How to install stairs to the second floor of the house? What types of stairs are there? Stairs to the second floor in a private house: types and secrets of installation Options for arranging stairs in a private house.

The shape and structure depend on the finish inside, the height of the ceilings, the area of ​​​​the room. A march is called one span, according to their number, it is customary to classify all stairs. For private two-story house the most common are one- or two-march climbs.

Spiral staircase

The screw model, or spiral, has a special charm, it looks especially good in houses made in empire, rococo, modern. Its openwork railing evokes associations with a fairy-tale castle. However, in real life this is not very convenient. Spirals were created for small spaces where it was not possible to install a wide passage. may not be safe for young children and the elderly. In the center of it is a support - a wooden or metal pipe, to which a narrow edge is attached.

Spiral steps

To make climbing safe, the width of the central part must be at least 25 cm, and the main wide part must be no more than 40 cm. The smaller the size of the opening in which it is installed, the steeper the steps for it. In modern houses, screw models are used infrequently; they can play an auxiliary role for climbing to the roof or descending to the basement. You can also use the helical design if you need an unusual exit to the . They can also be used as the main ones in houses to create a special atmosphere.

DIY calculations

Classic mid-flight stairs with any features (straight, rectangular, rotary) are used in houses much more often. They have many design ideas, are much safer and fit any design. The marching structure was created for spacious rooms, and in order to carry out its calculation and calculate the dimensions and dimensions, it is necessary to know the height of the ceiling and the length of the floor section. The ideal angle is 45 degrees.

The correct design should take into account the biomechanics of movement, ideally it should have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps (an average of 10-11, if the dimensions allow it). If their number is greater, platforms are made between them, equal in size to the size of the march. The height may vary depending on the type of room in which it is installed.

The marching type can be with or without risers (open and closed types). With them, they all look more massive and solid, they are suitable for spacious rooms,. Models without risers look more modern, their main advantage is that they do not visually burden the space and can even be used in. Open - fit perfectly into any modern design.

Marching models can be:

• straight;
• curved;
• rotary.

The type with a turn occupies a smaller area than a straight one, as a rule, it is installed near the walls. Under it is convenient to have a closet or pantry.

Bolts and railing options

Bolts can be distinguished as a separate category - special fasteners installed along the wall. The steps of this model are held on bolts attached to the wall itself. This is the best solution for modern housing. The advantages of such solutions are that they look very light and weightless, allow lighting to penetrate into all corners of the room. This staircase is best suited for, loft, constructivism. It will also be a real find for small rooms, because the width can be the smallest.

Advice! If the lift with bolts has narrow steps, it is necessary to equip it with railings. With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.

If you liked any photo in a private house, there will be questions about the implementation of such a project on your own. Even when placing an order with a specialized company, process information is useful for close control. Self-manufacturing of structures is more difficult. You will have to learn new skills, learn how to put them into practice. This article has a lot of useful information on this topic. It will help you make the right decisions, save money and time.

Which staircases are installed on the second floor in a private house: photos and design features

Regardless of who exactly will be the builder of such a structure, it is necessary to formulate the correct terms of reference. In accordance with the rules of natural wood, plywood should not consist of more than two marches. This rule should be observed to ensure a good level of fire safety.

Use the following guidelines for sizing:

• Ideally, the width is chosen taking into account the free passage of two people. A permissible minimum of 0.8 m is used when there is only enough free space for mounting a compact screw structure.
• To count the number of steps, a standard step of about 25-33 cm is used. The height of the steps is set from 12 to 18 cm. The minimum value is chosen if elderly people and small children live in the house.
• You can also use a certain angle of inclination of the lift in relation to the horizontal. The optimal value is 42-47°.
• When performing calculations, they take the real floor levels on the first and second floor after. You should also consider the presence of railings.

For your information! If you want to know how to make a staircase with your own hands without mistakes, start by preparing design documentation.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider in detail the design options, the algorithm for their calculation, detailed step-by-step instructions for creating stairs with your own hands and practical recommendations from specialists.

