The ship "Titanic". How many people were on the Titanic? How many survived and how many people died on the Titanic

One of the most tragic and at the same time of the XX century remains the collapse of the largest passenger liner of its time - the Titanic. Until now, there are numerous disputes about the details of his death: how many on the Titanic, how many of them survived, and how many died, whose fault was in the catastrophe. Let's try to at least partially understand these nuances.

Construction history

In order to find out how many people were on the Titanic, you must first determine the number of passengers and crew that it could potentially accommodate. For this purpose, we will plunge into the history of construction
The very idea of creating a giant passenger ship arose in connection with the fierce competition between the White Star Line and Cunard Line companies. The latter corporation by that time had already been able to create several large intercontinental liners, the largest for their time. Naturally, the White Star Line did not want to be left behind. And so the idea of creating the Titanic was born, which was supposed to break records in terms of size and capacity.

Construction began in the spring of 1909 at a shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. More than one and a half thousand workers took part in the construction of this giant. They were built using the methods standard for that time, in which a vertical keel was mounted on the horizontal keel of the ship.

In the late spring of 1911, the Titanic was finally launched. But this did not mean that the construction was completed. Further, the installation of equipment in the engine room and finishing work were carried out.

In February 1912, the ship was already completely ready, and in April it was put into operation.

Specifications "Titanic"

The Titanic, at the time of its inception, was the largest ship ever built. Its length was 259.8 m, height - 18.4 m, width - more than 28 m, draft - 10.54 m, displacement - 52,310 tons, weight - 46,330 tons. At the same time, it had a capacity of 55,000 horsepower and developed a speed of 24 knots, which was achieved thanks to three propellers, two four-cylinder engines and a steam turbine. Such dimensions and the presence of fifteen partitions created the illusion of unsinkability.

Now let's find out how many people on board the Titanic could be located at the same time. According to the specifications, the ship could accommodate 2556 passengers and 908 crew members. In total - 3464 people. At the same time, only 20 lifeboats were located on the Titanic, which could accommodate only 1,178 passengers. That is, it was even initially assumed that in the event of a large-scale catastrophe, less than half of the people who could potentially be on the liner would be able to escape. But, most likely, no one even thought that such a disaster could happen on an "unsinkable" ship.

But, of course, the potential capacity of the ship does not yet give an exact answer to the question of how many people were on the Titanic at the time of the disaster. We will talk about this below.

departure

The Titanic made its first and, as it turned out later, last flight in the direction of Southampton (Britain) - New York (USA) across the Atlantic Ocean. The departure was scheduled for April 10, 1912.

Smith was appointed captain - one of the most experienced sailors of that time. He had twenty-five years of command experience behind him.

After loading passengers on the appointed day at 12:00, the Titanic set off on its final journey.

Number of passengers and crew

Now let's still find out how many people were on the Titanic when it set off on its fateful voyage.

According to the official chronicle, the number of the crew of the liner when it left Southampton was 891 people. Of these, 390 people of the ship's crew, eight of whom were officers, the rest - service personnel.

With the calculation of passengers, the situation is more complicated, since their number is constantly changing. This was due to the fact that some of the passengers got off, and some, on the contrary, boarded the ship at intermediate stops in Cherbourg and Queenstown.

943 passengers departed from Southampton, of which 195 traveled first class. But by the time they entered the open ocean, the number of passengers had increased to 1317 people. 324 of them were lucky enough to travel in the first class, 128 and 708 people were in the second and third, respectively. It should be noted that 125 children were present among the passengers.

Thus, we see that with a total passenger capacity of the Titanic of 2556 people, in its first and last voyage, it was loaded a little more than half. It should be noted that the provided number of boats would not even be enough to save all the passengers, not to mention the crew.

Among the famous passengers of the Titanic are millionaires John Jacob Astor and Benjamin Guggenheim, journalist William Stead, and assistant to the American president Archibald Bath.

Thus, we answered the question of how many people were on the Titanic.

Swimming

As already mentioned, after calling at Cherbourg and Queenstown, the liner went out into the open ocean and headed along the transatlantic route to the shores of North America. The Titanic was given a speed limit of 21 knots, with a maximum possible speed of 24 knots.

