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What did Thaddeus Bellingshausen discover in geography. Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen, famous Russian navigator

Bellingshausen

Bellingshausen

Russian Antarctic research station on the island. King George (Waterloo) in the group South Shetland islands, near the north. tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Opened in February 1968 (the first Soviet station off the coast of West Antarctica). Serves as a base for route research. Named after the discoverer of Antarctica F. F. Bellingshausen.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Bellingshausen

Faddey Faddeevich (Fabian Gottlieb) (1778–1852), Russian navigator, discoverer of Antarctica, admiral (1843). In 1803–06 took part in the first round-the-world voyage of I.F. Kruzenshtern and made almost all the maps on this journey. In 1819–21 led a round-the-world expedition on the sloops Vostok (he was his captain) and Mirny (captain M.P. Lazarev). Near about. South George, four islands were discovered and it was found that the one found by J. cook“Sandwich Land” is an archipelago (South Sandwich Islands), from which the underwater South Antilles Range stretches. In January 1820, Bellingshausen saw the coast of the Antarctic continent in the area of ​​the Princess Martha Coast, and in February again approached the continent at 15 ° E. where the Princess Astrid Beach is located. Thus, the Bellingshausen expedition discovered the sixth continent - Antarctica. In July - August 1820, Bellingshausen discovered a number of inhabited atolls, and in January 1821 he again approached Antarctica and discovered about. Peter I and the mountainous coast of Alexander I Land. Bellingshausen compiled the first classification of Antarctic ice and determined the position of the South with great accuracy. geomagnetic pole. His name is immortalized in the names of the sea, an underwater basin, an ice shelf, three islands, a cape, a scientific station, and a number of other objects on the map of Antarctica.

Geography. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. A. P. Gorkina. 2006 .