The usual option: stringers and bowstrings

This specific name refers to the supporting elements of a special profile, on which steps are installed.

How to lighten the design

In this example, risers, stringers, and other visible supports have been eliminated. The figure shows that thick steps had to be used to ensure high strength. They are attached to the wall using large dowels. It should not be forgotten that the supporting structure of the building must be designed for the corresponding loads.

The design on the bolts looks easy. These are special fasteners that hold the steps together.

One of the advantages of such structures is the possibility of simple disassembly for repair, replacement of worn-out steps.

Compact metal and wooden stairs in the house to the second floor: photos, technical details

If the structure is made in the form of a spiral, it will fulfill its functions, but it will occupy a small area. Such solutions are used in small rooms where it is necessary to economically manage the available space.

What are the advantages of stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: the correct use of other materials

Positive characteristics, disadvantages, rules for the use of various materials should be considered separately.

Even without a detailed study of the design documentation, it is clear that such a design is not complicated. It is not too difficult to create such a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. Balusters, posts and handrails can be ordered from the carpentry shop. Steps of simple shape and bowstrings with slots are not too difficult to make without help. The assembly is also not accompanied by great difficulties.

Wood is easy to process. This material is covered with a transparent varnish in order to preserve for viewing the unique patterns created by nature itself. Products made from this material are lightweight. They are well in line with modern trends, in which ecological cleanliness and naturalness are highly valued.

Important! It should be remembered that wood parts are damaged by temperature changes, humidity, mold and other harmful effects of biological origin. They must be protected by impregnations, special surface layers.

Such structures are suitable for outdoor installation. However, in this case, it is necessary to create a layer of paint, perform other anti-corrosion treatment to extend the service life.

Glass products do not rust. Cracks do not form in them, as you do a tree, when the humidity and temperature regime changes. They do not burn, retain integrity and excellent appearance for a long period of use. They can be cleaned of dirt with strong detergents.

Such reliable structures are designed for increased loads. But they themselves weigh a lot, so the appropriate tolerances for a particular building should be taken into account in the calculation.

Overview of designs, taking into account style, purpose

The following photos of stairs to the second floor in a private house show examples of the use of different details. With their help, certain aesthetic and technical characteristics are created.

The elements of this lightweight construction are prefabricated. You should not apply such solutions without professional experience, engineering skills. To fix such parts in the walls, large ones are used.

The exact calculation of the metal frame allows each step to withstand the weight of an adult without damage. You should not install a ladder without in a house where small children, the elderly live.

It is more difficult to work with this material, so complex parts are ordered at specialized enterprises. For assembly using bolted connections, special skills are not required. It is more difficult to make a quality connection if you have to use a welding machine.

It is also better to entrust the creation of such a metal staircase to the second floor to professionals.

It should be noted that in some of the options, usability is questionable. Designers show excessive imagination, forgetting about the direct functional purpose of products. In other cases, the level of comfort is reduced by the cramped conditions of a narrow aisle. Below are photos of several practical solutions.

How to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases: photos, expert recommendations

To ensure safety during the operation of flights of stairs, it is necessary to ensure their sufficient visibility. Best suited for solving such problems. These compact devices can be built discreetly into structural elements. Their durability, low power consumption, resistance to power surges and other external influences will appeal to prudent owners.

General conclusion

You can create a staircase to the second floor yourself, or purchase a finished product. These structures use different materials, methods of exterior decoration. They are equipped with manual lighting, or. In any case, the following factors must be taken into account:

• with an estimate and a list of necessary purchases will help optimize costs.
• Stairs must match the overall style of the room and purpose.
• The features of future operation should be studied and a sufficient level of comfort (safety) for all users should be ensured.

The materials of this article will help you make the right decision when determining the exact parameters of complex and simple structures of this class.

In the event that your country house or apartment has a second floor, then the need to place stairs is an obvious fact. The only question is this. How to properly equip and design the structure so that the beauty of the stairs is in no way inferior to its practicality, reliability and safety. Well, the fact that you have landed on our page indicates that you are moving in the right direction. Now you can be sure that your staircase in a private house will be the best of the best.

