Heroes: Defenders of the Russian land. Glorious deeds of Russian heroes

Frankovskaya Zoya Alexandrovna
NOD "Heroes of the Russian Land" with a presentation

GCD « Bogatyrs of the Russian land»

Program content: to summarize the knowledge of children about the history of the emergence of Russia, to introduce Russian epic heroes how they defended their homeland.

Equipment and materials: reproduction of a painting by V. Vasnetsov "Three hero» , illustration depicting modern weapons and weapons Russian heroes, clothing details Russian heroes.

preliminary work: reading epics "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber", "Dobrynya and the Serpent", "Nikita Kozhemyaka".

GCD progress.

Educator. famous Russian land courageous and strong people - heroes. The people composed legends about them and passed them on to each other, from mouth to mouth. So heroes became heroes of Russian epics that have come down to our times.

Our heroic rule:

I need to help a friend in need

Defend the right thing in the fight,

Overcome the force with force.

N. Dobronravov.

What epics about Russian heroes you know? (children's answers)

See how Russian artist V. Vasnetsov depicted three mighty Russian heroes. These are Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich and Ilya Muromets. They are real warriors, protectors Russian land guard its borders and peace.

Let's repeat their names.

See how they are dressed? (answers children: each chain mail, helmet)

What weapons do they have? (Bow, arrows, spear, sword)

In the very center of the picture - hero Ilya Muromets. He gazes intently at distance: Can't see enemies Russian land? According to legend, Ilya was born near the ancient city of Murom, which is why they called him Muromets. He spent exactly thirty years and three years on ovens: I couldn't move my leg or arm. And such a great power has accumulated in him! Wanderers predicted to him that he would become mighty hero that no one can defeat. And so Ilya Muromets became the defender of ancient Kyiv. About his exploits Russian people composed many songs and epics. Not in vain among the people spoke:

As one red in the sky - the sun,

So one in Russia, Ilya - Muromets.

To his right, on a white horse, Dobrynya Nikitich. At the age of 12, Dobrynya saddled a horse and rode into an open field to fight enemies. Dobrynya Nikitich did many glorious exploits: defended Russian land from enemies and even defeated a terrible monster - the Serpent Gorynych. Dobrynya Nikitich was the best archer, knew how to play the harp and sing.

And the youngest hero - Alyosha Popovich. He is to the left of Ilya Muromets. Alyosha Popovich was the most cheerful hero. Enemies were struck not only by strength, but by intelligence and courage. According to legend, Alyosha Popovich defended Kyiv from enemies, overcame a huge Serpent.

Protect your family at all times earth was considered an honorable and heroic act. ancient heroes defended ancient Russia. When you study, at school you will find out how many times you had to Russian soldiers to stand up for the defense of our Motherland. To wield such mighty power as Russian bogatyrs, we need to go in for sports now, do exercises, temper ourselves.

Now we will arrange our future to the heroes a little check.

Boys are divided into two teams, girls are fans.

1. Relay "Who quickly"

A makeshift obstacle course is being built. It is necessary to jump over the bench, crawl under the arc, hit the ball into the target or into the basket, go along the narrow bridge - the board.

2. From the proposed pictures depicting weapons, you need to select and name only those on which weapons Russian heroes: club, spear, mace, sword, bow, arrows.

3. From the proposed pictures with the image of clothing, you must select and name those on which the items of clothing Russian heroes: armor, chain mail, with boots, helmet.

Summary of the lesson.

Educator. name Russian heroes.

What do you know about them?

Related publications:

All roles in the play are played by children. ACT 1 (To the music of "Epic. Russian gusli" The storyteller begins her story): Storyteller:.

Physical culture leisure "Heroes of the Russian land" Purpose: 1. Create an atmosphere of joy and emotional well-being. 2. Promote the development of children's interest in various types of motor.

Synopsis of cultural and leisure activities "Heroes of the Russian Land" Purpose: Creating an atmosphere of fun, goodwill, the need for collective communication, friendly competition and pleasure; Physical.

