What are the styles of garden design. Landscape design styles: comparing and evaluating the main features What is a style in landscape design

Any owner of a personal plot of land, whether it be a summer cottage or a full-fledged country house, wants his plot to become that unique and wonderful place where it is pleasant to be and where you can feel really good.

Perhaps this article will help you understand the styles of landscape design and choose the style that suits you. The landscape design styles presented in this article are the most popular in the world, and therefore, it is likely that you will find inspiration in the photos presented.

Modern style in landscape design.

What we call modern style in landscape design is actually a trend that began in the 50s and 60s of the last century. The modern style is based on simple geometry and linear designs.

Modern design, despite the simplicity of forms, is quite elegant and refined. The garden, designed in a modern style, is a well-organized space. The focus in such a garden is on large and small forms - buildings or furniture, and not on plants. In the modern style of landscape design, flowering plants are practically not used. The mood is created not through flowers, but thanks to multi-colored decorative elements - pillows, flower pots and more.

The basis of modern style is the creation of contrast. For example, a large concentration of green grass against the background of an ordinary concrete wall or simple plain garden furniture with very bright pillows. When creating contrast, don't overdo it. Pick two or three spots in your yard and add one contrasting element to each spot.

Tuscan style in landscape design.

Tuscan gardens are known for their impressive design. These gardens have inspired us throughout the ages, starting with Renaissance gardens. They have their own identity. Of course, creating a Tuscan-style landscape in the middle lane is very difficult, but you can at least convey its mood.

Tuscan style in landscape design is closely related to agriculture. Tuscan gardens are often surrounded by vineyards and olive trees, and grow herbs that are used as spices in the kitchen. If your climate allows, be sure to plant citrus plants in pallets in your Tuscan-style garden.

In a Tuscan garden, there must be a relaxation area in the form of a gazebo, where a friendly company can gather. There are many benches in the Tuscan landscape. A Tuscan garden does not have to look perfectly manicured, the plants in it grow naturally. There are no plants that require special care. For the same reason, the Tuscan style of landscape design is not characterized by the presence of lawns.

Country style in landscape design.

The country style originates from the famous English gardens of the 1600s. This style is ideal for summer cottages and farmhouses, it blends perfectly with rustic architecture. Country-style landscapes were originally designed for practical use. Country style in landscape design implies the presence of beehives, fruit trees, vegetables and herbs. Country-style flowers are used only as an addition.

Plants are the basis of country style in landscape design, and not decorative elements, as, for example, in the modern style of landscape design. Country style is characterized by the presence of small open areas hidden among lush vegetation. In the open area you can place a gazebo. The gazebo should be placed away from the house, which will provide a sense of mystery to everyone relaxing in your garden.

The country style is characterized by the presence of sinuous. Geometric shapes, straight perfect lines, and even symmetrical curves are not typical of this landscape style. Better pay attention to the combination of flowers in the garden. Country style in landscape design has a deep charm and extraordinary character.

Features of country style in landscape design.

English landscape style

The English style in landscape design is an attempt to move away from the French regular style that has reigned in Europe for a long time with its ideal forms to a simpler and freer style. However, it should be said that in an English garden, as in a French regular one, there is always a perfectly manicured lawn.

A feature of the English style in landscape design is the mandatory presence of a pond or lake on the site. In English gardens there are always trees and shrubs. Initially, English gardens were very large in area, but today, even in a small summer cottage, you can successfully imitate the English style.

Elements of an English garden:

Xeriscape in landscape design.

Xeriscape is a special style in landscape design. It is designed for difficult areas with not very favorable conditions, and, in particular, with a lack of moisture - with dry soils. The basis for creating a xeriscape landscape is the selection of unpretentious drought-resistant plants. Xeriscaping is an effective way to save money by using less water. So, for example, it is estimated that eliminating the use of the lawn reduces the cost of water required to irrigate the site by approximately 80%.

But keep in mind that you will be able to save on water only in the third year. In the first two summers, the xeriscape site needs thorough watering at regular intervals to allow the plants to develop deep root systems. Xeriscape is more than a style, it is the idea of ​​sustainable use of water. Usually people opt for xeriscaping not so much in order to save money, but in terms of saving natural resources, so landscapes in this style, in principle, are not characterized by the presence of irrigation installations. Barrels are installed on the plots to collect rainwater, which is used for irrigation.

Mediterranean style in landscape design

Peculiar variations of the Mediterranean style are Tuscan And Spanish styles are also described in this article. Dreaming of a vacation on the Mediterranean coast - recreate the beauty of the Mediterranean landscape in your own backyard.

A feature of the Mediterranean landscape is that many aromatic herbs grow here. Lavender is the minimum task. When recreating the Mediterranean style of the landscape in your summer cottage, make sure that among the selected plants there are a lot of fragrant herbs, as well as herbs that are also spices - melissa, etc. Another idea - in a Mediterranean-style garden, you can organize a place for the Italian game of bocce .

Colonial style - photo and description.

The colonial style of landscape design dates back to when the first British settlers established colonies in North America. The settlers began to lead a new way of life and created a special style of landscape design - the colonial style. This style is based not on high aesthetics, but on practicality as the basis of survival. There are not many plantings for ornamental purposes in the colonial landscape. The color palette is pastel.

Colonial gardens have 3 territories. The first is intended for practical use, there are agricultural buildings. The second is reminiscent of our orchard. The third is a garden of herbs and vegetables, in other words, a vegetable garden. Everything is like ours))). The colonial style is characterized by straight and symmetrical paths - between flower beds. Colonial landscapes, like architecture, are symmetrical and often break into square zones with paths between them.

Cape Cod Style

Cape Cod, a cape in eastern Massachusetts, is the birthplace of the Cape Cod style that has spread throughout the country and then the world. Houses in this style merge with the landscape, as they are painted in natural colors, however, they are distinguished by their charm. Cape Cod landscapes are simple and graceful.

There are not many plants here, or rather, not more than you need in order to feel like in a garden. Cape Cod uses flowers in containers and bushes of lush greenery. There are not many flowers - they are used as an accent for greenery. White flowers are welcome, which go well with greenery and white fences.

coastal style

Coastal gardens are one of the few that are based not on creating beauty, but on emphasizing what is. The coastal landscapes are simple, their design enhances the natural beauty of their location. Coastal gardens vary in size but are always relaxing in their simplicity. Natural beauty is emphasized by mass plantings of herbs and shrubs. Shrubs are the basis of the coastal style.

A mandatory element of a coastal-style garden is the presence of a patio with wicker chairs or benches. The use of light colors in small architectural forms is the basis of the style, so light granite and sand are ideal for decorating winding paths. Regardless of your location, the waterside garden is guaranteed to provide you with a peaceful place to unwind, a great place to unwind and read a book.

