Head of the obkhss ussr. bhss bep what is this

Department for combating theft of socialist property - a department for combating theft of socialist property in organizations and institutions of state trade, consumer, industrial and individual cooperation, procurement bodies and savings banks, as well as for combating speculation. OBKhSS existed in 1934-1991 as part of the law enforcement agencies of the USSR.

On March 16, 1937, by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, a department was formed to combat the theft of socialist property and speculation as part of the Main Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Militia of the NKVD of the USSR. Before him, some of these tasks were performed by the Military Revolutionary Committee and the Cheka.

The new department was tasked with ensuring the fight against theft of socialist property and speculation. The department accepted only experienced employees of the criminal investigation department and the economic departments of the NKVD.

The task of the OBKhSS employees during the Great Patriotic War, in addition to participating in hostilities, was also to control the supply of the front and the defense industry with the necessary resources.

After the war, OBKhSS sought to minimize the level of theft of material resources intended for the restoration of destroyed cities and the national economy.

By the end of the 1960s, a new increase in the activity of the trading mafia began, which, having taken over the network of urban fruit and vegetable bases, launched an active resale of part of the collective farm and state farm products through the markets. State industry still could not fully meet the needs of the population. Therefore, underground workshops and "factories", created on the basis of criminal cooperation, gained strength. This went on for many years.

Government decrees had an impact on the work of the BHSS devices. In pursuance of their work, the OBKhSS employees began to pay great attention to ensuring compensation for material damage caused by theft. The robbers were seized property and valuables worth more than 80% of the amount of damage caused. During Operation Harvest in 1975-1976, about 17 thousand facts of squandering and theft of agricultural products were revealed, as a result of which more than 12 thousand tons of grain and other products worth 2 million rubles were seized and returned to farms. In total, over the years, thanks to the fight against economic crime, more than 450 million rubles worth of unaccounted inventory items have been saved from plunder and credited.

The period of stagnation was a turning point in the history of the Soviet shadow economy. It is during this period that it becomes a stable system in which millions of people are involved to one degree or another. "Tsekhoviki" and the trading mafia are establishing close ties with corrupt party and Soviet officials and "thieves in law". The number of “high-profile” cases solved during this period by the employees of the BHSS services is relatively small - these are, first of all, cases of abuse by the top leaders of Uzbekistan (“cotton case”), Georgia and Armenia, as well as investigations into theft from gold and emerald mines. Only two major investigations were carried out in the cases of the trading mafia, both in Moscow - “the case of the grocery store Eliseevsky” and “the case of the Okean company”. Some of these criminal cases probably reflect the "undercover" struggle of various groups in the highest circles of power.

In February 1992, as part of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the BHSS Department was replaced by the Main Directorate for Economic Crimes (GUEP), then it became GUBEP (Main Directorate for Combating Economic Crimes). The divisions of the GUBEP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are called UBEP and OBEP. Since 2005, after an administrative reform, this service has been transformed into the Department of Economic Security (DES) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

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In the late 1930s in the USSR, it became necessary to create specialized bodies to combat crimes that encroach on the economic security of the state.

On March 16, 1937, by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, a department was organized in the Main Police Department of the NKVD (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs) to combat theft of socialist property and speculation - OBKhSS GUM NKVD of the USSR.

The department was created "to ensure the fight against theft of socialist property in organizations and institutions of state trade, consumer, industrial and individual cooperation, procurement bodies and savings banks, as well as to combat speculation" and was staffed from the most trained employees of the criminal investigation department and economic departments of the NKVD.

Previously, some of these tasks were assigned to the Military Revolutionary Committee and the Cheka, in the structure of which departments were created to combat speculation and crimes ex officio.

The main task of the BHSS departments in the pre-war period was the organization of special events aimed at reducing waste and theft in organizations, at enterprises of state trade and consumer cooperation.

During the Great Patriotic War, OBKhSS employees, along with direct participation in hostilities, ensured control over the activities of enterprises and organizations, uninterrupted supply of the front and the defense industry with the necessary resources.

In the post-war period, the BHSS services were faced with the task of preventing the theft of material resources allocated for the restoration of destroyed cities and the national economy.

After the collapse of the USSR, in February 1992, the Main Directorate for Economic Crimes (GUEP) was created as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, in 1997 it was renamed the Main Directorate for Combating Economic Crimes (GUBEP) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; local units are called UBEP and OBEP.