Wooden stairs to the second floor

From the existing huge number of different designs, choosing exactly the staircase that best suits your interior is not an easy task. After all, here it is necessary to take into account many factors that affect the visual perception of the interior. An important role in obtaining a positive result is played not so much by the form of the structure (although this is very important), but by the correct selection of which it will be made.

In Russia today, wood holds the palm among the most popular types of materials. And absolutely deserved. Indeed, in addition to environmental benefits, solid wood products have a number of other properties and qualities that distinguish it from the general mass.

Wooden stairs are able to withstand heavy loads, while over time they do not deform and do not lose their attractiveness. The maximum that will need to be done is to update the paintwork in a couple of years.

The staircase is a significant part of the interior, so its design should be given due attention.

A staircase in a private house is not only an auxiliary structure that helps to get to the second floor, but also a special element that complements the overall picture of the interior.

When choosing a suitable project, it is important to take into account the parameters of the room itself, whether the staircase is suitable in size, and whether it will violate the overall style of the house. Therefore, it is important to approach this issue with all responsibility.

In a cozy country house, the staircase will be in harmony with, wooden and second light. And the surrounding interior will help decorate comfortable, upholstered furniture with a small coffee table in the center.

Staircase in a private house on a metal frame

Another very popular type of construction that connects the floors of a house is a metal-framed staircase. The reliability and strength of the metal does not need advertising, but not everyone knows the information about the finishing materials with which it is best combined. We will talk about this now.

The use of bare metal is of course also acceptable, but not everyone will be pleased to walk on it, especially when the house is cool. Therefore, it is best to use a combined version of the manufacture of a staircase structure, the frame is metal, the steps are wood, glass or artificial marble.

Most often, two types of stairs are used:

1. Marching - consist of the same length of marching spans and a platform separating them;
2. Spiral (screw) - in the classic version, this is a staircase with a projection contour in the shape of a circle.

Stairs with transparent safety glass railings look lighter and more airy. They are best suited to high-tech interior style.

Their elegant and sophisticated appearance will always draw attention to themselves. Glass can also be combined with panels of various types of wood. The combination will look most interesting with such species as teak, oak, cedar, beech and maple.

Glass stairs for a country house (photo)

Despite the fact that glass stairs have a design that is not quite familiar to the home, today the popularity of these designs is quite high. Their elegant design will be appropriate for any interior design, and the specially tempered impact-resistant glass from which the steps and railings are made makes the structure absolutely safe for home use.

But there is no limit to the perfection of beauty, and today's manufacturers offer glass stairs, with neon lighting on each step. In the evening, this spectacle looks truly magical and bewitching.

The variety of shapes and types of designs make it possible to make the style of your interior unique and inimitable. And with the help of various lighting fixtures and other decorative elements, your staircase can be turned into a real work of art.

Spiral staircases to the second floor (photo)

A spiral staircase in a private house is mainly used if there is not enough free space to equip an ordinary mid-flight staircase. The structure consists of steps fixed on the central pillar of the base and a protective fence in the form of railings and handrails of various shapes.

The spiral staircase has incredible appeal and beauty. Its smooth lines and curves create the perfect shape to suit most interiors. It looks especially great in spacious living rooms in Art Nouveau, Provence, Eco and Country style.

Due to its mobility and compactness, you can use the screw almost anywhere. This may be a hallway and even with. They are also often installed between the last floor and the attic.

Among the advantages of a spiral staircase are the following:

• Small size - minimum requirements for free space;
• Acceptable cost - when compared with a mid-flight staircase, the cost of a spiral staircase is significantly lower;
• The visual effect of increasing the height of the floor, especially relevant for rooms with low ceilings;
• A huge variety of shapes and designs, allowing you to create a unique interior at home.

A spiral staircase in a private house also has its drawbacks:

• Operation - in fairness, one should recognize the fact that using a spiral design is much less convenient than a marching one. In the event that you need to lift something dimensional upstairs, you may encounter great difficulties;
• Manufacturing - in order to properly design a spiral staircase, the most accurate calculations and extensive experience are required;
• Safety - for people with a weak vestibular apparatus, it will be quite difficult to climb to a great height.