Bellingshausen

Faddey Faddeevich (1778–1852), Russian naval figure, navigator, admiral (1843), discoverer of Antarctica.
Born on the island of Ezel (now the island of Saaremaa, Estonia) on September 9, 1778 in a family of Baltic noblemen. Since childhood, he dreamed of becoming a sailor, writing about himself: “I was born in the middle of the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”
In 1789 he entered the Kronstadt Naval Cadet Corps. He became a midshipman and in 1796 sailed to the coast of England. He successfully sailed around the Baltic on the ships of the Revel squadron, in 1797 he was promoted to midshipman (first officer rank). The love for science was noticed by the commander of the Kronstadt port, who recommended Bellingshausen I.F. Kruzenshtern.
In 1803–1806, Bellingshausen served on the ship Nadezhda, which participated in the expedition of Krusenstern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, which made the first Russian circumnavigation of the world. During this journey, he compiled and executed graphically almost all the maps included in Atlas for a trip around the world by Captain I.F. Kruzenshtern.
In 1810-1819 he commanded a corvette and a frigate in the Baltic and Black Seas, where he also carried out cartographic and astronomical research.
When preparing a new round-the-world expedition, Kruzenshtern recommended Bellingshausen, who had already become a captain of the 2nd rank, as its leader: “Our fleet, of course, is rich in enterprising and skillful officers, but of all of them, whom I know, no one, except Golovnin, can equal him." At the beginning of 1819, Bellingshausen was appointed "leader of an expedition to search for the sixth continent," organized with the approval of Alexander I.
In June 1819, the sloops Vostok under the command of Bellingshausen and Mirny under the command of a young naval lieutenant MP Lazarev left Kronstadt. On November 2, the expedition arrived in Rio de Janeiro. From there, Bellingshausen headed south. Rounding the southwestern coast of the island of New Georgia, discovered by Cook (about 56 degrees south latitude), he examined the southern Sandwich Islands. On January 16, 1820, the ships of Bellingshausen and Lazarev approached an unknown "floe continent" in the area of ​​the Princess Martha Coast. This day marks the discovery of Antarctica. Three more times this summer, the expedition explored the coastal shelf of the open sixth continent, crossing the Antarctic Circle several times. In early February 1820, the ships approached the Princess Astrid Coast, but due to snowy weather they could not see it well.
In March 1820, when navigation off the coast of the mainland became impossible due to the accumulation of ice, both ships headed for Australia in different ways and met at the port of Jackson (now Sydney). From it they went to the Pacific Ocean, where 29 islands were discovered in the Tuamotu archipelago, which were named after prominent Russian military and statesmen.
In September 1820, Bellingshausen returned to Sydney, from where he again went to explore Antarctica in the Western Hemisphere.
In January 1823, he discovered the island of Peter I and the coast, called the Coast of Alexander I. Then the expedition reached the group of the South Shetland Islands, where a new group of islands was discovered and explored, named after the major battles of the Patriotic War of 1812 (Borodino, Smolensk, etc.) , as well as the names of prominent maritime figures of Russia. At the end of July 1821, the expedition returned to Kronstadt, having traveled 50,000 miles in two years and carried out extensive hydrographic and climatic studies. She brought valuable botanical, zoological and ethnographic collections with her. The success of the expedition was largely determined by the outstanding personality of the travel leader. He brilliantly owned a pen and vividly described in his diary both his scientific discoveries and the customs of the peoples he met. His book "Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the course of 1819-1821, carried out on the sloops Vostok" and "Mirny" aroused in many future explorers of Antarctica a passion for travel.
The Bellingshausen expedition is still considered one of the most difficult: the famous Cook, who was the first to reach the south polar ice in the 70s of the 18th century, having encountered them, even considered that it was impossible to move on. Almost half a century after Cook's expedition, Bellingshausen proved the inaccuracy of his statement and went to Antarctica on two small sailing ships not suitable for sailing in ice.
After the expedition, Bellingshausen was awarded the rank of Rear Admiral. For two years he commanded a naval crew, for three years he held staff positions, and in 1826 he led a flotilla in the Mediterranean. Participating in the Turkish campaign of 1828-1829, he was among those who besieged and took the fortress of Varna from the sea. After commanding a division of the Baltic Fleet. In 1839 he was appointed military governor of Kronstadt, chief commander of the port of Kronstadt. In this position, he did a lot for the port, founded the maritime library, and by the end of his life he rose to the Order of Vladimir I degree and the rank of admiral. In personal communication he was friendly, in extreme situations he was cold-blooded. He married late but had four daughters
On May 11, 1852, he died and was buried in Kronstadt, in 1870 a monument was erected to him there. A sea and an island in the Pacific Ocean, a cape on Sakhalin Island, an island in the Atlantic Ocean, an Antarctic ice shelf, as well as the discovery on February 22, 1968 at the southwestern tip of Antarctica - Cape Fidles (62 ° 12 "S, 58 °56" W) is a scientific station in the South Shetland Islands. It was the first Soviet station off the coast of West Antarctica.
Compositions: Bellingshausen F.F. Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the continuation of 1819, 20 and 21, carried out on the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny". Ed. 3rd. M., 1960.
Lev Pushkarev, Natalya Pushkareva
LITERATURE
Shokalsky Yu.M. Centenary since the departure of the Russian Antarctic Expedition under the command of F. Bellingshausen and M. Lazarev on July 4, 1819 from Kronstadt. - News of the State. Rus. geogr. Society. 1928. T. 60. Issue. 2.
Bolotnikov N. Ya. Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. - In the book: Russian navigators. M., 1953
Fedoseev I.A. F.F. Bellingshausen. - Issues of the history of natural science and technology. M., 1980. Issue. 67–68

Encyclopedia Around the World. 2008 .


