We make soldering acid. Do-it-yourself soldering acid

Experienced craftsmen - electronics engineers and home radio amateurs know that for a quality connection, you will need not only a soldering iron, but also additional accessories. For soldering, flux and solder are used, the latter is made on the basis of lead and tin, often offered in the form of wire. Characteristics of the ratio of wire, flux may differ in parameters depending on the type of product.

Flux acts as the second component, a common form is used in the form of rosin. It helps to qualitatively, quickly solder parts of the copper composition, wires and other materials. Soldering acid can work with brass, nickel, stainless steel, etc. materials.

Features of application and soldering with soldering acid

The category to which soldering acid falls differs from other reagents and has a number of positive properties. As a flux, the product is distributed only in liquid form, some compositions can be diluted to reduce the concentration when interacting with the metal. Before using the element, it is worth understanding what soldering acid is for.

Before soldering metals, it is necessary to prepare the areas for application. With prolonged use, metals tend to oxidize, a layer of dirt and dust falls on them. If dirt can be dealt with mechanically, using a sandpaper or a file, then oxides are removed only with the use of chemical solutions. Soldering acid helps to prevent the appearance of a new film, remove deposits present.

Base metals that can be treated with soldering acid:

• copper alloys in any proportions;
• iron products;
• nickel;
• all kinds of non-ferrous alloys;
• steel.

Brass, copper alloys can be soldered with borax. Aluminum or steel products will not connect without soldering acid. Before soldering with acid, the part is processed from solid deposits, after soldering it is washed off with water with a low alkaline content. Varieties of soldering products are produced according to GOST 23178-78 standards, they have fluidity, low viscosity.

Types of soldering acids and application features

Soldering acid is divided into two main types, regardless of the scope, orthophosphoric and hydrochloric type. Regardless of the composition, the purpose is to remove oxides and contaminants from the soldering areas. A high-quality, neat seam can only be performed if the conditions for the preparation of metals are observed. The durability of materials is increased due to the formation of a protective film against oxidation on the surface of the joint.

It is important to know that the use of flux when working with electronic boards is strictly prohibited. Thin and fragile elements can be rubbed off the board structure, soldering acid produces conductive connections. All these factors can have a deplorable effect on the performance of the unit, the design of the general condition.

Chlorozinc flux

A solution of zinc chloride is used for soldering iron compounds. The composition is zinc dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The solution is produced as follows:

• granulated zinc is prepared;
• depending on the terms of reference, add a solution or a concentrate;
• after the chemical reaction of zinc, it is possible to use the mixture.

Proportional parts are taken as an example of 1 liter of brine per 400 grams of granulated zinc. At the end of the work, the surface should be treated to stop the reaction; a soap solution is excellent for this. Before making your own, remember that it is important to follow the sequence. The acid is diluted with zinc, and gases are formed, resulting in a rather explosive mixture. All actions are performed in a ventilated place.

Oleic acid

Olein is excellent for soldering aluminum alloys. Not used in pure form, available only in technical condition. The stable state is achieved by mixing olein with various fatty acids. Then lithium iodide reacts, which completes the mixing of the mass for soldering aluminum.

Soldering with oleic acid allows the joining of materials from copper and aluminum alloys, without the formation of a chemical film and oxidation.

The flux is used to protect against corrosion processes at the joint, with mechanical action, a new film is formed, which allows you not to worry about the reliability of the connection.

Instead of soldering acid, other fluxes do not have similar properties, it is possible to use machine oil with crushed sawdust, the soldering process occurs when the composition is rubbed during docking. When heated, the oleic type of soldering acid evaporates, but the soldering place is tinned, it is pointless to worry about a quality connection.

Orthophosphoric acid

When metals are treated with an orthophosphoric solution, a protective film is formed that prevents the formation of oxides and chemical reactions of the metal. The characteristics of the solution consist in a colorless substance, of an inorganic kind. The hygroscopic structure in the form of a pasty structure interacts when heated and dissolves into a liquid composition. It has good flow properties and can be easily cleaned with water after work.

Orthophosphoric acid is used for soldering carbon and alloy steels. Copper and nickel alloys are also suitable for work, the operating temperature during soldering starts from 350 degrees. The acid film is loosened and removed to the surface by dissolving the oxide layer. Reliable soldering is achieved by forming an oxide film with phosphoric acid.

Flux VTS

The salicylic base, common in the composition of aspirin, is used as an ingredient. It is most widely used to work with precious metals, due to the weak interaction with the particles of the product.

The main advantage is the protection against oxidation of the soldering point, it is not necessary to remove the flux, unless there are additional requirements.

Versatility of application, cheap production allow the use of soldering acid based on salicylic compounds. Caustic emissions suggest a working exhaust when performing soldering operations, and the negative side is poor interaction with aluminum.

It is possible to use improvised means, it is enough to grind an aspirin tablet or another preparation containing salicylic acid. The powder is applied to the place of soldering; when working with wires, soldering can be done directly on the tablet. A more convenient mixture is made together with petroleum jelly, in proportions of 1 to 2, the paste is easy to apply to the place of soldering with a swab, and removed at the end of work.