The weather was great during the trip. The voyage itself took place without any special incidents and deviations from the course.

On April 14, 1912, having covered a total of 2,689 kilometers of the Atlantic route, the Titanic reached a point near Newfoundland, where it met with an iceberg.

clash

Icebergs are quite frequent "fellow travelers" of ships in the North Atlantic. But the Titanic was moving, as it was believed, on a safe course, on which at that time of the year there should be no ice blocks. Nevertheless, on April 14, closer to midnight, their meeting took place.

The commands "To the port side" and "Full back" were immediately given. But it was already too late. A ship as huge as the Titanic could not successfully maneuver in such a narrow space. The collision happened at 23:40.

The blow was not very strong. Nevertheless, even this was enough to play a fatal role in the fate of many passengers and crew members. How many people died on the Titanic because of this fatal blow ...

After a collision with an iceberg, six holes were formed in five compartments. The Titanic was not designed for such a turn of events. The command realized that the fate of the ship was sealed. The designer stated that the ship would remain on the surface for no more than an hour and a half.

Passenger evacuation

An order was immediately given to rescue passengers, primarily women and children. The crew prepared the boats.

To prevent panic among the passengers, the true reasons for the evacuation were hidden from them, they said that it was carried out in order to prevent a possible collision with an iceberg. It was not difficult to convince people of this, because, as mentioned above, the impact on the Titanic was practically not noticeable. Many did not even want to leave the comfortable ship and change to boats.

But when the water began to gradually flood the ship, it was no longer possible to hide the true state of affairs. Panic arose on board, which intensified after the Titanic began to list. It became clear that there were not enough boats for all. The crush began. Everyone wanted to be among the rescued, although the team did their best to let women and children through first.

Two hours after midnight, the last boat with passengers set sail from the sinking ship. There was nothing more to transport the remaining people.

The sinking of the Titanic

Meanwhile, the water filled the ship more and more. First of all, the captain's bridge was flooded. The bow of the ship went under water, and the stern, on the contrary, rose a little. The people who remained on the Titanic rushed there.

As the sinking progressed, the angle between the ship's stern and bow began to widen, causing the Titanic to break in two. At 2:20 the liner finally sank.

But how many people died on the Titanic? Did any of the remaining passengers and crew on the ship survive? And how many people were saved from the Titanic? We will try to answer these questions below.

Number of survivors

In order to find out how many people died on the Titanic, two mandatory inputs must be identified. They can help answer this question. First of all, you need to find out how many people were on the Titanic. This is what we have defined above. You also need to know how many people were saved from the Titanic. Below we will try to answer this question.

According to official statistics, a total of 712 people were saved. Of these, 212 crew members and 500 passengers. The largest percentage of rescued people is among first class passengers, 62%. The number of survivors in the second and third grades was 42.6% and 25.6%, respectively. At the same time, only 23.6% of the team members managed to escape.

These figures are explained by the fact that the order was given in the first place to save passengers, not crew members. The greater number of survivors traveling in first class is due to the fact that the lower the class, the farther it was from the deck of the ship. Consequently, people had less access to lifeboats.

If we talk about how many people on the Titanic survived among those passengers and crew members who could not be evacuated, then we need to state the fact that it was simply impossible to save one's life in these conditions. The patient sucked everything after him into the abyss.

Now it will not be difficult for us to determine how many people drowned on the Titanic.

How many people died?

Having determined how many people survived on the Titanic, and also bearing in mind the initial number of passengers and crew members, it is not difficult to answer the question of the number of deaths during the crash.

1496 people died, that is, more than 67% of the people who were on the ship at the time of the collision with the ice block. Including 686 crew casualties and 810 passengers. These figures speak of the poor organization of the rescue of people in distress.

Thus, we found out how many people died on the Titanic.

Causes of the disaster

It is difficult to judge how great the fault of the crew members who failed to notice the iceberg in time. But it should be noted that the collision occurred late at night, moreover, in latitudes where at this time of the year no one expected to see an ice block.

Another thing is that the designers of the ship and the organizers of the voyage relied too much on the unsinkability of the Titanic. For this reason, only half of the boats from the required number were located on the ship. In addition, when organizing the evacuation, the team members did not know their exact capacity, so the first rescue boats were only half full.

