What is a nautical mile and what is the sea knot? How it appeared and what is equal to one nautical mile.

MARITIME MILE

MARITIME MILE

(Nautical mile) - the length of 1 "arc of the meridian, considering the Earth as a ball, the volume of which is equal to the volume of the earth's ellipsoid. Then the value of the nautical mile is determined from the equation:

n= 2π R/360 60 = R arc 1\",

and according to the specified condition, where is the semi-major axis of the terrestrial spheroid, b- small semi-axis.

If we take the values ​​of these semi-axes according to the data of the Clark spheroid, then n comes out to be 1853.3 m = 6080.4 ft. But in the USSR, all maps are built on the basis of data from the Bessel spheroid, therefore, by the circular of the Hydrographic Department No. 317 of 8/VII 1931, the value of the nautical mile was set at 1852.0 m, which corresponds to the length of 1 \" of the arc of the elliptical meridian at a latitude of 45 °, i.e., the value:

(a + b)/2 arc1\"

according to the Bessel spheroid.

If we take 1 \" of the arc of the elliptical meridian as a unit for measuring distances, then the divisions of the vertical frames of the map will represent such a scale. This value changes with latitude from 1842.7 m= 6045.7 feet at equator before 1861.3 m= 6106.7 feet at the poles. Difference 18.6 m, component 1% lies outside the accuracy of measuring distances with a lag.

Our standard nautical mile in 1852.0 m = 6076.1 feet is used for grading the lag scale and for various calculations.

The British consider a nautical mile equal to 6080 feet. and call it "Admiralty knot".

The length of 1 \" of the earth's elliptical meridian, that is, a value that varies with latitude, they call "Nautical mile" or "Sea mile".

In other countries, where other values ​​​​are accepted for the semiaxes of the ellipsoid and b or where the radius of an imaginary terrestrial globe, replacing the terrestrial ellipsoid, is determined not from a comparison of volumes, but by other methods, for example. by comparing surfaces, there and for the nautical mile, values ​​\u200b\u200bare obtained that are slightly different from 6080 feet, but close to them. The table below shows the nautical mile lengths adopted in various states.

States	Nautical mile length
Germany
Holland
Portugal

Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941

sea ​​mile

a unit for measuring distances at sea, equal to the length of the arc of the earth's meridian in 1 '. In different countries, the mile is defined at different latitudes, so it has different values. In Russia, the nautical mile is taken at latitude 44 ° 30 'and is 1852 m, in the UK and Japan - 1853.18 m, in the USA - 1853.24 m, in Italy - 1851.85 m. The international nautical mile is 1852 m.

Edwart. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010

Mile Marine

nautical unit of length used for measurements at sea, equal to 1852 m. The old Russian mile was equal to 7.468 m.

Edwart. Marine Dictionary, 2010

See what "MILE MARINE" is in other dictionaries:

NAUTICAL MILES, a unit of measurement for distances at sea. It is defined as the length of one minute of the Earth's circular arc. The international nautical mile is 1852 m (6076.04 ft), in the UK the nautical mile is 6080 ft (1853.18 m). Speed ​​equal to 1 ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

1 nautical mile equals 1852 m Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

sea ​​mile- a unit for measuring distances at sea, equal to the length of the arc of the earth's meridian in 1. An international nautical mile is equal to 1852 m... Marine Biographical Dictionary

sea ​​mile- MIL NAUTICAL, equal to the length of one minute of the earth. meridian. For the first time the value of sea. M. b. was established in France in 1880, and the length of 1/4 of the circle of Paris was used to calculate it. meridian, to heaven after a series of measurements b. determined in ... ... Military Encyclopedia

In order to find out how many meters are in a nautical mile, you need to use a simple online calculator. Enter in the left field the number of nautical miles you want to convert. In the field on the right you will see the result of the calculation. If you need to convert nautical miles or meters to other units, just click on the appropriate link.

The nautical mile is a non-systemic unit of measurement, its use is not recommended, but it is allowed. Nautical miles measure distances at sea. There are 1,852 meters in one nautical mile, and 0.5399568 nautical miles in one kilometer. This value was put into circulation in 1929 at the international hydrographic conference in Monaco without a designation; in practice, the nautical mile is abbreviated as M, NM, Nm, nmi.