The material for the manufacture of spiral stairs can be wood, metal, concrete, marble and even glass. Based on this, decorative elements for the design are selected. A spiral staircase in a private house is perfectly combined with hanging railings, which are made of metal in the form of peculiar threads stretching from the ceiling.

Depending on the style of the interior, one or another material is selected. Metal will be appropriate in classic minimalism and in unpredictable baroque. Glass looks amazing in modern and Scandinavian style interiors. Concrete or marble will be a wonderful decoration that will emphasize the character of the loft, art deco or eclectic style.

The absence of walls in the interior of the loft style indicates that the staircase will be open for viewing. Therefore, its design should be thought out to the smallest detail, since it is she who will set the main tone of the interior, emphasizing its exceptional masculine character.

Wood, glass and metal are the main materials for the manufacture of stairs, characteristic of this style. Here, both screw and marching types of structures are applicable, but the latter is still more common. Transparent glass, with openwork steps and wrought iron railings allow you to simultaneously harmoniously combine massiveness and lightness. But for more restrained interiors, a solid wood is better suited, which makes the structure look more luxurious.

Design Tricks

Very often, a metal staircase is covered with dark paint, or patina is used to get the effect of a copper surface. This technique allows you to create the illusion that the design has been used for a long time. Such stairs look very interesting, besides, they create a feeling of habitable space.

To make your interior as close to the loft style as possible, part of the walls should be decorated with artificial stone. Also, parquet or parquet, which are quite simple, can serve as a decoration for walls and ceilings. The pronounced wood texture on the facades of the walls will bring the missing warmth and tranquility into the interior.

Modern staircase design that can surprise

The staircase in a private house, which has an original design, will turn your interior into a true work of art. A whimsical architectural design in a futuristic and modern style, with beautiful railings made from a variety of materials, will create a truly unique structure that will be the focus of your unique interior.

Noble metal, chrome steel, lacquered steps, clear glass - this is a small list of materials that will emphasize that your stairs belong to the above styles.

Modern style does not accept the presence of a large number of different accessories that distract too much attention. The overall picture must strictly comply with the general rules of the interior. The color scheme is selected carefully, according to the preferences of the owners of the household.

Concrete stairs to the second floor

What can be more reliable and better than concrete? That's right, only even more reliable and high quality. This is an incredibly durable and strong material from which you can make truly stunning designs, mid-flight and spiral staircases, enchanting with their unearthly beauty. The uniqueness of the material allows you to use and combine it with almost any finishing materials, be it stone or glass.

In order for the appearance of the structure to be admirable, the railings and steps must have an impeccable appearance that can satisfy even the most sophisticated connoisseur of beauty. However, chasing beauty, it is important not to forget about the main functional purpose of the staircase structure - it is a safe, convenient ascent and descent for a person.

One of the most important principles for choosing the right design for a staircase is the harmonious combination of its shades with the rest of the interior. The staircase in a private house should be perfectly combined with the general landscape and have common features with it.

Gray is the color of sophistication and sophistication

We hope you were able to make sure that the world of stairs is simply huge. In it everyone can find something suitable, both for themselves and for their friends.

By following the basic rules, you can choose for yourself exactly the ladder that you have been dreaming about for so long.

Regardless of what material the staircase in a private house will be built from, it must be reliable and comfortable.

To achieve this, you must first understand its design features and take into account all the little things.

From our article, site users will learn:

• What stairs can be called comfortable;
• What are their types of devices;
• What is a bowstring, baluster, stringer, tread, riser;
• Where does the calculation of the stairs begin;
• What features should be taken into account when installing in a wooden house;
• What you need to know about a monolithic staircase.

Design features of stairs

When designing a structure, the following factors should be considered:

• design of the house and premises;
• free space allotted under the stairs;

It is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the opening of the second (third) floor, the height of the ceilings, the thickness of the ceilings.

• the material from which the house is built, as well as the walls, ceilings and floors.

In pursuit of design frills, developers can forget about the main purpose of this device - to provide a comfortable and safe ascent and descent.

Therefore, it is necessary to think in advance:

• where and how the stairs will be placed;
• the material from which it is made;
• how much space does it occupy in the house.

Worst of all, if you have to “fit” the stairs into an already built house: you often have to compromise between functionality and convenience. The result is a structure that is uncomfortable and unsafe to walk on.

If the calculation was started at the design stage of the house, it becomes possible to virtually move the walls, change the location of the rooms, change the location of the door and window openings and, thereby, subsequently install the stairs in the house as efficiently as possible.

It is best to position the staircase so that it connects several rooms at the same time, and does not go into a corner or into an enclosed home space.

When designing, remember that:

1. For the convenience of walking up the stairs, the angle of its inclination should not exceed 45 degrees.
2. If it is installed in the hall, then you should consider in advance the size of the opening in the concrete floor, and in the case of a wooden house, the location of the support and load-bearing beams.
3. If for some reason the design of the stairs is postponed to later stages of construction, then the minimum dimensions of the opening will be:

• opening width - 1 meter.
• opening length - ceiling height + second floor ceiling thickness.

Floor beams in a house or a small country house must be run along, and not across, the intended stairwell!

Vit1959:

– Before proceeding with the calculation of the stairs, first of all, you need to imagine how it will look like in finished form, and understand whether its carved railings will fit into the simple interior of the house.

To make the design as convenient as possible, before calculating it, you should find out:

• height from the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor;
• the length of the staircase;
• the width of the staircase;
• overlap thickness;
• direction of movement;
• material, because there are a number of moments when it determines the final design of the stairs.

Essential elements

Stairs for a private house are not only a necessity, but also beauty and attractiveness. Such stairs can be of different types, the choice depends on the size of the room, design, wishes of the owners of the household. You can install designs from different materials. This article will help you learn about the types of staircase designs for the home, when one type or another is preferable, what are the differences, what requirements are put forward for the safety of stairs, what parts the stairs consist of.

There are many types of stairs. The subdivision depends on the purpose, functionality and other criteria. Knowledge of the main types of stairs will allow during construction or home improvement to make a choice in favor of one or another type.

Stair types

1. By appointment:
   • interfloor,
   • input,
   • checkpoints,
   • workers;
2. By functionality:
   • landscape,
   • brownies,
   • special;
3. By relative position:
   • outdoor,
   • internal;
4. By layout:
   • rotary,
   • straight;
5. According to the way of functioning:
   • transformable,
   • stationary,
   • portable;
6. By design:
   • single-march,
   • two-march,
   • multi-march;
7. According to the material of the bearing parts:
   • metal,
   • reinforced concrete,
   • wooden,
   • concrete,
   • combined.

As you can see, there are a lot of types of stairs. Now let's choose from this variety exactly those stairs that are suitable for the house. First, let's talk about the constituent elements (details) of stairs.

The main elements of stairs

The main details of the stairs are the steps and the supports that support them. Beams that support steps from the ends and from the bottom at the same time are called bowstrings. Beams that support steps from below are called stringers. If the steps are based on 3 stringers, then the middle instance will be called the intermediate one.

Steps consist of a tread, that is, a horizontal surface and a riser, a vertical part. The design of the stairs may not contain risers, which are an additional support for the steps.

riser

stair step

Stringer stairs

String of stairs

Supporting elements are also bolts and racks. Bolts are special bolts that are mounted in the wall. Stair steps are attached to the bolts. The rack is the main load-bearing element in a spiral staircase.

Boltsy

spiral staircase post

The assembled steps and beams are called a flight of stairs, it serves to climb from one level to another. If the design of the stairs is more complex, then it also contains landings, which we talked about above.

Another of the important details of stairs, although not always used, are railings, handrails or fences, as well as sheathing and finishing details. There may be additional enclosing parts in the form of rods, metal racks, handrails, and so on.

Stair railing

Railings can be supported in the form of balusters. These are such vertical elements of stairs, which are racks, they are also an ornament. They are made of cast iron, bronze, wood, marble, brass or other materials.