How many people died on the Titanic, how many families lost their relatives only because no one even seriously thought about the possibility of a catastrophe ...

The meaning of the disaster

It is difficult to overestimate the impact that the death of the Titanic had on the minds of contemporaries. It was perceived as a response of the forces of nature to the aspirations of a man who, in his pride, decided that he had created an unsinkable ship.

There were also disputes among experts about the true causes of the tragedy and whether it could have been avoided, how many people survived on the Titanic and how many died.

The death of this miracle of human thought still excites the consciousness of people. This catastrophe has an impact on culture to this day. About the fate of the Titanic and the people who were on it at the time of the disaster, books are written and films are made.

You have already read and heard about the Titanic many times. The history of the creation and crash of the liner is overgrown with rumors and myths. For more than 100 years, the British steamship has been haunting the minds of people trying to find the answer - why did the Titanic sink?

The history of the legendary liner is interesting for three reasons:

Departure day

it was the largest ship for 1912;
the number of victims turned the catastrophe into a global failure;
finally, James Cameron, with his film, singled out the history of the liner from the general list of maritime disasters, as well.

We will tell you everything about the Titanic, as it was in reality. About how long the Titanic is in meters, how much the Titanic sank, and who was really behind the massive disaster.

Where did the Titanic sail from and to?

We know from Cameron's film that the liner was bound for New York. The American up-and-coming city was to be the final stop. But far from everyone knows for sure where the Titanic sailed from, considering that London was the starting point. The capital of Great Britain was not in the ranks of seaports, and therefore the steamer could not leave from there.

The fateful flight began from Southampton, a major English port, from where transatlantic flights ran. The path of the Titanic on the map clearly shows the movement. Southampton is both a port and a city located in the southern part of England (Hampshire).

See how the route of the Titanic ran on the map:

Dimensions of the Titanic in meters

To understand more about the Titanic, the causes of the disaster must be disclosed, starting with the dimensions of the ship.

How many meters is the Titanic in length and in other dimensions:

exact length - 299.1 m;
width - 28.19 m;
height from the keel - 53.3 m.

There is also such a question - how many decks did the Titanic have? Only 8. Boats were located on the top, therefore the upper deck was called the boat deck. The rest were distributed according to the letter designation.

A - deck I class. Its peculiarity is limited in size - it did not lie down the entire length of the vessel;
B - anchors were located in the front of the deck and its dimensions were also shorter - by 37 meters of deck C;
C - deck with a galley, a mess for the crew and a promenade for class III.
D - walking area;
E - cabins I, II classes;
F - cabins II and III classes;
G - deck with boiler rooms in the middle.

Finally, how much does the Titanic weigh? The displacement of the largest ship of the early 20th century is 52,310 tons.

Titanic: the story of the crash

What year did the Titanic sink? The famous disaster occurred on the night of April 14, 1912. It was the fifth day of the trip. Chronicles indicate that at 23:40 the liner survived a collision with an iceberg and after 2 hours 40 minutes (2:20 a.m.) it went under water.

Further investigations showed that the crew received 7 weather warnings, but this did not prevent the ship from reducing its speed limit. The iceberg was sighted directly ahead of us too late to take precautions. As a result - holes in the starboard side. Ice damaged 90 m of hull and 5 bow compartments. This was enough to sink the liner.

Tickets for the new liner were more expensive than for other ships. If a person was used to traveling in first class, then on the Titanic he would have to transfer to second class.

Edward Smith, the captain of the ship, began the evacuation after midnight: a distress call was sent, the attention of other ships was attracted by flares, lifeboats went to the water. But the rescue was slow and uncoordinated - there was an empty place in the boats while the Titanic was sinking, the water temperature did not rise above two degrees below zero, and the first steamer arrived in time only half an hour after the disaster.

Titanic: how many people died and survived

How many people survived on the Titanic? No one will say the exact data, as they could not say this on the fateful night. The list of Titanic passengers initially changed in practice, but not on paper: some canceled the trip at the time of departure and were not crossed out, others traveled anonymously under assumed names, and others were listed as dead on the Titanic several times.