Spanish style - photo and description

The Spanish style in landscape design has been greatly influenced by Islamic, Persian and Moorish traditions in landscape design. Originating in Spain, this style is now popular all over the world, especially in areas with a similar hot and dry climate. The Spanish style of landscape design perfected the principle of dividing space and creating closed areas. Patios, terraces overlooking the landscape, fountains - all these are features of the Spanish style.

The Spanish landscape must have water. Fountains and the use of water are extremely important features in the Spanish style. Yards – designed down to the smallest detail. Decorative ponds of the correct geometric shape with symmetrical flower beds around can replace fountains. Symmetry is one of the main elements of the Spanish garden.

Drought-resistant plants form the basis of the Spanish landscape. Ceramic tiles are widely used, with the help of which almost any small architectural forms and design elements are created, such as: built-in benches, fountains, ponds, retaining walls, paths, and so on. Large terracotta pots with bright blue glaze are also a must-have decor item.

I hope this short guide to landscape design styles has helped you decide on the style for your summer cottage, and the photos and description of the styles have sent your creativity in the right direction. Good luck in creating beauty!

For a modern gardener, it is important to have not only a fertile, but also a stylish beautiful garden and vegetable garden. There are about 15 basic styles of landscape design of the site. Some of them are ideal for central Russia, others require a lot of effort for implementation and further care.

Fundamentals of any landscape design

The main condition for the harmonious design of the garden plot is to match the style of the house with the rest of the plot. It is also necessary to take into account the existing landscape (alpine style on the plain rarely looks good) and the surrounding nature (Moorish style in birches is an extremely original solution).

The main styles of landscape design for the middle lane

Below are the main characteristics and photos of modern landscape design styles.

Country style

Rustic style is a style of cute neglect. The decor is characterized by a mixture of a garden, flower beds and a vegetable garden. The basis is fruit trees and shrubs, which are complemented by mallow, sunflowers, cosmea, calendula, chamomile and other unpretentious bright flowers. Sometimes, instead of flowers, the fruits of physalis, grapes, pumpkins are used.

Another characteristic is the use of many accessories: carts, wheels, old pots, wicker fences, decorative wells, barrels and benches.

It is important not to use strict forms and a clear division into zones, and also not to abuse spacious lawns.

English (landscape) style

To create an English-style design, you need to carefully study the existing vegetation on the site and beyond, since the basis of this style is maximum harmony with nature.

Another feature is the presence of winding stone paths, spacious lawns and small ponds decorated with stones, water lilies and irises. Mixborders are often planted that include a variety of flowers, ornamental grasses, and shrubs to mimic natural undergrowth.

You also need to remember about vertical gardening: ivy, wild grapes and, of course, climbing roses. In general, any variety of roses: semi-wild, weaving and separately growing is an integral part of the English style in landscape design.

Color accents - green, silver, purple. It is favorable to plant roses, delphinium, mallow, peonies, crocuses, sage, tulips, begonias, pansies and daffodils. Of the trees and shrubs, hydrangea, boxwood, mock orange, thuja, juniper, barberry and willow will ideally fit into the landscape. Flowers are planted in groups, mixed with flowers and herbs.

It is important to remember that the quality implementation of the landscape style in landscape design requires a spacious plot of at least 12 acres and constant care to maintain slight negligence. Benches, forged lanterns, humpbacked bridges, flowerpots, small arbors are used as complementary accessories.

Chinese style

This is an original style based on water, stones and trees. There are no restrictions on the size of the plot, but its implementation in life is quite laborious work. First, you need to select a lot of stones of various sizes and shapes. Of these, landscape groups are formed, which are complemented by plants.

Coniferous plants are most often used: pines, junipers, dwarf spruces, decorative maples and cherries. Fescue, ferns, irises, peonies are planted from flowers and herbs.

And of course the center of the composition is a pond with water lilies and lotuses. On the shore there is a gazebo, which is also considered an integral part of the Chinese style.

It is important to remember that a house for this landscape style must either be hidden behind the trees, or be made in high-tech or modern style.

Hi-tech style

This style is distinguished by clear chopped forms with right angles. Rigid separation of paths from lawns and flower beds. The main focus is a well-groomed spacious lawn.

A variety of flowers and plants is not welcome. The most common choice is plants suitable for shearing, such as boxwood, juniper, cotoneaster, barberry. They are usually formed into cubes or balls.

From ornamental plants, preference is given to hostas, succulents, ferns, or small discreet ground cover flowers.

The main decoration of a high-tech garden is lighting and designer lanterns, as well as various benches and decorative balls made of polished stone or wood.

The paths are made as straight as possible from concrete plates. An artificial reservoir can become part of such a garden, but only if it is framed in concrete banks. The color scheme includes many shades of green and gray, blue, chocolate and purple.

Among the main styles of landscape design, one can also note the Mediterranean, Moorish and Alpine. All these styles require special landscape art skills to create a harmonious composition with the house and the surrounding nature.

And also associated with the use of exotic plants that require special care. Therefore, the best solution for central Russia is to use elements of a landscape or rustic style.

Photos of landscape design styles

Style in landscape design is a certain interpretation of the basic rules and techniques of planning, equipment, and coloring of a small garden. The concept of style includes the layout of the garden, the use of certain plant forms and their combinations, the type of decorative paving, etc.

The choice of garden style depends on the characteristics of the site (its configuration, environment, size) and is determined by the architectural style in which the main structures are built. But to a greater extent, this is a matter of taste and a reflection of the garden owner's lifestyle, and even more than that - a reflection of his worldview.

Modern styles of a small garden only come into contact with the style of gardens of the past. The boundaries of great styles are blurred: trees grow more slowly than buildings, and monuments of landscape art of the past today include elements of different styles, and the regular style is adjacent or absorbed by the landscape. Growing and aging, the garden passes not only through age boundaries, but also through stylistic boundaries, acquiring national features in each country, since the garden, and especially the small garden, is associated with the life and life of society.

It happens that it is no longer possible to create a garden, make gazebos, patios and a house in the same style. But you can supplement them with individual details, achieving a certain unity.

Let's see what styles exist in the design of the garden.

Styles

classic garden

Classics are classics: everything is clear, correct, time-tested. This style is suitable for those who love geometrically even lines and angles, as well as a sense of order. Typically, this style implies the presence of symmetry in the arrangement of individual components and planting plants, which in one way or another imitate natural communities. It is convenient to arrange such gardens in suburban areas, which traditionally have rectangular shapes. Very often in classical gardens one dominant can be traced. For example, there are gardens of herbaceous plants. There are rose gardens that complement beautiful flowering plants and flower beds with bright annuals. There are also paved gardens, in which most of the space is decoratively tiled, stones or bricks, and plants are planted in tall beds or in containers. The traditional design of a classic garden provides for rectangular lawns, even rectangular or round flower beds in the middle, colorful annuals. With this design, the focus is on vegetation, and not on structural elements, this option will appeal to lovers of decorative flowering, decorative leafy plants and fragrant herbs.

