The spiritual world of man and activity. Activities in the field of spiritual culture

The word "culture" means the upbringing, development and education of people. It is considered the result of the life of society. Culture is a holistic system object, consisting of separate important parts. It is divided into spiritual and material.

Spiritual culture of personality

Part of the general cultural system, which takes into account spiritual activity and its results, is called spiritual culture. It implies a combination of literary, scientific, moral and other directions. The spiritual culture of a person is the content of the inner world. According to its development, one can understand the worldview, views and values of the individual and society.

Spiritual culture includes a huge number of elements that form the basic concepts.

General moral principles, scientific justification, richness of language and other elements. It is impossible to influence her.
It is formed thanks to the upbringing of parents and the knowledge gained through self-education and training in various educational institutions. With its help, a person's personality is cultivated, which has its own views on various aspects of life.

Signs of spiritual culture

To better understand how spiritual culture differs from other areas, some features should be taken into account.

Compared to the technical and social realm, the spiritual is disinterested and non-utilitarian. Its task is to develop a person and give him happiness, and not to receive benefits.
Spiritual culture is an opportunity to freely express your own.
Spirituality is associated with non-material spheres and exists according to individual laws, therefore its influence on reality cannot be denied.
The spiritual culture of a person is sensitive to any internal and external changes in the individual and society. For example, during reforms or other global changes, everyone forgets about cultural development.

Types of spiritual culture

The first types of spiritual development of a person are religious beliefs, traditions and customs, norms of behavior that have been formed over many years. A spiritual cult includes the results of a person's intellectual or spiritual activity. If we focus on the social component, we can distinguish mass and elite culture. There is a classification based on the fact that culture is perceived as a form of social consciousness, so it exists:

political;
moral;
aesthetic;
religious;
philosophical and other cultures.

Spheres of spiritual culture

There are a large number of forms through which spiritual culture is expressed and can be attributed to the main options.

Myth- historically the very first form of culture. Man used myths to connect people, nature and society.
Religion as a form of spiritual culture implies the separation of people from nature and purification from passions and elemental forces.
Moral– self-assessment and self-regulation of a person in the sphere of freedom. These include shame, honor and conscience.
Art- expresses the creative reproduction of reality in artistic images. It creates a kind of "second reality" through which a person expresses life experiences.
Philosophy- a special type of worldview. Finding out what the sphere of spiritual culture includes, one should not lose sight of the philosophy that expresses the relationship of man with the world and his values.
The science- is used to reproduce the world using existing patterns. Closely associated with philosophy.

The relationship of material and spiritual culture

As for material culture, it is an object-thing world, which was created by man using his own labor, mind and technology. It may seem to many that material and spiritual culture are two concepts between which there is an abyss, but this is not so.

Any material object was created after a person invented and thought it over, and an idea is a product of spiritual work.
On the other hand, in order for a product of spiritual creativity to become significant and have the ability to influence the activities and lives of people, it must materialize, for example, become an action or be described in a book.
Material and spiritual culture are two interrelated and complementary concepts that are indivisible.

Ways to develop spiritual culture

To understand how a person can develop spiritually, it is worth paying attention to the spheres of influence of this system. Spiritual culture and spiritual life is based on social and personal development in the moral, economic, political, religious and other areas. Obtaining new knowledge in the field of science, art and education gives a person a chance to develop, reaching new cultural heights.

The desire to improve by constantly working on yourself. Elimination of shortcomings and development of positive aspects.
It is necessary to expand your horizons and develop.
Obtaining information, such as from watching a movie or reading a book, for reflection, analysis, and conclusions.

spiritual culture

spiritual culture is a system of knowledge and worldview ideas inherent in a specific cultural and historical unity or humanity as a whole.

The concept of "spiritual culture" goes back to the historical and philosophical ideas of the German philosopher, linguist and statesman Wilhelm von Humboldt. According to the theory of historical knowledge he worked out, world history is the result of the activity of a spiritual force that lies beyond the limits of knowledge, which manifests itself through the creative abilities and personal efforts of individual individuals. The fruits of this co-creation constitute the spiritual culture of mankind.

Spiritual culture arises due to the fact that a person does not limit himself to only sensual-external experience and does not give it primary importance, but recognizes the main and guiding spiritual experience from which he lives, loves, believes and evaluates all things. With this inner spiritual experience, a person determines the meaning and the highest goal of the outer, sensory experience.