Acid Benefits

Each composition has certain advantages, soldering accessories are no exception.

Main positive aspects:

• The convenience of the process, soldering allows you to process a contact in a hard-to-reach place, due to the properties of fluidity.
• Increased aggressiveness allows you to destroy oxide films, rust deposits. Usually oxide films are not visible to the eye, so the connection is processed without fail.
• You don’t have to worry about the subsequent formation of an oxide film, soldering acid counteracts this, even mechanical stress.
• The variety of metals with which it is possible to perform operations allows the solution to be used for every job.

disadvantages

In addition to the positive aspects, there are some disadvantages that can limit the use of a chemical element:

• It is strictly forbidden to use acids when working with radio circuits, small electronics. The properties of some compositions are such that the tracks are destroyed during processing and the growth of new conductive elements.
• The shelf life is underestimated, due to the volatility of gases, so it will not be possible to purchase these fluxes with a margin. There are also requirements for storage conditions, non-compliance with which can lead to damage to the material;
• The composition is harmful to humans when inhaled, in contact with the skin. It is recommended to use personal protective equipment during mass work, soldering in a well-ventilated area.

Composition and physico-chemical properties

Orthophosphoric acid has the formula H3PO4, which consists of phosphorus itself and diethylamide. The proportions can be different from the required concentration, in most cases a ratio of 1 to 4 is used. There is a variety of acid with zinc impurities in ratios of 1 to 2 parts of the solution.

The main properties of the material imply aggressiveness. Active interaction occurs with any material, this fact requires a careful attitude to the compounds. During work, special rules must be followed, because. may be positive or negative. The liquid form allows the composition to penetrate into hard-to-reach places, to achieve high soldering strength. The main types of soldering acid are solutions, since 100% concentration will not allow you to work with most metals.

Features of choice

The composition of the soldering acid is selected in accordance with the working surface of the material. The main criterion should be the quality of the solution, because incorrect concentration, you can always lower it at home. It is not permissible to use compositions with the presence of sediment or turbidity of the container.

It is important to remember that liquid fluxes are one of the few soldering accessories that have an expiration date that must be considered before use.

A difficult choice always haunts when buying. The compositions are different, there are a large number of manufacturers on the market. It is necessary to determine what type of work will be carried out; for this, the purpose of the soldering acid composition is being studied. Orthophosphorus compounds are the most common, they fight oxides well and are not so aggressive. Salt is more versatile, because. applied to many metals. Sulfur is the most active option, used when soldering thick products.

DIY manufacturing

With some knowledge and improvised materials, it is possible to make soldering acid at home. The set of ingredients is not large, they can be purchased at the hardware store:

• hydrochloric acid in its pure form;
• lump zinc, which is sold by the department of chemical reagents, if it is not possible to purchase, the AA battery is carefully opened;
• glass or ceramic container.

Soldering acid is made by hand in a certain sequence. It is necessary to fill the container with pieces of zinc, then fill it with saline. Actions are performed in a well-ventilated area, if the solution gets on the skin, it must be immediately rinsed with running water. After manufacturing, the mass is poured into an airtight container for proper storage.

Precautionary measures

Aggressive properties require a special approach to safety. Storage is carried out in original packaging, protected from direct sunlight.

Work is best done with good ventilation, using the necessary protective equipment.

The skin reacts negatively to aggressive substances. At hit on hands, it is necessary to wash out immediately with water, laundry soap. Inhalation may irritate the mouth, and in case of contact with the eyes seek professional advice.

Features of soldering metals

For a quality connection, it is important to follow certain instructions, the work is different from soldering with ordinary solder.

Soldering acid is used in many cases, it is important to follow the steps before work:

• Rough dirt, metal oxidation are cleaned with sandpaper or a file.
• The flux is carefully applied with a brush or a special dispenser, the solution is in a liquid state, so it spreads easily over the surface.
• Tinning occurs with the application of solder, the products are fastened together.

After the end of the process, it is necessary to remove the remaining solution. You can do this with ordinary soapy water or a solution of soda.

Each person who had to work with radio electronics has repeatedly used a soldering iron to solve his problems, so he knows what the principle of operation of such equipment is. But due to the unpleasant odor emitted when processing the structure with the help of classic solder, as well as significant difficulties at different stages of action, this technology is not used. special demand and has a number of simpler analogues.

Purpose of soldering acid

To make the next soldering more productive many welders use special substances - fluxes, with the help of which the solder spreads evenly over the place of soldering. Among the main fluxes, rosin and soldering acid are distinguished. The first option is indispensable when soldering copper and silver, and acid is used in particularly difficult cases. How soldering acid works, the composition and other features of such a substance are the main questions that concern many inexperienced beginners.