The length of a nautical mile since the time of Mercator was considered to be 1 minute of a degree of the meridian arc (1/21600 of the length of the meridian arc). Since the earth's surface is spherical, the value of 1 minute of a meridian degree is different at the poles (1,861.6 m) and at the equator (1,842.9 m). The unified value is equal to the length of a minute of a meridian degree at a latitude of 45º (1,852.2 m). This unit of measurement is convenient for navigation, as it is both an angular and a linear measure. Prior to 1955, the US nautical mile was 1,853.248 meters or 6,080.20 feet.

What is "meter"

Meter (m, m) is one of the seven basic units of the International System (SI), also included in the ISS, MKSA, MKSK, MKSG, MSK, MKSL, MSS, MKGSS and MTS. A meter is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. From the definition adopted in 1983 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, it follows that the concept of "meter" is tied to the second by means of a universal constant (the speed of light).

In Europe, for a long time there were no standard measures for determining the length. An urgent need for unification arose in the 17th century. With the development of science, a search began for a measure based on a natural phenomenon and allowing calculations in the decimal system. Then the "Catholic meter" of the Italian scientist Tito Livio Burattini was adopted.

In 1960, the man-made standard was abandoned and until 1983 the meter was the number 1,650,763.73 multiplied by the wavelength of the orange line (6,056 Å) of the spectrum emitted by the isotope of krypton 86Kr in vacuum. This prototype is now out of use. Since the mid-70s of the last century, when it became possible to determine the speed of light as accurately as possible, the existing concept of a meter was adopted, tied to the speed of light in a vacuum.

Nautical mile is a unit of distance used for navigation and aviation.

Since the Earth is actually a sphere shape, but a geoid (oblate at the poles), the one-minute meridian corresponds to approximately 1862 m and 1843 m to the equator (about 1852 m on average).

According to the modern definition adopted in the 1929 International Monograph on Hydrophotography, international nautical mile exactly 1852 meters.

The nautical mile is not an SI unit, but its use is permitted as defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, although it is not recommended.

There is no commonly recognized name; Sometimes the abbreviations "NM", "nm" or "nmi" (from English) are used. nautical mile). It should be noted that the abbreviation "nm" coincides with the officially accepted nanometer mark.

British nautical miles before the transition to the international system (until 1970) = 1853 184 meters.

This is because we wanted to simplify the translation from English miles to sea. One mile (5280 feet) was added 800 feet and the English nautical mile (Admiralty Mile) was 6080 feet.

Nautical miles of the United States before moving to the international system (until 1955) = 1853248 meters or 6080.20 meters.

See also

Write a review for "Sea Mile"

links

• Bureau of International Studies and Communications (BIPM): 8th edition.

  ISBN 92-822-2213-6.

• Bureau International des Disorders and Mesures: Le Système International (SI), 6e édition, 199, ISBN 92-822-2112-1
• A. Sacklowski: Einheitenlexikon, Entstehung, Anwendung, Erläuterung von Gesetz und Normen, Berlin: Beuth-Verlag, 1986 (Beuth-Kommentare) ISBN 3-410-11988-4

Nautical mile passage

When several Austrian soldiers passed, Rostov noticed that the next part of the line (which was the guard) had already entered the business.
"So much better!"

I'll look around, he thought.
He rode almost to the front. Some riders have gathered against him. These were our Lancers, who returned from the attack in disordered ranks.

Rostov wore them, he involuntarily noticed one of them in his blood and bent down again.
"I don't care!" he thought.

Before he could ride a few hundred paces after that, on the left side to intercept him, a huge mass of cavalry on a black horse, with a white shining uniform, standing in front of him appeared all over the playground. Rostov set his horse at full gallop to get out of the way of these cavalrymen, and he would have left them if they were walking anyway, but everyone added speed, so some of the horses jumped.