Spiritual culture is a sphere of human activity, covering various aspects of the spiritual life of a person and society. Spiritual culture includes forms of social consciousness and their embodiment in literary, architectural and other monuments of human activity.

Sources

Ilyin I. A. The path to clarity. - M.: Respublika, 1992.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

See what "Spiritual Culture" is in other dictionaries:

1) includes both the totality of the results of spiritual activity and spiritual activity itself 2) includes everything that does not have a direct embodiment (language, ideology, knowledge, values, customs, morality, etc.). Big… … Encyclopedia of cultural studies

spiritual culture- a way of storing and transferring from generation to generation of generally significant values. In the process of perceiving these values, they are assimilated, that is, the moral self-development of a person ... Source: ORDER of the prefect of the SEAD of Moscow dated December 27, 2007 N ... ... Official terminology

spiritual culture- is a set of moral experience of a person in the field of various areas of his activity - in everyday life and social production, work and recreation, science and art, in the field of human relations with the natural world, with God and himself. Spiritual… … Fundamentals of spiritual culture (encyclopedic dictionary of a teacher)

spiritual culture- Part of the general culture of a person, which determines the level of development and self-regulation of a mature personality, in which the main motivational and semantic regulators of its life are the highest human values. D. to. includes such components ... Adaptive physical culture. Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary

SPIRITUAL CULTURE- - (1) The area of human activity that is associated with the production, distribution and consumption of spiritual values, i.e. values related to the sphere of public consciousness (science, art, morality). (2) Set of products… … Terminological juvenile dictionary

"SPIRITUAL CULTURE"- [bulg. "Spiritual culture"], w. on religion, philosophy, science and art, an organ of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (BOC). The 1st issue was published in June 1920 as a free quarterly supplement to the newspaper. "Church Bulletin". Since 1928 "D. to."… … Orthodox Encyclopedia

The Spiritual Culture of China is the most detailed encyclopedic publication in the Russian language devoted to Chinese civilization (the total volume is 620 publication sheets). Prepared by a team of authors from all major ... ... Wikipedia

This page is an information list. "Traditional spiritual culture of the Slavs" Russian-language scientific book series of the Indrik publishing house, in which ... Wikipedia

- (lat. cultura cultivation, education, veneration) the universe of artificial objects (ideal and material objects; objectified actions and relationships), created by mankind in the process of mastering nature and having structural, ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

CULTURE MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL form of classification of the facts and phenomena of culture, popular in philosophy of the 19th and most of the 20th century. At the same time, material culture is understood as the variety of objects produced by man (tools, machines, ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Books

Spiritual culture of China Critical analysis and summary of the Encyclopedia Spiritual culture of China in five volumes, Dolgov K .. This small book attempts to reconstruct the most essential layers and elements, methods and categories of the richest content of the encyclopedia "Spiritual Culture of China" (in 5 ...

Types of spiritual activity: SPIRITUAL- THEORETICAL- Production (creation) of spiritual values (spiritual benefits) SPIRITUAL-PRACTICAL- Preservation, reproduction, distribution, distribution, and development (consumption) of created spiritual values, i. activity, the result of which is a change in people's consciousness.

CREATING SPIRITUAL PRICES IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE FEATURES OF SPIRITUAL PRODUCTION, LET'S COMPARE IT WITH MATERIAL PRODUCTION. MATERIAL PRODUCTION - CREATION OF THINGS SPIRITUAL PRODUCTION - CREATION OF IDEAS CREATION OF IDEAS CREATED THINGS - PRODUCT OF WORK CREATED IDEAS - THE RESULT OF ALSO LABOR EFFORT, MOSTLY MENTAL

Spiritual production is carried out, as a rule, by special groups of people whose spiritual activity is professional. These are people who have the appropriate education, who own the skill. Of course, knowledge, mastery of the techniques of this type of activity is not enough. After all, the product of spiritual production is distinguished by novelty, uniqueness, and therefore, it is the result of creative activity.

An important feature of spiritual production is that its products are created not only to satisfy the existing need in society for certain spiritual benefits, but also for the self-realization of a thinker, artist, etc. They satisfy the author’s inner need to express himself, convey his mood to realize their abilities. For a scientist, musician, artist, poet, the value of labor lies not only in the value of its results, but also in the very process of creating a work. Here is what the English naturalist C. Darwin () wrote: “My main pleasure and only occupation throughout my life was scientific work, and the excitement caused by it allows me to forget for a while or completely eliminates my constant poor health.” Charles Darwin

Spiritual production is the activity of people to create spiritual values. Scientific discoveries, inventions - contribute to the development of the production of material goods. Scientific discoveries, inventions - contribute to the development of the production of material goods. Social norms help streamline the life of society Social norms help streamline the life of society Delusions, utopias, false judgments, which are often widespread, can also be the product of spiritual production. However, humanity keeps those ideas and images that embody wisdom, knowledge, and experience. The product of spiritual production can also be delusions, utopias, false judgments, which are often widespread. However, humanity keeps those ideas and images that embody wisdom, knowledge, and experience.