1. When choosing the right solution, you need to understand the type of metal or alloy. When soldering iron, including galvanized iron, a unique type of soldering acid is used, represented by a solution of zinc chlorate. Soldering stainless steel is carried out using orthophosphoric acid for soldering, as well as multi-component fluxes. material such as aluminum cannot be soldered, which is due to the lack of suitable fluxes capable of dissolving the oxide film of the material. Acid should not be used for soldering printed circuit boards, as this increases the risk of corrosive elements and short circuits between conductors.
2. If you intend to use soldering acid for your own purposes, you can purchase it in the appropriate store in the form of a paste. Nevertheless, many welders make soldering acid with their own hands, claiming that such an action does not require much difficulty. You need to take about 100 ml of hydrochloric acid, put pieces of zinc into it, for example, taken from batteries, and wait for the chemical reaction to complete, during which hydrogen will be released. Given this feature, the event is best held in a ventilated environment away from sources of fire. If the hydrogen bubbles stop rising, let the solution stand until clear, and then carefully pour it into the vial. That's all, high-performance soldering acid is ready.

Instructions for use

1. Immediately before soldering is required clean the surface file or sandpaper, which will avoid all kinds of contamination.
2. Acid should be applied to the soldering site, for which you can use a brush. Next, you need to cover the structure to be soldered with solder made on the basis of tin or its alloy. If the substance does not lay down evenly, you will have to repeat acid treatment again.
3. At the next stage solder carefully surfaces. When working with a heated soldering iron, do not forget about safety rules and try not to litter the work area with materials that ignite very quickly.
4. After completing the procedure acid must be neutralized using an alkali, such as a solution of soda, and then rinse the adhesion site to get rid of acid residue. In rare cases, the role of the flux is performed by acetylsalicylic acid, although its use requires a more complex approach.

Features of soldering metals

Silver

If you have worked with a soldering iron, then you know that soldering is a kind of permanent connection metal products by means of low-melting metal. The technology itself is selected taking into account the type of metals to be soldered, as well as the environmental conditions where the action will be performed. For example, the processing of printed circuit boards from some electronics and the repair of silver jewelry differ significantly from each other.

With such soldering, you should use a soldering iron, solder, and also a flux, which is used as a colophonium.

The step by step guide looks like this:

1. It is no secret that for soldering elements with a high silver content, solder is used, in which there is about 60% tin and 40% lead, which can melt at a temperature of 180 degrees Celsius. Try to prepare a solder that will be indispensable for soldering electronic circuits. Such a product is a thin tube that is filled with resin and acts as a flux.
2. The surface to be soldered must be previously cleaned of any defects and irregularities that may appear when exposed to an oxide film. In this case, the heated solder will be able to create an effective bond with the silver.
3. The part in the soldering zone is heated to such temperatures that the natural melting of the solder begins. However, at this stage, some difficulties cannot be avoided, which may be associated with an insufficient power reserve of the soldering iron for sufficiently high-quality heating. When soldering silver items, it is important to protect the place from possible exposure to atmospheric oxygen. In this case, a colophonium is used that can create a protective film over the soldering site.
4. As for the soldering of jewelry, it is carried out using high-temperature solders that correspond to the sample of the metal, or using solders of a lower standard, but containing silver. Soldering jewelry with tin is necessary only in the most extreme cases, and only after prior agreement of all details with the owner of the ring, chain, bracelet or other product. If you do not know how to properly perform such an action, this can cause damage to an expensive structure.

Boards

It's no secret that soldering radio components into boards is the process is simple. It is much easier to perform than to connect free wires, since the holes in the boards are designed to fix the parts to be soldered. However, you need to understand that the end result is directly related to the experience and responsibility of the worker. The first circuit, which is assembled on a breadboard, cannot be called very successful. But do not worry - after a while connection quality will grow substantially.

Step-by-step instructions and features of such soldering are as follows:

1. The main goal of the upcoming work is to effectively connect the chip to the board in order to get a uniformly good solder. The event can be divided into several separate stages.
2. First you need to simultaneously bring the solder and the tip of the already heated tool to the area where the connection is required. It is important to follow the key rule, making sure that the soldering iron tip is in full contact with the output being processed and the board itself.
3. During processing, you can not change the position of the soldering iron tip, until the entire contact point is covered with a uniform layer of solder. In most cases, this takes between 0.5 and 1 second. Such a time interval ensures sufficient heating of the soldering point.
4. At the next stage, you need to circle the tip of the tool near the contact being processed in a semicircle, moving the solder in the opposite direction. In the same way, one more millimeter of solder should be applied to the place of soldering. During this period, the selected area will warm up quite well, so the solder melted under the influence of surface tension will be distributed evenly over the contact area.
5. After successfully applying the required amount of solder to the selected place, you can take the wire away from the area to be soldered.
6. And at the last stage, a quick removal of the sting to the side should be carried out. In a short period of time, a liquid substance, with a small layer of flux, will take its final shape and harden, creating a strong connection.

It is important to understand that with sufficient heating of the sting, the action will not take more than 1 second. try hone your skills and follow the advice of professionals. In this way, you can achieve incredible success.