Baluster for stairs

Types of stairs for the home and their features

Stairs for the house can be divided into three main types:

1. Spiral or screw.
2. Marching.
3. Bolts stairs.

Let's now look at them in more detail.

Spiral or spiral stairs

Spiral stairs

They are suitable for rooms where there is little space for conventional straight stairs. Calculating the size of the space is easy. This will depend on the size of the steps. On average, the length of each step of the spiral staircase is 50-100 cm. And the space required for such a design is at least twice as much. That is, 100-200 cm. Such designs are not very convenient, but take up less space. Suitable as auxiliary, allowing you to go down or up to the basement or attic. They can be of various shapes: octagonal, square, round, and so on.

Square spiral staircase

Octagonal spiral staircase

They are usually made from wood or metal. Steps in the form of wedges are attached around a rack or pole. Usually the rack is made of metal, it is a pipe. The narrow side of the steps are attached to the pillar, and the wide side is in contact with the wall or balusters. Usually there are no risers, the steps are attached to the railing post with the wide side.

Spiral staircase without risers

Important points about spiral staircases:

• To make it convenient and safe to climb such a ladder, the central width of the steps is made no less than 20-25 cm. The widest part should be no more than 40 cm.
• Basically, the materials for the manufacture of spiral staircases are wood or metal.
• Stairs can be placed both at the bearing wall and in the middle of the room. They take up little space, but still install them less often than straight ones. It depends on the convenience, since it is very difficult to go down the screw copy, you need to be careful and attentive while doing this.
• Basically, these stairs are auxiliary. They are good when the mounting opening is small. But there are specimens with a diameter of more than 3 meters, of course, this is a rarity, an experienced master always uses such an opening for a marching staircase.
• It must be borne in mind that the smaller the opening, the steeper the staircase.

Marching stairs

marching stairs

This design is the most common. It is very convenient to go down and up along it, since the biomechanics of movements are taken into account. Such stairs are ideal in rooms where there is enough space. The size of such a staircase and the required dimensions of the space can usually be calculated as follows: measure the height of the wall where the staircase will pass, and the length of the floor. Then a right triangle is drawn, where the legs will be the wall and the floor, and the hypotenuse will be the stairs. The ideal staircase angle is 45 degrees.

Scheme for calculating the dimensions of a marching staircase

Important points about mid-flight stairs:

There are various types of marching stairs: closed flight stairs and open ones. Closed ones suggest the presence of steps with risers, open - when there are no risers.

Staircase without risers

Marching staircase with risers

M arched stairs differ in design. There are with stringers, but there are with strings. These are types of fastening of stairs.

The kosour design assumes such an arrangement of steps, in which they are, as it were, laid in the so-called "saddles". Steps are laid on top of the stringer beam, and risers are mounted from the end. The beam has a sawtooth shape. Stairs of this type are not as popular as bowstring ones, they look perfect if they are made of wood. Stringer structures are good in rooms where country style is maintained, for example.

Marching stairs on kosoura

Ladder stringers

1. stringer sawtooth beam,
2. tread,
3. riser.

Bowstrings, that is, inclined load-bearing beams, run along the entire length of the marches, they are the basis, the supporting part of the structure. Basically, overall stairs are bowstring (their width can be 2 meters or more). The end fragments of the marches are closed with the so-called bowstring. Here the steps are fixed in wide gaps (grooves) that are inside the supporting beams. The thickness of the beams must be greater than 6 cm.

Marching ladder on bowstrings

Ladder string

1. string beams
2. tread.

Stairs can be single-flight, double-flight or multi-flight. The number of marches depends on the layout and number of floors in the house, as well as the purpose of the premises.

One-flight ladder

Double flight staircase

Multi-flight staircase

In addition, conditionally stairs are subdivided for swivel And straight.

Straight lines are the easiest. Their characteristics are convenience, durability, ease of manufacture.