Development of spiritual values Consciousness, preservation and dissemination of spiritual values are aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of people. Consciousness, preservation and dissemination of spiritual values are aimed at meeting the spiritual needs of people. Spiritual consumption is the process of satisfying spiritual needs. The most important spiritual need of a person is in knowledge. Philosophers of different epochs spoke about it. The ancient Greek scientist Aristotle "All people by nature strive for knowledge." And the French thinker of the 16th century M. Montaigne argued: "There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge."

Another important spiritual need is aesthetic. A. P. Chekhov’s statement on this subject is widely known: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts ...” The desire to master the world according to the laws of beauty, to see harmony in nature, in people, to feel deeply music, painting, poetry, to improve human relations - all these are the facets of a single aesthetic need

Another spiritual human need is communication. Another spiritual human need is communication. Love for a person, friendship, fellowship are truly human needs. Moral and psychological support, attention to each other, sympathy, empathy, exchange of ideas, joint creativity - these are some of the manifestations of the need for communication. Love for a person, friendship, fellowship are truly human needs. Moral and psychological support, attention to each other, sympathy, empathy, exchange of ideas, joint creativity - these are some of the manifestations of the need for communication.

The foregoing allows us to conclude that spiritual consumption is a special type of activity and, therefore, it has its own focus, requires certain efforts, the use of appropriate means. In many cases, spiritual consumption is greatly influenced by fashion. Some books, theatrical performances, poems and songs can become fashionable. The most common means of familiarizing with spiritual values

Summarize. The spiritual activity of people is diverse, each has a wide choice of its forms and types. Such activity can become his profession: he will be a scientist or a writer, an actor or an artist, a teacher or a librarian, a tour guide or a journalist. He can join amateur spiritual creativity by participating in a folk theater, a literary association, the creation of a folk museum, and amateur art competitions. And most importantly, everyone communicates with books, music, theater and cinema. And on what values a person prefers, what he himself largely depends on.

Spiritual culture, closely connected with the material and technical development of society, includes the totality of the results of spiritual activity and spiritual activity itself. The earliest, established types of spiritual culture are religious beliefs, customs, norms and patterns of human behavior that have developed in specific historical social conditions. The elements of spiritual culture also include art, religion, morality, scientific knowledge, political ideals and values, various ideas. It is always the result of the intellectual, spiritual activity of man. Spiritual culture, like material culture, is also created by man to meet his specific needs. Of course, the division of culture into material and spiritual is to a certain extent conditional. After all, culture is the self-generation of man as a species. On the one hand, a person generates culture, on the other hand, he himself acts as its result. But in the interests of analyzing such a multidimensional concept as culture, let's take the starting points: there is material production - the production of things, and there is spiritual production - the production of ideas. From this follows the structural division of culture.

The difference between material and spiritual culture can be traced in various directions. So, for example, the values of spiritual culture (art) do not experience obsolescence, unlike tools, machine tools, etc. In addition, spiritual values can exist not only in an objective form (books, paintings, etc.), but also as acts of activity. For example, the game of a violinist, an actor on stage, etc.

Finally, spiritual values bear the imprint of the personality of their creator: poet, singer, artist, composer. The unique individuality of the author allows us to comprehend not only the content, but also the emotional and sensual essence of works of art, philosophical ideas, religious systems, etc.

Obviously, a person's need for spiritual values is unlimited, in contrast to the level of material well-being, which has limits. Manifestations of spiritual culture are customs, traditions, norms.

The custom is one of the most ancient phenomena of spiritual culture. In primitive society, the first customs were formed as regulators of human behavior.

Customs are formed mainly in the domestic environment, therefore, they are distinguished by stability, longevity, and "survivability". They are present in any developed culture, as habitual patterns of behavior that are little exposed to awareness. ("Let's sit down, friends, before a long journey, let the path seem easy"). A custom is a stereotype in human behavior. Customs are closely related to traditions, which are maintained through ceremonial and ritual actions. As links of one chain, such concepts as custom, rite, ritual should be considered. Often they are defined as a moment of tradition.