Rostov became more and more audible, and their bells and weapons became their sounds, and their horses, figures and even faces became more visible. It was our horsemen who attacked the French cavalry, which came out against them.
The riders galloped, but they still have horses. Rostov already saw his cheeks and heard the order: "Campaign, march!" The officer who pulled the bloody horse into full swing said it.

Rostov, who is afraid of being crushed or entangled in an attack on the French, he moved along the front, what was the urine of his horse and has not yet crossed.
Rock Guardian, a huge enlargement of the speckled man, angrily angered Rostov in front of him, whom he urgently had to face. This Guardsman almost hit Rostov with his Bedouin (Rostov I felt so small and weak compared to those big men and horses) if you didn't think of waving your whip in his cavaliergar horse's eyes.

Ravens, a heavy five-horse horse, are always right in giving ears; but the pockmarked Guardsman dragged her hips to swing her big paws and horses, waving her tail and speeding her neck even more. As soon as the horse guards passed Rostov, he heard their cry: "Hura!" And when I looked back, he saw that their front row was mixed with other people, probably the French, cavalry in red elephants. There was nothing to be seen, as it was right after the pistol was fired, and everyone was dressed in smoke.

Nautical mile is a unit of distance used for navigation and aviation.

At first, a nautical mile was defined as the length of a great circle on the surface of the world, which measures one minute of arc. This movement to one nautical mile along the meridian roughly corresponds to the change in geographic coordinates per minute of latitude.

Since the Earth is not really spherical, but a geoid (flattened by the poles), one minute of the meridian corresponds to about 1842 m at the pole and 1843 m at the equator (about 1852 m on average). According to the modern definition adopted in the 1929 International Monograph on Hydrophotography, international nautical mile(International nautical mile) exactly 1852 meters.

The nautical mile is not an SI unit, but its use is permitted as defined by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, although it is not recommended. There is no commonly recognized name; sometimes the abbreviations "NM", "nm" or "nmi" (from the English nautical mile) are used. It should be noted that the abbreviation "nm" coincides with the officially accepted nanometer mark.

International nautical mile = 10 cables = 1/3 nautical leagues

The nautical miles of Great Britain before the transition to the international system (until 1970) were 6080 feet = 1853184 meters.

This is because we wanted to simplify the translation from English miles to sea. One mile (5280 feet) was added 800 feet while the English nautical mile (Admiralty Mile) was 6080 feet [ source not identified for 313 days]

Nautical miles of the United States before moving to the international system (before 1955) = 1853248 meters or 6080.20 meters.

See also

remarks

links

© wikiredia.ru

In order to find out how many nautical miles are in a kilometer, you need to use a simple online calculator. Enter in the left field the number of kilometers you are interested in that you want to convert. In the field on the right you will see the result of the calculation. If you need to convert kilometers or nautical miles to other units, just click on the appropriate link.

What is "kilometer"

A kilometer (km, km) is a multiple of a meter reference unit of distance measurement, widely used throughout the world.

In one kilometer there are 1,000 meters, 0.621 miles, 0.9374 versts, 1,094 yards, 3,281 feet, 1.057 x 10 - 13 light years, 6.67 x 10 - 9 astronomical units.

What is a "nautical mile"

The nautical mile is a non-systemic unit of measurement, its use is not recommended, but it is allowed.

Nautical miles measure distances at sea. There are 1,852 meters in one nautical mile, and 0.5399568 nautical miles in one kilometer.

This value was put into circulation in 1929 at the international hydrographic conference in Monaco without a designation; in practice, the nautical mile is abbreviated as M, NM, Nm, nmi.

The length of a nautical mile since the time of Mercator was considered to be 1 minute of a degree of the meridian arc (1/21600 of the length of the meridian arc).

Since the earth's surface is spherical, the value of 1 minute of a meridian degree is different at the poles (1,861.6 m) and at the equator (1,842.9 m).

The unified value is equal to the length of a minute of a meridian degree at a latitude of 45º (1,852.2 m). This unit of measurement is convenient for navigation, as it is both an angular and a linear measure. Prior to 1955, the US nautical mile was 1,853.248 meters or 6,080.20 feet.

