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Problems HOW

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Director of the USSR

According to the degree of complexity of the design of the word "HOW" by commas in the sentence - and it can be adverb, particle, union, allied word and plural noun- he has no equal in Russian.

And how often in the minds of students there is righteous anger at those legislators of the rules of the Russian language who invented all THIS!!!

Let's try to figure it out.

"HOW" is an adverb!

When is "HOW" an adverb? But when: if in your sentence it can be easily replaced by the following expressions, given in italics:

—— Here's how ( how) it is necessary to pour it - glasses!
—— How ( to what extent / to what extent) it takes a long time, however!
—— How ( to what extent / to what extent) breathe something ... Lepota-ah!
—— How ( when) I'll be back, she'll get it from me!
—— Is it possible how ( somehow) cheaper?

Adverbs are not set off by commas just like that: unless they are parts of a more complex grammatical structure in which the comma is based on different rules.

Remember: if "how" can be safely replaced by the above expressions, then adverb"HOW" is NEVER separated by a comma. Neither left nor right.

"HOW" is a particle!

When is "HOW" a particle? And when emotions overwhelm, but at the same time a particle can be replaced by another particle. For example, “well, you give!”, “Damn it!” or just "damn" ... and the like.

We look at examples and remember:

—— How?! Have you come again? ( righteous anger)
—— How? ( simple question, didn't hear)
—— No money? ( complex questioning)
—— Right now, as ladies! ( a hint after a difficult questioning)
—— How is the prophetic Oleg going now ... ( poetic)

"AS"- particle also not separated by commas.

"HOW" - union!

We'll have to start by remembering what it is - union? Having honestly looked in dictionaries for the definition of this obscure, but very important part of speech in grammar, this is what we found: “A service invariable word that serves to connect words and sentences.” There is also a definition that is more difficult to perceive: “A union is a service part of speech that connects homogeneous members of a simple sentence and simple sentences of a complex sentence, and also expresses the relationship between these syntactic units.” Let us remember for now that either is a bond or a relationship.

The next thing about this difficult union is that it can be simply "HOW", or it can be an integral part of another union, for example: "SO AS". The phrase “HOW SO” is divided into the union “HOW”, the particle “SAME” and the union “SO” (which, in turn, can be not only a union, but also a pronoun and an adverb!). Not tired?

Thus, if you decide to write correctly, you should learn to isolate the union “HOW” from the host of other “HOW” that are not unions. For this is the root of the overwhelming number of spelling errors.

Examples of the spelling of the union "HOW":

—— I'm tired as a dog! (In this case, you need to pay attention to the fact that a comma is placed before "HOW"!)
—— Tired as a dog! (In this case, you need to pay attention to the fact that the comma before "HOW" is NOT put!)

The difference between these two similar sentences is that linguists have come up with the following rule: if the union “HOW” comes before a simple sentence or just a phrase or just a word, then a comma is put. If the union “HOW” precedes a comparative turnover, then a comma is not put. Understandably?

The second is another example explaining this unthinkable complexity:
—— He sits like on pins and needles! (It means that it twitches, in this case “like on pins and needles” a comparative turn and it can be safely replaced, for example, with the word “restless”, “nervous”!)
—— He sits like on pins and needles! (Meaning on sharp objects, there is no comparative turnover at all - “like on needles” can be replaced in this case with sharp objects, real, sharp objects!)

In principle, that's all the rules regarding putting commas before the union "HOW": you will be able to determine what follows after it - a comparative turn or an explanation - put / do not put the comma correctly. If you fail, you will wander in the dark for a long time!

All other types of use of "HOW" (except for the plural of the genitive case of a noun, which we would not even like to mention here!) belong to those types that characterize "HOW" as a union word. That is, it attaches subordinate clauses of the mode of action, additional clauses, clauses of time, other clauses.

In order to clearly distinguish subordinate clauses from non-subordinate clauses, and even more so from other types of sentences, you will have to take a short course in syntax (i.e., ways to combine words into phrases and sentences, a special section of grammar) of the Russian language. After passing through which you will find that in this very syntax in relation to "HOW" there is not only no order, but also something more or less similar to order. There are only prerequisites for establishing some semblance of order. Of course, with very eloquent exceptions.

Therefore, our recommendations are as follows (well, since science has not yet established this for sure!): Learn to distinguish subordinate clauses introduced by the allied word “HOW” from comparative turns and remember that the former are separated by commas, and the latter are not distinguished.