Parterre gardens and labyrinth gardens

They are reminiscent of the famous French and Italian gardens of the 16th century. The parterre garden or garden of flower beds contains many bizarre flower beds and decorative elements that create an intricate ornament that rises above ground level. Usually it was created in order to admire from the windows of the upper floors of the house. The labyrinth garden was also originally invented to be viewed from above, where low-cut hedges form geometric or sinuous patterns. The free space between evergreen shrubs is filled with beautifully flowering plants or, which is more correct from a historical point of view, with colored sand or gravel.

There are a lot of wildlife lovers who are not attracted by the correct organization of space and the clarity of lines, but just the opposite - simplicity, naturalness, freedom. In this case, you should pay attention to the gardens of the so-called free style. A romantic wild corner, and even more so even a whole garden in a natural style, involves a minimum of work in the beds or in flower beds and a maximum of relaxation. The gentle intervention of man does not in the least spoil the lovely picture of wildlife.

rural garden

This type of garden is also called a country garden, they are decorated using natural, natural materials for paving and selecting plants in a special way. The landscape, as a rule, does not make changes or makes them minimal.. Usually everything is limited to the construction of a garden path, a staircase made of ordinary stones. The composition of plants is dominated by "old-fashioned plants" and even vegetables, which create a somewhat casual, but very colorful effect. Here you can see annuals and perennials intermingled, especially those that reproduce by self-sowing and grow in a motley mess.

Garden - a corner of wildlife

Despite the seeming contradiction, the concepts of "garden" and "wildlife corner" are quite compatible. Fans of this style sometimes do nothing with their sites. Plants grow wildly, various living creatures settle in them, for example, birds, bees, butterflies, lizards. Water plays an important role in attracting birds, mammals and insects, as well as flowering annuals and perennials. Animals willingly visit orchards. However, even such a corner can be quite well-groomed.

The forest landscape is reproducible on a large plot. This is a good solution for long and narrow allotments, where the "classic" does not fit. For this purpose, fast-growing deciduous tree species with a light, sparse crown, such as birch, are best suited. Preference in such gardens is given to plants that bloom wildly in spring, and the gaps between the trees are filled with ground cover and bulbous plants. The forest landscape allows you to obscure the unsightly view of neighboring houses or communications surrounding the site. Another positive feature is that it is undemanding in care. Simulation of the natural landscape allows you to create many different habitats, from a dry gravel flower bed to wet shores of reservoirs. Such gardens change their appearance from season to season and exist as long as a harmonious balance is maintained between all its parts, including between wildlife and cultures interspersed in the overall picture at the will of man.

© Randy Son Of Robert

Themed gardens

Theme gardens are spreading faster as more people travel the world. Much of what we notice while traveling to distant countries, we mentally transfer to our garden. Meanwhile, the garden traditions of distant countries have found their way to us since ancient times. Often we do not even suspect the foreign origin of some plants from the grandmother's garden. Each style has its own charm, a special charm.. Of course, climate restrictions are inevitable. But various accessories that are sold everywhere as souvenirs can serve your garden well.

The undisputed leaders among thematic gardens are Japanese, with their harmony and a sense of peace. They, like the Chinese ones, are classified by subject to East Asia. Another popular topic is the Middle East. Noble grace, spiced with a spicy blend of heavy, sweet jasmine and rose scents, combined with a light décor is what we used to call the spirit of the East. We recognize the Mediterranean by the walls made of flat natural stone, semicircular benches, clay ovens, an abundance of sunlight and warmth. South America is a siesta, calmness and equanimity on the one hand, and temperament splashing over the edge on the other. The nature of the Latin Americans is also reflected in the design of the garden: the calm green of the decorative leaves of yucca, the functions of both pelargonium and daylily, combined with unexpected effects from bright spots of flowers. Mauritania - here the mysterious exotic of the East is mixed together with the features of European-Andalusian garden art. This garden caresses all the senses: sight - with bright colors of flowers, smell - with tart and sweet aromas of incense and roses, taste - with fragrant pulp of strawberries and olives. The geometric shapes of straight paths and stairs, round flower beds and rectangular pools give the garden a clear structure. Scandinavia - for those who love nature and prefer a simple, but at the same time cheerful design. Green lawns and endless distances are characteristic features of the Scandinavian landscape. And also a hedge, tall grass on the lawn and undersized birches or pines along the edge of the lawn, a cheerful splash of fountain jets.

Choosing “your” style is sometimes not easy, because there are many factors that cannot be ignored: climate, soil, topography, size and configuration of the site. Contact the professionals and they will help you make your garden unique and unlike any other.

Let's take a closer look at the different types of theme gardens.

french garden

The garden, made in the regular or French style of landscape design, is planned along the main single axis of the composition; the location of all its elements and structures is subject to strict geometry and symmetry.

This type of garden is characterized by a slightly pronounced relief, the whole composition is located in one plane.. Also characteristic is the design of the territory with terraces ending with retaining walls. The terraces are interconnected by stairs, which are one of the main decorative elements of the garden. The main entrance of the park is located in the lower part of the garden, so that the grandeur of the whole composition opens up to the visitor directly from the entrance. The garden is dominated by plants that lend themselves well to shearing and retain their shape for a long time. In the conditions of central Russia, coniferous plants are suitable for these purposes: arborvitae, gray spruce, prickly spruce; from deciduous: privet, euonymus, hawthorn, barberry, cinquefoil, cotoneaster, spirea, maple, decorative plums and apple trees, small-leaved linden.

The use of the French garden layout is appropriate if the country residence is intended to receive guests who need to be amazed by sophistication, taste and prosperity. However, it must be taken into account that the creation of a garden in a regular style requires relatively large spaces and the continuous work of a professional gardener in its landscaping and landscaping.

English garden

An English or landscape garden suggests naturalness in the placement of elements and greater smoothness of lines, imitating the natural landscape: winding paths, picturesque ponds, “natural” plant compositions that are planted in tiers (trees, shrubs, undergrowth, flowers).

This style of garden design is characterized by a pronounced alternation of flat areas, hills, slopes, ravines, natural reservoirs; lack of straight lines and axes. Of paramount importance is the thoughtful organization of the composition of trees and shrubs, the combination of color and texture of the leaves, the distribution of light and shadow in the garden. The species of trees and shrubs growing in the area are mainly used. All reservoirs, even of artificial origin, should have a pronounced natural character: uneven coastline, natural framing (pebbles, sand, near-water plants). Winding paths unite the individual elements of the garden. The paths are made of natural materials: wild stone, cut tree trunks, lawn, resistant to trampling.

The landscape style is most often used by landscape architects when planning the landscape design of modern country estates. Creating a park in a landscape style requires a delicate taste, a sense of proportion, and a good knowledge of native nature.