Topic: "Heroes of the Russian Land" Purpose: to expand the knowledge of children about the heroic past of the Russian people, about the heroes - defenders of the Russian Land.

Synopsis of GCD in the senior group

Matsneva I.N. MBOU "Ozerskaya secondary school"

Topic: Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land.

(Tcreative platform "I -Russian citizen")

Goals:

To form an idea of the heroic past of the Russian people of Ancient Russia, the great Russian heroes - the defenders of the Russian land.

Introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture.

To consolidate knowledge about the names of the armor and weapons of the Russian hero, to expand and enrich the vocabulary of students.

Raise interest in the history of Russia, pride in their ancestors.

An excerpt from the cartoon "Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent"

Teacher --- In ancient times, back in Ancient Russia, very strong people, heroes, stood guard over our Motherland at the outpost (border). They rode tirelessly on mighty horses, vigilantly peering into the distance: not to see enemy fires, not to hear the clatter of other people's horses.

- Guys, tell us what kind of work did you do to find out who the heroes are?

There are dictionaries on the children's tables, they work with them.

1 group:

– - According to Ozhegov's dictionary, a "hero" is a person of very great strength, stamina and courage.

And according to Dahl's dictionary, a "hero" is a tall, portly, hefty and prominent man, an extraordinary strong man.

Etymological dictionary - "bogatyr" is a brave, valiant warrior.

Encyclopedic Dictionary - "heroes" are strong people, heroes of folk tales, songs, epics.

The second group is looking for information in phones and tablets.

Answers @mail. en- the word "hero" - an old Russian word, means a strong man, a brave man.

Yandex dictionaries - the word "hero" is a warrior who is distinguished by unusual strength, courage, prowess and intelligence.

From Wikipedia: "bogatyr" - the hero of Russian epics, performing military feats.

Group 3: did a survey among elementary school students.

Slide 1 Vasnetsov's painting "Three heroes"

The famous painting "Bogatyrs" was created in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow. This canvas is often called "Three heroes" today. Vasnetsov gave a description of the picture in a short but capacious remark: “Bogatyrs Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha Popovich at the heroic exit - they note in the field if there is an enemy somewhere, if they offend anyone.”

Work on the great canvas took the artist almost seventeen years, and it began with a pencil sketch in distant Paris. As soon as the artist made the final touch, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov bought the painting for his collection. So this painting by Vasnetsov found its place in the Tretyakov Gallery. Three heroes to this day look at us from the wall of the famous gallery.

Teacher --- Days and months, years and decades, Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich protected their native land - all of them in the steppe and in the open field carried out military service. Occasionally they gathered in the courtyard of Prince Vladimir to rest - to listen to the guslars, to talk to each other.

Teacher --- What can you tell about the glorious Russian heroes?

1 student - “As one in the sky is red - the sun,

And one in Russia, Ilya - Muromets.

He sat in jail for thirty years, and passers-by people cured him - they gave him some water to drink. Most of all, people loved and still respect this hero Ilya Muromets. He was even ranked among the Russian Saints, and his birthday, January 1, remained in history. On the day when we celebrate the New Year, remember also that this is the birthday of Ilya Ivanovich, the great defender of the Russian land.

In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission conducted a study of the relics of St. Ilya of Muromets in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.

To obtain objective data, the most modern technique and ultra-precise Japanese equipment were used. The results stunned scientists.

He was a powerful man, slanting fathom in the shoulders, who died at the age of 45-55 years, 177 cm tall. In the 12th century, when Ilya lived, such a person was considered tall (the average height of a man of that time was 165 cm).

On the bones of Ilya, traces of battles were found - multiple fractures of the collarbones, broken ribs, traces of a blow from a spear, saber, sword.

This confirmed the information that Ilya was a powerful warrior, a participant in fierce battles.

In addition, researchers believe that, in full agreement with the works of oral folk art, Ilya actually could not walk for a long time, as he suffered a serious illness - bone tuberculosis or poliomyelitis, which caused paralysis of the legs.

