What kind of insulation to insulate a frame house. What insulation is better to use for a frame house

One of the most wonderful options for owning a home is a frame house. This is an excellent and comfortable home and, moreover, quite economical in construction. However, the matter is not limited to construction. It is necessary to make a good finish to warm the house, because comfort will depend on this. Among the main features of a frame house, one can single out the fact that the walls are insulated directly during construction - this is caused, first of all, by its design.

How to insulate a frame house: the choice of materials

Initially, you should decide what material needs to be laid in the form of insulation in the wall cake. For this, there are a variety of materials. Best suited for this activity:

Do-it-yourself warming of a frame house

Basic requirements for insulation for the walls of a frame house

1. Insulation is best chosen from environmentally friendly material so that it does not harm human health.
2. It must be resistant to the accumulation of moisture, as well as to fire.
3. Ease of installation on the frame of the building insulation.
4. The ratio in the insulation of quality and price.
5. Fire safety.
6. Low thermal conductivity.
7. Strength, as well as non-susceptibility to mechanical damage.

Wall insulation technologies

They may be different, but among them the main technologies can be distinguished:

1. Thermal insulation using board materials (foam, mineral wool, and so on).
2. Sprayed thermal insulation. This type of insulation is still quite rarely used due to novelty. However, it is quite effective. In this case, polyurethane foam is used as a heater. The application process is similar to working with the use of mounting foam.
3. Sleep technology. In this case, the insulation is carried out using cellulose fiber, as well as other backfill materials.
4. Combinations may also be used. Such a scheme can often be used: mineral wool is laid inside, foam plastic is outside, and then plaster.

The order of external insulation work

When carrying out work, the exact technology of insulation plays a paramount role. Any factors that can provide a positive final result of warming should be taken into account, including the reasons that can lead to a negative result.

1. Hinged way of warming. In this case, a frame is attached to the wall, and waterproofing directly to the surface. It can be pasted and painted. When painting waterproofing, the walls after the primer are subjected to the application of bitumen. In the pasting option, using bituminous mastic, waterproofing roll material, isol, waterproofing, fiberglass is attached. Then, in the cells of the frame, using special glue, or mounting dowels, tapes or plates of rolled insulation are attached.

   

   At the end of the work, the outer side of the frame is trimmed with decorative plates or panels. As a result, it is possible to perform fiber cement, composite, plastic, metal, porcelain stoneware and so on.

   

   Styrofoam - the cheapest wall insulation

   The main advantage of hinged insulation is a ventilation system that eliminates the appearance and accumulation of condensate in the insulation layer.

2. Wet insulation method. This method belongs to cheap, but at the same time, to rather laborious methods. With the help of polymer glue, insulation plates are attached to the wall, after which the reinforcing mesh is fastened with dowels, and then decorative plaster is laid on it. This coating is also called "light" plaster.
3. There is also a "heavy" plaster. It will be more difficult, but in terms of its reliability and durability it will surpass the “easy” one. It is performed as follows - insulation boards are attached to the wall using dowels, after which, using blocking plates, a reinforcing mesh is fixed.

   

   Insulation of the house with fiberboard slabs

   Then comes the first layer of plaster. During the day it dries, and deformation seams are made. Next comes the second, as well as the leveling layer, in which there must be temperature-shrinkage seams. The last decorative, where dyes are added, is applied five days later.

4. Spraying liquid insulation. This method is the most progressive and modern. Polyurethane foam spraying is carried out using a special installation. The peculiarity is that the performance of such insulation is an order of magnitude higher, and the cost is equal to average heaters. After polyurethane foam, almost any coating can be used as decoration, including curtain panels.



The insulation is applied by spraying

5. Facing method. This option is one of the most expensive, however, and the most decorative. Facing materials can be performed on the wall of the building, as well as on top of the insulation. With the second method, the quality of insulation will be much better, however, it is necessary to perform high-quality ventilation.

• when performing work, it is important to strictly observe the insulation scheme.
• in multilayer systems, you need to make sure that there is sufficient ventilation so that the inner insulation layer does not become damp and, accordingly, does not collapse.

Internal insulation of the walls of a frame house

Sometimes there are situations when it is unacceptable. In this case, it is necessary to use internal thermal insulation. For this work, the same materials can be used as outside, however, mineral wool and glass wool, due to the complexity of installation, are rarely used. In most cases, extruded polystyrene foam is used, as well as sprayed materials: ecowool, polyurethane, penoizol.

Installation of a vapor barrier layer

Sheathing of the inner surface of the walls is produced in various ways. You can perform insulation with reinforced plaster, then puttying and finally wallpapering or painting.

Insulation of a frame house from the inside

You can also use lining panels, MDF and plastic. The most common option is upholstery with drywall sheets, after which a decorative coating is applied.

Materials such as penoizol and polyurethane foam are also used. Penoizol can be applied to surfaces of various configurations, it is able to fill all the bumps and defects. It is environmentally friendly and resistant to fire, but the main difficulty in applying it is that a special foam filling machine is needed.

Read about the features in the next article.