See what "Bellingshausen" is in other dictionaries:

    Faddey Faddeevich (Fabian Gottlieb) (1778-1852), navigator, admiral (1843). Member of the 1st Russian circumnavigation of the world in 1803 06 under the command of I. F. Kruzenshtern. In 1819 1821 the leader of the 1st Russian Antarctic expedition on sloops ... ... Russian history

    Faddey Faddeevich (1778-1852), navigator, admiral. (1843). He participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the world 1803 06. In 1819, 21 was the leader of the 1st Russian Antarctic (circumnavigation) expedition on the sloops Vostok and Mirny, which opened in January ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

    The first Russian polar station (since 1968) off the coast of the West. Antarctica on about. King George (Waterloo), in arch. South Shetland Islands. Named after F. F. Bellingshausen ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Bellingshausen- Bellingshausen, Faddey Faddeevich ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

    I Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich, Russian navigator, admiral. He studied at the Naval Cadet Corps in Kronstadt. In 1803 06 participated in the 1st Russian ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    Bellingshausen baronial family. Bearers of the surname Bellingshausen, Faddey Faddeevich (1778 1852) a famous Russian navigator. Geographical objects Bellingshausen (Antarctic station) Soviet scientific Antarctic station ... Wikipedia

    Faddey Faddeevich (September 9, 1778 - January 13, 1852) navigator, admiral Genus. on the island of Ezel (now Sarema). After graduating from the Naval Corps (1797) he served in the Baltic. In 1803 06 he participated in the circumnavigation of the expedition of seafarers I. F. ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

    The first Russian polar station (since 1968) off the coast of West Antarctica, on King George Island (Waterloo), in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. Named after F. F. Bellingshausen ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    The first grew polar station (since 1968) off the coast of the West. Antarctica, on about. King George (Waterloo), in arch. South Shetland Islands. Named after F. F. Bellingshausen ... Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

    - ... Wikipedia

Bellingshausen and Lazarev: discovery of Antarctica

Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1778–1852), Russian navigator, admiral, participant in circumnavigations, leader of the first Russian Antarctic (circumnavigation) expedition on the sloops Vostok and Mirny, which discovered Antarctica and several islands in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in January 1820 .

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788–1851), Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral, made three round-the-world voyages, including in 1819–1821 the commander of the Mirny sloop in the expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen, who discovered Antarctica. Since 1833 he was the commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet and the ports of the Black Sea.

The fact that there could be a vast land beyond the Antarctic Circle, most geographers and navigators had no doubts. Another thing is that it was extremely difficult to swim in these icy latitudes. And after, in 1773, James Cook himself, confident in the existence of land there, declared its inaccessibility, attempts to break through to it ceased for a long time. Only at the beginning of the 19th century, English sailors discovered several small islands between 50 and 55 degrees south latitude. Captain W. Smith, passing in 1819 to the south of the Drake Strait, discovered an island there, which he called South Shetland.

By this time, Russia, inspired by the victory over the Napoleonic coalition and the increased influence in Europe and the world, realized itself as a great maritime power. Experienced sailors I.F. Kruzenshtern, O.E. Kotzebue and polar explorer Admiral G.A. Sarychev took the initiative to equip a Russian expedition to search for the southern mainland. After the highest approval of the project by Alexander I, the Naval Ministry already at the beginning of February 1819 formulated the scientific task of the expedition: “the discovery of the Antarctic Pole as close as possible” with the aim of “acquiring the most complete knowledge about our globe.”

Further, everything was done in the "best" traditions of the Russian authorities. It turned out that “the deadline is yesterday!” The start was scheduled for the summer of the same year. The sloop, a three-masted warship with guns on the upper deck, was recognized as the most suitable for carrying out such a serious state task. Such vessels were in the Russian Navy in the first half of the 19th century. In an administrative rush, the expedition was composed of the sloop "Vostok" (with a displacement of 985 tons) and transport, which was urgently converted into a sloop with a displacement of 884 tons called "Mirny". At the same time, both ships were not adapted to sailing in polar waters. In addition, Vostok and Mirny had different speeds - 18.5 and 14.8 km / h, respectively.