Chinese garden

The Chinese garden is characterized, first of all, by the fact that all its individual architectural forms carry a symbolic meaning. All buildings must be inscribed in a skillfully crafted natural landscape, including lakes and hills. In the Chinese garden, a central composition is built, around which all the rest are placed, as if obeying it. The main task of the creator of such a garden is to find the starting point from which the most beautiful landscape opens up best. The most expressive elements of the landscape are distinguished by characteristic curved bridges, pavilions, pagodas, zigzag staircases, necessarily painted in bright colors (red, emerald green, yellow).

In China, the basis of a harmonious society is the obedience to the laws of the universe. The study of these laws and their systematization were later formulated as the laws of Feng Shui, the popularity of which in the modern world is very high. These laws are reflected in landscape design.

The construction of the landscape design of the Chinese garden according to the Feng Shui method is based on the projection of the psychological portraits of the owners on the landscape around them. A constructive basis of the garden is being created, which will be visible both in winter and in summer: paths, terraces and retaining walls, fountains or artificial ponds, sculptures and benches, rotundas and gazebos. For greater picturesqueness, the surface should be embossed. By placing small architectural forms, the territory is divided into certain zones, emphasizing individual moments of the garden. All elements of garden architecture must match the style of the house and site, combining and complementing them compositionally.

Balance is the key to feng shui. Mountain, water and plant elements should be located quite close to each other. It is undesirable to place sharp objects or landscape elements next to the paths, as according to the laws of Feng Shui, this creates tension and leads to stress. Winding or circular alleys in the garden are more preferable than strict, elongated paths. To organize a garden according to the laws of Feng Shui, three elements of landscape design are necessary and sufficient: mountains, water and vegetation itself. Mountains can be replaced by mounds of beds, tall trees and shrubs. Water, symbolizing wealth, can be embodied in streams, ponds and fountains, and, in extreme cases, a "stream" of stones.

muslim garden

The plan for organizing a Muslim garden is formed from one or more squares. The use of a multiplicity of four in the planning of such a garden is mandatory. The larger square is divided into four smaller ones. The strict geometric layout of the layout is emphasized with the help of paths, plants and tubules with water. In the centers of the squares, there are often small fountains or pools lined with marble, multi-colored ceramic tiles and glass, which are the main decoration of the entire garden. Islam gives a special, sacred role to water. Water is the source of life, it nourishes life and gives purification. Water among Muslims symbolizes paradise, and the Garden of Eden is inconceivable without it.

This shape of the garden is a reflection of the legend of the Garden of Eden, from which four rivers flow in four directions. Thus, the garden is divided into four parts. The squares of a Muslim garden should symbolize the presence of Allah and his blessing.
In Spain, which was under the influence of the Arabs for several centuries, a new type of garden was formed on the basis of Muslim canons, which later became known as Moorish. Relatively small courtyards (patios) were original rooms in the open air. Often galleries entwined with grapes or climbing roses served as a frame for such a garden. Like the Muslim ones, in the Moorish gardens the main decoration of the garden was water, enclosed in a variety of forms. Trees and shrubs were not cut and planted freely. A large number of flowers and herbs were a feature of the landscape design of Moorish gardens. Decorative paving of spaces free from plantings was widely used, which gave the gardens a special elegance and sophistication. In general, the sophistication of Moorish gardens is based on the harmony between water spaces and decorative architectural elements within an often complex ensemble of enclosed courtyards.

Japanese garden

Since ancient times, the Japanese have been reverent towards flowers, and it is not surprising that they created gardens of unusually exquisite beauty. Today, Japanese gardens are divided into three types: hilly, flat and tea.

The purpose of the Japanese landscape garden is to create a miniature model of the landscape, flat or hilly, always with ponds, an island in the lake, with bridges, originally placed stones and decorative stone lamps that create unusual lighting. Dwarf pines, junipers, rhododendrons against the background of moss, stone and water attract the eye for a long time, the beauty of the landscape is gradually revealed to the viewer. Another feature of the Japanese garden is the luggage - winding chains of stones for crossing streams and channels. An amazing scenic effect is obtained as a result of the thoughtful reflection of the most interesting places in the landscape in the water.

Aroma Garden

This is a special kind of garden with a very interesting history.. In the old days, on the territory of Western European monasteries, square courtyards were laid out with a cross-shaped division of paths and a geometric pattern of plantings. Natural scientists and naturalists used these places to grow medicinal, and later aromatic herbs. The four sectors of the courtyard were planted with plants either according to the parts of the world that were their homeland, or according to the use of herbs: medicinal, spicy, beautiful, pleasantly smelling. Such a tradition predetermined the appearance of not only discounts, but also a closed “garden of smells”.

And today you can arrange a cozy fragrant corner in a well-lit part of the garden. To emphasize the chamber spirit of the territory of pleasant smells, it is necessary to isolate it with a high hedge or garden wall. The selection of ornamental plants is dictated by the principle of continuous flowering, as well as the ability of some flowers to emphasize the aromas of each other.

The presence of such a corner in your garden will testify to the love of the owners for elegant exoticism.

© John Weiss

We are waiting for your comments!

The "English garden" style appeared in the 18th century as a counterbalance to the formal style. One of the ardent adherents of the new style and opponent of French gardens was the English poet Alexander Pope (1688 - 1744), who called in 1713 in his essay on gardening to return from geometric forms to "the sweet beauty of unadorned nature." He formulated the basic rule of the English garden as follows: "Nature should not be forgotten in anything ... Be guided by the spirit of the place."

The English style received its further development thanks to the romantic direction in art and literature - the movement against classicism and its love for order, discipline and restraint. In garden design, the influence of Romanticism was shown in the use of plants for emotional inspiration. However, romanticism focused not only on emotions: at that time, the peasantry, previously despised, was erected on a pedestal. And initially it was the peasants who created the English gardens.

A truly English garden originally had more practical than aesthetic value. That is why in English gardens almost all herbs were either medicinal or used for culinary purposes, and many trees were fruit trees. And only later, when the new style spread beyond the peasant circles, did the aesthetic properties of the garden come to the fore. English gardens of that time had a mystical charm and were designed to create a romantic atmosphere.

Later, English gardens became very popular in the United States: an abundance of rose bushes, perennial flowers, vine-covered arbors and climbing arches - all this allowed to create an atmosphere of carefree fun.

A romantically minded owner with a large plot (8-10 acres) may be interested in an English garden. This ornamental gardening will please the eye with its naturalness and will not require reconstruction. The gardener of such a picturesque corner will be able to admire its beauty for many years.

English gardens - free, landscape gardening. It should bring out the beauty of the natural landscape and hide its flaws. This landscape garden creates the illusion of a natural garden. The garden consists of several green lawns or lawns of an oval, round shape, interconnected. Lawns around the perimeter are planted with trees and shrubs. These plantings can be fruit or ornamental.

In the center of the English garden is a pond. It can be a pond, a stream or a free-form pool. Near the pond - weeping willow, slender thuja or cypress. Trees with a weeping or pyramidal crown are an essential element of an English romantic garden. They create an atmosphere with a somewhat sad mood.

A gardener creating a romantic English garden does not welcome many flowers. They land parterre near the house and around the reservoir.