In June 2001, GUBEP became part of the Criminal Police Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and two years later, the Federal Service for Economic and Tax Crimes began to operate within the structure of the ministry. In 2005, as a result of administrative reform, it became the Department of Economic Security (DES) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

At the moment, the tasks of the Department include: participation in the formation of the main directions of the state policy in the field of economic security; in improving the normative legal regulation in the field of economic security; adoption within the competence of measures to organize the fight against tax and economic crimes; organizational and methodological management of the activities of units for combating economic crimes and tax crimes of the main departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for federal districts, ministries of internal affairs, main departments, departments of internal affairs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, etc.

What do they do in the OBEP, what do they do and what rights do employees of this department have? This question is of interest to many Russians, especially entrepreneurs and businessmen who, by the nature of their activities, sometimes have to deal with the OBEP.

Let's start with an excursion into history. Police units to combat criminal acts in the economic sphere have existed for more than a dozen years. So, it is customary to congratulate employees of the economic security units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on March 16 - it was on this day in 1937 that by act N 00118 of the NKVD of the USSR, a department was formed as part of the NKVD of the USSR to combat the theft of socialist property and speculation.

OBHSS checks

Throughout the entire period of the existence of the USSR, the magical abbreviation OBKhSS terrified guild workers, speculators and trade representatives. At the same time, the most qualified personnel traditionally served in the subdivisions of the OBKhSS, and ordinary employees were classified as so-called “white-collar workers”, implying that they do not deal with general criminal acts, but solve cases in the economic sphere; once again this was confirmed by the fact that the operative officers of the BHSS did not belong to the criminal investigation department. Until the collapse of the USSR, the tasks and name of the body did not change, and the changes concerned exclusively organizational issues, in particular, the liquidation of the NKVD, the creation of a single Ministry of State Security of the USSR, and then the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

After the reorientation of the criminal legislation in the second half of the 80s of the last century to protect, first of all, the rights and freedoms of the individual, the abolition of the concept of socialist property, the tasks of the OBKhSS also changed. If earlier, until 1985, the employees of the OBKhSS were mainly engaged in defending the interests of the state in the field of the economy, suppressing and solving crimes that encroach on socialist property and the Soviet way of life, now employees of this department are engaged in preventing, suppressing and solving a number of criminal offenses in the field of economics, including acts against the private property of citizens and commercial organizations. In this regard, instead of units of the BHSS, special units were created, which were headed by the Bureau of Crime in the Sphere of Economics of the Criminal Police of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

In February 1992, as a result of the abolition of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs with the transfer of the material base and the staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the Main Directorate for Economic Crimes (GUEP) was created to replace the abolished Directorate of the BHSS as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which headed the vertically harmonious system of territorial administrations and departments (UEP and OEP ). Five years later, the name was once again changed to GUBEP and UBEP and OBEP locally, in June 2001 the GUBEP units were structurally included in the Criminal Police Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which also included criminal investigation units.

A further change in the name and functions of the economic security units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation occurred in 2003 after the liquidation of the Federal Tax Police Service of the Russian Federation and the transfer of its powers to disclose tax violations to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since now the police bodies were engaged in preventive and investigative work in relation to tax crimes, the central and territorial divisions of the Economic Crime Department were abolished, and instead of them, the Federal Service for Economic and Tax Crimes was created as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which included the Main Directorate for Combating Economic Crimes. crimes and the Main Directorate for Tax Crimes, with local departments and departments, later renamed as a result of the merger into a single Main Directorate for Economic and Tax Crimes (GUENP, UENP, OENP).

In 2005, another transformation took place: instead of the GUENP as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Department of Economic Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (DEB) was created, with departments and departments in the field. In 2008, the DES also became involved in the fight against corruption and organized crime in the economic sphere, in connection with which the corresponding Operational Investigation Bureaus (ORB) 3 and 10 were created in the structure of the DES.

Finally, in their modern form, economic security units were formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 01, 2011; in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, instead of the DEB, the Main Directorate for Economic Security and Anti-Corruption Control (GUEBiPK) was created, on the ground - departments for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and territorial departments under the Internal Affairs Directorate at district ATCs (OEBiPK ATC for the Central Administrative District of Moscow, etc.) GUEBiPK, UEBiPK and OEBiPK on the ground are traditionally divided into operational-search units and departments in accordance with the areas of activity. Despite the fact that the abbreviation OBEP is no longer legally relevant, among the "people" these units are still referred to as OBEP. It should be borne in mind that there are no economic security and anti-corruption units at the level of district police departments (OVD).