It is only approximately possible to say how many people drowned on the Titanic - about 1500 (minimum 1490 - maximum 1635). Among them was Edward Smith with some assistants, 8 musicians from the famous orchestra, large investors and businessmen.

Classiness was felt even after death - the bodies of the dead from the first class were embalmed and placed in coffins, the second and third classes were given bags and boxes. When the embalming agents ran out, the bodies of unknown third-class passengers were simply thrown into the water (according to the rules, unembalmed corpses could not be brought to the port).

The bodies were found within a radius of 80 km from the crash site, and due to the current of the Gulf Stream, many were dispersed even further.

Photos of dead people

Initially, it was known how many passengers were on the Titanic, although not completely:

crew of 900 people;
195 first class;
255 second class;
493 people of the third class.

Some passengers left at intermediate ports, some called. It is believed that the liner went to the fatal route with a staff of 1317 people, of which 124 are children.

Titanic: scuttling depth - 3750 m

The English steamer could accommodate 2,566 people, of which 1,034 seats were for first-class passengers. The half-load of the liner is due to the fact that transatlantic flights were not popular in April. At that time, a coal strike broke out, this disrupted coal supplies, schedules and changes in plans.

The question of how many people escaped from the Titanic was difficult to answer because the rescue operations took place from different ships, and the slow connection did not provide fast data.

After the crash, only 2/3 of the delivered bodies were identified. Some were buried locally, the rest were sent home. In the disaster area, bodies in white vests were found for a long time. Of the 1,500 people who died, only 333 bodies were found.

How deep is the Titanic

When answering the question about the depth at which the Titanic sank, one must remember about the pieces carried by the currents (by the way, they learned about this only in the 80s, before that it was believed that the liner sank to the bottom entirely). The wreckage of the liner on the night of the crash went at a depth of 3750 m. The bow was thrown 600 m from the stern.

The place where the Titanic sank, on the map:

In which ocean did the Titanic sink? - in the Atlantic.

Titanic lifted from the bottom of the ocean

They wanted to raise the ship from the moment of the crash. Initiative plans were put forward by relatives of the dead from the first class. But 1912 did not yet know the necessary technologies. The war, lack of knowledge and funds delayed the search for the sunken ship for a hundred years. Since 1985, 17 expeditions have been carried out, during which 5,000 items and large plating have been raised to the surface, but the ship itself has remained at the bottom of the ocean.

Titanic underwater. A photo

What does the Titanic look like now?

In the time since the crash, the ship has become covered in marine life. Rust, painstaking work of invertebrates and natural decomposition processes have changed the structures beyond recognition. By this time, the bodies had already completely decomposed, and by the 22nd century, only anchors and boilers would remain from the Titanic - the most massive metal structures.

Photo of the sunken Titanic

Even now the interiors of the decks have been destroyed, the cabins and halls have collapsed.

Titanic, Britannic and Olympic

All three ships were manufactured by the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company. Before the Titanic, the Olympic saw the world. It is easy to see a fatal predisposition in the fate of the three ships. The first liner was wrecked as a result of a collision with a cruiser. Not such a large-scale disaster, but still an impressive failure.

Then the story of the Titanic, which received a wide response in the world, and, finally, the Gigantic. They tried to make this ship especially durable, given the mistakes of previous liners. He was even launched into the water, but the First World War disrupted the plans. The giant became a hospital ship called the Britannic.

Titanic: photo underwater now

He then just managed to carry out 5 quiet flights, and on the sixth there was a disaster. Having been blown up by a German mine, the Britannic rapidly sank. The mistakes of the past and the preparedness of the captain made it possible to save the maximum number of people - 1036 out of 1066.

Comparison of the Titanic with modern liners: photo

Is it possible to talk about evil fate, remembering the Titanic? The history of the creation and crash of the liner were studied in detail, the facts were revealed, even through time. And yet the truth is only now being revealed. The reason the Titanic is attracting attention is to hide its true motive - to create a currency system and destroy opponents. Doubt? Then read on.

The Titanic is a British steamer of the White Star Line, one of three twin ships of the Olympic class. The largest passenger liner in the world at the time of its construction. On its maiden voyage on April 14, 1912, it collided with an iceberg.

and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes.