Copper

Every man can learn how to solder, because such a procedure does not require special skills or secrets. In any case, the ability to solder can be very useful and useful in everyday life, where you need to connect wires and parts of electrical circuits, repair a car radiator, and also mount copper pipeline elements.

It is no secret that copper is one of those materials that lend themselves very well to soldering. In addition, the surface of products made of this metal is easily cleaned from oxide film, dirt, irregularities and other defects without the use of expensive chemicals and aggressive agents. Most fusible type metals have excellent adhesion (surface adhesion) to copper and do not require the use of expensive or complex fluxes. Copper practically does not interact with air when heated.

Due to such unique properties, metal can be soldered in a wide variety of environments using various types of fluxes and solders.

To solder parts, you should use electric soldering irons or soldering stations with different capacities. It is known that the greater the mass and volume of the part, the higher the power indicators of the working tool should be. If you have never practiced soldering before, you may best solution will be a device with a power of 25-50 watts.

Other soldering features

At the training stage, many beginners have a question: “what are solder and flux”. Solder is a common type of low-melting metal that is required to successfully solder radio circuits, electronics, and jewelry. Most often, solder is created from tin, but in its pure form, such a metal is not cheap, so it is used only for tinning and soldering utensils, which are used for storing and cooking. If necessary, solder wires and electrical circuits, a tin-lead solder option is used.

When doing soldering work, you may need the following tools and accessories:

• stand for soldering device;
• side cutters;
• pliers;
• tweezers;
• stationery knife;
• vise;
• desoldering pump or copper braid.

The soldering process itself includes several steps:

1. Cleaning the selected area to a shine.
2. Dipping the tip of the soldering iron in rosin for more effective cleaning.
3. Tight pressing of the connected elements with each other.
4. Then it requires attaching a soldering iron with a small amount of solder at the end to the junction of such parts.
5. Next, the soldering iron tip must be drawn along the part or wire, doing it as quickly as possible to avoid burning out the rosin on the tip.
6. The place of soldering should be thoroughly warmed up so that the rosin covers the entire surface of the part during melting, and the solder fills the gap between the parts.
7. Remember to remove excess solder with a soldering iron or desoldering iron. Also, the use of a braid will not interfere.

If all operations are performed exactly according to the established rules, the hardness of the solder will become maximum, and its distribution will be uniform.

If the soldered parts moved from place during the soldering stage, most likely the soldering is not good enough. To avoid such a course of events, it is enough to learn not to make many mistakes.

Conclusion

Given the above information, we can confidently state that, if desired, and if there is an appropriate manual, it is possible to comprehend all the secrets of soldering mastery in a few hours and experiments. The main thing is not to give up when faced with mistakes and troubles. In domestic conditions, you can learn how to solder in a variety of ways, which will allow you to achieve the highest quality fastening of parts and tightness of containers. Today, using soldering acid, you can successfully connect almost all types of metals and alloys, electrical wires, car radiator cases, metal utensils and many other everyday items.

Instruction

The choice of acid depends on the type of metal or alloy. For soldering, including galvanized, the so-called soldering acid is used - a solution of zinc chlorate. For soldering, orthophosphoric acid and special multicomponent fluxes are used. Aluminum is not brazed at all, as there are no available fluxes to dissolve the aluminum oxide film. Acid is not suitable for printed circuit boards, as the occurrence of corrosion and short circuits between conductors.

If you decide to use a soldering iron, then it can be ready-made (it is sold in the form of a paste, but you can do it). Take about 100 ml of hydrochloric acid, put pieces of zinc there, taken, for example, from batteries. A chemical reaction will occur in which hydrogen will be released, so this work must be carried out in a ventilated area away from fire. When the hydrogen bubbles stop rising, the solution should be allowed to stand until transparent, and then carefully poured into a vial. Soldering acid.

Before soldering, clean the surfaces with a file or sandpaper to rid them of contamination.

Apply acid to the soldering site, this can be done with a brush, then use a heated soldering iron to cover the surface to be soldered with solder - tin or its alloy. If the solder does not want to lie flat on the right place, you need to re-treat with acid.

Solder the surfaces carefully. When working with a heated soldering iron, remember the fire safety rules and do not litter the workplace with flammable objects.

After work, neutralize the acid with an alkali, such as a soda solution, and then rinse the solder joint to remove any acid residue. In rare cases, acetylsalicylic acid is also used as a flux.

Sources:

• The history of the tungsten mormyshka

Soldering is an integral connection of metal products using a more fusible metal. Soldering technology may differ depending on the type of metals to be joined and on the conditions in which the product is to work. So, soldering printed circuit boards in electronics and repairing silver jewelry are performed in different ways.

You will need

• Soldering iron, solder, flux (colophonium)

Instruction

In electronics, when soldering parts containing silver, usually used, containing 60% tin and 40%, which melts already at 180 ° C. Prepare the solder used by the circuits. It comes in the form of thin tubes filled with resin that acts as a flux.

