines such diverse styles as baroque and classicism, which can be seen in the example of the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage.
Information about the object:

№С544 - Kizhi churchyard

Criteria: (i)(iv)(v)
Kizhi Pogost is located on one of the many islands of Lake Onega, in Karelia. Here you can see two wooden churches of the 18th century, as well as an octagonal bell tower, built of wood in 1862. These unusual structures, which are the pinnacle of carpentry, represent an example of an ancient church parish and are harmoniously combined with the surrounding natural landscape.
Information about the object:
on the site of the museum-reserve "Kizhi"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С545 - Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

Criteria: (i)(ii)(iv)(vi)
This place is inextricably linked with the most important historical and political events in the life of Russia. Starting from the XIII century. The Moscow Kremlin, created in the period from the XIV century. according to the 17th century outstanding Russian and foreign architects, was the grand ducal, and then the royal residence, as well as a religious center. St. Basil's Cathedral, a true masterpiece of Russian Orthodox architecture, rises on Red Square, which is located near the walls of the Kremlin.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Moscow Kremlin Museums
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

16th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1992 (Santa Fe, USA)

№С604 - Historical monuments of Veliky Novgorod and its environs

Criteria: (ii)(iv)(vi)
Novgorod, advantageously located on the ancient trade route between Central Asia and Northern Europe, was in the 9th century. the first capital of Russia, the center of Orthodox spirituality and Russian architecture. Its medieval monuments, churches and monasteries, as well as the frescoes of Theophan the Greek (teacher Andrei Rublev), dating from the 14th century, clearly illustrate the outstanding level of architectural and artistic creativity.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Novgorod Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С632 - Historical and cultural complex of the Solovetsky Islands

Criterion: (iv)
The Solovetsky archipelago, located in the western part of the White Sea, consists of 6 islands with a total area of ​​more than 300 sq. km. They were settled in the 5th century. BC, but the very first evidence of human presence here dates back to the 3rd-2nd millennium BC. The islands, starting from the 15th century, became the site of the creation and active development of the largest monastery in the Russian North. There are also several churches of the XVI-XIX centuries.
Information about the object:
on the website of the FGBUK "Solovki State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve"
on the site "Museums of Russia"

№С633 - White stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal

Criteria: (i)(ii)(iv)
These two ancient cultural centers of Central Russia occupy an important place in the history of the formation of the country's architecture. There are a number of majestic religious and public buildings of the 12th-13th centuries, among which the Assumption and Dmitrievsky Cathedrals (Vladimir) stand out.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

17th session of the World Heritage Committee -1993 (Cartagena, Colombia)

№С657 - The architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra in the city of Sergiev Posad

Criteria: (ii)(iv)
This is a vivid example of an active Orthodox monastery with the features of a fortress, which is quite consistent with the spirit of the time of its formation - the XV-XVIII centuries. In the main temple of the Lavra - the Assumption Cathedral, created in the image and likeness of the cathedral of the same name in the Moscow Kremlin - there is the tomb of Boris Godunov. Among the treasures of the Lavra is the famous icon "Trinity" by Andrey Rublev.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

18th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1994 (Phuket, Thailand)

№С634rev- Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye (Moscow)

Criteria: (ii)
This church was built in 1532 in the royal estate of Kolomenskoye near Moscow to commemorate the birth of an heir - the future Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. The Church of the Ascension, which is one of the earliest examples of the tent completion traditional for wooden architecture in stone, had a great influence on the further development of Russian church architecture.
Information about the object:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

19th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1995 (Berlin, Germany)

N719 - Virgin forests of Komi

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
Covering an area of ​​3.28 million hectares, the heritage site includes the lowland tundra, mountain tundra of the Urals, as well as one of the largest tracts of primary boreal forests that have survived in Europe. The vast territory with swamps, rivers and lakes, where conifers, birch and aspen grow, has been studied and protected for more than 50 years. Here you can trace the course of natural processes that determine the biodiversity of the taiga ecosystem.
Information about the object:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

20th session of the World Heritage Committee - 1996 (Merida, Mexico)

№ N754 - Lake Baikal

Criteria: (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
Located in the southeast of Siberia and covering an area of ​​3.15 million hectares, Baikal is recognized as the oldest (25 million years) and deepest (about 1700 m) lake on the planet. The reservoir stores approximately 20% of all the world's fresh water reserves. In the lake, which is known as the "Galapagos of Russia", due to its ancient age and isolation, a freshwater ecosystem, unique even by world standards, has formed, the study of which is of lasting importance for understanding the evolution of life on Earth.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

22nd session of the World Heritage Committee - 1998 (Kyoto, Japan)

№ N768rev - "Golden Mountains of Altai"

Criteria: (x)
The Altai Mountains, which are the main mountainous region in the south of Western Siberia, form the sources of the largest rivers in this region - the Ob and Irtysh. The heritage site includes three separate sections: the Altai Reserve with the water protection zone of Lake Teletskoye, the Katunsky Reserve plus the Belukha Natural Park, and the Ukok Plateau. The total area is 1.64 million hectares. The area demonstrates the widest range of altitudinal belts within Central Siberia: from steppes, forest-steppes and mixed forests to subalpine and alpine meadows and glaciers. The area is home to endangered animals such as the snow leopard.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