There were 1,316 passengers and 892 crew members on board, for a total of 2,208 people. Of these, 704 people survived, more than 1,500 died. The Titanic disaster became legendary and was one of the largest shipwrecks in history. Several feature films have been shot on its plot.

building

It was laid down on March 31, 1909 at the shipyards of the Harland and Wolf shipbuilding company in Queens Island (Belfast, Northern Ireland), launched on May 31, 1911, and passed sea trials on April 2, 1912.

Specifications

height from the keel to the tops of the pipes - 53.3 m;

engine room - 29 boilers, 159 coal furnaces;

The unsinkability of the ship was ensured by 15 watertight bulkheads in the hold, creating 16 conditionally "watertight" compartments; the space between the bottom and the flooring of the second bottom was divided by transverse and longitudinal partitions into 46 watertight compartments.

Bulkheads

Watertight bulkheads, marked from bow to stern with the letters "A" to "P", rose from the second bottom and passed through 4 or 5 decks: the first two and the last five reached deck "D", eight bulkheads in the center of the liner reached only the deck "E". All bulkheads were so strong that they had to withstand significant pressure when getting a hole. The Titanic was built to stay afloat if any two of its 16 watertight compartments, any three of the first five compartments, or all of the first four compartments were flooded.

The first two bulkheads in the bow and the last in the stern were solid, all the rest had sealed doors that allowed the crew and passengers to move between compartments. On the flooring of the second bottom, in the bulkhead "K", there were the only doors that led to the cooling chamber.
On decks "F" and "E" in almost all bulkheads there were airtight doors connecting the rooms used by passengers, all of them could be battened down both remotely and manually, using a device located directly on the door and from the deck to which it reached bulkhead. To batten down such doors on the passenger decks, a special key was required, which was available only to the senior stewards. But on deck "G" there were no doors in the bulkheads.

In the bulkheads "D" - "O", directly above the second bottom in the compartments where the machines and boilers were located, there were 12 vertically closing doors, they were controlled by an electric drive from the navigation bridge.
In case of danger or accident, or when the captain or watch officer deemed it necessary, electromagnets released the latches on a signal from the bridge and all 12 doors fell under their own gravity and the space behind them turned out to be hermetically closed. If the doors were closed by an electric signal from the bridge, then it was possible to open them only after removing the voltage from the electric drive.

In the ceiling of each compartment was a spare hatch, usually leading to the boat deck. Those who did not have time to leave the room before the doors closed could climb its iron ladder.

boats

In formal accordance with the current requirements of the British Merchant Shipping Code, the ship had 20 lifeboats, which were enough to board 1178 people, that is, for 50% of the people on board at that moment and 30% of the planned load. This was taken into account with the expectation of increasing the walking space on the deck of the passengers of the ship.

Decks

On the Titanic there were 8 steel decks located one above the other at a distance of 2.5 - 3.2 m. The uppermost one was a boat deck, under it there were seven others, indicated from top to bottom with letters from "A" to "G". Only decks "C", "D", "E" and "F" stretched along the entire length of the vessel. The boat deck and the "A" deck did not reach either the bow or the stern, and the "G" deck was located only in the front of the liner - from the boiler rooms to the bow and in the aft - from the engine room to the stern cut. On the open boat deck there were 20 lifeboats, along the sides there were promenade decks.

Deck "A" with a length of 150 m was almost entirely intended for first-class passengers. B Deck was interrupted at the bow to form an open space above C Deck, and then continued as a 37-meter bow superstructure with anchor handling equipment and mooring arrangements.

In front of deck "C" there were anchor winches for the two main side anchors, there was also a galley and a dining room for sailors and stokers. Behind the bow superstructure there was a promenade (the so-called inter-superstructure) deck for third-class passengers 15 m long. On deck “D” there was another, isolated, third-class promenade deck.
Along the entire length of deck "E" were the cabins of passengers of the first and second classes, as well as the cabins of the stewards and mechanics. In the first part of deck "F" there were 64 second-class cabins and the main living quarters of third-class passengers, stretching for 45 m and occupying the entire width of the liner.