Around the lawns, you can lay paths overgrown with cut grass. This is a purely English tradition. Sometimes tile is laid on the paths, sprinkled with gravel.

Since the basis of the English garden is the greenery of plantings and lawns, it is better to break it up in damp areas or constantly water it abundantly. Lawns need to be mowed regularly. As for the trees on the site, when they grow old, they are replaced by young ones.

A characteristic feature of this style is that plants are planted at first glance haphazardly, evoking thoughts of a "natural landscape".














To create an English garden, you can use the following tips:
. Plants typical of the English garden: mallow (stockrose, pink marshmallow), foxglove, columbine, roses, daisies, chamomiles, pansies, peonies, violets, primroses, delphinium, wisteria, etc. Tall and lush grass is well suited for lawns.
. Plant flowers and shrubs in the flower beds as densely as possible. The garden should be full of greenery and flowers (historically, this is due to the abundance of rain in England). Even in dry areas, you can achieve the desired effect by using drought-resistant plants.
. Use arches, pergolas and trellises entwined with plants.
. In an English garden there should be benches: they are used both for convenience and as an additional decoration of the garden.
. As a material for small architectural forms, brick, gray natural stone, wrought iron, natural wood are best suited.

American garden

Perhaps the main difference between the American garden and many others is the lawn in front of the house, empty and flat, like a billiard table. Every week, without fail, the owner walks along it with a lawn mower, rattling "all over Ivanovo".

But the white fence that encloses the site from the street is not a characteristic detail at all. Much more often do without it. Much more common is the "island" - a small raised flower bed, located slightly away from the path to the house.

Among wild large stones, delivered specially from afar, rhododendrons and a small maple are planted, whose leaves turn crimson in autumn.

So, the green "cloth" of the lawn and a small flowering island - that, in fact, is all that can be seen from the street. But from the yard on a plot of several tens of acres, the owners arrange forest "wilds", in the thicket they put a bird village of several houses. A swing is hung on a high bough of the largest tree. The view from them is good, and even adults, no, no, yes, and they will remember their childhood, soaring up on them. In the depths of the site, a traditional house for garden tools was hidden. Americans do not like to store inventory in a residential building.

Not far from the old tree, a "wild" pond was dug. Its shores are strewn with pebbles, lined with sedge and reeds, and a free wind brought from somewhere "unplanned" Ivan-tea. Water lilies grow in the pond, they feel great here, and decorative fish flicker between their stems in the depths. Sometimes flocks of migratory birds sit here to rest. In America, they are not afraid of people at all.

The layout is done in such a way as to block the garden and the house from the northern winds with dense plantings. At the lawn on the south side, a “window” is left overlooking the sea bay. This place is decorated with a border of bright colors. The lateral boundaries of the site are decorated with sheared hedges lined at the base with a variegated host.

Italian garden (Italian garden)

The Italian style of the garden, which became widespread during the Renaissance (XV century AD), is also called Medicean. This term is derived from the name of one of the most famous Italian families - the Medici, whose representatives ruled Florence for a long time. The Medicean type of gardens had a regular layout, like the French garden, however, the main difference was that when working out the garden, great attention was also paid to architectural structures. Thus, the villa was a certain compositional component and had a clear relationship with the surrounding landscape.

If you have a small plot (about 5 acres), and you want to hide from the annoying looks of your neighbors, it is best to arrange an Italian courtyard. This is a small garden, surrounded on all sides by a fence, wall or buildings.

Such a courtyard-garden is a perfectly equal area, divided by straight or diagonal paths into simple geometric shapes. Not only flowers are grown here, but also medicinal herbs. In the center is a rectangular or round small pond. If done according to all the rules, then the reservoir should be with a fountain. In general, the Italian courtyard is arranged as if it were an extension of the house, another large room, only without a roof.

And wildlife is allowed here only in a “combed” form. Shrubs and trees are usually sheared. Moreover, this tradition has come down to us from Ancient Rome, where shrubs were shaped like ships, vessels, temples, figures of people, birds and animals. Now it is customary to get by with simpler forms of a ball and a cube. The courtyard itself is paved with tiles or sprinkled with sand, crushed bricks or gravel. Fruit trees are arranged in orderly rows, most often along the boundaries of the site. And even they are not left alone, with a haircut giving them the shape of a ball.

An Italian-style plot may look like this. In the center is a small tiled pool. Crocuses, tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, lilies, levkoi are planted on rectangular flower beds. And, of course, roses. Flowers complement aromatic herbs - sage, lavender. The garden is decorated with a very Italian pergola, entwined with girlish grapes. And on it you can start up morning glory, which will break the green background with colored gramophones. A piquantly designed well looks funny, which, although it falls out of the general style, solves the problem of irrigation.














To create an Italian style garden:
■ Start planning your garden at home. The architecture of the facade of the house should have symmetrically located arches and ledges overlooking the garden.
■ Terrace your garden if possible. Retaining walls should have ledges and colonnades. Often, hedges are grown near the walls from trimmed bushes. The terraces are connected by stairs.
■ If your garden is large, spruce it up with lots of small pieces of architecture. These can be gazebos, pavilions, pools, monuments, sculptures, poultry houses, fountains, marble benches and even small temples.
■ When planning your garden, develop walking routes.
■ In the warm season, tubs with lemon trees can be placed near the benches.
■ In front of the facade of the building, when creating an Italian-style garden, lay out a flat garden (parterre) with symmetrical flower beds and fountains.
■ If space permits, you can plant a small garden of fruit trees with lawns and streams.
■ In almost every Italian garden you can see alleys of cypresses and growing trellises of roses and grapes, hazel, pomegranates or quince.
■ Fountains can be made in the form of a bowl with a small sculptural composition. You can also arrange several ponds on the periphery of the garden, it is important that they are rectangular in shape.

Chinese garden (Chinese garden)

In Chinese culture, landscape design has always been an art, and the creators of gardens have been guided by the traditions and values ​​of society and religious principles. Gardens in China have been planted since the 11th century BC, from the time of the Zhou state. Moreover, if the Europeans say that a garden needs to be planted, then the Chinese build gardens.

In the Chinese garden, there are no neat lawns, as in the English, and clear lines, as in the regular French style. Chinese gardeners imitate nature and try to create a corner of nature in a small area, as diverse as China itself. Mountains, lakes, rivers and trees can be present in this landscape. It is important that the garden helps a person find balance and harmony with the nature around him.

To create a Chinese-style garden, use three fundamental classical principles:

1. The garden should look as natural as possible. In the Chinese garden, you should create the feeling that you got out into nature, and everything around appeared without the help of a person. Arbitrary images in such a garden are dominant, allow you to enjoy the touch of nature and invite you to reflection and meditation.

2. The garden should be built in such a way that it is a self-sufficient world in miniature. In order for the owner of the garden to be favored by the forces of the universe, the symbols of the components of the universe should be placed in the garden - the signs of yin and yang, symbolizing the unity of opposites. Stones and water, garden flowers and natural landscape, as well as drawings and architectural forms should emphasize the harmony of your garden.