Very often in English and American literature you can find not entirely clear metric units such as miles, feet, yards, inches - especially if the translator is too lazy to convert them into meters and kilograms that are convenient for our perception.

A mile (from Latin milia passuum - a thousand double Roman steps) is a travel measure for measuring distance.

1 mile = 1.609344 kilometers

The mile was used in a number of countries in antiquity, as well as in many modern countries before the introduction of the metric system of measures. In countries with a non-metric system of measures, the mile is still used today. The size of a mile is different in different countries and ranges from 0.58 km (Egypt) to 11.2 km (Old Bohemian mile).

• Ancient Roman (milliatrius): 1 mile = 1.598 km (according to other sources 1.480 km)
• Starorusskaya: 1 mile = 7 versts = 7.4676 km
• British and American: 1 mile = 8 furlongs = 1.6093 km
• Geographic (German): 1 mile = 1/15° equator = 7.420 km

Nautical mile- a unit of distance used in navigation and aviation.

The nautical mile was originally defined as the length of a great circle on the surface of the globe, measuring one minute of arc. Thus, a movement of one nautical mile along the meridian roughly corresponds to a change in geographic coordinates for one minute of latitude.

By modern definition, an international nautical mile is equal to 1852 meters (exactly).

International nautical mile = 10 cable

UK nautical mile = 1853.184 meters (until 1970).

The French had at least two miles - land and sea, and their dimensions were displayed as part of the length of the arc of the earth's meridian. How many kilometers in a land mile, calculated from 1/25 ° of the earth meridian, and this is 4444.4 meters, that is, almost 4.5 kilometers, similarly, a nautical mile, 1/20 ° of the earth meridian, and this is 5.555 km.

Milliatrius, she is the ancient Roman mile, equals 1.482 km. The old Russian mile was equal to seven versts, and now it is almost 7.5 kilometers, about the same value - 7420 meters is the German one mile. How many kilometers the Swedes and Norwegians equate to one mile is 10.668 km and 11.298 km respectively. True, after the adoption of the law on metric measures, both countries equated a mile to exactly ten kilometers.

How many kilometers in a mile are there now

Now there is a concept of two miles - nautical and land.

The nautical mile is equal to 1862 meters, the American land mile is equal to 1.609344 kilometers.

To calculate how many kilometers are in a mile, for an approximate value, simply multiply the number in miles by 1.6. That is, approximately 1609 meters are obtained. A nautical mile is also larger than a land mile and includes approximately 1,852 kilometers or 1,852 meters.

So, a car speed of 40 miles per hour would be approximately equal to the metric 65 kilometers per hour.

1 mile is equal to:

• 1.609344 km;
• 1609.344 m;
• 16093.44 dm;
• 1609344000 µm;
• 63360 inch;
• 1609344 mm;
• 160934.4 cm;
• 5280 ft;
• 1760 yards;

Mile

This measure of length came to us from antiquity and has many varieties and, as a result, values ​​- from 580 meters in an Egyptian mile to more than 11 kilometers in a Norwegian one. However, in the vast majority of cases, a mile is understood as a British (or American) mile - 1609 meters 34 centimeters. So if in a text or a movie you come across a mention of the length in miles, and you need to roughly estimate how much it will be in kilometers, feel free to multiply by 1.5. However, it is also necessary to distinguish the nautical mile, which is used in navigation and aviation - it is slightly longer and is 1852 meters.

Inch

According to legend, the length of the upper phalanx of the thumb was taken as the basis of the inch. Of course, finger to finger is different, and therefore the generally accepted value is 2.54 centimeters. So if now your child asks how tall Thumbelina was in Andersen's fairy tale, you can answer with accuracy.

Foot

Since a foot is 12 inches, it is quite easy to calculate the value: 30.48 centimeters. Thus, if you come across a value in feet, and you are more accustomed to being aware of it in meters, then simply divide it by three. So, the old sea wish “fair wind and seven feet under the keel” meant that 2 meters 10 centimeters should be enough so that the ship does not hit the ground.