Thus, the structure of the police units for cases in the field of economics is currently as follows:

GUEBiPK as part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia;

UEBiPK at the Main Directorates of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the subjects of the federation;

OEBiPK at the departments of internal affairs, also referred to informally as OEB or OBEP;

ORC and departments as part of departments and departments.

In the structure of the Main Directorate of the OEBiPK, territorial departments and departments, there are, respectively, departments, ORC and departments that are engaged in the fight against crime in certain sectors of the economy. So, traditionally there are departments and ORCs to combat illegal acts in:

public sector;

in the fields of fuel and energy complex and chemistry;

in the areas of financial activity and bankruptcy;

in the fields of mechanical engineering and metallurgy;

in the field of agriculture, aquatic biological resources, trade, food, forestry, light industry, construction and housing and communal services.

Also, until recently, there were separate departments and ORCs that were engaged in the fight against tax violations (traditionally they were ORC No. 4), however, with the transfer of tax crimes from the jurisdiction of the internal affairs bodies to investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, these units began to engage in other activities; Currently, there are no separate divisions within the UEBiPK aimed exclusively at combating tax crimes. Meanwhile, divisions of the OEBiPK at all levels actively interact with the tax authorities in the field of combating tax crimes. If necessary, employees of UEBiPK, OEBiPK participate in joint tax audits with tax inspectorates. If, as a result of the audit, taxes have been assessed that are sufficient in amount to initiate a criminal case, the materials are transferred to the investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for a decision to initiate a criminal case.

It should be noted that within the FSB of the Russian Federation, as well as the departments of the FSB of the Russian Federation for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there are services competing with the units of the GUEBiPK - the Economic Security Service of the FSB of the Russian Federation (SEB of the Directorates of the FSB of the Russian Federation for the subjects of the federation).

Taking into account the specifics of the tasks solved by the FSB of the Russian Federation, the SES of the FSB is engaged in ensuring the economic security of the state, for which the SES has the appropriate departments:

Office "P" - counterintelligence support for the fight against corruption in the industrial sector.

Department "K" - counterintelligence support for the fight against corruption in the credit, financial and banking sectors.

Office "T" - counterintelligence support for the fight against corruption in the transport sector.

Office "M" - counterintelligence support for the fight against corruption in government ministries, such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

Office "N" - the fight against smuggling and the spread of drugs.

Organizational and analytical management that does not have a letter code.

What they do in the OEB (OBEP) and what rights the employees of the OEB (OBEP) have are enshrined in the following acts:

Federal Law "On Police";

Federal law "On operational-search activity";

Regulations on the Main Directorate of Economic Security and Anti-Corruption of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated March 16, 2015 N 340;

Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation;

Instruction on the procedure for conducting a public operational-search activity by employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, an inspection of premises, buildings, structures, terrain and vehicles, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of 04/01/2014 N 199.

What do they do in the OEB (OBEP)?

According to the current legislation, employees of the OES (OBEP) are engaged in the prevention, detection, suppression and disclosure of economic and corruption crimes, as well as the identification and identification of persons who prepare, commit or have committed them.

What does the OEB (OBEP) check?

First of all, the OES (OBEP) is engaged in checking the statements of citizens and organizations about the commission of acts in the field of the economy. These applications are submitted directly to the employees of the territorial subdivisions of the Economic Crime Department for inspections.

It should be borne in mind that the employees of the OES (OBEP) are engaged in a large amount of work, since more than 50 offenses under the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are assigned to their competence.

It should also be taken into account the high prevalence of violations in the field of market relations, as well as the difficulty in disclosing this category of cases. In this regard, employees often do not have time to send requests to the Department of Economic Crime and check reports of a crime within the 30-day maximum period established by law. What the OBEP does in this case is, as a result, issue unreasonable decisions to refuse to initiate a criminal case. It is in connection with this that in recent years the term “technical refusal”, which is not provided for by law, has become widespread, that is, the refusal to initiate a criminal case due to the lack of corpus delicti due to the fact that the operational officer did not have time to take up the entire range of necessary measures. The prosecutor's office is engaged in the abolition of such decisions, but it takes time, the nerves of the victim of the crime are wasted, and his rights of the OBEP are actually violated.

Therefore, if you have become a victim of an economic offense, you need protection on charges of committing an unlawful act in the field of economics, or you are actively interested in the OES (OBEP), you should enlist the help of a lawyer who specializes in providing legal services in this category of cases.

History of OBHSS

Before explaining this, somewhat paradoxical, thought in more detail, I would like to give a brief history of the organization, which stood out significantly against the background of the law enforcement agencies of the USSR.