All other cases are tricky, not explained, and they just need to be remembered. Or contact the experts. Which, in turn, can give you mutually opposite answers.

A few examples to complete.

House is like a house. Hair black as pitch. Tell me how it turned out. Do it the right way. Your house is like hell. As you are, you are an idiot. These shoes are just right for me.

If you saw the internal logic - honor and praise to you. We don't see her. Meanwhile, this is how examples are given in dictionaries and reference books.

And a quote from here: http://orel.rsl.ru/nettext/russian/granik/sekr_punkt/05.htm is impossible not to quote:

We quote:
For example, in a sentence The air is clean and fresh like a baby's kiss a comma is required, but in sentences There was a forest like a dream and snow like a dream In no case should a comma be put, because in the first sentence it separates a comparative turnover, and in others there is no turnover.

There was a forest like a dream— no comparative turnover???

Particles are a service (one might say - auxiliary) part of speech.

Having no lexical meaning, they give different kinds of shades to words.

There are many particles in Russian, which are divided into:

• word particles. These include particles: either, or, then, and so on;
• shaping particles. These include the following particles: let, let, let, etc;
• modal or semantic particles.

They (modal particles) are subdivided in turn into:

• negative (not, neither);
• interrogative (is it, is it, etc.);
• affirmative (exactly, yes, so, etc.);
• amplifying (still, simple, even, etc.);
• clarifying (here, out, etc.);
• exclamatory (that - that, well, and so on);
• comparative (as if, as if, like, etc.);
• expressing doubts (hardly, hardly, etc.).

• In Russian, under such a concept as particles it is precisely the service and, together with this, auxiliary parts of speech that contribute to greater expressiveness and emotionality of speech.

  So here's a particle can be negative (it's not and also neither)

  The particle can still be shaping (let, come on, would)

  Also modal with an indication (over there), with a question (really, what), with an exclamation (how), with doubt (hardly), with limitation (only, exclusively), with amplification (still, after all).

  But about modals in more detail:

  Particles are part of speech. They can serve to form word forms or add emotional undertones to a sentence.

  Can be written separately or with a hyphen.

  Particles are divided into categories:

  • formative (subjunctive),
  • modal,
  • negative
  • characterizing a sign (action or state).

  Particles are classified by value into antiderivatives and non-primitives.

  They are divided according to composition into composite, simple, inseparable, dissected.

  

  In Russian, particles are one of the parts of speech, namely the service part.

  

  It is customary to extend all particles into three groups, or discharges.

  one). Shape particles. They participate in the formation of forms:

  a) the verb will command. incl. (let it go)

  b) conditional verb forms. incl. (would and b),

  c) forms of degrees of adjectives and adverbs (more, less).

  2). The well-known particles NOT and NI form a group of negative adverbs.

  3). Modal, or semantic, particles are a large group of particles with different shades of meaning.

  

  Example sentences with modal particles:

  Did you feel bad that you called your mother?

  Look how many toys scattered, is it really too lazy to remove?

  What's the gift?

  Particle- one of the official parts of speech. It introduces additional shades of meaning into the sentence, and can also form word forms.

  Shaping particles: let, let, yes, let's - form an imperative form together with the verb, for example: let them run, let's put up, let there be peace.

  Particle would forms the conditional mood of the verb: I would like, I would say, I would go.

  Particles that introduce different semantic shades are divided into

  affirmative(yes, yes, exactly, well, yes)

  negative(no, no)

  interrogative(really, is it, is it, or what),

  comparative(like, as if, as if, exactly, as if, like, as if),

  amplifying(even, still, after all, already, everything, after all, simply, directly),

  index(out, this, here)

  specifying(precisely, exactly, exactly, exactly),

  excretory-restrictive(only, only, at least, only, exclusively)

  exclamatory(what for, then, how, well, after all),

  expressing doubt(hardly, hardly).

  Particle- this is perhaps the most morphologically insidious service part of speech, which is able to form new words, word forms or bring new semantic shades into the context. The insidiousness of particles lies in the fact that in various sentences other parts of speech can turn into them.

  Word-formers.

  These are particles such as thenquot ;, somequot ;, somequot ;, orquot ;, other. At the school level, they are often considered morphemes: suffixes and prefixes. Therein lies the difficulty.