Clean the surfaces to be soldered by removing oxide films that have formed over time. Only in this case, the heated solder creates an internal connection with silver m.

In place, heat the part to a temperature above the melting point of the solder. Difficulty may arise when heating a large surface area with good thermal conductivity, since the power of the soldering iron may not be enough to heat it.

When soldering silver parts, protect the soldering area from exposure to atmospheric oxygen. To do this, it is enough to use a suitable flux (colophonium), which forms a protective film over the soldering point. When the solder is melted, the flux is evenly distributed over the surface of the liquid metal.

Solder jewelry made from, produce either high-temperature solders corresponding to the metal sample, or solders of a lower standard, but with a mandatory silver content. Solder silver products only in the most extreme cases and with unconditional agreement with the customer (the owner of the jewelry). This is done for the reason that the product may become difficult in the future: if it does not know that the product was previously soldered with tin and starts it with ordinary high-temperature solder, the product may simply burn out.

Sources:

• How to solder

Solder radio components in fees much easier than connecting free wires, because the holes in the boards perfectly fix the parts to be soldered. Although here the result of the work will depend on experience and a little luck. The very first circuit assembled on a breadboard is most likely not very successful. But you should not be upset - over time, the quality of the connections will only grow.

Instruction

Now you need to circle the soldering iron tip around the contact being processed in a semicircle, at the same time moving the solder in the opposite direction. In the same way, apply about 1 mm more solder to the soldering point. By this time, the place of soldering will be heated so much that, under the forces of surface tension, the melted solder will be evenly distributed over the entire contact area.

The last step is to quickly move the soldering iron tip away from the place to be soldered. At this time, while the hedgehog liquid solder, covered with a thin layer of flux, takes its final form, solidifying.

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Useful advice

If the tip of the soldering iron is heated to the optimum temperature, the whole process will hardly take more than 1 second. Hone your skills, practice soldering parts, and in the end your movements will become clear, and the connections will be of high quality and similar to each other.

The ability to solder is far from the last thing that every man should be able to do. These skills can be useful in everyday life when connecting wires and parts of electrical circuits or repairing a car radiator, and in production when installing copper pipelines.

Why is copper easy to solder

Copper is a metal that can be easily soldered. The surface of copper products is easy to clean from and contaminants without the use of aggressive substances. A number of fusible and affordable metals and alloys have excellent adhesion (surface adhesion) with copper. When soldering copper, expensive and complex fluxes are not required, because this metal weakly interacts with atmospheric oxygen when heated.

These properties of copper make it easy to solder in a variety of environments using a variety of solders and fluxes.

For soldering parts, electric soldering irons or soldering stations of various capacities are used: the greater the mass and volume of the part, the higher the power of the soldering iron should be. For training, it is better to use an inexpensive soldering iron with a power of 25-50 watts.

What is solder and flux

Solder is a low-melting metal for soldering. The most commonly used solder is tin. Tin in its pure form is a relatively expensive metal, it is used for tinning and soldering utensils for storage and cooking. Tin-lead solder is used for soldering wires and electrical circuits.

Flux is an auxiliary substance used to prevent oxidation of surfaces prepared for soldering. Without flux, solder will not stick to copper surfaces. The most commonly used flux is rosin.

Accessories

For soldering you may need:

Stand for soldering iron;
- side cutters;
- pliers;
- tweezers;
- stationery knife;
- ;
- desoldering pump or copper braid.

soldering process

1. Clean the soldering area to a shine and tin.

2. Dip the tip of the soldering iron into the rosin, after picking up a little solder on it. The rosin melts.

3. Firmly press the parts to be joined together.

4. Attach a soldering iron with solder at the end of the tip to the place of their connection.

5. Run the tip of the soldering iron over the part or wire. This must be done quickly so that the rosin on the sting does not burn out.

6. Place of soldering, rosin during melting covers the surface of the part, and the solder, spreading, will fill the gap between the parts.

7. Remove excess solder with a soldering iron, desoldering iron, or braid.

With the correct execution of all operations, the solder will evenly spread, harden and hold the parts together.

If the brazed parts move when the solder solidifies, the soldering will be fragile.

The ability to solder, especially to solder copper well, is not given immediately, it requires perseverance and some practice.

Sources:

• soldering process

Fishing is not only a great pastime, but also an exciting hobby and sport. Often there are cases when, in addition to losing the catch, the mormyshka also swims away. The average price of this fishing tackle is 20 - 500 rubles. But why spend money if you can make a mormyshka at home.

You will need

• - thin brass or copper tin,
• - scissors,
• -tweezers,
• -Matchbox,
• - pliers, - wire cutters, - needle file,
• - 40 watt soldering iron
• - nichrome wire (you can get it by disassembling an old 50 watt 24 ohm resistor),
• - materials for soldering: soldering acid (flux), solder, rosin, pieces of tin and graphite grease.

Instruction

“Bite” small pieces of solder with pliers or wire cutters, since such small pieces are more convenient when soldering mormyshki to the body - the pieces stick better to the soldering iron and melt faster than if you take the solder with a soldering iron from a solid piece.