Yard

That's three feet, or 91.44 centimeters. Since the yard is only slightly short of the meter, then if you do not need high accuracy, you can not even translate this metric unit. And the name of the famous comedy with Bruce Willis "The Nine Yards" no longer seems like an incomprehensible set of letters. (However, in fairness, we note that the name is a phraseological unit and is translated as "everything to the end, without a trace").

Acre

A word that is often used in crossword puzzles and is the answer to the question "English measure of area." Indeed, by an acre, the ancient English meant a piece of land that a pair of bulls cultivates in a day. An acre is exactly 4046.86 square meters, or approximately 1/250 of a square kilometer. You will not envy that pair of bulls, which will have to process a square kilometer of land - after all, they will have to work for eight whole months!

Lb

Not to be confused with foot! If a foot means distance, then a pound means the mass of an object. By the way, the pound sterling was originally a pound of silver coins, 453.6 grams, that is, almost half a kilo. Very often, modern exercise machines such as a bicycle or a treadmill offer to enter body weight before starting a session. Be careful, because if the simulator is made in England or the USA, then most likely it asks you to specify the weight in pounds. But this is not a problem - just double your weight in kilograms and report it to the simulator. (But when starting to cook according to old Russian cookbooks, keep in mind that the Russian pound is smaller, only 410 grams.)

Ounce

This is 1/16 of a pound, which is 28.35 grams. It is used in medicine for weighing preparations, as well as in perfumery. Look at the packaging of your perfume - you will probably find a designation like 3.3 fl. oz. - this is the designation of the mass (or, more precisely, volume) of perfume in ounces.

For most cases, the listed units will be enough, so now you do not have to puzzle over the English notation for length or mass. Simple rules will not only keep your peace of mind when reading an interesting book that has not been processed by a lazy translator, but will also make you more erudite. After all, if a penalty kick in football breaks through from a distance of 12 yards, then it’s not so difficult to convert this value into meters, right?

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Back in the days of the ancient Romans, one land mile was equal to 1000 steps. Later, a specific figure was set - 1609 meters. The length of a nautical mile was 1852 meters. Where did this one come from?

A bit of history...

It was inconvenient for sailors to use statute miles to measure the speed of a ship. Especially, there were unjustified risks during emergency work. From the raging elements during the storm, the life of sailors was in great danger. Under such conditions, it was not possible to use land measurements.

Therefore, we found a more suitable option. They took a heavy log and threw it overboard. Then they counted how many knots will pass through the sailor's hands for a certain period of time before the rope is pulled.

Empirically determined the distance between the nodes and the time interval. There are different versions about the exact definition. One of them, when the distance between the nodes averaged 15 meters. It took 30 seconds in time.

It was practical and rational. The countdown was measured with an hourglass. All that remained was to count the knots and look at the sand. The task could be performed even by an illiterate sailor.

We summed up these studies and found out. The length from one knot to another to the tension of the rope is 15 meters, in time it takes 30 seconds. By simple arithmetic operations, the average speed of the ship was calculated. Thus, one nautical mile was 1852 meters in one hour.

Further developments

With the development of navigation, even greater convenience was introduced. One nautical mile became equal to one minute along the meridian. 1 degree equals 60 minutes. This will be 60 nautical miles. The nautical mile has become convenient for calculating navigation tasks.

Therefore, the navigators began to measure the distance with a compass. By attaching it to the scale, they recognized the distance in nautical miles. For example, to find out a distance of 30 miles, 30 minutes of arc on any meridian marked on the map is enough with a compass.

Now, of course, all equipment is computerized. There is no need to use outdated methods, but the nautical mile, as a unit of distance, has remained unchanged and amounted to 1852 meters. It is called navigational or geographic.

The knot is used in shipping as the basic unit of speed. Nautical miles and knots are the same clear and familiar measurements at sea as kilometers and meters on land.

Sources:

• Units. What is the SI system?
• Why are nautical miles different from land miles, while nautical and land kilometers are the same?
• Why is a nautical mile different from a land mile?
• What is a nautical mile and what is the sea knot?

Speed ​​on land is measured in units of time taken to travel one kilometer - kilometers per hour. On the water, speed is measured in knots - special units that are characteristic only for navigation.