Vostok and Mirny left Kronstadt on July 4, 1819. During December, while exploring the vicinity of the island of South Georgia, Russian sailors discovered several islands and gave them the names of members of the expedition of officers M.D. Annenkova, A.S. Leskova, K.P. Thorson and I.I. Zavadovsky. The group of islands of the Marquis de Traversay got its name in honor of the minister of the sea. To the southeast, the ships passed to Sandwich Land, discovered by D. Cook, and found out that it was an archipelago. It was given the name of the South Sandwich Islands. After the discovery of an underwater ridge stretching for 3.5 thousand km in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean, Mirny midshipman Pavel Mikhailovich Novosilsky wrote: “Now it is obvious that from the very Falkland Islands a continuous mountain range continues under water, emerging from the sea with the rocks of Aurora, South George, Clark's Stones, Marquis de Traverse, Sreteniya and Sandwich Islands; the volcanic nature of this ridge is undoubted: the smoking craters on the islands of Zavadovsky and Sanders are clear proof of this.” Now this underwater ridge is called the South Antilles and is presumably considered an underwater continuation of the Andes.

Swimming took place in difficult weather conditions. For long weeks and months it snowed incessantly, it was replaced by continuous fogs, the ships were forced to maneuver almost blindly between huge ice floes and whole ice mountains - icebergs. During snow storms, the temperature dropped to minus five degrees Celsius, which in a hurricane wind corresponds to a temperature of minus twenty degrees and below.

The clear weather, which delighted the sailors on January 3, 1820, made it possible to approach South Tula, the land closest to the Pole, discovered by D. Cook, and discover that it consists of three rocky islands covered with eternal snow and ice. This gave reason to assume that there must be new islands or even the mainland behind them.

 From the book 100 great records of the elements author

author

Vitus Bering - Thaddeus Bellingshausen As you know, Russia is relatively late, only at the beginning of the XVIII century, joined the number of maritime powers. Nevertheless, several remarkable discoveries fell to the share of Russian navigators, which constituted an era in the history of the world geographical

From the book of 100 great Russians author Ryzhov Konstantin Vladislavovich

FADDEU BELLINGSHAUSEN The discoverer of Antarctica Thaddeus Bellingshausen was born in September 1779 near the city of Ahrensburg on the island of Saaremaa in Estonia. From early childhood, he dreamed of becoming a sailor. “I was born in the middle of the sea,” he later wrote. - Like a fish can't live without

From the book of 100 great geographical discoveries author Balandin Rudolf Konstantinovich

From the book of 100 great navigators author Avadyaeva Elena Nikolaevna

Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev The First Russian Antarctic Expedition of Captain 2nd Rank F.F. Bellingshausen and Lieutenant M.P. Lazarev, sea expeditions on the sloops Otkrytiye and Blagonamerenny under the command of M.N. Vasiliev and G.S. Shishmareva, on the brig

From the book Geographical discoveries author Khvorostukhina Svetlana Alexandrovna

Discovery of Antarctica Geographers of the 19th century were convinced that there was a mainland at the South Pole. This was confirmed by sailors of whaling and research ships approaching the polar islands of Antarctica. The first to come close to the mysterious mainland were the participants of the Russian

From the book Encyclopedia of the most mysterious places on the planet author Vostokova Evgenia

MYSTERIES OF ANTARCTIS A unique continent The sixth continent, discovered in 1820 by the Bellingshausen expedition, remains one of the most mysterious areas of the globe today. Antarctica is unique in its geographical position - it has access to the Atlantic,

From the book Encyclopedic Dictionary (L) author Brockhaus F. A.

Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (Mikhail Petrovich) - a famous admiral of the Russian fleet (1788 - 1851). At the end of the course in the naval corps, he went to England, where he served as a volunteer until 1808. From 1813 to 1816, commanding the Suvorov, he lived in Sitkha; more than 2 years (1819 - 1821) stayed in the academic

From the book 100 Great Records of the Elements [with illustrations] author Nepomniachtchi Nikolai Nikolaevich

The most terrible secret of Antarctica English polar explorer Robert Scott sought to be the first to reach the South Pole, but he was not lucky; Norwegian Roald Amundsen overtook him. Scott found a pennant at the coveted point, left by an opponent just a week before him.