Using wire cutters, cut out a blank from a tin that resembles a future mormyshka in shape. Mormyshka (and hence the blank for it) can be made in any size you need.

Make a hole in the resulting workpiece with a needle approximately in the middle.

Treat the blunt edge of the hook with soldering acid (flux) and irrigate it with a soldering iron prepared in advance.

Pinch the sharp edge of the hook with tweezers.

Put the workpiece on a match (previously weighted with small bolts and nuts) so that the edges obtained when making a hole (step 2) are inside. The matchbox should be placed at a slight slope so that the molten hot tin would flow more towards the thick end. mormyshki. That is, if the boxes lie straight, then the tin will be evenly distributed over the surface, and this is not necessary at all.

Treat the nichrome wire with graphite grease (this is necessary so that our hole does not disappear during soldering) and insert it into the hole. Pierce the box with the same wire to secure the future mormyshka on it.

Press the hook with tweezers to the brass blank.

Remove the nichrome wire from our mormyshki with the help of pliers - a hole was formed in the mormyshka.

File the surface and sharp edges mormyshki. If the hole for the fishing line is small, then it can be enlarged with a gimlet.

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The ability to solder can come in handy in a variety of situations, from repairing electronic equipment to the need to solder a leaky car radiator. Knowing the right technology allows soldering with a high degree of reliability.

You will need

• - soldering iron;
• - solder;
• - flux.

Instruction

In the vast majority of cases, soldering is associated with the repair or assembly of electronic devices. In order not to damage the electronic components, choose the right soldering iron power, it should be from 25 to 60 watts. The smaller and more sensitive to overheating the elements, the weaker the soldering iron should be. For example, for the weakest device should be used. For soldering the leads of transformers and other massive elements, a more powerful one is suitable.

In order for the soldering to turn out to be of high quality, observe the following rules. First of all, prepare the place for soldering and the leads of the elements, they must be cleaned and tinned - that is, covered with a thin layer of solder. For soldering, you will need a flux, use rosin or its alcohol solution. In the latter case, it is convenient to use a bottle with a nail polish brush.

Before starting soldering, prepare the soldering iron tip. Its tip should be covered with an even layer of solder. If the sting is black, burnt out, carefully clean it with a needle file, then dip it in rosin and immediately tin it. Soldering with an unprepared soldering iron is difficult, it does not hold solder.

Make sure that the soldering is not "cold", that is, made by a poorly heated soldering iron. With such soldering, the solder is not liquid, but lumpy, the junction is not filled with it, but smeared over. The color of the connection soldered in this way is dull, gray. Such soldering is very unreliable and does not provide the desired contact.

If you are soldering a radio component into the board, then with the right technology, the solder should completely fit the part leg and capture the entire contact pad around it. The color of the solidified solder in this case is silvery, bright. This soldering is very reliable.

Assembling an electronic device on your own, get used to doing everything very neatly and beautifully. Beauty is the key to reliable operation of the product. If the device is sloppy somehow, the installation is very careless, the wires are completely random, you should not expect from such a product. By saving time on installation, you will later spend it much more searching for the reasons for the inoperability of the assembled device. Conversely, if everything is done neatly and beautifully, the device usually starts working without any adjustment.

Sometimes it becomes necessary to solder metal or steel parts. In this case, rosin is not suitable; it is necessary to use special shop fluxes for soldering metal elements. Alternatively, you can use a regular aspirin tablet. Work in a well ventilated area as the smoke from aspirin is very acrid (do not inhale it). Remember not to solder electronic components with aspirin.

You can also use hydrochloric acid with a piece of zinc thrown into it as a flux for soldering iron. You can use zinc from an old battery case. A small bottle of about 50 ml will require a third of the battery case - just cut the zinc plate with scissors, put the trimmings in the bottle and leave for about a day. Apply the flux to the place of soldering with a brush.

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Not only workers in production have to work with metals, but also ordinary people at home or in their own workshops. Craftsmen, making a variety of things - from jewelry to technical devices - often use soldering, connecting wires and metal parts, and often they are faced with the need to solder brass parts.

You will need

• - gas-burner,
• - graphite crucible,
• - silver,
• - copper,
• - boric acid,
• - borax,
• - asbestos base.

Instruction

Tin soldering, which is familiar to everyone, is not for brass - it leaves a noticeable mark, and also has a weak strength. When soldering brass, you should use a different, more reliable method. In order to solder brass parts, you will need a gas burner, as well as a graphite crucible, copper, borax and an asbestos base.

Solder for brass is made from one part copper and two parts silver, mixing and fusing them together on a gas burner in a graphite crucible. Immerse the crucible in cold water and remove the melted and solidified solder. Flatten it and cut or sharpen shavings from the solder using a large file.

Brass parts, you want to solder, put on an asbestos base and moisten with a flux of boric acid and borax. Then sprinkle the joint of the parts with pieces of solder that you sharpened in advance, and then begin to gently heat the joint with a gas burner.