Insulation for the walls of a frame house is selected depending on the structure of the walls, the frame material and its thickness. These three indicators are necessary for high-quality thermal insulation.

Today we will talk about how to insulate walls in a frame house and what is better to use for this. Also in the video in this article you can see different finishes and choose the right option from the photo.

Types of frame houses

Insulation will be selected depending on the material of the frame house. Therefore, before making a decision and such a construction, you should choose the right material for manufacturing.

There are several options for such buildings:

Rules for warming frame houses

Insulation for frame walls is determined from the building itself. There are two options here, and how to insulate the walls of a frame house is determined precisely by them.

Let's look at these two options:

Thermal insulation of the walls of the frame house from the inside	Only lightweight materials are suitable for this. The method itself is not effective enough, but if you have a small foundation, then it will do.
Thermal insulation for the walls of a frame house outside	This method is the most efficient. It is possible to use almost any insulation (if the width of the foundation allows). You do not take away the usable area, so you do not have to save on the thickness of the material.

Attention: How to insulate the walls of a frame house should not forget about the parameters of insulation. Their thickness affects not only thermal insulation, but also requires additional space. In the photo below you can see the necessary parameters.

Choosing the material of thermal insulation

In principle, all work can be done by hand. Instructions for performing insulation work are available for all types of material on our website.

Now we will choose the right heater. First of all, we make a thermotechnical calculation of the frame wall with the materials used. The structure of the insulation and its thermal conductivity are important here. In the photo you can see these indicators.

Now let's look at which insulation is best for the walls of a frame house, depending on the type of material.

Feature of stone wool slab

The most common and in demand among developers are the products of companies such as TechnoNIKOL and Rokwool. When choosing a warming material for the purpose of finishing a house, stone wool slabs are most often used.

Due to the great popularity of their use, several points can be noted that explain this:

• For their use and application, no additional devices are required at all. During installation, you will need a regular knife and a hacksaw with fine teeth;
• At the initial stage of insulating the frame of the house, a large amount of insulating material will be required, and in this case, you can certainly use paid delivery services. Usually, rarely anyone can accurately calculate the right amount of material, but you can always buy the right amount of material and deliver it yourself or order delivery. And if the structure is small, then you will undoubtedly bring all the materials that are needed on your own;
• When working with this type of material, you must always know that stone wool slabs must tightly fill the gaps between the racks of frame houses, while remembering that it is completely forbidden to compress and tamp them!
• Further, the insulation materials laid in the place between the racks must be fenced off from moisture, which comes both from the outside and from the outside, and this can be done using a waterproofing film from the outside and a vapor barrier shell inside. It is important to take into account the prices of these films when calculating the total cost of insulation work with such plates.

Ecowool

Material such as cellulose fibers, in other words, "ecowool", has also become in great demand for insulation. This product is completely natural and does not require additional use of films, which will help you make your home as environmentally friendly as possible.

We will also consider a few points that characterize this material: Ecowool is attached quite simply and this makes it stand out in comparison with other materials.

• In order to insulate the walls in a dry way, you will need to open what the package contains and beat. Further, the already whipped material is ready for use, which means you can tamp it into the walls to obtain the desired density. You can also use a special machine and blow the material, which will create the desired density;
• This material has inherent shrinkage, which means that the dry method of laying will not always give you exactly the results that you want. After shrinkage of the fiber, heat loss occurs, which is a big disadvantage. But it should be noted that when purchasing ecowool, a guarantee is always given for 15-20 years that this material will not shrink;
• The wet method implies that it is necessary to use certain equipment, thanks to which the fiber is sprayed onto the walls, thereby gluing it to the frame. In this case, fiber shrinkage does not occur. This method of insulation should be applied outside the walls before they are sheathed, but this is not always possible, and this is a minus.

Styrofoam

Looking for information on the forums, you will notice that there is a lot of discussion about the pros and cons of foam as an insulating material (see How to properly insulate a wall with foam tiles). Some believe that this material is not environmentally friendly, when ignited, it releases hazardous substances into the air, and the possibility of the appearance of rodents is not ruled out.

But first things first:

• There are also cases when people insulated their house with polystyrene foam (see How to insulate walls with polystyrene foam) and having lived in it for about 5 years were more than satisfied with the quality of the material they chose. Having chosen this material, they did not find any difficulties with well-being, and also noted the absence of rodents.
• However, there are episodes when the developer changed the foam plastic completely a year later due to its destruction by rodents. This material should not be written off, because, like all heaters, it has its pros and cons.
• The value of this material is that it does not absorb moisture at all, which means that additional methods of protection will not be needed. It is important when choosing foam to take not pressed. This method of insulation is the cheapest in comparison with the rest.
• But he needs the most precision and skill. The specifics of this insulation were mentioned in the article "The step of the racks in a frame house."

Attention: Rodents start in the foam, so it is better not to use it for a private house.

Sprayed heaters

This type of home insulation is not yet widespread enough, and polyurethane foam is one of the most famous materials. Polyurethane foam - these are two special liquid elements, when mixed in all proportions and exposed to air under pressure, they foam.