History reference

The history of the creation of an economic law enforcement system began with the Military Revolutionary Committee and the Cheka (in the structure of which departments were created to combat speculation and crimes by position). During 1918-1920, the main "links" of the workers' and peasants' militia were formed, for example, the Criminal Investigation Department, as well as the industrial, railway and river militia (abolished in 1921).

In February 1924, a departmental militia was formed (commercial and industrial, credit and financial, mining, factory, market, resort, etc.), whose units were created on a contractual basis and maintained at the expense of serviced objects.

In 1926, the organization of a departmental search began. Its functions were similar to the tasks of future OBHSS devices. The formation of departmental militia to protect the property of state farms and collective farms has become widespread.

With the development of the Soviet state, the functions of the police were constantly expanding. In the early 1930s, there was a tendency to increase criminal liability for theft of socialist property and speculation. The USSR Constitution of 1936 established that its economic basis is primarily the socialist economic system, state and cooperative-collective farm ownership of the means of production. In this regard, there is a need to create specialized bodies that ensure the economic security of the state. On March 16, 1937, by order of the NKVD No. 0018, the Department for Combating theft of Socialist Property and Speculation was formed as part of the Main Police Department of the NKVD of the USSR - OBKhSS GUM NKVD of the USSR. The adopted Regulations on the OBHSS stated that this unit was being created "to ensure the fight against theft of socialist property in organizations and institutions of state trade, consumer, industrial and disabled cooperation, procurement bodies and savings banks, as well as to combat speculation."

In 1947, the process of reorganization of the Main Police Department began, caused by the need to improve law enforcement activities, and the Directorate for Combating theft of Socialist Property and Speculation (UBKhSS GUM NGB of the USSR) was created.

On April 11, 1955, by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR was organized, and the Russian Republic for the first time received its Office of the BHSS.

In 1983, the Regulations on the divisions of the BHSS were adopted, which determined the priority areas for their activities: the fight against theft, bribery, illegal currency transactions and speculation. At the same time, special emphasis was placed on identifying, first of all, large-scale, disguised crimes and strengthening operational work.

After the collapse of the USSR in February 1992, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR were merged into the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, and the Bureau of Crime in the Economy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the BEP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR underwent a merger process. The new division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was named the Main Directorate for Economic Crimes (GUEP MIA RF).

If you take a closer look, you can see that the dates of the formation of the system of economic protection of state property in some way coincide with the milestones in the formation of the Soviet state. As soon as the next stage in the consolidation of the achievements of Soviet power took place, the “economic shield” was immediately strengthened, under the protection of which socialist property was hidden. Let's try to compare.

In 1924, the complete confusion caused by the revolution and the Civil War ended, the foundation of the Soviet economy began to be laid - it was this year that the formation of many ministries and departments was dated. A new economic policy was proclaimed and (if you noticed) law enforcement on a contractual basis by object.

1926 - the tightening of the economic policy regime in relation to private entrepreneurship and immediately the creation of a state structure that guards state property.

The infamous 1937. The year of the creation of the BHSS and at the same time the construction of economic crimes in a number of ideology. Since then, private entrepreneurship has been elevated to the rank of an ideological crime.

Postwar 1947. To intimidate marauders and people who can take advantage of the chaos that accompanies the reconstruction of the country after the war, the BHSS Directorate is being created, that is, a system that "protects the guards."

1955 is the year of the final economic recovery in the country after the Second World War and the final prohibition of any kind of private business. It is in this year that ministry whose task is to prevent crimes against the socialist form of the economy.

Until now, the dynamics of development and improvement of this department strikes the imagination with efficiency and timeliness. It is quite obvious that the leadership of the USSR pays close attention to this issue. But after 1955, a symptomatic lull follows - no less than twenty-eight years! It was during these years that the formation of the underground production of consumer goods took place and the theft of state property and the corruption of state officials reached their peak. In this regard, two conclusions can be drawn.

Conclusion one: if until the mid-fifties the problems of protecting socialist property for twenty-five years were dealt with exclusively by professionals - economists and lawyers of the highest class, who worked in close connection with the country's top leadership, then after 1955, specialists, apparently, were transferred to the country.

Second conclusion: after the "watershed" of the fifties, it was in the interests of the country's leadership that the development of the system slowed down. A strange conclusion, but quite in the spirit of the general history of the USSR.

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The most formidable and incorruptible special service in the USSR could cross out the career and even the life of any director or minister

There was such an anecdote in the Soviet Union. A KGB major is asked what his organization does.