Gradually bring the heating temperature to seven hundred degrees. Monitor the temperature of the burner - do not overheat brass so as not to spoil the details. If you are soldering large and massive parts, heat them gradually; if the parts are small and thin, remember that they heat up very much. This method is more complex than conventional soldering with tin, but it is characterized by increased strength and connection with brass parts.

The soldering of metals has become widespread in electronics, radio engineering and in tool business. When soldering parts, in most cases lead-tin solders are used. But they are suitable mainly for joining copper parts. If you want to create a permanent connection steel products, you will first need to prepare a special refractory solder.

Soldering acid is one of the most sought after types of fluxes when it comes to using it in complex work, that is, when soldering metals that are difficult to process. It is characterized by a high degree of aggressiveness, thanks to which it does an excellent job of removing fatty films, oxides and other types of contaminants from the surface before soldering. In addition, the acid provides the formation of a protective film that prevents the negative impact of environmental factors on the metal.

However, when working with simple joints, especially in cases where thin metal elements are used, it is better to refuse to use soldering acid. The danger lies in the fact that it can simply corrode the metal, so sometimes it is better to look for another flux option.

It is extremely important to pay attention to the concentration of soldering acid, since it can be sold in concentrated and diluted form. For each specific case, there must be a solution of suitable strength so that there are no negative consequences.

The use of excessively concentrated acid for soldering is strictly not allowed. In the event that a solution of the required concentration is not at hand, care should be taken to bring it to the desired parameters, or use another substance with similar properties.

Advantages of soldering acid

• Excellent for use on hard-to-solder metals.
• It has a fairly low price, in addition, it can be prepared independently.
• It perfectly copes with the elimination of deposits and oxides, while preventing their further formation.

Negative points

• Due to the overly aggressive environment, it is impossible to work with fine details.
• Direct contact with human skin can lead to extremely serious consequences, since the acid can corrode not only the skin, but also muscle tissue.
• The acid has an extremely unpleasant odor, and the vapors released during the use of the substance are extremely harmful to the respiratory system.

What can replace soldering acid?

There are not many substances that can be considered as an alternative to this acid. Some of them are easily prepared at home, although it is not always possible to obtain the desired properties.

One of the simplest and most affordable substances that can be used instead of soldering acid is an aqueous solution of ordinary aspirin. To obtain it, you just need to take a tablet, crush it for faster dissolution, pour it into a container of water and mix thoroughly until there is not a single solid particle left. The use of the resulting solution is similar to other types of flux. The undoubted advantage of such a substance is its absolute harmlessness and safety.

You can also use citric or acetic acid, but they are not as effective as soldering. They are already sold in a diluted form, so no additional manipulations with them are required.

Another option is concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is one of the main components of the original flux, but can also be used to make soldering acid at home. Due to its high aggressiveness, it allows you to qualitatively get rid of a wide variety of types of pollution and guarantees reliable protection. However, it is hazardous to health and can corrode delicate parts, so these aspects should be taken into account when soldering.

Active soldering fat has proven itself well, which copes well with pollution. Also, its undoubted advantage is ease of use and ease of placement on the surface of the product. However, like soldering acid, it is a highly aggressive substance that poses a risk to human health and is not recommended for use with thin metal products.

A worthy alternative to soldering acid is phosphoric acid. It is easy to use, affordable, copes well with oxide, grease and other films and deposits, but at the same time it is gentle on metals.

In the absence of the original soldering acid at hand, you can independently prepare a replacement for it at home. Of course, she will not have such a rich composition, but she will still perfectly cope with the tasks assigned to her.

Conclusion

Instead of traditional soldering acid, you can use a lot of other substances that have different properties, but are similar in their action. Some of them should be used with caution, keeping in mind their high aggressiveness, while others are absolutely safe, both for metal and for humans. For each specific case, you can choose the most suitable analogue in terms of its properties, which will allow you to painlessly transfer the absence of soldering acid.
For many types of fusion welding, a special welding wire is used, which differs in size, diameter and properties.

Welding and soldering are two opposite processes for joining metal parts together. During welding, due to the high temperature and melting of the metal, the surfaces of the parts are connected. Soldering acid allows you to firmly connect parts in a completely different way. Every master who repairs various equipment at home should know about what this substance is.

The essence of soldering acid

With the help of soldering acid, surfaces of different materials can be joined by introducing molten material between these parts. It's called solder. It has a lower melting point than metal.

The solder should be evenly distributed over the surface of the elements and provide good tenacity with the base. After cooling, it hardens and provides an inseparable connection of the workpieces.

The effectiveness of the presented process depends on the cleanliness of the bases on which the soldering will be applied. Soldering acid is used to prepare the surface of parts. Without it, the process will be unsatisfactory, and the desired result will not be achieved.

What is soldering acid for?

To perform its direct functions, the presented substance performs a number of actions. It initially cleans the surface of the workpieces from impurities and oxides. In addition to its main function, the acid prevents the appearance of traces of oxidation in the future on various types of parts.