When using this material, they fill all the spaces between the racks, and when an excess appears, they are cut off. Working with such a heater is a bit similar to working with mounting foam (see Liquid thermal insulation for walls: features of use).

This material has its advantages.

Let's consider each of them:

• Polyurethane foam is able to interact with absolutely all surfaces that are used in the construction of houses. This material has a special quality that allows it to take various forms, thereby simplifying the application. It is also important that it is not necessary to treat the surface before using the material;
• The insulation material itself is created directly on site. Transportation costs are also reduced, and material consumption is minimal;
• Due to its structure, polyurethane foam is light and airy, which means that they can easily insulate roofs;
• By creating coatings with this material, not only wall insulation is created, but their strength also increases;
• This material is able to withstand high temperatures, which makes it completely versatile;
• The use of polyurethane foam provides a single design of insulation without any joints and seams.

It should also be noted all the disadvantages of this insulation material.

There are only two downsides:

• It wears out quickly if it is constantly exposed to ultraviolet radiation. For the normal functioning of this insulation system, it is necessary to create high-quality protection. Such protection can serve as plaster or paint, which can protect the material from the sun, as well as make the appearance of the insulation more attractive;
• It has already been noted in the text that this material for insulation is practically non-combustible, but it begins to smolder when exposed to high temperatures. This process is not at all difficult to stop, because for this you only need to cool the material. But in places of strong heating of polyurethane foam, it is better to replace the insulation material with another one.

Differences in the insulation of a frame house according to materials

Basically, insulation is done when installing the frame. Let's look at how to make a frame for wall insulation in different versions.

Warming of wooden frame houses

The main feature of such houses is that the corners between the logs form cracks that allow wind and frost to enter the house. It is important, upon the arrival of winter, to correctly and qualitatively check the walls on your own from the inside to identify blowing.

Attention: When making a frame for insulation, it is necessary to take into account the air gap. After all, ventilation is required here. Otherwise, the material of the walls will quickly become unusable.

• First you need to find all the places that the wind blows. You also need to find areas of the house that get wet. All found areas must be examined for the presence of crevices and cracks.
• Further, all crevices and cracks found must be properly caulked or filled with foam. If necessary, you can clean the inside of the house from the finish.
• It is much more difficult to insulate the ceiling, because it is not always possible to find all the places where heat loss occurs. To eliminate such problems, a variety of sawdust, mineral or ecowool is usually used. The use of loose insulation is simple and for this you only need to crush them yourself.

Attention: It is important to note that the insulation layer must be no more than 15 cm! Most experts in this field do not recommend covering insulated surfaces with roofing material and other similar products.

Such insulation materials are best placed from below. When insulating walls, laps should be made in the corners, along the edges, creating the best insulation. When insulating the walls, the laps are caulked on each side.

Features of insulation of metal frames

The instructions for insulating the wall of a metal frame house are quite simple. Indeed, in this option, you yourself choose the insulation that is placed inside the wall, and here it is important to take everything into account at the initial stage of installation.

• First of all, we look at what the heating system will be, about which we calculate the thickness of the insulation;
• We also pay attention to the foundation of the structure. After all, it should be more than the material of the entire finish;
• We also take into account the ventilation gap, because condensate should not accumulate and the channel itself cannot be less than two cm.

Feature insulation of frame-panel houses

There are a number of types of frame panel houses:

What do we pay attention to when insulating?

Consider the features of insulation:

• For proper insulation, it is necessary that the thickness of the walls of the structure be accurately calculated, in compliance with all orders and parameters. When insulating such a house, it is necessary to lay insulating materials directly into the wall;
• To start the insulation of such a building as a frame-panel house, you need to carefully process each joint with foam or mastic. To improve the insulation of the walls, as well as to make the house durable and reliable during cold periods, the installation of airtight membranes will help;
• Before starting the insulation of a frame-panel house, it is necessary to install horizontal profiles, which are fixed with dowels. Further, the walls on each side are sheathed with clapboard. At the same time, it should be noted that the lining must be dry inside, and wet - directly from the outside. Insulation should be laid inside each side;
• In such houses, insulation is necessary for both the walls and the floor. Often, penoizol is used to insulate floors;
• After all the work on the insulation of such a house, each wall should be sheathed with siding or a panel for the facade. The easiest method of insulation is considered to be filling all the gaps between the shields with insulation material. On top of all this, it is necessary to apply mastic, which will protect the insulation from moisture and ultraviolet radiation.

The technology for insulating metal frame walls is somewhat different; here it is quite possible to fasten with simple glue. And the rest of the instructions for choosing the material and installation rules are the same as in other buildings. If you think about everything and do it using only high-quality materials, then the energy saving of the premises will be on top.

Insulation is a necessary component of any residential building. A large temperature difference is the main reason why you need to choose this material very carefully. The comfort of living in the house will depend on the right decision, especially in the coldest and hottest seasons. To make the best choice will help information about the characteristics of popular methods of thermal decoration of the house.