We deal with people who are dissatisfied with the state system.

Are there any who are satisfied?

There are, but OBKhSS deals with them!

Born in the 37th

Until 1937, there was no agency in the country to combat economic crimes. When additional funds were needed for the industrialization of an agrarian country, Stalin decides to create a department under the NKVD to combat the theft of socialist property and speculation. So in March 1937, the legendary OBKhSS was born.

The first department arose in Moscow, and over time, offices spread throughout the country. The most experienced employees of the UGRO and economic departments of the NKVD were accepted into the new departments. Crime fighters began investigating theft at work, counterfeiters and speculators, as well as those who conducted currency transactions.

During the Great Patriotic War, the OBKhSS also had control over the supply of the front. And in the 60s, employees of the department, who had a reputation for being absolutely incorruptible, began a fight with the trading mafia that “ruled” in the markets. Then the guild workers came into their field of vision.

Thanks to the intensive work of the OBHSS, a significant reduction in the production of counterfeit money and the number of illegal foreign exchange transactions was achieved. From the 1960s until the collapse of the USSR, the department concentrated on suppressing criminal activity in trade, leaving behind a string of high-profile cases, on the basis of which television series are filmed in modern Russia.

Trade workers of all ranks, from the lowest to the highest, were afraid of OBKhSS like fire. Moreover, around the clock - no one guaranteed that representatives of the department would not rush home in the middle of the night and begin to find out what income was used to buy furniture, crystal sets in sideboards, and so on. The party bosses were also afraid of the department for combating the theft of socialist property, later even a pun question arose: "Why was the CPSU afraid of the OBKhSS."

ocean of money

In 1976, throughout the Soviet Union, on the personal instructions of the Prime Minister Alexey Kosygin opened fish shops "Ocean". They were intended for the implementation of a comprehensive program for the development of the fishing industry, since in the USSR there was not enough meat for buyers.

On a summer morning in 1978, rumors spread around Moscow that black caviar was being sold in stores under the guise of sprats in tomato. Investigators of the Prosecutor General's Office immediately became interested in the unprecedented canned food.

The revealed criminal scheme turned out to be both simple and large-scale. In the course of a joint investigation by the OBKhSS and the KGB, the director of the Okean network was arrested Feldman and the director of one of these shops Fishman. Both criminals exchanged rubles for currency in large quantities, preparing to flee to the West through the countries of the socialist camp.

The dealers handed over to the investigators all participants in the chain, including senior officials of the USSR. Deputy Minister of the Fishing Industry Vladimir Rytov was shot

In the footsteps of the merchants Eliseevs

The era of the Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev ended on a sad note. Two weeks before his death, the director of the Eliseevsky grocery store in Moscow was arrested. Yuri Sokolov. A case of bribery and embezzlement was initiated against him and the management of the store.

For twenty years in a row, Yuri Sokolov headed grocery store No. 1. Abundance reigned in Eliseevsky and its branches, but not for everyone. Imported products, caviar, sausages, sweets and fruits were distributed among the families of high-ranking officials, generals, creative and sports elite. The enterprising director also entered the family of Leonid Ilyich himself, with whose daughter he lived in the same house.

Yuri Sokolov has built a clear vertical pattern of corruption. From above, he was “covered” by the owner of Moscow, the First Secretary of the City Party Committee Viktor Grishin. From below, the heads of branches were subordinate to him. He met with them on Fridays, like a "godfather", accepting envelopes with money. Part of this money was transferred to the head of the Moscow Main Department of Trade Nikolai Tregubov and other interested parties.

In total, more than 10 thousand people were involved in the investigation of crimes in the trading system of the capital. The heads of Moscow's leading grocery stores were imprisoned: Novoarbatsky and Smolensky grocery stores, as well as the head of Mosplodovoshprom and the director of the Diettorg chain. A huge number of citizens were caught in bribes and illegal trade - from directors of grocery stores to top managers of industries not related to the food industry.

As a result of the work of the OBKhSS and the investigative team, the unlucky director Sokolov, who became a puppet in the struggle of the Kremlin party clans, was sentenced to death.

black cotton

Among all the corruption cases in which the OBKhSS took part in the investigation, the “cotton case” stands out with a special scope. It dragged on for 10 years. The system of registration in the cotton industry of the USSR ended with the opening of almost 1,000 criminal cases. More than 5,000 people received prison sentences, and sometimes capital punishment. Among them were the Minister of Industry of Uzbekistan, the head of the OBKhSS of the Bukhara region, the son-in-law of Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Churbanov and First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan.