How stairs are made in private houses. Production of interfloor stairs for cottages: construction nuances and beautiful examples

Interfloor staircase necessary to connect the premises of a house that has several levels. It should be durable, safe and comfortable. In addition, the staircase is the most important element of interior design, it cannot be hidden or disguised.

The location, configuration and design of the stairs in scrap should be considered at the very beginning of the design, because the layout of the building often depends on this. Taking into account the features of this element, the halls of the floors and the entrances to the rooms are located. The free zone in front of the stairs and around it, the convenient location of the “start” of the stairs and its “finish”, the lighting of the rise are the most important conditions for comfort and harmony of the interior. In addition, the safety of the stairs is directly related to its convenience.

Rules for the construction of stairs in the house

When designing a house, take into account the required size of the opening for the stairs in the ceiling between floors and the way it is supported. Concrete, marble or glass construction can weigh up to 2 tons, so you need to take into account the additional load on the ceiling.

concrete stairs- a constructive component of the house, and they are erected at the construction stage. In a small building, they are usually built in between the main walls that limit the staircase space.

Light stairs- wooden, metal - mounted at the final stage of finishing work. They can be turned into a spectacular element of the interior, placed anywhere in the house, made completely open.

When designing a staircase, the owner often has to choose between its convenience and the useful area of ​​​​the house. Only a specialist can create a convenient, economical and safe design. The size of the opening in the ceiling of the second floor depends on the shape of the stairs and the height of the floor. For the most economical, single-march structures, an opening of at least 100 x 250 cm is required, for screw structures, the minimum opening diameter is 120 cm.

Spacious hall - the best place for stairs

But you should always remember about the convenience and safety of the stairs. They will be provided:

• the correct ratio of parameters: the angle of ascent and descent, the width of the passage on the stairs, turning sections;
• sufficient free space above the head of a climbing person - at least 2 m;
• reliable fencing of stairs and landing;
• sufficient lighting is better, natural, and if this is not possible, it is desirable to provide bright staircase halls.

Staircase at the door provides maximum autonomy of the second floor

The location of the stairs in the house

It is better to place the stairs closer to the geometric center of the house in order to save on the length of communications. It is necessary to provide a convenient approach to it, and around - free space so that two people can pass each other. Most often, the stairs are located in the hall or hallway - this ensures the autonomy of the premises and allows you to climb to the second floor directly from the entrance to the house. Sometimes a staircase is placed in the living room and this multi-level design serves as a decoration for the room. The hall of the second floor can be made in the form of a gallery, open to the living room or hallway.

The staircase is located in the living room so that it does not disturb the comfort

Spiral staircase with gallery

This type of staircase is often located in the living room. It is less convenient for climbing than marching, and involves limited use, for example, leads to a mezzanine.

Spiral staircase with gallery

Staircase in the hall

The staircase in the hall is convenient because it connects special communication rooms and ensures the autonomy of all rooms. Under it, you can arrange utility rooms.

Staircase in the hall

Staircase in the living room

The staircase located in the living room always attracts attention. It must have an expressive design. But for her, you will have to sacrifice free space and peace in the common room.

Staircase in the living room

Stair elements

The staircase consists of a supporting structure, steps and railings. The design must be strong, and it can rely on walls or ceilings. The convenience of the stairs depends on the angle of ascent and is related to the ratio of the height and width of the steps (they are calculated based on the average step of a person). The fence consists of railings and filling between them and the steps. First of all, the strength and height of the fence are important, and secondly, its decorative effect.

Wide first steps invite you to start climbing and provide turn

Stair terminology

Flight of stairs- rise with a certain number of steps (preferably no more than 17) between landings or from the floor of one floor to the floor of another. The optimal slope of the march is 30-40 °, but not more than 45 °, and its optimal width for a private house is 80-90 cm.

Landing- a horizontal platform between marches, the width and length of which is not less than that of the march. Usually used to turn the stairs 90-180°.

tread- the width of the step, commensurate with the human foot. Usually 25-30 cm, but not less than 22 cm.

riser- step height. The optimal height is 15-18 cm, but not more than 20 cm. The height of all steps should be the same.

winder steps- steps narrowing towards the inside and widening towards the outer edge of the stairs. Used to turn it around. The width of the winder step in the center must be at least 22 cm. Stairs consisting only of winder steps are called spiral.

Balusters- staircase fencing elements: vertical columns located between the steps and the railing and limiting the staircase, platform, gallery. They provide security and decorate the stairs. The distance between the balusters should not exceed 10 cm, and the height of the fence with railings should be 96-98 cm, but not less than 90 cm.

Boltsy- elements of the supporting structure of the stairs: bolts mounted in the wall, on which the stair step is attached.

Kosour- an element of the supporting structure of the stairs: an inclined beam (or a pair of beams) to which the steps are attached. It is made of wood, metal, concrete and rests on the floors of the floors.

From the landing, as from a balcony, it's nice to glance at the living room

Types and configurations of stairs

The configuration of the stairs depends on the floor plan, the area allotted for this element, the style of the interior, the design and the material. With the correct calculation of the parameters, any configuration of the stairs will be convenient. At the same time, the greater the number of marches and the slope of the structure, the more space it will take, but it will be safer, more presentable and easier to lift.

Staircase in a minimalist style

Original, but descent along such a "cascade" will require caution

A staircase with winder steps is shorter than a two-flight one. A screw takes up less space than others, but it is difficult to walk on it, so it is better not to use it as the main one.

Unusually shaped staircase does not require additional decorations

Configuration and area of ​​the 0.9 m wide staircase with a floor height of 2.75 m (17 steps)

1. Single-flight straight (3.78 m²) 2. Double-flight straight with an intermediate platform (4.59 m²) 3. Double-flight L-shaped (4.59 m²) 4. Double-flight U-shaped with an intermediate platform (5.61 m²) 5. Three-flight with two platforms (5.51 m²)

6. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 90° (4.23 m²) 7. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 180° (4.32 m²) 8. Single flight with winder steps and turn by 180° (3.75 m²) ) 9. Single flight only with winders and 180° turn (3.54 m²)

10. Spiral staircases (3.14 m²) and (2.54 m²)

Convenient staircase: the ratio of the sizes of the steps

About the safety of stairs

The staircase must be designed by a specialist. You should pay special attention to its safety and do not neglect the following rules:

• starting from a height of 1 m, flights of stairs, landings and galleries must have a fence with a height of at least 90 cm;
• gaps between the elements of the fence should not be more than 10 cm in width or diameter;
• railings should be shaped to fit comfortably in the hand;
• all steps must be the same height;
• steps should not slip;
• on the upper platform to the stairs it is necessary to provide free access from all rooms.

Classic, well-defined spiral staircase

Smooth turn along the entire length - both beautiful and comfortable

The simpler the shape and the fewer turns the staircase has, the more convenient it is.

Elegant and comfortable, but better when the railing is on the right

Classic straight staircase with comfortable handrail along the wall

Stair materials

The load-bearing structures of the stairs are made of wood, metal, glass and concrete. Ceramics, stone and mosaics are used as finishing materials. When finishing steps, take into account that they must resist abrasion. If the steps are lined with slippery material, rough strips are applied to the plane of the treads or a carpet is laid. The railing and cladding of the stairs will be coordinated with the interior design. Wooden stairs are the most popular: they are suitable for interiors of any style, while steel and glass are attributes of a modern setting.

Wooden stairs are especially in demand in private homes, they are diverse, durable, environmentally friendly and beautiful. For the construction use solid wood or glued wood

Wooden stairs are traditionally decorated with carved balusters and railings, as well as wooden sculptures. Forged railings and railings, as well as glass elements, make the design of any material spectacular. For staircase design, an entrance platform with several initial steps is important. It can be oval, with unusually designed railings.

Glass stairs are made of triplex (several layers of tempered glass), metal is used for a non-existent structure. Glass stairs can have a complex spatial configuration and are spectacular. Fences are made of triplex, steel, brass

Metal stairs are made from metal profiles, pipes, reinforcing steel and steel sheets. They allow you to give the structure any configuration.

Concrete stairs can be prefabricated or monolithic. Concrete allows you to create representative staircases of complex, plastic, curved shapes. The surface of the stairs is faced with stone, mosaic, ceramics. Fences are made of stone, wrought iron, steel, less often - wood

Stair lighting

If the ladder is dark or improperly lit, it is dangerous to use it. The more complex the shape of the structure and the longer it is, the more carefully you need to pay attention to the lighting of flights of stairs and approaches to them.

It is desirable to achieve natural light on the stairs

Artificial light, first of all, should illuminate the steps well. Their night illumination is both convenient and effective. The light finish of the walls surrounding the stairs will also make the space lighter and more comfortable.

Step lighting is one of the practical solutions to the problem of safety.

The shape and structure depend on the finish inside, the height of the ceilings, the area of ​​​​the room. A march is called one span, according to their number, it is customary to classify all stairs. For private two-story house the most common are one- or two-march climbs.

Spiral staircase

The screw model, or spiral, has a special charm, it looks especially good in houses made in empire, rococo, modern. Its openwork railing evokes associations with a fairy-tale castle. However, in real life this is not very convenient. Spirals were created for small spaces where it was not possible to install a wide passage. may not be safe for young children and the elderly. In the center of it is a support - a wooden or metal pipe, to which a narrow edge is attached.

Spiral steps

To make climbing safe, the width of the central part must be at least 25 cm, and the main wide part must be no more than 40 cm. The smaller the size of the opening in which it is installed, the steeper the steps for it. In modern houses, screw models are used infrequently; they can play an auxiliary role for climbing to the roof or descending to the basement. You can also use the helical design if you need an unusual exit to the . They can also be used as the main ones in houses to create a special atmosphere.

DIY calculations

Classic mid-flight stairs with any features (straight, rectangular, rotary) are used in houses much more often. They have many design ideas, are much safer and fit any design. The marching structure was created for spacious rooms, and in order to carry out its calculation and calculate the dimensions and dimensions, it is necessary to know the height of the ceiling and the length of the floor section. The ideal angle is 45 degrees.

The correct design should take into account the biomechanics of movement, ideally it should have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps (an average of 10-11, if the dimensions allow it). If their number is greater, platforms are made between them, equal in size to the size of the march. The height may vary depending on the type of room in which it is installed.

The marching type can be with or without risers (open and closed types). With them, they all look more massive and solid, they are suitable for spacious rooms,. Models without risers look more modern, their main advantage is that they do not visually burden the space and can even be used in. Open - fit perfectly into any modern design.

Marching models can be:

• straight;
• curved;
• rotary.

The type with a turn occupies a smaller area than a straight one, as a rule, it is installed near the walls. Under it is convenient to have a closet or pantry.

Bolts and railing options

Bolts can be distinguished as a separate category - special fasteners installed along the wall. The steps of this model are held on bolts attached to the wall itself. This is the best solution for modern housing. The advantages of such solutions are that they look very light and weightless, allow lighting to penetrate into all corners of the room. This staircase is best suited for, loft, constructivism. It will also be a real find for small rooms, because the width can be the smallest.

Advice! If the lift with bolts has narrow steps, it is necessary to equip it with railings. With wide and safe passages, you can do without railings at all, which will make the environment even more airy.

Recently, the construction of a country house is very often not limited to one floor. In order to expand the space, a second one is being built or an attic room is being insulated and brought into a condition suitable for comfortable living. And this means that one cannot do without a staircase in the interior of the first floor.

Do-it-yourself stairs to the second floor can be assembled from a ready-made kit, which can be purchased from companies specialized in the development and manufacture of this interior functional element. In the proposed catalogs, you can choose a staircase that fits perfectly into the environment of both floors, and will be convenient and safe for all family members to climb and descend.

You can try and build a staircase yourself, but in this case it is necessary to produce it, since if the design is not well thought out, a familiar element of the house for everyone may well become a traumatic “simulator”.

In addition, you need to decide what role the staircase will play in the interior. It can be completely invisible, and not be a decorative decoration of the room, but it can become the center of the composition, around which the entire design of the room will be built.

Therefore, in order to choose a suitable instance, it is better though would schematically draw the stairs you want would see in your home, or you can find a ready-made version and adapt it for a particular room.

Before choosing a staircase model, you must definitely find out how it works and how to calculate its correct parameters.

The main components of the stairs

The design of the stairs has many components, some of them are mandatory, while others may not be included in the devices of some types of this structure.

So, a staircase cannot do without steps and supports that support them - these are the main elements of the simplest designs of interfloor stairs.

• The step itself consists of two parts - vertical and horizontal. The first of them is called riser, and the second - tread. The riser is a support for tread, but sometimes they do without it.
• Supports can be of two types:

- a bowstring is a beam that supports the steps from their ends;

- kosour - a beam supporting the steps from below.

• The railing is also an important element of the stairs, although it is not present on all of its types. But if there are children or elderly people in the house, then you can’t do without them.
• Balusters are vertically installed railing supports, which most often become not only a functional part of the stairs, but also its decorative decoration. This element can be made of different materials and have different shapes.

Since there are different types of stairs, each of them can have details that are necessary for a particular design.

• Rack - this element is used for the device of a spiral staircase. Steps of a special shape are fixed to the rack with a certain step, which form a spiral rising from the first to the second floor.

• Bolts are special bolts, which are also elements supporting the steps, they are mounted in the wall and directly on the steps themselves. They are not used for everyone, but only for certain types of stairs.

Types of stairs

Having learned what elements the stairs consist of, you need to understand in more detail how each of the types of these structures looks like, established between floors.

marching stairs

This type of staircase is popular for any type of private home. It consists of one or more straight marches, equipped with evenly spaced steps. It is convenient to go down and up on it, but the disadvantage of this model is that it requires a lot of space in the room.

The most common - mid-flight stairs

If the staircase consists of several flights, then each of them must have at least 3 ÷ 4 and no more than 15 steps. Failure to comply with this standard may result in uncomfortable stair climbing. Usually the number of steps in each march is 8 ÷ 11 pieces, and special platforms are installed between the marches. Their sizes are multiples of the average stride length.

• Marching stairs can be closed and open. The first of them have risers in the design of the steps, and the second ones are arranged without them. The open version is convenient in cases where the steps are not wide enough.
• Mid-flight stairs may have steps attached to stringers or bowstrings. For these parts, boards are selected that have a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50, and better - even 60 ÷ 70 mm.
• If a straight staircase without turns has more than 8-9 steps, then for strength it is also recommended to divide it with a platform.
• In the case when the staircase is built with a slight turn, it is called a turning one, and sometimes steps are arranged on this site instead of a platform, which are called winders.

Winder steps quarter turn stairs

• In addition to the above types, mid-flight stairs can be:

— quarter-turn- the angle of which when turning is 90 degrees, and they are arranged mainly at the junction of two walls;

- half-turn - their rotation has an angle of 180 degrees;

- circular models - marches consistently form a 360-degree turn.

The design of the stairs on the bolts

The name of these ladders on the bolts comes from the German word "volzen", which means a bolt. Thus, it is a bolted ladder. In fact, it is a fastener in the form of a pin having threads at its ends. With the help of their steps and fences are fastened together and mounted in the wall. Thanks to these devices, the design looks light and airy. Contributes to this and the absence of risers.

In addition, such a model can be stretched on a certain section of the wall, or it can look quite compact. Despite the seeming lightness, the design is reliable and durable, it is able to withstand hundreds of kilograms, so the ladders on the rails are becoming more and more popular.

Despite the “airy” look, the ladder on the rails is very reliable.

Naturally, such a structure cannot be located in the middle of the room, since it must be attached to the wall, the main condition for installation is its strength of the material from which it is built.

It is rather difficult to calculate the ladder on the rails on your own, but you can purchase it as a kit or place an order for professionals to manufacture it with reference to specific home conditions.

Video: installation of a wooden staircase on the rails

The installation of this design is quite complicated, and it is better to entrust it to qualified craftsmen who will be able to evaluate the possibility of its installation. Therefore, before purchasing a kit, it is best to first consult with experts.

Spiral interfloor staircase

This design is more difficult to install, but has the advantage of being the smallest of all available options, making it ideal for small spaces. In addition, such a staircase can be installed in any convenient place in the room and, if desired, make it the center of the interior composition, since the design has a fairly aesthetic appearance.

Spiral staircase - saves space, but not always convenient for carrying bulky items

There can be different types, but for a two-story house, a model consisting of their racks and wedge-shaped steps is best suited. For the rack, choose a metal pipe or a wooden support.

• The rack itself is fixed to the floor of the first floor and in the interfloor or attic floor.
• Steps are fixed on it with a narrow side and rotated so that the overall design resembles a spiral.
• Balusters are installed on the wide side of the steps, the upper part of which is fixed in the handrail, repeating the spiral direction of the entire structure.

Video: installation of a spiral staircase

Inconvenient in such a model is the fact that it will be difficult to lift or lower down some massive piece of furniture. In addition, when choosing such a model for installation, you need to know that the smaller the opening in the interfloor for it, the steeper and more inconvenient the staircase will be.

It is not difficult to calculate the screw structure. To do this, the area in the room where it will be installed is determined, its center is calculated - this will be the installation site of the rack. Further, the distance from the rack to the border is measured - this will be the span width, i.e. step length.

For comfortable walking on such a ladder, the size of the middle of the step should be at least 200 mm, and the widest part should be no more than 400 ÷ 420 mm.

It is quite possible to make and assemble such a structure on your own, if you have skills in working with wood, and the ability to calculate the load on the selected material. However, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the work to a specialist, since an improperly arranged structure is very traumatic.

Requirements for the design of stairs

Before starting work, you need to find out the requirements for the design of the stairs.

Safety is perhaps the most important condition. In order for it to be fully implemented, it is very important to accurately calculate all the parameters:

- the slope angle, the width and height of the steps, the method of fastening the first and last of them are calculated;

- if the staircase is not located between two walls, the fence must be installed, and its height must be at least 800 ÷ 850 mm;

- if there are small children in the house, the balusters supporting the handrail of the fence should not be located further from each other than 100 ÷ 120 mm;

- the width of the steps should be 200 ÷ 300 mm;

- the staircase must withstand sufficiently large loads - for residential buildings they are 300 ÷ 350 kg / m²;

- it is impossible for the steps to be slippery - the texture of their outer coating is necessarily thought out;

- the entire structure must be securely and rigidly fixed between floors;

- it is undesirable to install the structure at an elevation angle of more than 45 degrees;

- the width of the spans cannot be made less than 850 mm, the best option is 1000 ÷ 1200 mm;

- the ladder will be less traumatic if it is divided into two or three parts by platforms;

- fasteners for structural elements must be made of high-quality material, so they cannot be saved on;

- if wooden parts are processed independently, then you need to bring them to perfect evenness and compliance with the dimensions established by the drawing or patterns.

Video: errors in the design and construction of stairs

Calculation of the parameters of the stairs and the manufacture of parts

Since for self-production and installation, a marching structure with steps laid on a stringer is the most affordable, as well as convenient and safe to use, it is worth considering it.

The first thing to do is to calculate the location, number and size of steps, as well as the width of the flight of stairs.

Calculation of the parameters of the stairs

Calculation of the design of the mid-flight stairs is as follows:

• The height of the room and the length of the entire or part of the wall are taken as a basis - the place that is reserved for the installation of the stairs. Having reduced these values ​​on a scale, a right-angled triangle is drawn, in which the staircase itself will be the hypotenuse, and the legs will be the height of the rise and the floor.