3. The Chinese garden should bring new impressions and emphasize the diversity of images even in a small space. To do this, use a multi-dimensional perspective, lay paths and bridges in such a way that you need to take more steps to get from one place in the garden to another. Often, gardens in China consist of several small gardens, completely different in design, separated by shrubs, galleries, walls, or even buildings.














In addition, to create Chinese-style gardens, you should adhere to the following recommendations:
■ Plant trees in the garden with twisted branches, crooked trunks, and bare roots. Chinese gardeners are very fond of mountain pines - a symbol of courage, strength and longevity, and bamboo - a symbol of life-giving emptiness. Peach and plum in China is a "tree of happiness", and weeping willow is a symbol of the masculine principle "yang".

■ Lawns in the garden can be planted with medicinal plants or cereals. Tree-like peonies are often also grown in such a garden, which in China are called the “king of flowers” ​​for their height (from 1 to 1.5 meters) and longevity. Such peonies can grow up to 100-150 years in one place. Also in the Chinese garden, chrysanthemums and irises are grown, which are planted near ponds, stones and on hillsides.

■ It is important to know that according to the Chinese beliefs, the garden is an extension of the house, and if it is devoid of vegetation, it is open to winds that will carry away the vital energy "qi". Therefore, plant a variety of plants in the garden, frame the walls with ivy and wild grapes. Your plants will retain healing energy and bring health and longevity to your home.

Moorish garden

The first Moorish (Muslim) gardens are oases in the hot desert, ennobled by man. The famous Hanging Gardens of Queen Semiramis - one of the seven wonders of the world of antiquity - were created in this style. Legend has it that Nebuchadnezzar II, the ruler of Babylon, married a Median princess to confirm the military alliance of the two powers against Assyria. However, Babylon, unlike the flowering Mussels, stood on a bare plain, and the princess was very homesick. In order to please his wife, Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the construction of these majestic structures.

Moorish style in landscape design is often compared to heaven on earth. It comes from Africa, but today's interpretation is more of a southern Spanish origin: Muslim culture left deep roots here during the period of Arab rule. Subsequently, the fabulous, sweet, alluring gardens of Scheherazade were adapted by Christians, but the basic principles of the Moorish style that won the hearts of Europeans were preserved.

The most important, central element of the garden is a water source, fountain or reservoir. Water in the eastern countries has magical power, because it is the most valuable jewel. Alleys or canals diverge from the source in four directions. They symbolize 4 rivers flowing from the Garden of Eden in all directions of the world. The resulting 4 parts of the garden - 4 squares - in turn are divided into new 4 parts. And again in the center of each part - a sparkling source with divergent alleys.

With all the geometric correctness and structure, exotic plants, herbs, trees and shrubs are placed absolutely arbitrarily, filling the garden with fragrance and sophistication. Lawns are practically absent, and all the space between trees, shrubs, flowers is paved with tiles.

Of course, it is unlikely that it will be possible to repeat or accurately reproduce all the splendor of the gardens of the Alhambra, Taj Mahal or Humayun in modern central Russia. But a piece of paradise can be realized even in rather ascetic climatic conditions. An important advantage of the Moorish garden is its unpretentiousness in maintenance. It is enough to initially build a composition, and subsequently maintain the natural growth of trees and shrubs. Moorish style does not require large spaces, but the smaller the area of ​​​​the garden, the more carefully the selection of plants used is carried out.

Furniture for the interior is also selected in an oriental style, decorated with all kinds of pillows. Closed Moorish-style gazebos are equipped with large windows, so in summer it will not be stuffy.














To create a Moorish style of landscape design, follow these rules:
. The heart of the Moorish garden is the pond. It could be a pond, a fountain or a canal. Traditionally, for Moorish gardens, water is a great value, therefore, reservoirs are usually not very large in size, but they are arranged in such a way that water is always visible from any corner of the garden.

The classic arrangement of the garden is a fountain or pond in the center, from which water flows in channels to the four cardinal directions to the edges of the garden. If the garden is regular, then the canals divide it into four equal squares, and if the Moorish garden is large enough, each of the larger squares can be divided into four smaller ones in the same way.

Moorish gardens, like French ones, are distinguished by geometric correctness and regularity in planning. However, the plans of the Moorish gardens are reminiscent of oriental patterns, the vegetation in such a garden usually grows without any processing with garden shears and quickly fills the entire space between paths and ponds.

Free spaces in the Moorish garden are filled with decorative paving with multi-colored tiles or stones. The patterns performed may resemble an oriental carpet.

The Moorish style has several important features. For example, you can not use statues and fountains depicting the figures or faces of people, as this is prohibited by the Muslim faith.
Water in hot Muslim countries is highly valued, and fountains usually do not have pressure, which allows water jets to shoot high up. For the Moorish garden, small murmuring streams are traditional, which flow from tall vases set in the center of a reservoir decorated with Muslim stars.

Also, the large Moorish garden is characterized by pergolas, covered arches and galleries entwined with flowers and wild grapes.

A rose garden is often arranged near the pool, but it is worth choosing flowers not only by color, but in such a way that the combination of their aromas during flowering creates a pleasant composition.

German garden

1. Ordnung muss sein. "Order first" is a favorite German proverb. Saying this phrase, the typical German has a very soulful expression on his face. The innate love for cleanliness, in the opinion of the Russian inhabitant, sometimes takes the form of quiet insanity: Saturday and Sunday morning lawn mowing, when all normal people should still bask in bed, periodic plucking of seed heads from pansies and the complete absence of weeds in flower beds and paving crevices - the easiest sacrifices the Germans can make to maintain order.

It comes to the point that long distances between plantings of perennials are specially left so that you can freely walk and weed. And then wash the tool to a shine (or even disinfect it) and put it on a specially designated shelf in a garden shed with starchy white curtains on the windows.

2. The Germans have an amazing ability to combine the incongruous. Even in the most practical solutions (and the Germans are well-known pragmatists!) they will always add a drop of romance. For example, when choosing garden lamps, a typical German will always ask himself: why spend money on stationary lighting if the Moon exists, and from less global luminaries - torches, solar-powered lanterns and candles, which will also create a more intimate mood in the evening garden? Stationary light, well, at the entrance to the house it is necessary, but only with motion sensors. These savings will justify the cost.

3. Love for comfort and relaxation pushes the Germans not only to the neighborhood with the Russians in the resorts of Turkey, but also to carefully plan their site under the motto "Minimum worries - maximum pleasure." This approach dictates a certain structure of the garden: usually it is a large lawn or paving areas larger than planting areas, sometimes with tapeworm, sometimes without. Indeed, fewer plants means less work. The desire to have as much free time as possible explains the attachment to coniferous and evergreen deciduous trees and shrubs, decorative year-round and does not require special care - once planted and you can safely rest all four seasons.