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BE) of the author

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (LA) of the author TSB

    - (1778 1852), Russian navigator, admiral (1843). Member of the 1st Russian circumnavigation of the world 1803 06. In 1819, 21 leader of the 1st Russian Antarctic (circumnavigation) expedition on the sloops Vostok (see VOSTOK (sloop)) and Mirny (see ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

    - (1778 1852) Russian navigator, admiral (1843). Member of the 1st Russian circumnavigation of the world 1803 06. In 1819, 21 leader of the 1st Russian Antarctic (circumnavigation) expedition on the sloops Vostok and Mirny, which opened in January 1820 ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Russian navigator, admiral. He studied at the Naval Cadet Corps in Kronstadt. In 1803‒06 he participated in the 1st Russian circumnavigation on the ship "Nadezhda" ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

    Bellingshausen (Faddeus Faddeevich) the famous Russian navigator, was born on August 18, 1779 on about. Ezele, died January 13, 1852 in Kronstadt. He was brought up in the naval cadet corps, participated in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships in ... ... Biographical Dictionary

    - (1778-1852), navigator, admiral (1843). In 1797 he graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps (now in the building of the Higher Naval School named after M. V. Frunze; memorial plaque); served in the Baltic Fleet. In 1803-06, a member of the 1st Russian ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

    - (1778 1852), navigator, admiral (1843). In 1797 he graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps (now in the building of the Higher Naval School named after M. V. Frunze; memorial plaque); served in the Baltic Fleet. In 1803 06, a member of the 1st Russian ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

    Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeevich- (Fabian Gottlieb) (1778 1852) navigator, explorer. Pacific Ocean and Antarctica, adm. (1843), one of the members. founders Rus. geogr. about va. Genus. on about. Ezel (now Saaremaa Island, Estonia). Mor graduated. Corps (1797). In 1803 06 he took part in the first Russian ... Russian humanitarian encyclopedic dictionary

    BELLINGSGA / USEN Faddey Faddeevich (1779 1852) Russian navigator, admiral (1839). He graduated from the Naval Corps (1797), served on the ships of the Baltic Fleet. In 1803 1806 participated in the first Russian circumnavigation on the sloop Nadezhda under the command of ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

    - ... Wikipedia

    Bellingshausen, Faddey Faddeevich- BELLINGSHAUSEN, Taddey Taddeyevich, admiral, explorer of the Antarctic Ocean. Genus. in 1779, deceased. in 1852, at the age of 73, in the city of Kronstadt. As a young midshipman, he went on the first Russian round-the-world expedition on a frigate ... ... Military Encyclopedia

Books

  • On the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny" to the South Pole. The First Russian Antarctic Expedition, Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen. In 1819-1821, the author led the first Russian round-the-world Antarctic expedition. For 751 days of sailing, Antarctica was discovered - a continent-mystery, in the very existence of which ...
  • On the sloops VostokMirny to the South Pole. The First Russian Antarctic Expedition, Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen. In 1819-1821, the author led the first Russian round-the-world Antarctic expedition. For 751 days of sailing, Antarctica was discovered - a continent-mystery, in the very existence of which ...

Admiral F.F. Bellingshausen.

Outstanding navigator, discoverer Antarctica, Admiral of the Russian Imperial Fleet Faddey Faddeeevich Bellingshausen Ostsee German by origin. He was born on the island of Ezel (now Estonian Saarema) on September 9 (20), 1778 in a noble family; his real name - Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen.

At the age of 11 Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus who took a Russian name Thaddeus, enters the Naval Corps. His naval career was destined for him. He later spoke of himself as follows: “I was born in the sea; just as a fish cannot live without water, so I cannot live without the sea.”.

In 1795 Bellingshausen becomes a midshipman, the next year he makes a long voyage to the shores of England, and in 1797 he is promoted to midshipman and for several years serves on the ships of the squadron of the Baltic Fleet.