Straight staircase

If there are more than 10 steps, then the march must be divided into two parts and a platform should be installed. A staircase with an intermediate platform will be called a turntable. In order to save space, the gaps are replaced with steps, called running ones, for such structures the outer edge is wider than the inner one.

winder steps

Turning stairs take up less space than straight stairs, having the same step height. Usually rotary structures are installed along the walls, and under them it is good to place a pantry or utility room.

Rotary flight ladder

Rotary mid-flight stairs are also divided into types.

These are curvilinear, the width of the narrow end of which should be no less than 10 cm. This is their feature. There are curved stairs. It is inconvenient to go up and down stairs with winder steps, the legs do not feel the necessary support.

Curved stairway

Also, turning stairs are semi-turn, circular, quarter-turn. The angle of rotation of the latter type is 90 degrees, they are usually mounted along two adjacent walls.

Quarter-turn staircase

The angle of rotation of a half-turn is 180 degrees.

Half-turn flight ladder

And for circular this parameter is 360 degrees.

Circular flight staircase

Bolts stairs

Bolts ladder

Stairs on the bolts got their name from the German word, which in translation means a pin or bolt. That is, a fastener with which you can attach a ladder. Steps and a fence of this design are mounted to the wall with the help of bolts. Or the ladder lies on special steel supports in the form of rods. Such an instance is good in rooms where compactness, weightlessness and lightness of design are needed.

Bolts ladder 2

Steps are fixed exclusively to the wall with bolts. That is, on one side of the stairs there must be a wall. Such designs are very popular and are becoming more widespread. They seem light and weightless from the outside. But this is, of course, not true. Such ladders are very reliable and durable, one step can withstand a load weighing more than 1500 kg.

Fixing ladders on bolts

Important points of stairs on the rails:

• Bolts are fastened with special rubber gaskets. Such a staircase is attractive, "airy", allows maximum light to penetrate into the room.
• For stairs on the bolts, the presence of stringers or bowstrings is not typical, they are characterized by graceful curved railings.

Railing stairs on the rails

Materials for the manufacture of stairs

Stairs can be made from various materials. Steps made of wood, concrete, plastic, marble, metal, granite, glass are no longer surprising, in the conditions of diversity it is difficult to make the right choice. It is necessary to pay attention to the durability of the materials from which the ladder is made. The material from which the steps are made is important, because they receive most of the load. They must be resistant to abrasion, not susceptible to footprints, mechanical stress, the least sensitive to temperature fluctuations, sunlight, humidity. It is also important that household chemicals, other substances, dirt do not have an impact on the steps, they must be environmentally friendly and easy to maintain.

Steps can be made from the following materials:

stone steps

• Wood. The most durable wood is mahogany, teak, dussie, wenge, walnut, ash, cabreuva, mutenia. These rocks are resistant to atmospheric phenomena, excessive moisture, they are hard, do not perceive mechanical damage. Maple, oak, beech are also resistant to mechanical stress, hardwoods. But oak can leave light traces of oil, it is very susceptible to it. Beech can be deformed, susceptible to moisture. Maple may turn yellow, prone to cracking.

Pine can be called the most unsuitable material for stairs, as it is soft and very susceptible to any mechanical stress. Cherry and pear have medium strength characteristics, are resistant to impacts. Larch does not rot, stronger than pine.

wooden steps

• Glass. Stairs require laminated or tempered glass. But when hitting the butt, such steps can be damaged, prone to scratches. Lighter and stronger acrylic glass. But over time it may turn yellow, it is easy to put scratches on it.

glass steps

How to choose a ladder

What should you first of all pay attention to in order to choose and order the right ladder from the manufacturer?