Insulation for the walls of a frame house - what functions does it perform

Almost half of the heat supplied by the heating system is lost due to poor quality wall cladding. In order to make it warmer in winter, we simply turn on the boiler harder, and the temperature becomes comfortable again. A caring and practical owner will definitely think about good thermal insulation.

The benefits it provides:

• saving gas fuel used to heat water in the heating system;
• effective sound insulation;
• no need for air conditioning in the summer;
• constant comfortable temperature;
• increase the service life of the frame and the "stuffing" of walls, roofs and floors.

It's hard to believe, but it is the insulation for the frame house that gives all this. The heat will not go outside the room, which means the heating boiler will operate at minimum power. You will save on fuel. Walls with a dense filler will delay the noise coming from the side of the road and the street, even if the house is located near the highway, it will be quiet and calm in it. In summer, the heat will not pass in the dwelling - you can do without air conditioning. With an optimal microclimate inside the wall, the filler and load-bearing components will be protected from premature destruction.

The best insulation for a frame house - types, properties, characteristics

Before going to the building materials store, analyze such components as:

• what state is it in;
• terrain characteristics, climatic conditions;
• your experience in construction work - if you decide to insulate your home yourself;
• the budget that can be allocated to purchase the necessary materials.

The specificity of the structure of the frame house is that it is completely made of wood. On the one hand, such a cottage is quickly built and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, the wooden base is not able to retain heat. The entire load falls on the heater. The better to insulate a frame house and what you should pay attention to when choosing a material:

• Heat-preserving properties. The material must have low thermal conductivity. The smaller its coefficient, the smaller the thickness will be the width of the insulation sheet. For a frame structure, the optimal value is in the range from 10 to 15 cm. This is suitable for the middle band. The further north, the greater the thickness, and vice versa.
• Weight. The frame house is not able to withstand heavy weight loads, so you should not choose heavy materials for its sheathing and insulation. Lightweight items are easier to install.
• Vapor permeability. The life of a wooden structure will be significantly extended if you choose a heater that allows air to pass through. The walls of the frame are usually sheathed with sheet materials that "breathe" well. Properly selected filler will provide good infiltration and a normal indoor climate. If excess moisture comes out of the house, then its level will always be normal. You do not need to additionally ventilate the rooms.
• Environmental friendliness. Living in a house will be safe if you use environmentally friendly materials for its construction. The health of the residents will depend on what kind of insulation is inside the wall.
• Hygroscopicity. Regardless of the method of exterior decoration of the building, its "stuffing" will be exposed to moisture contained in the atmosphere. The direct culprits are rain and snow. Choose waterproof materials or those that will not change their characteristics due to water on them. Actual for areas where atmospheric humidity is high.
• Strength. Insulation for the frame structure must retain its original shape and dimensions. If shrinkage is minimal, then cold will not get inside the room. During installation, the dimensions of the insulation boards are calculated so that they fit together as tightly as possible.
• Price. This figure depends on your budget. How to insulate a frame house if the amount of funds is limited? The main rule - do not take the cheapest. This will lead to loss of money in the future.

Look at the characteristics of the most popular heaters and choose what works best for your application.

Basalt mat or mineral wool

Basalt is composed of minerals of volcanic origin. First, they are melted, then ultra-thin threads are obtained, which are glued together with phenol-formaldehyde resin. Slabs or mats are formed from the resulting mass.

What is interesting about basalt:

• has very low thermal conductivity. This indicator provides the air between the fibers;
• due to the resin contained in it, it does not absorb water;
• open structure does not interfere with normal air infiltration;
• the mineral from which the cotton wool is made burns only when a temperature of 1000 degrees is reached;
• absorbs air and impact noise;
• has antiseptic and chemically resistant properties, is not subject to biocorrosion, mold or fungus will never start here;
• very strong in compression, retains its geometry throughout the entire period of use, does not fall off inside the wall and does not shrink;
• environmentally safe.

Minus mineral wool in its high cost. Among the options for warming the frame of the house, it is considered one of the best materials.

Styrofoam - inexpensive and convenient

It is obtained by foaming polystyrene with steam and under high temperature. Styrofoam consists of thin-walled polymer granules, which are filled with atmospheric gas inside. In construction, it is used in the form of slabs of various configurations and sizes. Advantages:

• Since this insulation is 98% air, its thermal conductivity is lower than that of basalt wool. For, located in the middle lane, several layers with a total thickness of 10 cm are enough. Choose foam with a density of 34 kg/m3.
• The closed cell structure inside the foam does not allow moisture to pass inside. The total water index will never exceed 4%. During construction work, the material does not need to be covered with films from the outside - it will not warp or become damp if it rains.
• The material does not deform inside the wall, despite the fact that it is quite fragile for fracture.
• Blocks out noise.
• Mildew resistant.
• It is inexpensive. If you are looking for a budget option with good performance, then it is best to insulate with foam.

The heat-insulating layer of foam plastic withstands freezing and thawing in unlimited quantities. This does not affect its condition in any way, because water, which usually destroys the structure during crystallization, is almost absent here.