It is rare that anyone is engaged in the cultivation of flyers from seeds - they cost a penny, are purchased as needed and thrown away immediately after the loss of decorativeness. One of the main elements of the garden is a recreation area with an obligatory barbecue (meat in all its manifestations is a traditional German food) - the American version of our barbecue, around which the whole family gathers every weekend. How does this fit in with mowing the lawn and plucking pansies, you ask? So the order is first of all, and then the barbecue. Plus, a little gardening is fun too.

4. The need to show a certain level of prosperity and be at least as good as the neighbors is another characteristic German feature. It is usually reflected in the design of the entrance area - deliberately for show, for a casual observer from the road. This pseudo-openness, flowering plants, usually hydrangeas, roses, clematis, architectural grasses, yuccas, are designed to give the impression of stability and prosperity and perform the same role as a photograph with a snow-white smile of thirty-two teeth on a resume of an ordinary German.

The seasonal change of container plantings and decorative decorations at the entrance and on the balcony often turns into a competition between neighbors - who is brighter, more interesting, more beautiful. The reason for changing the scenery is not only holidays (Christmas, Easter), but also simply, for example, the beginning of autumn.






5. For all the friendliness and seeming openness in urban gardens (or with dense buildings), the boundaries of public and private are very clearly marked, which is manifested not only in the lowered blinds on the evening windows, but also in the presence of a strictly defined private area in the garden, in which access only to close people. If there is a plot behind the house, it is usually hidden from neighbors by high, dense hedges. In villages where houses are more sparse and there are many beautiful landscapes, owners can afford to use beautiful landscape views in the garden structure without fear of "getting under surveillance."

6. The Germans are more born engineers and architects than gardeners. Germany is famous for its beautiful landscaped parks, stunning urban landscaping and creative water features. In private gardens and public parks, you can see many successful compositions from an architectural and coloristic point of view ... but at the same time, the Germans, unlike the British and Russians, completely lack botanical interest - what difference does it make, what is the name of this variety, the main thing is that it looks the way it should.

Therefore, very often in garden shops you can see, for example, roses with the label "Hybrid Tea Rose" and a photograph of a flower, without specifying the variety. Here everyone is a designer for himself, so professionally made small gardens in Germany are a rarity.

7. Love for a small homeland and its history is reflected in private gardens. In the former coal-mining regions of North Rhine-Westphalia, for example, you can often find a disused mining cart adapted for a flower garden. It looks touching, if not fabulous. Speaking of fairy tales, it was in Germany that they invented garden gnomes and generously placed their figures in their gardens.

Sometimes they look out of place, sometimes they are obviously kitsch, but it is clear that this is a typical German way of decorating a garden. The Germans are not usually limited to gnomes, and garden centers sell dozens of varieties of plastic ducks for the pond, cats and dogs for the garden, and garden sculptures from various materials. I do not presume to condemn such a love for scenery, but in my opinion, in German gardens there is a clear overabundance of small architectural forms.

8. The inhabitants of Germany are hardworking people, and, like Russians, they are drawn to the land, because such a pastime helps to relax and unwind in nature from home and office, exclusively for their own pleasure. Many urban residents who have green spaces only on the balcony rent “dachas” - plots of land one or two acres unsuitable for construction, usually along railways, just to have plenty of gardening on the weekends.

It is amazing how similar these German dachas are to ours, only a little smaller and more well-groomed. Garden, shed, sun, air and good beer - one of the German recipes for happiness, and this is confirmed by statistics. Societies of summer residents are growing year by year, and the average age of their members has become ten years younger since the mid-nineties.

Russian garden

The Russian garden is distinguished by its simplicity and practicality. Since ancient times, a regular garden has been used in Russia. The main purpose of such a garden was to harvest fruits and medicinal plants. Therefore, any ornamental gardening is uncharacteristic for the Russian garden.

Near the house there must be a front garden surrounded by a low fence. Flowers in the front garden are grown completely different: roses, lilies, calendula, chamomile. On rich estates, round flower beds with daisies and dahlias are very popular.

Russian nature is unthinkable without birches. Therefore, not a single estate could do without a romantic corner planted with birches, mountain ash and fir trees, purple lilacs and white hydrangeas and a gazebo in a shady corner among mock oranges, ferns, irises and sweet peas. This discreet unpretentious landscape is so close to the Russian heart!

In autumn, the Russian garden was decorated with asters, chrysanthemums, sunflowers - a favorite in every garden.

All outbuildings and the yard were located directly next to the house.
Behind the house and the yard was a vegetable garden. Apples, pears, cherries, plums have always been grown in Russian gardens. Especially, of course, apples fell in love.

Of the shrubs, the most popular at all times were currants, raspberries, gooseberries.














Due to the geographical location, not all types of plants could grow in Russia. Only with the development of selection did varieties of heat-loving plants begin to appear, adapted for life and fruiting in our difficult conditions.

Grapes, cherries, and apricots did not immediately come to Russian gardeners in the middle lane. But they were very fond of in Russia and took their rightful place among the centenarians of the Russian garden.

Garden in Thailand

Gardens in Thailand are given a lot of attention. The gardens here are philosophical in nature, they serve as a place of meditation for Buddhists. The most famous garden in Thailand is the garden of the Royal Palace in Bangkok. Here you immediately find yourself in an atmosphere of incredible color diversity, sophistication of forms, gilding, brilliance.

It is difficult for a European to endure this. But here is a modest tree, a piece of even lawn, a trimmed bush. And all the usual, soothing. In the gallery with sculptures of the emerald Buddha, terrible demons, you involuntarily begin to peer into compositions of ornamental plants among gray stones and in concrete vases.

There are also marigolds, and petunias, there is even greenery of the lawn.
Flowers are planted not only in the ground. Potted plants are popular in the decor. A palm tree suddenly appears in the middle of the alley, planted in a Chinese vase.

Stones play a big role in gardens. They are specially brought to the capital from the north of the country.
Bangkok is located on swampy soil, which creates certain difficulties in setting up and maintaining gardens.

Once upon a time, Thailand was dominated by the jungle. It was in the jungle that the Thais felt at home. When they lived in a common tribal space, each had its own individual sanctuary, far in the forest. Until now, this tradition has been preserved. In the capital of Thailand, next to modern buildings, you can see small gardens arranged with great taste, where a home for the spirit is hidden among the greenery. It is decorated with garlands and bouquets, standing out brightly against the backdrop of skyscrapers.

Thais prefer gardens that are close to the natural landscape, but you can often see smooth transitions from natural to man-made landscapes.

The heart of every Thai home is a garden with an indispensable pool and fountain. The dwelling is as if permeated with a garden, or rather tied to it, as has been customary since antiquity. Moreover, in the informal zone, behind the house, most of the life of the owners passes.