Tradition refers to the transmission and preservation of social and cultural experience from generation to generation. Traditions are certain values, norms of behavior, customs, rituals, ideas. Sometimes they are perceived as remnants, they can disappear and then be reborn. The selection of traditions produces time, but there are also eternal traditions: honoring parents, respectful attitude towards women, etc.

The mode of existence of tradition, in addition to customs, is also rites or rituals. A rite is a sequential order of actions that completes a custom. Rituals are usually tied to certain dates or events (initiation rite, initiation into students, wedding ceremonies, rituals associated with the end of the harvest - "dozhinki") and others.

Norms can operate in a spiritual culture. A norm is a generally accepted rule of conduct or action. They (norms) stand out from the customs and acquire an independent existence. Human actions are largely determined by the norms accepted in society. Distinguish norms-prescriptions, norms-prohibitions, norms-samples. The latter reflect the level of culture achieved in society.

Values are a more complex and developed product of spiritual culture. Value implies choice, allows different, even opposite decisions and preferences. Value includes such elements as the interest and need of the individual, duty and ideal, motivation and motive. The types of values are different: moral, religious, artistic and aesthetic, political, vital (associated with a healthy lifestyle). You can also talk about family-related values, labor, ideological. Often, values in certain cultures are personified in the form of saints, heroes, leaders, classics, etc. A rich set of values of a particular culture indicates the level of the spiritual culture of society, its ability to communicate with other cultures.

Introduction

1. The concept of spiritual culture. Criteria of spirituality

2. Law and science in the system of spiritual culture

3. Religion in the system of spiritual culture

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

culture - the area of human spiritual activity, objectified in material actions, signs and symbols; its essence is revealed in opposition to nature (as a set of natural conditions for human existence) and civilization (the level of material development of a particular society).

The primary sphere of human spiritual activity is mythology , which included knowledge from various fields, manifestations of the artistic development of the world, moral regulations, religious and worldview ideas.

In the theological tradition, the connection between culture and cult is actualized, religion acts as the basis of culture. Science considers religion as one of the elements of culture, a specific spiritual activity aimed at supernatural objects. In different eras, religion covered different areas of culture.

Religion performs a cultural-creative role, it sets the spectrum of universal cultural concepts, determines the meaning of life, the highest values and norms of human existence, and shapes the structure of the spiritual community. Religion contributes to the assertion of personality, the formation of personal consciousness; Religion also transmits culture, passing it on from one generation to another.

1 . The concept of spiritual culture. Criteria of spirituality

The concept of spiritual culture:

It contains all areas of spiritual production (art, philosophy, science, etc.),

Shows the socio-political processes taking place in society (we are talking about power management structures, legal and moral norms, leadership styles, etc.).

The ancient Greeks formed the classical triad of the spiritual culture of mankind: truth - goodness - beauty. Accordingly, three most important value absolutes of human spirituality were identified:

· theorism, with a focus on truth and the creation of a special essential being, opposite to the ordinary phenomena of life;

· this, subordinating to the moral content of life all other human aspirations;

Aestheticism, reaching the maximum fullness of life based on emotional and sensory experience.

The aspects of spiritual culture outlined above have found their embodiment in various fields of human activity: in science, philosophy, politics, art, law, etc. They largely determine the level of intellectual, moral, political, aesthetic, legal development of society today. Spiritual culture involves activities aimed at the spiritual development of man and society, and also represents the results of this activity.

Spiritual culture is a set of non-material elements of culture: norms of behavior, morality, values, rituals, symbols, knowledge, myths, ideas, customs, traditions, language.

Spiritual culture arises from the need for comprehension and figurative-sensual development of reality. In real life, it is realized in a number of specialized forms: morality, art, religion, philosophy, science.

All these forms of human life are interconnected and influence each other. In morality, the idea of good and evil, honor, conscience, justice, etc. is fixed. These ideas, norms regulate the behavior of people in society.

Art includes aesthetic values (beautiful, sublime, ugly) and the ways in which they are created and consumed.

Religion serves the needs of the spirit, a person turns his gaze to God. Science demonstrates the progress of the knowing mind of man. Philosophy satisfies the needs of the human spirit for unity on a rational (reasonable) basis.

Spiritual culture permeates all spheres of social life. A person learns it through language, upbringing, communication. Estimates, values, ways of perceiving nature, time, ideals are laid in the consciousness of a person by tradition and education in the process of life.