23rd session of the World Heritage Committee - 1999 (Marrakech, Morocco)

№ N900 - Western Caucasus

Criteria: (ix) (x)
This is one of the few large alpine massifs in Europe where nature has not yet undergone significant anthropogenic influence. The area of ​​the object is approximately 300 thousand hectares, it is located in the west of the Greater Caucasus, 50 km northeast of the Black Sea coast. Only wild animals graze in the local alpine and subalpine meadows, and the vast untouched mountain forests, stretching from the lowland to the subalpine zone, are also unique in Europe. The area is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems, highly endemic flora and fauna, and is an area where the mountain subspecies of the European bison once lived, and was later re-acclimatized.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

24th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2000 (Cairns, Australia)

№С980 - Historical and architectural complex of the Kazan Kremlin

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (iv)
Having emerged on the territory inhabited since very ancient times, the Kazan Kremlin traces its history back to the Muslim period in the history of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. It was conquered in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible and became a stronghold of Orthodoxy in the Volga region. The Kremlin, which has largely preserved the layout of the ancient Tatar fortress and has become an important center of pilgrimage, includes outstanding historical buildings of the 16th-19th centuries, built on the ruins of earlier structures of the 10th-16th centuries.
Information about the object:
on the website of the State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve "Kazan Kremlin"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С982 - Ensemble of the Ferapontov Monastery

Criteria: (i) (iv)
Ferapontov Monastery is located in the Vologda region, in the north of the European part of Russia. This is an exceptionally well-preserved Orthodox monastery complex of the 15th-17th centuries, i.е. a period that was of great importance for the formation of a centralized Russian state and the development of its culture. The architecture of the monastery is original and complete. In the interior of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, magnificent wall frescoes by Dionysius, the greatest Russian artist of the late 15th century, have been preserved.
Information about the object:
on the website of the FGBUK "Kirillo-Belozersky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"
on the website of the Museum of frescoes of Dionysius
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С994 - Curonian Spit
Transboundary facility: Lithuania, Russian Federation

Criterion: (v)
The human development of this narrow sandy peninsula, which has a length of 98 km and a width of 400 m to 4 km, began in prehistoric times. The spit was also exposed to natural forces - wind and sea waves. The preservation of this unique cultural landscape to this day has become possible only thanks to the ongoing struggle of man against erosion processes (dune fixation, forest plantations).
Information about the object:
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Lithuania)
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

25th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2001 (Helsinki, Finland)

№ N766rev - Central Sikhote-Alin

Criteria: (x)
Far Eastern coniferous-broad-leaved forests grow in the Sikhote-Alin mountains, which are recognized as one of the richest and most original in terms of species composition among all forests in the temperate zone of the Earth. In this transitional zone, located at the junction of taiga and subtropics, there is an unusual mixture of southern (tiger, Himalayan bear) and northern animal species (brown bear, lynx). The area stretches from the highest peaks of the Sikhote-Alin to the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, and is home to many endangered species, including the Amur tiger.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

27th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2003 (Paris, France)

№ N769 rev - Ubsunur hollow
Transboundary facility: Mongolia, Russian Federation

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site (with an area of ​​1,069 thousand hectares) is located within the northernmost of all drainless basins in Central Asia. Its name comes from the name of the vast shallow and very salty lake Ubsunur, in the area of ​​which a lot of migratory, waterfowl and near-water birds accumulate. The object consists of 12 disparate plots (including seven plots in Russia, with an area of ​​258.6 thousand hectares), which represent all the main types of landscapes characteristic of Eastern Eurasia. A wide variety of birds is noted in the steppes, and rare species of small mammals live in desert areas. In the highlands, such animals, rare on a global scale, as the snow leopard and argali mountain sheep, as well as the Siberian ibex, have been noted.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Tuva Republican Branch of the Russian Geographical Society
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№С1070 - Citadel, Old Town and fortifications of Derbent

Criteria: (iii) (iv)
Ancient Derbent was located on the northern borders of Sasanian Persia, which at that time stretched east and west from the Caspian Sea. Ancient fortifications built of stone include two fortress walls that run parallel to each other from the seashore to the mountains. The city of Derbent was formed between these two walls and has retained its medieval character to this day. It continued to be a strategically important site well into the 19th century.
Information about the object:
on the website of the State Budgetary Institution "Derbent State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

28th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2004 (Suzhou, China)

№С1097 - Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent (Moscow)

Criteria: (i) (iv) (vi)
The Novodevichy Convent, located in the south-west of Moscow, was built during the 16th-17th centuries and was one of the links in the chain of monastic ensembles united in the city's defense system. The monastery was closely connected with the political, cultural and religious life of Russia, as well as with the Moscow Kremlin. Representatives of the royal family, noble boyar and noble families were tonsured and buried here. The ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent is one of the masterpieces of Russian architecture (“Moscow baroque” style), and its interiors, which contain valuable collections of paintings and works of arts and crafts, are distinguished by rich interior decoration.
Information about the object:
on the site of the Bogoroditse-Smolensky Novodevichy Convent
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