This tradition is preserved even in the gigantic hotel complex "Ambassador", in the center of which there is a garden. Through the glass of the first floor, it visually passes into the bamboo groves around the hotel, the waves of bushes on the terraces, its pools have something in common with the beach and the sea.

In this country there are no pronounced stereotypes, replicated techniques. There is only a successful combination of ancient tradition and everything that Thai culture has absorbed throughout its history.

French garden

The "French garden" style, which is also called the regular, geometric or formal style of landscape design, developed rapidly from the 17th to the 18th century. Such gardens were very popular during the time of Louis XIV, but the historical name of the style is not accurate, since the idea of ​​​​creating regular gardens appeared in the Renaissance in Italy.

The style reached its apogee in the 19th century in England, where gardeners learned to grow plants in the form of exotic forms (such as geometric shapes, animals, birds, etc.). The main idea of ​​​​forming a French garden in landscape design is a clear order and symmetry in one.

Imagine a flat garden, as open as possible to the surrounding nature. The basic principle of its layout is the clarity and perfect symmetry of its composition. In front of the house, a parterre is broken, usually completely covered with flowers. It is bordered by a low curb of cut shrubs or paths sprinkled with sand or gravel.

The French style is a development of the idea of ​​a regular layout. Here the gardener's art will prevail over nature, subordinating it to a strict order and forging it into clear geometric shapes.

Shearing plants are often given an artificial shape. A clear green wall of sheared hedges is an indispensable element of a French garden. Another integral element is triangles and pergolas, braided with climbing plants. Bosquets are very popular - dense arrays of trees surrounded by clipped shrubs.

Shady alleys, perceived by us as something painfully Russian, actually came to us from France. True, the French cut the crowns of the trees. By the way, a small bosquet in an amateur garden is not such a crazy idea. Trees can be fruit, and a shrub, for example, barberry.

Relatively new elements in the French garden are concrete tiles on the paths, paving the paths with special bricks. Pots and containers with flowers near houses are very popular with the French.

Of course, a French garden is a very impractical garden. This is not a fruitful garden, but a resting garden.













To create a French garden landscape design style:
■ Form the main idea of ​​creating a garden. All elements on the plan must be geometrically correct, all bends must be built using a compass.
■ Shape the French garden so that it has two key points - the bottom one, which is the main entrance, and the top one, which offers a view of the entire garden. The top point is usually a house with a garden.
■ If the area where the French garden is to be laid out has a significant difference in height, the garden is formed by a cascade of flat terraces connected by stairs and surrounded by retaining walls.
■ Cascades of fountains, strict pools, small wall fountains are well suited for decorating a French garden.
■ Carefully select plants for landscaping a French garden. It is very important that the plants are well cut, resistant to diseases, quickly take on a geometrically correct shape and have a fairly monolithic appearance.
■ An integral part of the French park - carefully trimmed, smooth green lawns.
■ Be sure to use bosquets - evenly trimmed trees and shrubs that form green walls. With the help of a bosquet, you can create secluded areas for recreation and work in the fresh air.
■ The French garden is characterized by an abundance of antique-style sculptures and a general atmosphere of solemnity and theatricality.
■ Maintaining a French garden necessarily requires the constant work of a gardener. It is necessary to cut bushes, trees and lawns daily and carefully, take care of paths and flower beds.

Japanese garden (Japanese garden)

The first records of gardening in Japan date back to the 6th century. In the then capital of Japan, the city of Nara, gardens were laid out on the territory of the emperor's palace using the traditions inherent in the Chinese style. The main elements that were used in the design of the garden are stone and water.

Also, since the 8th century, when Chinese monks brought Buddhism to Japan, the Japanese began to create rock gardens. It was believed that the stones hide statues of the Buddha in themselves, which means they are sacred, whether a statue was carved from a stone or not. Gardens, consisting of stones and sand, were outstanding works of that time. From the 9th to the 12th centuries, a new capital was built - the city of Kyoto, in which Japanese craftsmen embodied the features of their perception of the world in new gardens for wealthy citizens.

Gardens for tea ceremonies allowed enjoying the harmony of wildlife, leading leisurely conversations in the gazebo.

The deep blue sky, the greenery of the lawn, overgrown with moss, as if with delicate skin, the dazzling whiteness of the walls of the house, the cinnabar of flowers on the balcony and the bridge over the artificial stream ... There is nothing superfluous here, harmony is achieved by few means. All the elements of nature are presented on a small plot near the house.

The earth is personified by huge boulders - "mountain ranges", white stone chips of paths, contrasting with green moss. Water is represented by a "mountain" stream, flowing in an arc into a pond. The fire represents the traditional stone lantern "tahi-gaga", installed on a hill next to the source of the stream. Once upon a time in Japan it was customary to put such lanterns in the tombs of saints and in temples, but today they adorn many gardens with their expressive form.

The world of plants in the Japanese garden is represented by bamboo, pine, hosta and heather. A lone pine tree is usually given a sculptural form. To prevent the crown from growing, as in the wild, all branches are periodically cut off. Thanks to this, green “pillows” were obtained, comfortably laid out on pine branches.

Bamboo in the Japanese garden "exists" in several forms: gates and a water tray are made of it, retaining walls of thick trunks are placed on the slope near the pond.

At the entrance gate and along the border of the site, live bamboo is planted. Any, even a weak breeze, sways their thin stems, and he leans over, as if welcoming guests.

The curved path very symbolically intersects with the stream in the very center of the site. Here, a light curved bridge is thrown across the water.

The Japanese believe that when crossing a bridge over an obstacle, a person enters another world and opens up completely new perspectives for himself.














To create a Japanese landscape design style, use the following rules:
. The main rule when creating a Japanese garden is to maintain the contrast between open and closed spaces. Do not strive to fill every piece of soil, harmony in everything is the basis of Japanese culture.
. For the Japanese style of garden design, a pond is an indispensable element. It is desirable that it seems natural - it can be a stream, a pond or a waterfall. Water will add dynamics to the landscape and will perfectly help to escape from the daily routine of a big city. A small bridge can be thrown over the stream, which is often painted red.
. If it is not possible to use water for a Japanese garden, you can create a dry stream bed or a sand lake. Waves painted on the sand will create the illusion of water and help you relax while contemplating them.

Choose the following shrubs and trees for planting: azalea, cherry, camellia, cotoneaster, dwarf spruce and pine, and other small conifers. Crocus, hosta, cyclamen, water lilies, Japanese iris and other similar herbaceous plants will help decorate your garden. Bonsai, bamboo, ferns, moss, curly coniferous bushes, various ornamental herbaceous plants, lawns with grass of low height will add harmony to the Japanese garden.

Stone paths are well suited for decorating a garden. Take hard and rough stones of irregular shape about 30 cm wide and lay out a path through the garden with them. The distance between the stones is 30-45 cm.
. Add Japanese-style landscaping to your garden. You can put a small gazebo in the garden for a tea ceremony, a beautiful lantern made of silk or rice paper with hieroglyphs will look good. You can also put a small Buddha statue.