An angle of 45 degrees is considered ideal for installing stairs, but it can be changed, depending on the desire of the owner of the house and on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

• The comfortable width of the step should be at least 200 mm, so the leg of the floor, based on its natural length, is divided by this value. The resulting number of steps is marked on the drawing.
• The height of the risers, convenient for movement, should not exceed 100 ÷ 120 mm. To calculate them, you need to divide the height of the total rise by the selected height of the risers and also transfer it to the drawing.
• Thus, it is possible to calculate the dimensions of the stringer for laying steps.
• The width of the stairs will depend on the preferences of the tenants and the size of the room.

Video: an example of the calculation of a marching interfloor staircase

Manufacture of staircase details

In order to properly manufacture parts, you need to accurately transfer the dimensions from the drawing made to the material, and select high-quality, well-dried wood.

• The most difficult thing is to cut the stringers perfectly evenly, since the reliability and strength, as well as the aesthetics of the design, will depend on this. For these load-bearing elements, a board is selected whole without cracks and numerous large knots, with a thickness of at least 45 ÷ 50 mm.
• The tread sheets can have a width of 1.5-2 cm more than the space provided for them on the stringers, plus the thickness of the risers. Steps should be perfectly even with rounded neat edges, and this is also very important to consider. For them, a board with a thickness of 30 ÷ 35 mm is selected.
• If it was planned to make the staircase closed, with risers, then they must also be done carefully. For these elements, it is not necessary to take a board of great thickness, since basically the entire load will fall on the stringers, and the risers will play a supporting role. A thickness of 15 ÷ 20 mm is sufficient.

• Balusters and handrails would be better to purchase ready-made, along with fasteners. If there are children in the house, then, for safety reasons, two balusters should be installed on each step. In the case when the children have already grown up, then one element supporting the handrail is enough.

Prices for various types of staircase elements

Stair elements

Ladder installation

The installation of the stairs is the most crucial moment after the manufacture of all structural elements, and it must be approached with maximum responsibility.

• The stringers are installed first according to pre-set marks. On the floor, they are fixed to a support beam fixed in the right place, and in the upper part they are installed in cut gaps in the floor beam. Sometimes, to fix the upper part of the stringers, metal supports are used, mounted on a beam covering the ceiling. Anchor bolts act as fasteners for these load-bearing elements.

In order for the parts to be installed perfectly evenly, they are constantly calibrated during the installation process according to the plumb line and building level.

• If risers are provided, then they are screwed before laying the canvas of the steps.
• Then, on top of the stringers and risers, the tread panels are fixed with self-tapping screws.

The fastening of the risers and steps takes place in the complex, and goes upwards.

• Then, when the steps are ready, you can proceed to the installation of balusters.

On both sides, that is, on the floor of the first floor and at the top of the stairs, support posts are installed, which will become the boundary for the overall design of the handrail (railing). They will also play both a supporting and decorative role.

Balusters can be of different sizes, and made of different materials, so they can be attached in different ways. Some of them are simply installed in drilled holes in the steps and handrails, others are screwed with self-tapping screws, and the attachment points are closed with decorative plugs.

• , they are covered from above with handrails, which are fixed on the supporting extreme posts. If necessary, another support post can be installed in the middle of the ladder.
• If there are three or even four racks, then instead of balusters, two or three even boards (slats) fixed parallel to the course of the stairs can serve as a reliable fence.
• When the entire structure is assembled, you can proceed to surface treatment with a grinder and sandpaper. Preparation is carried out before applying protective and decorative paint coatings.
• The first layer that is applied to the tree is antiseptic compounds. They will protect the wood from rotting, mold or fungus, from domestic insects. After this, the structures are allowed to dry completely.

• Further, the staircase can be varnished in several layers (preferably water-based) with hot wax or paint.
• If you need to darken the wood, it is pre-coated with stain or other tinting compounds, and then, after drying, a varnish coating is applied on top of them.