Styrofoam does not conduct air. Its vapor permeability coefficient is comparable to monolithic concrete. In order for the walls of the frame to breathe and release moisture from the wooden beams, they do not need to be tightly covered with slabs. In a house with foam insulation, it is necessary to arrange a good ventilation system.

The disadvantage is destructibility under the influence of sunlight, a high level of flammability. This can be dealt with by treating the plates with protective compounds.

Polyurethane - a new word in the field of wall insulation

Building technology does not stand still. A new method of insulation has appeared - with the help of polyurethane foam. It is obtained in the process of a chemical reaction of the components that are interconnected using a special installation, right before application. PPU is applied by experienced specialists; during operation, a special spraying unit equipped with a compressor is used.

Positive traits:

• To date, PPU is the leader in low thermal conductivity. During application, it can be adjusted.
• Compared to foam, the material is able to absorb only 2% of moisture from its volume. To enhance the water-repellent properties, castor oil is added to the composition.
• Does not burn thanks to special additives.
• Doesn't let noise through.
• It has a high level of strength at a density above 35 kg/m3. On top of the PPU, it is enough just to process it with plaster, because. shrinkage factor is zero. When applied, the foam first expands, fills the space and hardens. Ideally keeps geometry for all time of operation.
• Ecologicaly clean.

The disadvantages of the latest material include low vapor permeability. The foam applied to the frame walls completely blocks the air circulation with the street. The frame should not be foamed tightly - the moisture inside the tree should evaporate. If you completely cover everything with foam, then the water will be locked inside the material. This will lead to premature destruction of the building. Before working with polyurethane foam, all wooden components must be well dried.

Which insulation option is right for you? Weigh all the pros and cons, visit hardware stores, look at how the materials look, compare prices. Take your time, study the characteristics again, this will help you make the right decision.

Over the past half century, frame housing construction has spread and become a common technology in Western Europe and America. Such a rapid (on a historical scale) success was achieved by the technology due to the properties of buildings - economy in construction and practicality in operation.

World frame construction has not gone unnoticed in the Russian expanses. An increasing number of owners of suburban areas are choosing a frame option for construction. The choice of thermal insulation material is critical for such a building. A well-chosen insulation for the walls of a frame house will allow you to get comfortable and warm housing without going beyond the budget. In our article we will tell you which insulation is best for a frame house, and which one should not be used.

Work on external insulation of the wall of a frame house Source iobogrev.ru

Varieties of frame houses and the principle of their insulation

Houses that fall under the definition of frame houses are built using several similar technologies that do not have fundamental differences. In addition to the traditional fachwerk and high-tech frame-panel technology (which includes buildings using German and SIP panels), other methods are actively used. The most popular frame options include the following varieties:

Frame-panel houses. They are often referred to as shield houses, Canadian houses, or Finnish houses. In factory conditions, panels (shields) of a given size are manufactured. This preparation saves time on the construction site. Shields are quickly fixed on the frame, and then insulated.

Frame-rack houses. The space between the racks is distributed with insulation for the walls of the frame house, the crate is stuffed on top. Then wind and waterproofing is arranged, the walls are sewn up, internal and external decorative finishing is carried out.

One of the technologies for insulating the roof of a frame house Source iobogrev.ru

Which insulation is better for the walls of a frame house in each individual case is thought out at the planning stage, and the issue must be approached competently; a house in which not only the walls are insulated, but also the roof and foundation will be truly warm. It should be borne in mind that different surfaces will require heat-insulating materials with different properties.

The best way to insulate the frame is to use cross technology, when the wall is formed by two frames - the main one (power, acting as a supporting structure) with vertical posts, and the cross (external), with horizontal ones. With such an organization of the walls, the probability of the formation of cold bridges (in case of shrinkage) becomes vanishingly small, and the energy efficiency of the building increases significantly. Work on the insulation of a frame house is carried out in the following order:

External insulation. It is carried out only under favorable weather conditions. Work will have to be postponed if it rains or snows.

Internal insulation. It is carried out using the cross method. Its disadvantages are the displacement of the dew point inside the room (with errors in the construction of the wall) and the reduction of precious living space.

Thermal insulation of floors, ceilings, windows and doors.

Double cross frame; the main circuit is not insulated source seattlehelpers.org

Insulation for a frame house: selection criteria

Having set out to choose the best option for insulation, you should decide on the selection criteria, as well as familiarize yourself with the offers available on the market. After comparing these two categories, you can determine which insulation is best for a frame house. The thermal insulation of the walls of the frame is selected according to the following parameters:

Life time. The operating time of the structure and insulation must match.

Thermal conductivity. The lower that indicator (expressed in terms of the coefficient of thermal conductivity), the more reliably the building saves heat. The thermal conductivity coefficient is used to calculate the necessary and sufficient thickness of thermal insulation; the value of the coefficient is specified by the manufacturer.

Water absorption. The lower the better, since a wet (moisture-absorbed) insulation can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the walls. With the thermal efficiency of housing, in the walls of which there is a damp insulation, you can say goodbye.