The concept of "spiritual culture" has a complex and confusing history. At the beginning of the 19th century, spiritual culture was considered as a church-religious concept. At the beginning of the 20th century, the understanding of spiritual culture became much broader, including not only religion, but also morality, politics, and art.

In the Soviet period, the concept of "spiritual culture" was treated superficially by the authors. Material production generates material culture - it is primary, and spiritual production generates spiritual culture (ideas, feelings, theories) - it is secondary. The origins of creativity, ideas were in production, labor activity.

In the 21st century "spiritual culture" is understood in different ways:

as something sacred (religious);

as something positive that does not require explanation;

as mystical-esoteric.

At present, as before, the concept of "spiritual culture" is not clearly defined and developed.

The relevance of the problem of the formation of the spirituality of the individual in the current situation is due to a number of reasons. Let's name the most significant of them. Today, many ailments of social life: crime, immorality, prostitution, alcoholism, drug addiction and others - are explained primarily by the state of lack of spirituality in modern society, a condition that causes serious concern and progresses from year to year. The search for ways to overcome these social vices puts the problem of spirituality at the center of humanitarian knowledge. Its relevance is also due to economic reasons: with the implementation of social, economic, political reforms in society, the conditions and nature of human labor, its motivation are rapidly changing; and this economic situation that is taking shape before our eyes makes new demands on the improvement of the individual, on its development, on such personal qualities as morality, responsibility, and a sense of duty, which, in the final analysis, are indicators of a person’s spiritual maturity.

True spirituality is "the trinity of truth, goodness and beauty" and the main criteria for such spirituality are:

Intentionality, that is, "direction outward, to something or someone, to a business or a person, to an idea or to a person" . Man needs a goal that elevates him above individual existence; this is how he overcomes the isolation and limitations of his existence, and this ability to set ideal goals for himself is an indicator of a spiritually developed personality;

· reflection on the basic life values that make up the meaning of the existence of the individual and act as guidelines in a situation of existential choice. It is the ability to reflect, from the point of view of Teilhard de Chardin, that is the main reason for the superiority of man over animals. In a spiritual person, this ability acquires the character of a manifestation of a "taste for reflection", for cognition of the specifics of individual existence. One of the conditions for the formation of the ability to reflect is seclusion, exile, voluntary or forced loneliness. "Exiles and imprisonments, which are always so terrible and fatal for a person, are no longer so terrible and deadly for the spirit. He loves voluntary seclusion, the loneliness of cells and avoiding worldly fuss, but he equally successfully uses the forced loneliness of an exile, a prisoner ... Without a choice oneself, turning inward, into one's loneliness, the conversation of a person with the spirit does not begin. All the greatest representatives of the Spirit - Jesus, Socrates - were exiles. And this exile is a punishment that befalls one who has entered the world of the Spirit, a tragic punishment for the courage to be different from "like everyone else";

freedom, understood as self-determination, that is, the ability to act in accordance with one’s goals and values, and not under the yoke of external circumstances, as “acquisition of inner strength, resistance to the power of the world and the power of society over a person”, “existential disconnection, freedom, detachment of him - or its center of existence - from coercion, from pressure, from dependence on the organic;

Creativity, understood not only as an activity that generates something new that did not exist before, but also as self-creation - creativity aimed at finding oneself, at realizing one's meaning in life;

· a developed conscience, which harmonizes "the eternal, universal moral law with the specific situation of a particular individual", because the consciousness is open to the existent; conscience - that which should exist; this is what a person is responsible for realizing his meaning of life;

The responsibility of the individual for the realization of his meaning of life and the realization of values, as well as for everything that happens in the world.

These are the main criteria for the spirituality of a person in the understanding of Russian and foreign philosophers: N.A. Berdyaev, V. Frankl, E. Fromm, T. de Chardin, M. Scheler and others.

2. Law and science in the system of spiritual culture

Science and law are part of culture, so any scientific picture reflects the mutual influence of all elements of culture in a particular era. In the system of human culture, which consists of material, social and spiritual culture, science is included in the system of human spiritual culture. The following are definitions of the culture system and its elements.

Culture is a system of means of human activity, thanks to which the activity of an individual, groups, humanity and their interactions with nature and among themselves is programmed, implemented and stimulated.

Material culture is a system of material and energy means of being of a person and society. This includes such elements as tools, active and passive technology, physical culture, people's well-being.