  Form-building.

  Come on, let's, let, let, yes, let. They form the conditional and imperative moods of verbs.

  And all the other particles can be grouped and called meaning-formingquot ;. And then, depending on the shades they form, you can again divide them into several small subgroups, which, as a rule, look something like this:

  1. interrogative: DO (should you tell?), UNDER (doesn’t he understand?), REALLY (do I really have to tell again?), A (but, didn’t you understand?);
  2. exclamatory words: WHAT FOR (well, what kind of nonsense is this!), WELL AND (well, you’re a scoundrel!), HOW (how cool, huh!), LOOK HOW (look how she jumps!), STILL (well, still he spoke differently!);
  3. affirmative: YES (well, yes, of course), SO (so, good), EXACTLY (only in the meaning of YES);
  4. amplifying: EVEN (look, he doesn’t even think!), SAME (he’s stupid as a cork), AND (yes, let him), BECAUSE (that’s impudent), NI (in the sense of strengthening denial or affirmation);
  5. negative: not, not at all, not at all; here everything is visible without examples;
  6. index: HERE (here is our Yegorushka), OUT (over there behind that pine tree), HERE AND (here the sun came out), THIS;
  7. clarifying: exactly, exactly, exactly, precisely;
  8. restrictive: only, almost, only, exclusively;

  This list is not all, but the most common particles.

  A particle is, first of all, a part of speech, it does not have an independent lexical meaning, but gives words various shades, for example, expressiveness, emotionality or concreteness, the concept of a particle is described below,

  

  It should be noted that the particles are also different.

  

  This is a service part of speech that gives the sentence additional meanings, shades of meanings, serves to form the form of a word, and can participate in word formation.

  Particles are negative, amplifying, shaping

  Particle is a part of speech. Has no independent lexical meaning, give words different shades(expressiveness, concreteness, emotionality)

  Particles do not change. Particles are not part of the proposal(but may be part of other members of the proposal). When syntactic parsing a sentence h astica is highlighted along with the word to which it refers or is not highlighted at all.

  Particles can be one word(such particles are called simple) - for example,

  or two (very rarely more than two) words(such particles are called composite) - for example, Ifquot ;.

  At the same time, some particles can be separated by words (for example, That would be ), and some cannot be (for example, Hardly).

  A particle is a service, auxiliary part of speech that can make speech more expressive, more emotional. First of all, the particles are divided into categories:

  • 1st rank: negative particles (not, neither);
  • 2nd category: shaping particles (come on, let's, let, let, would (b), yes);
  • 3rd category: modal particles, they, in turn, come with different shades of meaning:

  indication (out, out, out, here, here);

  question (is it, is it (l), really, really, what (for example: what, is it bad? );

  exclamation (how, what for);

  doubt (hardly, hardly);

  limitation / highlighting (especially, exclusively, only, only, almost);

  clarification (just, exactly);

  amplification (after all, the same, and even, really, after all, something);

  and, finally, easing the requirement(s).

Oh those particles! How much we taught, how much we trained, but we can’t remember: either we confuse them with conjunctions, or with adverbs. It makes me want to scream: "Help!"

First of all, remember that you can't learn particles as a "list". It is necessary to deal with the features of this service part of speech, the composition of which is constantly replenished.

It grows at the expense of conjunctions (a, and, yes, or, whether), adverbs (exactly, directly, barely, already), pronouns (what, everything) and even verbs (see, bish, let, come on, almost, something) . Such particles are considered derivatives by their origin. Actually there are not very many particles, the most famous are NOT, NOR, SAME, HERE, WON, -KA. These particles are non-derivative.

According to their composition, the particles are divided into simple and compound. When a particle consists of one word, then it is called simple (That's bad luck! Where did it go?). If from two words, less often from three, then it is already compound (I was just looking for you. Or not?).

Only by comparing similar words in a certain context can one correctly determine where the particle itself is, and where its homonym is a conjunction or adverb. It is best to clarify the differences in a sentence, because the particles and their "twins" immediately show special properties here.

Let's take four sentences as an example: The world is very big and very beautiful. And Moscow was not built right away. She explained everything simply and clearly. I just got lost in an unfamiliar place.