In 1803-1806 midshipman Bellingshausen I was lucky enough to participate in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships. On the "Hope" he went around the globe and proved himself from the best side. “Our fleet, of course, is rich in enterprising and skillful officers, but of all of them, whom I know, no one, except Golovnin, can equal Bellingshausen”- this is how the captain described it "Hope" and expedition leader Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern. By the way, most of the cards included in "Atlas for a trip around the world of Captain Kruzenshtern", were made by the hand of the future discoverer of Antarctica.

The sloops "Neva" and "Nadezhda" during a round-the-world voyage. Artist S.V.Pen.

At the end of the swim Thaddeus Bellingshausen receives the rank of Lieutenant Commander. In 1809-1819 he commanded ships - first a corvette "Melpomene" in the Baltic, and then frigates "Minerva" and "Flora" on the Black Sea, takes part in the fighting off the Caucasian coast.

In 1819, the captain of the 2nd rank F.F. Bellingshausen appointed head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition, which had purely scientific goals: to achieve "possible proximity to the Antarctic Pole" with the aim of "acquisition of the most complete knowledge of our globe". At the same time, participants in long-distance navigation were required to "every diligence and the greatest effort to reach as close as possible to the pole, looking for unknown lands".

And also “Bellingshausen was charged by the strong men of Freemasonry to find the island of Grande at the South Pole, where in a cave, in the middle of an unquenchable fire, there is the Book of Genesis, guarded by the spirits of darkness”. Do not laugh: this is not a quote from a tabloid newspaper, but from a solid 15-volume "History of the Russian army and navy" published on the eve of the First World War. And the author of the quoted chapter is the outstanding historian of the Russian fleet, Lieutenant Nikolai Kallistov(1883-1917). You just have to keep in mind that two centuries ago, ideas about the southern hemisphere were so vague that in the minds of even enlightened people, scientific knowledge easily coexisted with mysticism and all sorts of absurdities.

The Antarctic expedition included two - 985-ton "East" and 885-ton "Peaceful". The first of them commanded himself Bellingshausen, the second - a talented naval officer, Lieutenant Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev - in the future an admiral and one of the most prominent Russian naval commanders.

Admiral M.P. Lazarev.

move the first Russian Antarctic expedition, which lasted from June 1819 to August 1821, deserves a separate story. Here we list only its results: Russian sailors explored vast areas of the oceans, discovered the sixth continent - Antarctica, the islands of Shishkov, Mordvinov, Peter I - a total of 29 islands and 1 coral reef. For the first time, accurate surveys of the Tuamotu Archipelago were made, descriptions and maps were compiled, unique ethnographic, botanical and zoological collections were collected, and sketches of Antarctic species and rare representatives of the fauna were made.

Sloop "Vostok". Artist M. Semyonov.

Upon returning to Kronstadt Bellingshausen was promoted to captain of the 1st rank, and two months later - to captain-commander. Behind "immaculate seniority in officer ranks of 18 six-month naval campaigns" he became a Knight of the Order of St. George IV degree. He wrote a book about the course of the unprecedented expedition and its results. "Two-time surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world in the course of 1819, 1820 and 1821". True, it was published only in 1831 - 10 years after the completion of the voyage.

F. Bellingshausen's book "Double surveys in the Southern Arctic Ocean and sailing around the world ..." with applications.

All later career Bellingshausen- numerous voyages, military service, participation in hostilities. In the years 1822-1825, he occupied coastal posts, but after being promoted to rear admiral, for the next two years he commanded a detachment of ships in the Mediterranean. In 1828, being the commander of the Guards crew, he, along with his subordinates, traveled by land from St. Petersburg to the Danube and participated in the war with Turkey. On the Black Sea, he leads the siege of Varna and other Turkish fortresses, for which he is awarded the Order of St. Anna, I degree.