Classic frame pie Source palacestroy.ru

Shrinkage. A frequent problem of frame dwellings, assembled with their own hands. Some types of insulation are subject to sealing, which is sometimes forgotten to be taken into account when choosing and installing. As a result of subsidence of the material, cold bridges appear and heating costs increase.

fire safety. Building materials are divided into groups according to combustibility (the ability to resist flame). For the insulation of frame houses, materials of the NG group (non-combustible) are often chosen.

Environmental friendliness. Since the insulation occupies the bulk of the walls and surrounds the inhabitants of the house from all sides, the question of its harmlessness concerns any adequate owner. The main problem is that not all materials can boast of naturalness, and the best technical indicators belong to synthetics. But even here everything is not so bad: certified products do not have a dangerous effect on the health of the inhabitants of the house.

bioneutrality. Insulation for a frame house should not become a haven for rodents, insects, mold fungi and microorganisms.

Insulation of the inner surface with rolled material Source obustroeno.com

Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of each insulation, when choosing, they take into account not only the price, but also additional criteria:

The climate of the region. Weather conditions (winter temperatures, duration of autumn rains) at the site of construction of a country house affect the choice of not only the thermal conductivity coefficient, but also the size of the insulation for the frame house.

Location of the heater. For different surfaces use a material with different densities. For thermal insulation of the floor, a denser (and, accordingly, more durable) insulation is chosen. This parameter can be ignored when insulating walls and roofs, where the use of a denser (and more expensive) material will only increase the cost of construction.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer home insulation services. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Heaters: varieties and characteristics

Before choosing a heater for a frame house, you should familiarize yourself with its varieties. The materials used in construction are usually classified according to the method of application:

zasypnye. Backfill method - insulation with ecowool, expanded clay, foam glass or sawdust.

sprayed. "Wet" technology is suitable for ecowool and polyurethane foam.

Plate (roll). The thermal insulation layer is fixed between the posts or in the ceilings of the frame structure.

Proper floor insulation in a frame house is a guarantee of comfort Source strojdvor.ru

Also, heaters are divided into two large groups by origin:

natural. This includes materials of natural origin that have long been used in construction: moss, sawdust, peat, straw. They are available, cheap and environmentally friendly. The main disadvantages of natural insulators are flammability and high hygroscopicity, leading to the appearance of mold fungi. Do not discount insects and rodents, which also highly value naturalness and environmental friendliness.

Synthetic. Materials that have appeared thanks to progress and human ingenuity. They are often non-combustible, easy to transport and use, and biologically stable. And, although synthetics are not without drawbacks (they are more expensive, and they emit dangerous toxic compounds during combustion), they are valued in construction for their convenience and valuable properties.

Synthetic insulation for frame walls is conventionally divided into soft and hard. Soft insulation is sewn up with sheathing on both sides; then you can equip steam and waterproofing, then decorative cladding.

Scheme of floor insulation with synthetic material Source patter.ru

Mineral wool materials

Mineral wool is the common name for a universal and professional group of thermal insulation materials, the use of which in insulation reaches 70%. This distribution of mineral wool is due to its advantages: low weight, incombustibility, heat efficiency and sufficient vapor permeability. The basis of the material are fibers obtained from the melt of the feedstock; cotton wool is produced in the form of mats and rolls.

One of the quality indicators of mineral wool is the acidity module. The higher this value, the more waterproof and durable the wool is. Also, the quality of cotton wool is affected by the binder - a component that holds the fibers together. Binders of several types are used in production:

Based bitumen.

Based bentonite clays.

Synthetic. Based on phenol alcohol, phenol-formaldehyde or carbamide resin

Composite(most common). The composition includes synthetic resins (up to 2% by weight) and additives with hydrophobic (water-repellent) properties.

Video description

About mineral wool in the following video:

There are several varieties of this fibrous material in structure, differing in the method of preparation and properties:

stone wool. The raw materials are rocks (basalite, diarite, porphyrite), but more often basalt. In construction, the second name has taken root - basalt wool, although it is this variety that is more often used for thermal insulation of industrial equipment and pipelines. Stone wool is a durable, non-flammable and environmentally friendly material with a high heat retention capacity. The low shrinkage of this board material during operation prevents the formation of cold bridges.

glass wool. It is made from glass melt, produced in slabs and rolls, has characteristics similar to mineral wool. Glass wool has increased strength, elasticity and vibration resistance. However, glass wool fibers are brittle and fragments are a health hazard. Working with the material requires the use of a respirator and overalls, as well as installation using a special technology. Glass wool is cheaper than mineral wool, but its service life is shorter.

Glass wool requires careful handling Source pinterest.fr

slag wool. The raw material is a melt of blast-furnace slag. This type of filler is similar in properties to glass wool; it is recommended to use it only for dry rooms. The main advantage of slag wool is its low cost.