In the first sentence, the union And connects two homogeneous compound nominal predicates "big" and "beautiful". In the second - the particle And enhances the meaning of the subject "Moscow". Unions connect not only homogeneous members, but also parts of a complex sentence. And particles cannot be a means of communication, they play a completely different role: they bring additional semantic shades or help form the form of a word, but more on that later. In the third sentence, the adverb SIMPLY depends on the predicate "explained" and plays the role of an adverb of the mode of action. In the fourth, the particle SIMPLY is not a member of the sentence, it is impossible to put a question to it from the predicate "lost", and it only enhances the meaning of the sentence.

We use particles in almost every sentence, but we often don't notice these little "workers" of the language. And you can’t do without them, especially in colloquial speech, where they combine with each other and become composite: What a task! Oh yes Petka, dear rogue! So the lessons are over...

Shape-building particles are quickly remembered and easily recognized, there are not many of them:

BY, B serve to form the conditional mood of the verb, have the meaning of the possibility, the presumptiveness of the action, can take a different place in the sentence (If I were a magician, I would make all people happy.);

YES, GET, LET'S, LET, LET help the verb to form the form of the imperative mood and sometimes act in conjunction with the KA particle, expressing a softening of a demand or request: Long live peace on the planet! Let me read a book.).

We must not forget the particles that help form some comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs. The compound comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs is formed with the help of particles MORE, LESS: stronger, less fast; more quickly, less strongly. And the compound superlative for adjectives requires the presence of particles MOST, MOST, LEAST: the strongest, the fastest, the least successful).

There are elements that are considered word-building in their essence: -THAT, -OR, -EVERYTHING, SOME-, NOT-, NOR-. They participate in the formation of indefinite and negative pronouns and adverbs. These "building blocks" have lost their belonging to the particles, as they ceased to be separate words.

And yet, most often we are dealing with semantic particles, in some school textbooks they are called modal. Their types are especially numerous in meaning, and most importantly, they are difficult to remember. So get ready! At the beginning of the table are the particles most commonly used in speech. At the very end, three groups of particles are given, which often do not fall into the usual classification.

Particle Discharges

INTERROGATIONS are used to express a question.	Really, really, really, really, really, really, really	Are you gone? Is it close to the hour of goodbye? Is it really the same Tatyana? .. Are you sick? Shouldn't the window be closed? Did you come yesterday? Let's go, shall we?
EXCLAMATIONS are used to express emotions.	What the, how, like this, that's it, really, you see how, you see what, well, well, just	What a charm, these fairy tales! How beautiful all around! That's how miracles are! So believe them! And well done! Look how he screamed! Look how brave! Well, beauty, so beauty! Well, day! Just lovely!
INDEPENDENT are used to indicate objects, phenomena, events	Here, here, and, there, this	Here is a grove, here is a path. Here is the end. There is a book over there. This table was set for dinner.
NEGATIVE are used to express negation	Not, not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, not at all, not at all	Can't sleep. Not a hot day at all. It's not your fault at all. Far from poor. Don `t move! No, don't leave! - Ready? - Not at all.
REINFORCEMENTS serve to strengthen individual words	After all, even, and, well, really, oh, after all, but still, everything, not, and	Because I told you. Even you are against it. She didn't even think about leaving. What to do? You already know. Oh, this Fedya. He is still my friend. And yet she is spinning! She knits and knits. Didn't say a word. Yes, we will go home.
CLARIFIER serve to clarify the meaning of a single word	Precisely, exactly, just, exactly, exactly, exactly, approximately, almost, quite	She is ready to follow you. Just today you are very needed. I'll be waiting for you at five sharp. You are exactly like a grandfather. He laughs directly into your eyes. Approximately in April, we will begin preparations for graduation. I almost lost money. He is completely frozen.
HIGHLIGHTS are used to highlight and limit words	Only, only, only, only, only, only, only, exclusively, almost, at least, at least, at least	I only rest during work. Only he can help. We were there only once. Only I was left. Only once the gardens bloom. I won't have dinner, except for tea. Trusted mail exclusively to him. Almost everything is ready. Only He didn't know. At least drink some water. At least once you listened to the advice of elders.
WITH THE VALUE OF DOUBT serve to express doubt	Hardly, hardly, as it were, like, perhaps, you see	You can hardly find mushrooms now. It is unlikely that we will be able to pass here. No matter what happens. She promised to come. Is that borscht to cook. Look what you thought.
COMPARATIVE	As if, as if, as if	It's like I'm the only one to blame! Somewhere, thunder seems to be heard. The waves on Lake Baikal are like the sea.
Affirmative	Yes, so, okay, well, so exactly, that's it, but how, definitely	Yes, it didn't work out well. Yes, let's say. - Will you? - Good. - Follow orders! - Yes sir! - We agree with you. - That's it. - The lights are turned off? - But how! - You are ready? - Definitely.
WITH THE MEANING OF ANOTHER SPEECH	Allegedly, they say, they say, -de	My father says that I allegedly offended him. You said you didn't want to. Explained that, they say, I'm not like them. They laughed that he was a naughty fellow, but he climbs there!