2 student - Dobrynya Nikitich was nicknamed "Quiet". He was a good diplomat, he knew how to approach each person in a special way. No wonder Prince Vladimir appointed him ambassador. From the age of 12, Dobrynya Nikitich played the harp, composed songs himself and played chess.

Dobrynya - from the Russian language - from kind. He does good - and this is one of the characteristic features of the mighty epic hero. Dobrynya fights with the Serpent Gorynych and frees the niece of Prince Vladimir Zabava Putyatichna

3 student - son of the Rostov priest Leonty. The birth of Alyosha Popovich is accompanied by thunder; Alyosha the baby asks to swaddle him not with swaddling clothes, but with chain mail; then he immediately asks his mother for a blessing to walk around the wide world: it turns out that he can already sit on a horse and wield it, use a spear and a saber, etc. , onslaught, sharpness, resourcefulness, .

Physical education minute

We got up together - one, two, three -

We are rich now.

We put our hands to our eyes,

Let's set our legs strong.

Turning to the right

Let's look majestic.

And to the left too

Look from under the palms.

Leaning left, right

Turns out to fame!

Teacher--- How do you distinguish a hero from other people?ENVELOPES

(work in groups) - collect those pictures that relate to heroes, stick them on cardboard, hang them on the board

Slide 2 - guslyar

Teacher - The exploits of Russian heroes are described in epics.

4 student - Once upon a time there lived in Great Russia people - songwriters-storytellers. They composed and sang-told epics - different stories about Prince Vladimir of Kiev Krasno Solnyshko, about battles with fierce enemies, about foreign kingdoms, overseas states, about unprecedented miracles. And these epics were composed and they walked around Russia - an uncountable number. The most famous singer-storyteller, whose name has come down to our time, of course, was Bayan.

Teacher - In many cities of Russia, monuments to heroes have been erected ....

Slide 3 - MONUMENT TO SVYATOGOR IN YALTA

Slide 4 - MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN MUROM, VLADIMIR REGION

Slide 5 - MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN VLADIVOSTOK AND ZHELEZNOGORSK, KRASNOYARSK REGION.

Slide 6 - MONUMENT TO DOBRYNA NIKITICH IN SHILOVO, RYAZAN REGION.

Slide 7 - MONUMENTS TO THREE BOGATYRS IN KOZELSK, KALUGA REGION. AND IN SAMARA.

Slide 8 - MONUMENT TO ALYOSHA POPOVICH IN UDMURTIA

Centuries have passed. There are no rich people

But the spirit of freedom in our souls is eternal.

And the heroic courageous light -

Unshakable, free, endless.

In the taiga, in the mountains, in the ice, among the seas,

At all posts in peace and freedom,

Do not count - about Russia! - your heroes,

And their army is not destroyed from year to year

Teacher - Russia has long been famous for its heroes. And not only epic ones - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, but also real ones - princes, generals, soldiers, athletes. Among the most famous classic wrestlers are the names of

Slide 9 - loader Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny -

"champion of champions"He spent 45 years of his life on the wrestling mat and was defeated only once.

Slide 10 - Alexander Znamensky, performed record power numbers,lifted the orchestra, held the merry-go-round, carried the piano with the man playing.

Slide 11.12 - Valentin Ivanovich DiKul (born 1947) - outstanding athlete of our time. He performed two unique power numbers in the circus arena: he held a metal “pyramid” weighing one ton on his body, and a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms). The uniqueness of these numbers is also in the fact that the athlete performed them after a spinal injury. For almost seven years he could not move. With the help of simulators of his own design, he managed to restore his former shape. Now V. I. Dikul heads the Center for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and the Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.

Teacher - Everything can be native land!

slide 13 - Can feed you warm and tasty bread,

Slide 14 - drink spring water

Slide 15 - surprise with its beauty.

Slide 16 - And she can't defend herself...

Therefore, the defense of the Fatherland and native land is the duty of those who eat its bread, drink its water, admire its beauty!