The following criteria are important:

• It is important to contact the manufacturer of stairs at the stage of designing a house. At this stage, specialists will have to recommend the openings necessary for the stairs.
• You need to immediately choose the design of the stairs. Will it be a spiral, mid-flight or ladder on the rails. Marching is very convenient, but it needs a lot of space. The spiral staircase is beautiful, economical in terms of space, but very inconvenient when going up and down. The ladder on the bolts is both aesthetic and convenient. The choice can be made by reading the description of the types of stairs, which is given in the article above.
• The stairs should be comfortable. The most convenient and safe stairs are marching specimens with platforms, as well as straight marching structures, where there are no more than 18 steps. In second place are stairs on the rails and marches with winder steps. And the honorable third place is rightfully occupied by spiral staircases.
• Pay attention to stairwells. Each opening is an individual solution, it depends on the design of the stairs and the configuration. Engineers usually recommend the following parameters, but we must remember that this is a purely individual criterion and each room should have its own approach: if the march is straight, then the opening should be 1.2 by 3.7 m; if the configuration is L-shaped, then the opening size is 3.1 by 1.3 m. For a U-shaped structure, an opening of 2 by 2.5 m is recommended. The main spiral staircase can have an opening equal to 2.2 by 2.2 m ( d 200 - 210 cm); and the auxiliary - 1.5 by 1.5 m (d 140 cm).
• The experience of the manufacturer of stairs, positive feedback from previous customers is important.
• One of the important points to pay special attention to is ladder safety. That is, there must be a certain ratio of the width of the tread and the height of the rise, the method of installing the last and first steps, which are the most dangerous places in the structure, is important. For the safety of babies, the distance between the railings of the fence or posts should be no more than 15 cm.
• If the stairs do not pass between two walls, then there must be railings. The height of the fences should not exceed 85 cm. The width of the steps is recommended from 25 to 30 cm.
• Another point of safety is the bearing capacity of the stairs. That is, it must withstand certain loads. For public buildings, this is no less than 400 kg per 1 square meter of steps, and for residential premises this parameter is 300 kg per 1 square meter.
• For safety reasons, the steps must be non-slip, without inclination. Railings should be suitable for any height. All this is laid at the stage of designing stairs. Safety depends not only on the manufacturer, who must comply with all rules and regulations, but also on the installers.
• First, the stairs are very carefully fixed on the second floor or on the platform between the floors. The length of the stairs must match the height of the floor. Railings are installed on the second floor. For these purposes, reliable fasteners are needed. As a result, the staircase must be strong, the railing must be tight and secure.
• The angle of elevation should not exceed 45 degrees. The best option is 35-40 degrees. The width of the marches should be no less than 80 cm, it is best if it is from 90 to 120 cm.
• The size of the opening in the interfloor ceilings is recommended for single-flight straight stairs with a minimum size of 100 by 250 cm. For spiral staircases that have a central post, the minimum opening diameter is 170 cm, and for U-shaped stairs - 210 by 250 cm.
• It is recommended to break the rise into several parts with rest areas or with winder steps on the turns. This will be a security guarantee. The material from which the steps and the whole structure are made is also important. It must be incombustible. For these purposes, for example, a tree is treated with special compounds.

  When installing stairs, it is important not to neglect the engineering requirements for the method of fastening structures and not to choose decorative specimens to the detriment of the necessary functions.

• Stairs are always designed for a specific house, all its features are taken into account. The height of the lifting step is recommended from 15 to 19 cm, and the desired and safe height of the handrails is 90-95 cm.

Preparation for installation and installation of stairs

Staircase for a private house

Installation of stairs can be divided into stages. Before installation is carried out, a number of important steps must be taken:

1. The place where the stairs will be located is determined.
2. The type of stairs, the number of steps, height and width, the angle of inclination of the structure, design, and the material from which the stairs will be built are selected.
3. Installation is carried out after completion of construction and finishing works, both external and internal. Stairs should be included in the design of the house. The specialist must determine the place for it, leaving the necessary opening, calculate where the beams will be located, what supports will be.
4. The size of the stairway is important, as discussed in the article above.
5. All safety measures (fences) are taken into account.
6. It is important to think over the strengthening of the stairs, choosing the most optimal for this room. When the wall is far away, the ladder is fixed both from below and from above. If the elements of the stairs are held on wooden dowels, the structure will creak and loosen. Therefore, only metal fasteners are needed.
7. After that, you can proceed to the installation of stairs. It is best to entrust this work to experienced professionals.

Staircase for a private house from metal

When choosing stairs, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the house, its design, so that the design fits perfectly into the room, be its stylish addition and at the same time be safe.