It is a pity that scientists and methodologists did not come to a unified classification of particles, therefore, in some school textbooks, only five categories are called, in others, eight. How to be a teacher and students? The question is rhetorical!

Literature

1. Valgina N.S., Rozental D.E., Fomina M.I., Tsapukevich V.V. Modern Russian language. Ed. 2, add. and revised: publishing house "Higher School". - M., 1964. - S. 264-267.

2. Tikhonov A.N. Modern Russian language. (Morfemics. Word formation. Morphology). Ed. 2, stereo. - M.: Citadel-trade, ID Ripol Classic, 2003. - S. 436-442.

3. Dudnikov A.V., Arbuzova A.I., Vorozhbitskaya I.I. Russian language: Textbook for sredn. specialist. textbook establishments. - 7th ed., corrected. - M.: Higher. school, 2001. - S. 217-228.

4. Shklyarova T.V. Russian language. Handbook for schoolchildren and university entrants (manual for secondary school). - M.: Literate, 2002. - S. 260-268.

5. Voilova K.A., Goltsova N.G. Reference book on the Russian language. - M.: Enlightenment, 1996. - S. 127-137.

6. Bulatnikova A.E. Features of the study of particles / Russian language at school. - 1981. - No. 1. - S. 56-59.

7. Sokolova G.P. Once again about NE and NI... (Formation of spelling skills in repetition lessons) / Russian language at school. - 2003. - No. 5. - S. 15-23.

Instruction

If you need to learn how to find particles in the text, then first of all remember that this is a service part of speech. Therefore, you will not be able to put a question to this word, as, for example, to independent parts of speech (noun, verb, adverb, etc.).

Learn to distinguish the particle from other service parts of speech (prepositions, conjunctions). It is also impossible to put a question to them, as well as to particle m. But unions also perform a different job in a sentence. If prepositions connect words in syntactic constructions, and unions - or simple sentences as part of a complex one, then we need particles, for example, in order to form a mood in a verb.

Use the verb "to be friends" in the imperative and in the conditional. You need to use shape particles for this. So, the particles "would", "b" form the conditional mood "would be friends." But such particles as "let", "let", "yes", "come on", "let's" will help you express some kind of request or order, i.e. use a verb in the form: "let them be friends."

Keep in mind that particles are also necessary in order to express your thoughts: to clarify something, to express an affirmation or denial, to point out some detail, to soften the requirement, etc. For example, the particles "not" and "neither" will help you communicate the absence of something, the particles "only", "only" - to clarify something, etc. And in the sentence "Over there, beyond the mountains, the sun appeared" particle"out" indicates action.

Learn to distinguish the particle "neither" from the repeated union "neither". For example, in the sentence "I can neither cry nor laugh," the words "no-no" are a repeated conjunction, because they connect homogeneous predicates. But in the sentence "Wherever he was, he found friends everywhere," the word "neither" is a particle, because. introduces an additional meaning (statement) into the given syntactic construction.

Learn to distinguish between the particle "that", which is necessary to soften the requirement, from suffixes in indefinite pronouns or adverbs. So, in the sentence "Did you manage to exercise?" particle"that" helps to bring an additional shade. But in the adverb "somewhere" or in the pronoun "someone", "that" is a suffix, with the help of which new words are formed from and. Remember that particle"that" through a hyphen with .

Be aware that particles are not members of a sentence, like all other auxiliary parts of speech. But in some cases, for example, when using a verb with particle mi "not", "would", "b", they will play a syntactic role simultaneously with the predicate.

A particle can sometimes be confused with other service particles. Although it is not a full member of the sentence, it can introduce confusion, which can, for example, put an extra comma. From time to time it is worth repeating the school curriculum and refreshing the basic things in your memory in order to avoid simple mistakes.