According to encyclopedic dictionaries, a knot is a measure of length equal to 1 nautical or 1852 meters. Thus, a ship moving at a speed of one mile per hour, or 1 knot per hour, covers a distance of one kilometer and 852 meters in one hour. What is the reason for such, at first glance, strange features of taking measurements in shipping and?

Node Birth

What does nautical mile mean?

Nautical mile - approximately two kilometers, or rather, 1852 meters. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia mentions that this value was approved in 1929 at the International Hydrographic Conference. It is considered correct in the CIS countries and a number of other states, although it is not included in the list of the international system of units.

Where did the meaning come from? It is known that the distance of 1853 meters is the approximate linear length of one minute of latitude, that is, 1/60 of the meridian arc. It should be noted that this length of the meridian corresponds only to the average latitudes of the globe. We add that a nautical mile contains 10 cables.

The value of the nautical mile in the UK was slightly different, where until 1929 it was assumed that 1853 meters. This was due to the convenience of converting an ordinary mile into a nautical mile. In this case, it was enough to add the number 800 to the mile to get the nautical mile in feet.

What does sea knot mean?

The sea node displays a certain speed of the vessel. A ship that has traveled one nautical mile per hour has made one nautical knot. The number of nautical miles a ship travels in one hour is equal to the number of knots. Moreover, it is not customary to talk about the speed of the vessel, as the number of knots per hour. If it is indicated that the ship makes twelve knots, it means that it overcomes the same number of miles in sixty minutes.

Why did the maritime knot get its name? It turns out that this concept is associated with a marine instrument that previously measured the speed of a vessel - a lag. The lag was a long load that was thrown overboard. The rope was pre-knotted in 50-foot increments. After that, the captain or his assistant counted the number of knots on the cable that would sink into the water in a certain time. Their number corresponded to the speed of the ship.

Nowadays, the speed of a ship in knots is rarely measured, only in Britain it is customary to talk about nautical per hour. In most countries, maritime transport speed is measured in kilometers per hour.

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Instruction

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The easiest and most effective way to quickly earn qualifying miles is to fly with Aeroflot and partner airlines. With every flight, you earn at least 500 bonus miles, and if it's a long-haul flight, even more. The most profitable are flights in business class, for which sometimes double or even more is charged than for a flight in economy class. The airline's website is present, which allows you to calculate how many bonus miles you will receive in each case.

From time to time, Aeroflot holds various promotions, according to which much more miles are credited for flights in certain directions than usual. Of course, no one will buy a ticket to faraway lands just because this month you can get a large number of award miles for it. But if you are going on vacation anyway and have not decided yet, then why not see what offers Aeroflot has for you?

Not so long ago, Aeroflot joined the Sky Team alliance, which includes many of the largest carriers from around the world. Therefore, it is useful to find all boarding passes for the last year or two, and if any flights were made on aircraft of companies from this alliance, then you can safely enter their data on the bonus program website in order to credit miles to your bonus account. You can also use all Nordavia flights.

Non-qualifying miles are an opportunity to earn for non-frequent flyers. To find out how you can accumulate them, it is useful to go to the Aeroflot website from time to time and look at the list of partner companies for purchases from which you receive miles. The list of partners is constantly changing. These are all kinds of hotels, bank cards, and even mobile operators (Aeroflot's partner is Megafon). Sometimes, promotions that are beneficial in terms of miles are held together with partners.

Some ways of earning non-qualifying miles give you a good bonus when you sign up. So, when you open a bank card from which miles are credited for every purchase, you usually receive 500 welcome miles. The company also gives its customers a gift - a certain number of miles for their birthday, provided that the person is an active client and has accrued lately.

Bonus

Qualifying miles allow the participant who receives them to receive bonuses, as well as an elite "Silver" or "Gold" status in the Aeroflot-Bonus program. For flights over 500 miles, the member's account is credited with 500 qualifying miles, which are essentially a marketing tool. With the help of this tool, Aeroflot rewards passengers who frequently fly on its flights by accruing non-monetary conventional units in the form of qualifying miles.