By reducing the surface tension of the solder, soldering acid contributes to its more uniform spreading over the surface. This leads to a reliable connection of the parts.

For different metals, suitable types of soldering acid are used. It should also be borne in mind that such a substance is a good conductor. Therefore, if the passage of electric current in this way is undesirable, the scheme for the flow of electricity should be calculated.

Varieties of soldering acid

To understand how to solder with soldering acid, you should consider its varieties. There are liquid, powder, or paste fluxes (as soldering acid is sometimes called).

At home, soldering acid is most often used for soldering copper, silver, brass, nickel and their alloys - rosin. This substance is obtained from the resin of coniferous trees. This happens by evaporating turpentine out of it.

Soldering cast iron, steel and iron will require an aqueous solution of zinc chloride. Such a soldering acid contains ZnCl. Zinc chloride is obtained by melting zinc metal in hydrochloric acid.

Orthophosphoric soldering acid is quite common. Its composition contains 1/3 ethyl alcohol. This substance is fireproof. However, it should be stored strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Orthophosphoric acid

Another type of soldering agent is phosphoric acid. It has the formula H 3 PO 4 . It is used for alloying chromium and nickel. However, it is not used in its pure form. In the composition of the solution, the acid occupies only 32%. Another 6% is allocated to rosin.

Sometimes orthophosphoric soldering acid, the composition of which is diluted with zinc chloride, may have a mass content of the latter from 50% to 0.005%. The mass fraction of the insoluble residue is 0.001%, and ammonia is not more than 0.5%. The maximum pH level for such a solution is 2.9%.

Under normal conditions, the substance appears as colorless crystals with hygroscopic characteristics. It dissolves well in water. Therefore, if it accidentally gets into the eyes, rinse the mucous membranes for 10 minutes with running water.

Making at home

On sale, the presented substance is freely available. However, the craftsmen are still wondering how to make soldering acid at home. This is fairly easy to do with the right chemicals.

This will require zinc, hydrochloric acid in the proportion of 412g Zn and 1 liter of HCl. Zinc is placed in a glass, porcelain or ceramic container. Then hydrochloric acid is added to the laboratory glassware. This should be done very carefully. Hydrochloric acid in the container should not be more than ¾ of its volume.

To understand how to make soldering acid, you should be familiar with the course of a chemical reaction. As a result, hydrogen will be formed (bubbles will come out). When this stops, the liquid will brighten and become transparent. After that, it is poured into another dish and tightly closed with a lid.

Not finding soldering acid at home and even the ingredients for its preparation, you can replace it with aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid. It is necessary to work with such a flux in a well-ventilated area. When heated, aspirin emits caustic fumes, so the technology for using such a substance differs from the usual one.

For tinning, the parts are sprinkled with acetylsalicylic acid powder. Sometimes the wires are placed on a tablet and heated with a soldering iron.

When deciding how to replace soldering acid, you should pay attention to the VTS flux. It is made from salicylic acid. VTS reliably protects parts from corrosion, so it is often used in the repair business.

How to use soldering acid

To understand how to use soldering acid, you should refer to the technology of its application. Depending on the manufacturer, substances differ in the method of application. It can be a dropper-shaped neck or a jar with a brush.

If the product is not equipped with special means of applying it to the part, you can even use just a piece of paper rolled into a tube.

Before applying the acid, the part must be cleaned. This is best done with a file or sandpaper. A serious attitude requires the application of a substance such as soldering acid. How to use it is necessarily indicated by the manufacturer in the instructions.

The substance should be evenly distributed throughout the part. At the end of work, any flux is removed from the surface of the part. This is necessary to prevent the accelerated process of oxidation of the surface of the workpiece and the solder itself.

Acid can be removed with water or soda solution. Residues of VTS are washed off with acetone or ethyl alcohol. The tip of the soldering iron melts some solder and transfers it to the surface.

Precautionary measures

To avoid unpleasant incidents, you should carefully adhere to the rules for storing the presented substance. It should be stored in a tightly closed container, out of reach of sunlight, heat and children. The substance is stored at a temperature from -25°С to +35°С.

Soldering with soldering acid is carried out in a well-ventilated area. Before starting work, it is necessary to open all its windows wide open. Even after completion of work, the room must be ventilated for at least 30 minutes.

In the process of soldering, it is necessary to use protective equipment for the respiratory tract, eyes and skin of the hands. In case of accidental contact of the substance with the skin of the hands or in the eyes, thoroughly rinse this area with running water for a sufficiently long time.

If soldering acid gets on various surfaces, they should be cleaned with a soda solution, which is washed off with water after treatment.

Having become acquainted with the essence of such a substance as soldering acid, you can safely use it in the process of repairing various equipment. Knowing its composition, as well as ways to replace the acid at home, it will not be difficult to process parts before soldering. This technology will help to extend the durability of the functioning of equipment and mechanisms of varying complexity. By performing work in accordance with safety regulations, you can not be afraid of unwanted incidents that can harm your health.