There were two large salons, a dining room for third-class passengers, ship's laundries, a swimming pool and Turkish baths. Deck "G" captured only the bow and stern, between which the boiler rooms were located.
The forward part of the deck, 58 m long, was 2 m above the waterline, gradually lowered towards the center of the liner and at the opposite end was already at the level of the waterline. There were 26 cabins for 106 third class passengers, the rest of the area was occupied by the luggage compartment for first class passengers, the ship's mail and the ball room.
Behind the bow of the deck there were coal bunkers, which occupied 6 watertight compartments around the chimneys, followed by 2 compartments with steam pipes for reciprocating steam engines and a turbine compartment. This was followed by the aft part of the deck 64 m long with warehouses, pantries and 60 cabins for 186 third-class passengers, which was already below the waterline.

Masts

One was aft, the other was on the forecastle, each was steel with a teak top. On the front, at a height of 29 m from the waterline, there was a mars platform (“crow's nest”), which could be reached by an internal metal ladder.

Service premises

In front of the boat deck there was a navigation bridge, 58 m away from the bow. On the bridge there was a wheelhouse with a steering wheel and a compass, immediately behind it was a room where navigation charts were stored. To the right of the wheelhouse were the navigational cabin, the captain's cabin and part of the officers' cabins, to the left - the rest of the officers' cabins.
Behind them, behind the front funnel, was the cabin of the radiotelegraph and the cabin of the radio operator. In front of deck "D" there were living quarters for 108 stokers, a special spiral ladder connected this deck directly to the boiler rooms, so that the stokers could leave for work and return without passing by the cabins or saloons for passengers.
In front of deck "E" there were living quarters for 72 loaders and 44 sailors. In the first part of the "F" deck there were quarters of 53 stokers of the third shift. Deck G contained quarters for 45 stokers and oilers.

Second bottom

The second bottom was located about one and a half meters above the keel and occupied 9/10 of the ship's length, not capturing only small areas in the bow and stern.

On the second day, boilers, reciprocating steam engines, a steam turbine and electric generators were installed, all firmly fixed on steel plates, the remaining space was used for cargo, coal and drinking water tanks. In the engine room section, the second bottom rose 2.1 m above the keel, which increased the protection of the liner in case of damage to the outer skin.

Power point

The registered power of steam engines and turbines was 50 thousand liters. from. (actually 55 thousand hp). The turbine was located in the fifth watertight compartment in the stern of the liner, in the next compartment, closer to the bow, steam engines were located, the other 6 compartments were occupied by twenty-four double-flow and five single-flow boilers that produced steam for the main machines, turbines, generators and auxiliary mechanisms.
The diameter of each boiler was 4.79 m, the length of the double-flow boiler was 6.08 m, the single-flow boiler was 3.57 m. Each double-flow boiler had 6 fireboxes, and the single-flow boiler had 3.
In addition, the Titanic was equipped with four auxiliary machines with generators, each with a capacity of 400 kilowatts, generating a current of 100 volts. Next to them were two more 30-kilowatt generators.

Pipes

The liner had 4 tubes. The diameter of each was 7.3 m, the height was 18.5 m. The first three removed smoke from the boiler furnaces, the fourth, located above the turbine compartment, served as an exhaust fan, a chimney for ship kitchens was connected to it. A longitudinal section of the vessel is presented on its model exhibited at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, where it is clearly seen that the last pipe was not connected to the fireboxes.
There is an opinion that when designing the vessel, the widespread opinion of the public was taken into account that the solidity and reliability of the vessel directly depends on the number of its pipes.
It also follows from the literature that in the last moments of the ship leaving the water almost vertically, its fake pipe fell off its place and, falling into the water, killed a large number of passengers and crew members in the water.

Electrical supply

10 thousand light bulbs, 562 electric heaters were connected to the distribution network, mainly in first-class cabins, 153 electric motors, including electric drives for eight cranes with a total capacity of 18 tons, 4 cargo winches with a capacity of 750 kg, 4 elevators, each for 12 people, and lots of phones. In addition, electricity was consumed by fans in the boiler and engine rooms, apparatus in the gym, dozens of machines and appliances in the kitchens, including refrigerators.