Qualifying miles have no value and are used to account for the number of services provided to the passenger.

Each passenger participating in the Aeroflot Bonus program can open only one account in it, qualifying miles from which cannot be transferred or combined with miles and accounts of other participants in this program. In addition, a member may not transfer, sell or bequeath their qualifying miles account to a third party or use it to earn awards in other rewards programs.

Mileage Rules

Qualifying miles for a flight with Aeroflot or an airline that is a partner of the program are credited to the passenger's account once and regardless of the number of services or air tickets paid for by him. The accrual of qualifying miles occurs in accordance with the distance traveled between the point of departure and the point of destination - while they are credited to the account only after completed flights.

The program member receives qualifying miles as a percentage of the distance covered and depending on the fare indicated on his ticket.

Also, qualifying miles are credited to the passenger's account for each flight segment that corresponds to each flight ticket coupon. In the Aeroflot-Bonus program, these rewarding conditional units are credited exclusively for a flight coupon or air ticket already used by a passenger. At the same time, qualifying miles are not credited in case of lost, expired or unused tickets. They are credited to the account of the program participant automatically after the flight and within ten days after the flight date. Also, the number of a passenger participating in the airline's bonus program must be entered into the Aeroflot booking system.

Or adventures, in films about desperate sailors, in articles on a geographical theme and in conversation between sailors, the term “nautical mile” often slips. It's time to figure out what the length in shipping is, and why sailors do not use the kilometers we are used to.

What is 1 nautical mile equal to?

Initially, this value corresponded to the length of 1/60 degree of the arc of a circle on the surface of the Earth with a center coinciding with the center of the planet. In other words, if we consider any meridian, then a nautical mile will be approximately equal to the length of one minute of latitude. Since it is somewhat different from the outlines of an ideal ball, the length of 1 minute of a degree of the considered meridian may differ slightly depending on latitude. This distance is greatest at the poles - 1861.6 m, and least of all at the equator - 1842.9 m. To avoid confusion, it was proposed to unify the length of the nautical mile. The length of 1 minute of a degree at 45º of latitude (1852.2 m) was taken as the basis. This definition has led to the fact that the nautical mile has become convenient for calculating navigational tasks. For example, if it is necessary to measure a distance of 20 miles on a map, then for this it will be enough to measure 20 arc minutes with a compass on any meridian plotted on the map.

Beginning in 1954, the international nautical mile (1852 m) was used in the United States. In practice, it is often rounded up to 1800 meters. The official designation of this unit was never adopted. Sometimes the abbreviation "nmi", "nm" or "NM" is encountered. By the way, "nm" is the generally accepted designation of the nanometer. 1/10 international nautical mile = 1 cable = 185.2 meters. And 3 miles equals 1 nautical league. In the UK, their own nautical mile, equal to 1853.184 m, was often used before. In 1929, an international conference was held in Monaco on various issues of hydrography, at which the length of the nautical mile was determined at 1852.00 meters. Do not forget that a mile is not only sea, but also land. In this case, its length is 1.151 times less than the sea.

What is the relationship between a nautical mile and a knot?

The nautical mile, or, as it is sometimes called, geographical or navigational, has become widespread in geography, aviation and navigation. Closely related to it is the concept of the sea knot, which is used in shipping as the basic unit of speed. One knot is equal to one mile traveled per hour of the vessel's movement. The name "knot" is due to the fact that in the old days a lag was used on ships to measure speed. It was a log or a board in the shape of a triangle, to which the load was tied. A line (rope) was tied to this, on which knots were tied after a certain distance. The log was thrown overboard, after which, for a selected period of time (from 15 seconds to 1 minute), it was calculated how many knots would go into the water.

There are different versions regarding the distance between nodes. Some believe that it was 25 feet, and if one knot left in 15 seconds, then one nautical mile (100 feet / min) was obtained as a result. According to the second version, the knots were tied after 47 feet and 3 inches (14.4018 m), and the countdown was 28 seconds. In this case, one knot showed a speed of 101.25 fpm.

We hope that now you will not have difficulty in understanding marine terminology, and miles with knots will become as clear as familiar kilometers.