The particle refers to the service parts of speech and serves to express various semantic shades of words and, as well as to form word forms. They are not members and do not change. All existing particles can be divided into two categories: semantic and formative.

Although particles are not part of a sentence, it is customary in school to emphasize a particle not along with the word to which it refers; As a rule, such a word is a verb.

Semantic particles, as the name implies, are necessary to express semantic shades, subtleties, and nuances. Depending on the value, they are classified into the following groups:
1) negative: not, nor, not at all, far from, not at all;
2) interrogative: is it really, is it (l);
3) index: here, out;
4) clarifying: exactly, directly, just, exactly, exactly exactly;
5) restrictive / excretory: only, only, almost, only, then;
6) exclamatory: what for, how, well (and);
7) amplifying: even, same, no, after all, really, all the same, well;
8) emollients: -ka, -that, -s;
9) with the meaning: hardly (whether), hardly (whether).

Form-building - these are the particles necessary for the formation or conditional inclination: would, let, let, come on, yes. Such particles are always components of the verb form, and therefore are part of the same member of the sentence as .
Some researchers distinguish an additional group of particles that do not fall under any of the above categories: they say, supposedly, they say.

Classifications

Particles are also by origin into primitive and non-primitive. The first group includes, basically, vernacular and little-used particles bish, vish, let them, they say, I suppose you see, those, tea, well, sir, in, de, and also yes, no, no, still. All other particles belong to the second group.

Please note that many particles in their properties are close to adverbs, conjunctions, interjections and introductory words.

There is a division and: into simple, composite, dissected and non-segmented particles. The first include all particles consisting of one, the second - formed from two or more words, the third - all particles that can be separated by other words (no matter how, if only not, let it be, rather, if only, at least, almost (it was), almost (if not), etc.), to the fourth - those that cannot be separated in any way. There is also a small group of so-called phraseologized particles: whatever (on) is, exactly the same, whether it’s the case, not otherwise (how), there is no such thing (look / wait).

Related videos

By itself, the word "particle" says that it is a small part of something. Ever since school, we remember the concept of a particle from the Russian language, as well as an elementary particle from the course of physics and chemistry. Let's figure out what a particle is in a particular science.

What is a particle in Russian?

In Russian, a particle is a non-significant or auxiliary part of speech, which serves to give shade to various words, phrases, sentences, as well as to form words, for example. It is possible to distinguish particles, like other service parts of speech - a preposition, conjunctions, interjections, by the fact that it is impossible to ask a question to them.

There are several types of particles:

1. Formative - they serve to form a verb of a conditional and imperative form. For example, "would", "let", "let", "come on". Unlike other particles, they are components of the verb form and are the same sentence member as the verb.
2. Semantic particles - serve to express the shades of feelings of the speaking person. According to the semantic meaning, particles can be divided into negative (neither, not); interrogative (really, perhaps); index (here, this, that); clarifying (exactly, exactly the same); amplifying (even, after all, after all), and others.

Many philologists believe that particles are close to adverbs, conjunctions and interjections, as well as introductory words. The particle does not have its own meaning, but the meaning takes on the one that is expressed by it in the sentence.

What is an elementary particle?

Elementary particles are the smallest indivisible objects that make up the atom. Their structure is studied by elementary particle physics, and from 1932 to the present day more than 400 elementary particles have been discovered.

All elementary particles are usually divided into three large groups, which are distinguished depending on their electromagnetic and gravitational behavior.

• So, bosons are carriers of the weak electromagnetic interaction. Also, bosons are characterized by a half-integer spin. This group includes photons, neutrons, protons.
• Leptons are direct participants in the electromagnetic interaction. To date, about 6 leptons are known. The most famous of them is the electron (e), and this elementary particle has the smallest atomic mass.
• Hadrons are the heaviest elementary particles that also participate in electromagnetic and gravitational interaction. By mass, hadrons are divided into three groups - baryons, mesons and resonances. The most famous baryon is the proton.

Each elementary particle is characterized by mass, lifetime, spin and electric discharge. The discovery of elementary particles made it possible to make a big step both in nuclear physics and in molecular kinetics. Today it is believed that the true elementary particles are leptons and quarks.

So, now you know what a preposition, union, particle is, and how the particle differs from other service parts of speech. And also what characterizes elementary particles in physics.