Cotton wool insulates walls, ceilings and roofs; the thickness of the layer in a year-round country house should be 200-250 mm. The peculiarity of cotton wool - hygroscopicity is neutralized by the use of vapor and waterproofing membranes. The density and thickness of the material affects not only the cost, weight and resistance to stress, but also the way it is used:

Roll web(often laminated, foil-coated). Effective heat retaining material. It is used for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces, has a density of 35 kg / m 3.

Plates. Material with a density of 75 kg / m 3 is used for floor insulation, ceiling and interior partitions, with a density of 125 kg / m 3 - for facade insulation. More rigid slabs (200 kg / m 3) are used for interfloor ceilings, roofing and floors under a screed.

Roofing cake element - foil-coated mineral wool Source pinterest.cl

Ecowool

Cellulose wool (known to the general public as ecowool) is an example of an environmentally friendly product. It consists of 80% newspaper waste and cardboard and paper industry waste, and 20% of additives that perform a flame-extinguishing function (boric acid and sodium tetraborate). It looks like a loose material of various shades of gray.

Ecowool has proven itself well as sound and heat insulation; it insulates all parts of the frame structure. The disadvantages of ecowool are its high cost and the use of special equipment during installation. Insulation of the frame structure with ecowool is carried out in one of four ways:

Dry backfill. Manual labor-intensive method, limited in application. Suitable for insulation and soundproofing of small interfloor floors, the floor of the first floor, attic floor.

dry blow. The most preferred (fast and high-quality) method, suitable for isolating any cavities. It is carried out with the help of blowing equipment.

Video description

About the insulation of ecowool on the second floor of a frame house in the following video:

Wet glue method. It is used if it is necessary to insulate a large surface area or if the project does not provide for cladding. In this case, water is added to the ecowool if the untreated tree is to be protected; or PVA glue, which increases the adhesive (adhesive) ability of the mixture. It can also be applied using a blow molding machine.

Liquid plaster (liquid wallpaper). A variation of the wet method, applied by troweling. If the layer will serve not only as a heater, but also as a lining, it is possible to add dyes.

Penoizol

Urea-formaldehyde foam, better known under the brand name Penoizol (aka Mettemplast or Poroplast), is a universal heat insulator with low density and thermal conductivity. It is produced and poured in the form of foam; after hardening, penoizol resembles foam plastic with its white fine-meshed structure.

Penoizol has an impressive service life (up to 80 years); The composition of the material is based on nitrogen, therefore it is classified as a low-combustible substance. For thermal insulation, not only foam is used, but also a slab version, as well as crumb (thermowool), which allows you to create a seamless layer with excellent insulating and soundproofing qualities.

Insulation of the ceiling with penoizol Source barberosalon.ru

Polyurethane foam (PPU)

There is a large group of polyurethane foam, with different properties and a variety of applications, from the filler of car seats and toys, to bumpers and shoe elements. In construction, polyurethane foam is used in the form of finished sheets or self-foaming composition for pouring with a density of 5-40 kg/m 3 .

PPU is considered a universal material that allows you to effectively insulate a house from the basement to the roof. It is cheap, has low thermal conductivity and excellent adhesion, which allows it to be applied (sprayed) on any quality surface, from brick and metal to wood and roofing material. Solid varieties of polyurethane foam are produced in a slab way. Unlike soft insulation, they serve as the basis for waterproofing and facade cladding.

Styrofoam

White material with a fine mesh structure, fragile and short-lived. Despite this, it is considered a proven and convenient sound and heat insulating material due to its availability, low weight (15-35 kg / m 3) and ease of installation (using glue). It is beneficial to use polystyrene for external insulation - it does not need additional vapor and waterproofing.

Elastic and resilient polyurethane foam is easy to use Source zemkadastr45.ru

The foam used in construction (and for packaging) is not toxic, but when burned, it releases extremely harmful chemical compounds, knowledge of this feature makes many customers choose another insulation.

Video description

We will dwell in more detail on the insulation of the house with foam plastic. Find out how safe polystyrene foam is in our video:

Expanded polystyrene (penoplex)

Expanded polystyrene is a popular heat-insulating material due to its long service life, low cost and excellent sound and heat-saving properties. The material demonstrates high hydrophobicity (absorbency is not more than 3% by weight), compressive and bending strength, fire resistance and non-toxicity.

Penoplex plates are attached to the frame racks with glue. Experts advise protecting the material from solar ultraviolet radiation.

Expanded clay

The material is the most common and proven bulk type insulation; it is used in the thermal insulation of floors, interfloor ceilings and walls. The basis of expanded clay are refractory clays, which are subjected to heat treatment during the production process. The result is granules, crushed stone or sand with a characteristic porous structure and with attractive parameters, which include good thermal insulation and low weight, environmental friendliness, chemical inertness and vapor permeability.

Various fractions of expanded clay Source stroyfora.ru

Expanded clay is not combustible, does not lose its thermal insulation properties with temperature fluctuations. The only drawback of expanded clay is that its heat-shielding performance is inferior to synthetic materials.

Foam glass

In the form of granules, not only expanded clay is produced, but also foam glass - a material with a higher level of thermal protection. For its manufacture, sand and glass cullet are used, which automatically turns the material into the safest and purest product. Granulated foam glass is indifferent to bio- and chemical agents, moisture-resistant, and its only (and tangible) drawback can be considered high cost.