Connection

The telephone exchange serviced 50 lines. The radio equipment on the liner was the most modern, the power of the main transmitter was 5 kilowatts, the power came from an electric generator. The second, an emergency transmitter, was powered by batteries. 4 antennas were strung between two masts, some up to 75 m high.
The guaranteed range of the radio signal was 250 miles. During the day, under favorable conditions, communication was possible at a distance of up to 400 miles, and at night - up to 2000. The radio equipment came on board on April 2 from the Marconi company, which by that time had monopolized the radio industry in Italy and England.
Two young radio officer officers assembled and installed the station all day, for verification, a test connection was immediately made with the coast station at Malin Head, on the north coast of Ireland, and with Liverpool. On April 3, the radio equipment worked like clockwork, on this day a connection was established with the island of Tenerife at a distance of 2000 miles and with Port Said in Egypt (3000 miles).
In January 1912, the Titanic was assigned radio call signs "MUC", then they were replaced by "MGY", previously owned by the American ship Yale. As the dominant radio company, Marconi introduced its own radio call signs, most of which began with the letter "M", regardless of its location and the country of residence of the vessel on which it was installed.

clash

Recognizing an iceberg in a light haze, the forward looking Fleet warned “there is ice in front of us” and struck the bell three times, which meant an obstacle straight ahead, after which he rushed to the telephone connecting the “crow’s nest” with the bridge.
Moody's sixth mate, who was on the bridge, responded almost immediately and heard a cry of "ice right ahead". With a polite thank you, Moody turned to the officer of the watch, Murdoch, and repeated the warning.
He rushed to the telegraph, put his handle on "stop" and shouted "rudder right", at the same time transmitting the order "full back" to the engine room.

According to the terminology of 1912, "rudder right" meant turning the ship's stern to the right and the bow to the left. The steersman, Robert Hitchens, leaned on the handle of the steering wheel and quickly turned it counterclockwise to the stop, after which Murdoch was told "rudder to the right, sir."
At that moment, Alfred Oliver, the helmsman of the watch, and Boxhall, who was in the chart house, came running to the bridge when the bells rang out in the "crow's nest". Murdoch pulled the lever, which included the closing of watertight doors in the bulkheads of the boiler rooms and the engine room, and immediately gave the order "left rudder!" Lifeboats.

There were 2,208 people on board the Titanic, but the total capacity of the lifeboats was only 1,178 people. The reason was that, according to the rules then in force, the total capacity of lifeboats depended on the tonnage of the ship, and not on the number of passengers and crew members. The rules were drawn up in 1894, when the largest ships had a displacement of about 10,000 tons.

The displacement of the Titanic was 46,328 tons.

But even these boats were only partially filled. Captain Smith gave the order or instruction "women and children first". The officers interpreted this order in different ways.
Second mate Lightoller, who commanded the launching of the boats on the port side, allowed the men to take places in the boats only if rowers were needed and under no other circumstances.
First mate Murdoch, who commanded the launch of the boats on the starboard side, allowed the men to go down if there were no women and children.
So, in boat number 1, only 12 seats out of 40 were occupied. In addition, at first, many passengers did not want to take seats in boats, because the Titanic, which had no external damage, seemed safer to them. The last boats filled better, because it was already obvious to the passengers that the Titanic would sink.
In the very last boat, 44 seats out of 47 were occupied. But in the sixteenth boat that left the side there were many empty seats, passengers of the 1st class were saved in it.

As a result of the analysis of the operation to rescue people from the Titanic, it is concluded that with adequate actions by the team of victims, there would have been at least 553 fewer people.
The reason for the low survival rate of passengers on the ship is the installation given by the captain to save, first of all, women and children, and not all passengers; the interest of the crew in this order of boarding the boats. By preventing male passengers from accessing the boats, the men from the crew got the opportunity to take places in the half-empty boats themselves, covering their interests with the “noble motives” of caring for women and children.
In the event that all passengers, men and women, took their places in the boats, the men from the crew would not get into them and their chances of salvation would be equal to zero, and the crew could not help but understand this.
The men from the crew occupied part of the seats in almost all boats during the evacuation from the ship, on average 10 people from the crew per 1 boat.
24% of the crew were saved, about the same as 3rd class passengers were saved (25%). The team had no reason to consider their duty fulfilled - most of the passengers remained on the ship with no hope of salvation, even the order to save women and children in the first place was not fulfilled (several dozen children, and more than a hundred women never got into the boats).