In December 1830 Bellingshausen becomes vice admiral and is appointed head of the 2nd division of the Baltic Fleet, annually sails with her in the Baltic. In 1839, he occupied the highest military post - he was appointed the chief commander of the Kronstadt port and the military governor of Kronstadt. Every year from spring to autumn, he is also the commander of the Baltic Fleet. In 1843 he was promoted to full admiral, and in 1846 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir I degree.

Monument to F.F. Bellingshausen in Kronstadt.

Admiral M.P. Lazarev subsequently recalled Bellingshausen as "skilled, fearless sailor", which at the same time was "warm soul man". Faddey Faddeyevich possessed rare qualities for his time: a broad outlook, a high cultural level, a humane attitude towards the lower ranks. He became the founder of the Kronstadt Maritime Library, one of the largest in Russia. In the same Kronstadt, he significantly improved the living conditions of ship crews, was engaged in the construction of barracks and hospitals, landscaping the city, and achieved an increase in meat rations for sailors. According to maritime historian E.E. Shvede, after the death of the admiral, a note was found on his desk with the following content: “Kronstadt should be planted with such trees that would bloom before the fleet goes to sea, so that the sailor gets a particle of the summer tree smell”.

Biography

Thaddeus Bellingshausen was born on September 9, 1778 on the island of Ezel. In 1789 he entered the Naval Cadet Corps, located in Kronstadt. In 1795 he received his first naval rank, in connection with which he became a midshipman. In 1796 he traveled to the shores of England. In 1797 he became a midshipman.
In the period from 1803 to 1806, he took part in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships on the sloop Nadezhda under the command of Ivan Kruzenshtern. At the end of the voyage, become a lieutenant commander. In the period from 1826 to 1827 he commanded a detachment of ships in the Mediterranean Sea. In the period from 1828 to 1829 he took part in the Russian-Turkish war, where he was awarded the Order of St. Anna, I degree. In 1839 he became the chief commander of the Kronstadt port. In 1840 he was awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.

Remark 1

Named after him:

  • Bellingshausen Sea in the Pacific Ocean;
  • Cape located on Sakhalin;
  • Glacier;
  • Crater on the Moon;
  • Bellingshausen scientific polar station in Antarctica.

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Discovery of Antarctica

Since ancient times, people believed that in the southern polar region there is a large land that no one had previously explored. There were a lot of legends about her. Most believed that she was rich in gold and diamonds.

One of the famous English navigators, James Cook, made a trip in 1775 in order to find this mainland, but nothing came of it due to weather conditions.

The main task of the expedition was to get an answer to the question of whether there really is a sixth continent called Antarctica. But no one could have imagined such stunning results in the form of the discovery of the sixth continent called Antarctica, as well as a large number of completely new and unexplored islands. This contribution is undoubtedly the main contribution of Russian sailors to the exploration of our planet.

During the journey, the expedition almost came close to the coastal cliffs of the ice continent. After that, during the Antarctic winter, the expedition set sail in the Pacific Ocean, where several new islands were discovered.

After that, the expedition returned to the polar latitudes. The expedition members were awarded orders and were also promoted in their ranks.

The expedition of Fadey Fadeevich Bellingshausen made one of the main significant geographical discoveries. For the entire time of their journey, the ships circled around the entire Antarctic continent. During this time, a large number of completely new islands were discovered and mapped. In addition, unique scientific and ethnographic collections were collected, which are kept by Kazan University to this day. In addition, unique sketches of the views of Antarctica and the animals that were there were made.

This discovery immediately became the main outstanding geographical discovery. But, despite this, for a large amount of time, many scientists continued to argue about what was actually discovered. Was it the mainland, or was it just some group of islands that was covered in a lot of ice.

The continental nature of Antarctica was finally confirmed only in the middle of the 20th century as a result of a large number of studies carried out using very complex technical means.

Remark 2

In honor of this expedition, under the leadership of Bellingshausen, Russian stations located in Antarctica began to bear such names as "Vostok" and "Mirny".

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