After the paintwork has dried, the staircase will be ready for use.

Photo instruction for creating a ladder made of wood

Step 1 - drawing of the future design

Video: another interesting option for mounting stairs to the second floor

If you need to install in the house, you need to carefully calculate each step of your work and approach it with all responsibility and accuracy.

If you liked any photo in a private house, there will be questions about the implementation of such a project on your own. Even when placing an order with a specialized company, process information is useful for close control. Self-manufacturing of structures is more difficult. You will have to learn new skills, learn how to put them into practice. This article has a lot of useful information on this topic. It will help you make the right decisions, save money and time.

Which staircases are installed on the second floor in a private house: photos and design features

Regardless of who exactly will be the builder of such a structure, it is necessary to formulate the correct terms of reference. In accordance with the rules of natural wood, plywood should not consist of more than two marches. This rule should be observed to ensure a good level of fire safety.

Use the following guidelines for sizing:

• Ideally, the width is chosen taking into account the free passage of two people. A permissible minimum of 0.8 m is used when there is only enough free space for mounting a compact screw structure.
• To count the number of steps, a standard step of about 25-33 cm is used. The height of the steps is set from 12 to 18 cm. The minimum value is chosen if elderly people and small children live in the house.
• You can also use a certain angle of inclination of the lift in relation to the horizontal. The optimal value is 42-47°.
• When performing calculations, they take the real floor levels on the first and second floor after. You should also consider the presence of railings.

For your information! If you want to know how to make a staircase with your own hands without mistakes, start by preparing design documentation.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider in detail the design options, the algorithm for their calculation, detailed step-by-step instructions for creating stairs with your own hands and practical recommendations from specialists.

The usual option: stringers and bowstrings

This specific name refers to the supporting elements of a special profile, on which steps are installed.

How to lighten the design

In this example, risers, stringers, and other visible supports have been eliminated. The figure shows that thick steps had to be used to ensure high strength. They are attached to the wall using large dowels. It should not be forgotten that the supporting structure of the building must be designed for the corresponding loads.

The design on the bolts looks easy. These are special fasteners that hold the steps together.

One of the advantages of such structures is the possibility of simple disassembly for repair, replacement of worn-out steps.

Compact metal and wooden stairs in the house to the second floor: photos, technical details

If the structure is made in the form of a spiral, it will fulfill its functions, but it will occupy a small area. Such solutions are used in small rooms where it is necessary to economically manage the available space.

What are the advantages of stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: the correct use of other materials

Positive characteristics, disadvantages, rules for the use of various materials should be considered separately.

Even without a detailed study of the design documentation, it is clear that such a design is not complicated. It is not too difficult to create such a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. Balusters, posts and handrails can be ordered from the carpentry shop. Steps of simple shape and bowstrings with slots are not too difficult to make without help. The assembly is also not accompanied by great difficulties.

Wood is easy to process. This material is covered with a transparent varnish in order to preserve for viewing the unique patterns created by nature itself. Products made from this material are lightweight. They are well in line with modern trends, in which ecological cleanliness and naturalness are highly valued.

Important! It should be remembered that wood parts are damaged by temperature changes, humidity, mold and other harmful effects of biological origin. They must be protected by impregnations, special surface layers.

Such structures are suitable for outdoor installation. However, in this case, it is necessary to create a layer of paint, perform other anti-corrosion treatment to extend the service life.

Glass products do not rust. Cracks do not form in them, as you do a tree, when the humidity and temperature regime changes. They do not burn, retain integrity and excellent appearance for a long period of use. They can be cleaned of dirt with strong detergents.

Such reliable structures are designed for increased loads. But they themselves weigh a lot, so the appropriate tolerances for a particular building should be taken into account in the calculation.

Overview of designs, taking into account style, purpose

The following photos of stairs to the second floor in a private house show examples of the use of different details. With their help, certain aesthetic and technical characteristics are created.