The report of the British Commission on the results of the investigation into the circumstances of the sinking of the Titanic states that "if the boats had been delayed a little longer before launching, or if the doors of the passage had been opened for passengers, more of them could have got on the boats."
The reason for the low survival rate of class 3 passengers with a high degree of probability can be considered the obstacles placed by the crew for the passage of passengers to the deck, the closing of the passage doors.
Comparison of the results of the evacuation from the Titanic with the results of the evacuation from the Lusitania (1915) shows that the evacuation operation on ships like the Titanic and Lusitania can be organized without a disproportion in the percentage of survivors depending on the sex or class of passengers.

People in boats, as a rule, did not save those who were in the water. On the contrary, they tried to sail as far as possible from the wreck, fearing that those in the water would capsize their boats or be sucked into the funnel from a sinking ship. Only 6 people were picked up alive from the water.

The history of the legendary liner is interesting for three reasons:

it was the largest ship for 1912;
the number of victims turned the catastrophe into a global failure;
finally, James Cameron, with his film, singled out the history of the liner from the general list of maritime disasters, and there were quite a few of them.

We will tell you everything about the Titanic, as it was in reality. About how long the Titanic is in meters, how much the Titanic sank, and who was really behind the massive disaster.

Where did the Titanic sail from and to?

See how the route of the Titanic ran on the map:

Dimensions of the Titanic in meters

To understand more about the Titanic, the causes of the disaster must be disclosed, starting with the dimensions of the ship.

How many meters is the Titanic in length and in other dimensions:

exact length - 299.1 m;

width - 28.19 m;

height from the keel - 53.3 m.

A - deck I class. Its peculiarity is limited in size - it did not lie down the entire length of the vessel;

B - anchors were located in the front of the deck and its dimensions were also shorter - by 37 meters of deck C;

C - deck with a galley, a mess for the crew and a promenade for class III.

D - walking area;

E - cabins I, II classes;

F - cabins II and III classes;

G - deck with boiler rooms in the middle.

Finally, how much does the Titanic weigh? The displacement of the largest ship of the early 20th century is 52,310 tons.

Titanic: the story of the crash

Things from the Titanic: photo

Tickets for the new liner were more expensive than for other ships. If a person was used to traveling in first class, then on the Titanic he would have to transfer to second class.

Titanic: how many people died and survived

Photos of the sinking of the Titanic

The bodies were found within a radius of 80 km from the crash site, and due to the current of the Gulf Stream, many were dispersed even further.

Photos of dead people

Initially, it was known how many passengers were on the Titanic, although not completely:

crew of 900 people;

195 first class;

255 second class;

493 people of the third class.

Some passengers left at intermediate ports, some called. It is believed that the liner went to the fatal route with a staff of 1317 people, of which 124 are children.

Titanic: scuttling depth - 3750 m

The question of how many people escaped from the Titanic was difficult to answer because the rescue operations took place from different ships, and the slow connection did not provide fast data.

How deep is the Titanic

The place where the Titanic sank, on the map:

In which ocean did the Titanic sink? - in the Atlantic.

Titanic lifted from the bottom of the ocean

What does the Titanic look like now?

Even now the interiors of the decks have been destroyed, the cabins and halls have collapsed.

Titanic, Britannic and Olympic

On Sunday, April 14, 1912, the Titanic collided with an iceberg and sank. After the release of the 1997 film, almost all of humanity knew the basic details about this tragedy. But some interesting facts were not mentioned in the film. At the time of construction, the Titanic was the largest of the ships. While most companies built their boats for speed, the owners of the Titanic wanted to build a ship for luxury. Trucks did not yet exist at that time, so it took twenty horses to deliver just one anchor. Over 14,000 people worked on the ship with a 50-hour work week to complete on time. I bring to your attention 13 interesting facts about the Titanic that you might not know.

Dimensions

The Titanic was much smaller than most modern cruise ships. Royal Caribbean International owns the largest ship in the world, the Charm of the Seas. The Charm was built in 2008 and can accommodate up to 6,300 people, while the Titanic only had a capacity of 2,435. Nearly twice the performance of the Allure of the Seas is about twice that of the Titanic, including length, weight, and even the number of crew members. More about