№ N1023rev - Natural complex of the Wrangel Island Reserve

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site, located above the Arctic Circle, includes the mountainous Wrangel Island (7.6 thousand sq. km) and Herald Island (11 sq. km), together with the adjacent waters of the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. Since this area was not covered by a powerful Quaternary glaciation, a very high biodiversity is noted here. Wrangel Island is known for its huge walrus rookeries (one of the largest in the Arctic), as well as the highest density of polar bear birth dens in the world. The area is important as a feeding ground for gray whales migrating here from California and as a breeding ground for more than 50 species of birds, many of which are classified as rare and endangered. More than 400 species and varieties of vascular plants have been recorded on the island, more than on any other Arctic island. Some of the living organisms found here are special island forms of those plants and animals that are widespread on the continent. About 40 species and subspecies of plants, insects, birds and animals are defined as endemic.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution State Natural Reserve "Wrangel Island"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

29th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2005 (Durban, South Africa)

№С1187 - Struve geodetic arc
Transboundary facility: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (vi)
The Struve Arc is a chain of triangulation points stretching for 2820 km across the territory of ten European countries from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea. These reference observation points were laid in the period 1816-1855. astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (aka Vasily Yakovlevich Struve), who thus made the first reliable measurement of a large segment of the earth's meridian arc. This made it possible to accurately determine the size and shape of our planet, which was an important step in the development of earth sciences and topographic mapping. It was an exceptional example of cooperation in the scientific field between scientists from different countries and between reigning monarchs. Initially, the "arc" consisted of 258 geodetic "triangles" (polygons) with 265 main triangulation points. The World Heritage Site includes 34 such sites (the best surviving to date), which are marked on the ground in a variety of ways, such as hollows carved into the rocks, iron crosses, cairns or specially installed obelisks.

Criteria: (ii) (iv)
The historic city of Yaroslavl, located approximately 250 km northeast of Moscow at the confluence of the Kotorosl River with the Volga, was founded in the 11th century. and subsequently developed into a large shopping center. It is known for its numerous churches of the 17th century, and as an outstanding example of the implementation of the urban planning reform carried out by decree of Empress Catherine the Great in 1763 throughout Russia. Although the city retained a number of remarkable historical buildings, it was later reconstructed in the classicist style on the basis of a radial master plan. It also preserved belonging to the sixteenth century. buildings of the Spassky Monastery - one of the oldest in the Upper Volga region, which arose at the end of the 12th century. on the site of a pagan temple, but rebuilt over time.
Information about the object:
on the site of the official portal of the city of Yaroslavl
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

34th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2010 (Brazilia, Brazil)

№ N1234rev - Putorana Plateau

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
This object coincides with its borders with the Putoransky State Nature Reserve, located in the northern part of Central Siberia, 100 km above the Arctic Circle. The World Heritage Listed portion of this plateau has a full range of subarctic and arctic ecosystems preserved within an isolated mountain range, including pristine taiga, forest tundra, tundra and arctic desert systems, as well as a pristine cold water lake and river systems. Through the site runs the main migration route of reindeer, which is an exceptional, majestic and increasingly rare phenomenon of nature.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Joint Directorate of Taimyr Reserves"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

36th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2012 (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

№ N1299 - Lena Pillars Natural Park

Criteria: (viii)
The natural park "Lena Pillars" is formed by rock formations of rare beauty, which reach a height of about 100 meters and are located along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They originated in a sharply continental climate with a difference in annual temperature of up to 100 degrees Celsius (from -60°C in winter to +40°C in summer). The pillars are separated from each other by deep and steep ravines, partially filled with frosted rock fragments. The penetration of water from the surface accelerated the process of freezing and contributed to frost weathering. This led to the deepening of the ravines between the pillars and their dispersal. The proximity of the river and its course are dangerous factors for the pillars. On the site there are remains of many different species of the Cambrian period.
Information about the object:
on the website of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Natural Park "Lena Pillars"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center

38th session of the World Heritage Committee - 2014 (Doha, Qatar)

№С981rev- Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex

Criteria:(ii)(vi)
The facility is located on the banks of the Volga River south of the confluence of the Kama River and south of the capital of Tatarstan, the city of Kazan. It contains evidence of the existence of the medieval city of Bolgar, an ancient settlement of the Volga Bulgar people, which existed from the 7th to the 15th centuries. and was in the thirteenth century. the first capital of the Golden Horde. Bolgar demonstrates the historical and cultural interrelations and transformations in Eurasia over several centuries, which played a decisive role in the formation of civilizations, customs and cultural traditions. The object is an important evidence of historical continuity and diversity of cultures. It is a symbolic reminder of the adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgars in 922 and remains a sacred place of pilgrimage for Muslim Tatars.
Information about the object:
on the website of the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve "Great Bolgar"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the website of the World Heritage Center