The elements of this lightweight construction are prefabricated. You should not apply such solutions without professional experience, engineering skills. To fix such parts in the walls, large ones are used.

The exact calculation of the metal frame allows each step to withstand the weight of an adult without damage. You should not install a ladder without in a house where small children, the elderly live.

It is more difficult to work with this material, so complex parts are ordered at specialized enterprises. For assembly using bolted connections, special skills are not required. It is more difficult to make a quality connection if you have to use a welding machine.

It is also better to entrust the creation of such a metal staircase to the second floor to professionals.

It should be noted that in some of the options, usability is questionable. Designers show excessive imagination, forgetting about the direct functional purpose of products. In other cases, the level of comfort is reduced by the cramped conditions of a narrow aisle. Below are photos of several practical solutions.

How to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases: photos, expert recommendations

To ensure safety during the operation of flights of stairs, it is necessary to ensure their sufficient visibility. Best suited for solving such problems. These compact devices can be built discreetly into structural elements. Their durability, low power consumption, resistance to power surges and other external influences will appeal to prudent owners.

General conclusion

You can create a staircase to the second floor yourself, or purchase a finished product. These structures use different materials, methods of exterior decoration. They are equipped with manual lighting, or. In any case, the following factors must be taken into account:

• with an estimate and a list of necessary purchases will help optimize costs.
• Stairs must match the overall style of the room and purpose.
• The features of future operation should be studied and a sufficient level of comfort (safety) for all users should be ensured.

The materials of this article will help you make the right decision when determining the exact parameters of complex and simple structures of this class.

Regardless of what material the staircase in a private house will be built from, it must be reliable and comfortable.

To achieve this, you must first understand its design features and take into account all the little things.

From our article, site users will learn:

• What stairs can be called comfortable;
• What are their types of devices;
• What is a bowstring, baluster, stringer, tread, riser;
• Where does the calculation of the stairs begin;
• What features should be taken into account when installing in a wooden house;
• What you need to know about a monolithic staircase.

Design features of stairs

When designing a structure, the following factors should be considered:

• design of the house and premises;
• free space allotted under the stairs;

It is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the opening of the second (third) floor, the height of the ceilings, the thickness of the ceilings.

• the material from which the house is built, as well as the walls, ceilings and floors.

In pursuit of design frills, developers can forget about the main purpose of this device - to provide a comfortable and safe ascent and descent.

Therefore, it is necessary to think in advance:

• where and how the stairs will be placed;
• the material from which it is made;
• how much space does it occupy in the house.

Worst of all, if you have to “fit” the stairs into an already built house: you often have to compromise between functionality and convenience. The result is a structure that is uncomfortable and unsafe to walk on.

If the calculation was started at the design stage of the house, it becomes possible to virtually move the walls, change the location of the rooms, change the location of the door and window openings and, thereby, subsequently install the stairs in the house as efficiently as possible.

It is best to position the staircase so that it connects several rooms at the same time, and does not go into a corner or into an enclosed home space.

When designing, remember that:

1. For the convenience of walking up the stairs, the angle of its inclination should not exceed 45 degrees.
2. If it is installed in the hall, then you should consider in advance the size of the opening in the concrete floor, and in the case of a wooden house, the location of the support and load-bearing beams.
3. If for some reason the design of the stairs is postponed to later stages of construction, then the minimum dimensions of the opening will be:

• opening width - 1 meter.
• opening length - ceiling height + second floor ceiling thickness.

Floor beams in a house or a small country house must be run along, and not across, the intended stairwell!

Vit1959:

– Before proceeding with the calculation of the stairs, first of all, you need to imagine how it will look like in finished form, and understand whether its carved railings will fit into the simple interior of the house.

To make the design as convenient as possible, before calculating it, you should find out:

• height from the finished floor of the first floor to the finished floor of the second floor;
• the length of the staircase;
• the width of the staircase;
• overlap thickness;
• direction of movement;
• material, because there are a number of moments when it determines the final design of the stairs.

Essential elements