Video description

About the insulation of the American frame house in the following video:

The importance of high-quality vapor barrier and wind protection of heaters

In order for mineral wool heaters to do their job perfectly, they need well-arranged steam, hydro and wind insulation:

vapor barrier. Serves as a barrier to moisture coming from the room. In the absence of such a protective layer, mineral wool absorbs moisture, and its ability to retain heat drops sharply.

Hydro wind protection. Both a windbreaker worn over a sweater and a protective membrane on the outside of the wall help to retain heat. Such a protective material has a complex multi-layer device - it not only retains heat, but also allows water vapor to pass out, while simultaneously preventing atmospheric moisture from penetrating inside.

Modern protective membranes are able to isolate the insulation (and, therefore, the wall structure) as much as possible, which cannot be said about the plastic film, which economical (or not familiar with physics) builders strive to use. Polyethylene will inevitably create the effect of a thermos inside the wall without the possibility of ventilation, which leads to damage to the insulation layer throughout the walls.

Wind protection of a frame house is a mandatory component of construction source seattlehelpers.org

Conclusion

The final decision on the best way to insulate a frame house remains with the owner of the future housing. So that the wrong choice of material and technology does not lead to disappointment in the frame house, you should carefully consider the features of heaters. Properly selected heat-insulating material and its installation, carried out taking into account technological requirements, will make the house truly warm and energy efficient.

Insulation of a frame house is the most important stage in the construction of a frame house. Given the fact that the frame house is energy efficient, then the choice of the type of insulation should be taken responsibly.

The choice of heaters is quite wide. Frame houses are insulated with foam, mineral wool, ecowool, polyurethane foam, extruded polystyrene foam. Consider each heater separately.

Overview of insulation materials

One of the cheapest insulation is foam. It is lightweight and easy to install. And, of course, it has a low cost. Styrofoam does not absorb moisture. The advantages of polystyrene, perhaps, end there.

Styrofoam is a combustible material, emitting toxic smoke when burned. In work, although the foam is convenient, it is fragile in structure, so you need to handle it carefully. And when buying foam, you need to make sure that there are no cracks on it.

Mineral wool for warming a frame house

Mineral wool, produced in the form of slabs or rolls, has been very popular lately. It should be noted that basalt wool in slabs is in great demand than in rolls.

Mineral wool has good thermal insulation properties. I don't get angry. But cotton wool contains formaldehyde, which is harmful to human health. Mineral wool fibers, like fiberglass, are carcinogenic.

For this reason, when insulating internal walls with this insulation, it is necessary to use vapor barrier membranes (in addition to the main purpose), so that small grains of mineral wool do not scatter around the room.

When laying mineral wool, it is imperative to use additional products to protect the face and other exposed parts of the body. On top of mineral wool, you can attach not only a vapor barrier film, but simple polyethylene. The seams are sealed with tape.

A significant disadvantage of cotton wool insulation is the fear of moisture. When the insulation is moistened by 2-3%, its heat-insulating properties decrease by 50%. Therefore, it is essential to use a vapor barrier. As a rule, after 25-30 years, mineral wool needs to be replaced.

Styrofoam for home insulation

Extruded polystyrene foam is superior to mineral wool in terms of thermal insulation, and also has a high water repellency, and lower weight. combustible Compared to Styrofoam, Styrofoam is more durable and resistant to chemicals. It does not need to be replaced during operation.

Polyurethane foam is a modern insulation that has appeared relatively recently. Possesses high heat-insulating characteristics. Not hot. It does not contain substances harmful to humans. When spraying with polyurethane foam, the thickness of the sprayed layer can be varied.

Ecowool

Ecowool is a combination of excellent thermal insulation properties and safety. Ecowool consists of 81 cellulose, 12% antiseptic (boric acid) and 7% flame retardant (borax). The raw material for the production of ecowool is waste paper, which is a product of wood processing. Therefore, ecowool is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful and hazardous substances.

It is not afraid of moisture, does not rot, prevents the spread of fire, the development of fungus, has excellent soundproofing performance. If we talk about the quality of insulation, then only blowing ecowool and spraying with polyurethane foam can create a seamless layer of insulation that will not have voids, cracks, "cold bridges", which cannot be said about plate types of insulation.

Ecowool surpasses mineral wool in its properties and is very similar to polyurethane foam, but at the same time it is cheaper than mineral wool and much cheaper than polyurethane foam. In comparison with polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene, ecowool also wins in all positions.

Of course, it will not work to lay (fluff) ecowool without equipment with your own hands, and you will have to turn to the installation team for help.

But on the other hand, ecowool insulation will be performed efficiently and reliably. The cost of these services is low, while saving time. In a few hours, you can blow out a large volume.

If we talk about heat-insulating properties, then the most effective heaters will be ecowool and polyurethane foam, followed by polystyrene foam, mineral wool and polystyrene foam.

Photo of frame house insulation