Reflection Guys, you have illustrations depicting heroes on your tables. Discuss with the whole group, if you liked the lesson - put a color illustration on the board, if not - black and white.

Quiz for grade 4 on the topic

"Russian bogatyrs"

1. What is the meaning of the word "hero"?

a) a very smart person

b) a very smart person

c) a very strong person

d) a very rich person

2. What are the names of Russian folk songs about the exploits of heroes?

a) story

b) chronicle

c) epic

d) story

3. What was the hero's weapon?

a) a gun

b) sword

c) spear

d) squeaker

4. What is the name of the huge hero, whom "even the earth does not hold."

a) Svyatogor

b) Ilya Muromets

c) Mikula Selyaninovich

d) Alyosha Popovich

5. From whom does Ilya Muromets save the Russian land?

a) from Svyatogor

b) from the Nightingale the Robber

c) from Suhan

d) from Tugarin

6. Who had a fight with Tugarin?

a) Ilya Muromets

b) Volga Svyatoslavovich

c) Alyosha Popovich

d) Dobrynya Nikitich

7. Who did Dobrynya Nikitich fight?

a) with Alyosha Popovich

b) with the Serpent Gorynych

c) with Koshchei the Immortal

d) with the Nightingale the Robber

8. Which of the heroes of the Novgorod epics played the harp and visited the sea king?

a) Vasily Buslaev

b) Sadko

c) Svyatogor

d) Mikula Selyaninovich

9. Which of the heroes was a plowman?

a) Ilya Muromets

b) Svyatogor

c) Mikula Selyaninovich

d) Sadko

10. Who is the author of the painting "Bogatyrs"?

a) Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov

b) Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel

c) Vasily Ivanovich Surikov

d) Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi

Attachment 1.

(texts of research work)

WORKING WITH DICTIONARIES

(1 group)

1. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to the dictionary of Efremova: Bogatyr - 1. Russian epics and fairy tales.

2. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Ozhegov's dictionary: Bogatyr resilience, courage

3. The meaning of the word Bogatyr in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Bogatyr is the largest in the world around the city In Kazakhstan.

4. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Ushakov's dictionary

Bogatyr - Russian epics, mainly performing military exploits.

5. The meaning of the word Bogatyr according to Dahl's dictionary: Bogatyr - m. and prominent; strongman; And And

SURVEY RESULTS

(Group 2)

To the question "Who is a hero?" received the following responses:

Everyone heard. But few people know that he rested in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, where his incorruptible relics are buried in caves, among a quarter of all the saints glorified in the Russian Orthodox Church for a thousand years.

The very name "epic" means a song about what was, that is, what took place in life. The word "hero" appeared in Russian chronicles in the XII century. It replaced the synonym "horobr", that is, "daring".

At that time, Russian soldiers had to constantly fight for the freedom of the fatherland with hordes of nomads on the eastern borders of Kievan Rus. The people called them heroes.

Their main features are fidelity to duty, disinterested love for the Motherland, readiness to always stand up for the offended and destitute, the ability to stand up for their dignity and honor.

It is with these features that the epics of Ilya Muromets endow:

“I am a simple peasant son,” he says. - I did not save you out of self-interest, and I do not need either silver or gold. I saved Russian people, red girls, little children, old mothers. I will not go to you as governor in wealth to live. My wealth is a heroic strength, my business is to serve Russia, to defend it from enemies.

His numerous feats of arms are described in epics in a fabulous form. But the nicknames of the enemies of the hero (“Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and the Poganoe Idolishche”) meant very specific nomadic peoples: the Pechenegs, Polovtsy, with whom Kievan Rus fought. In the old days, these epics were a kind of "military chronicles" that did not require deciphering who they were talking about.

But the biography of Ilya Muromets in epics is presented very sparingly. Details about the life of the hero were able to be established by historians as a result of lengthy painstaking research.

Presumably, Ilya was born on September 5, 1143 in the family of a peasant Ivan Timofeev's son, who lived in the village of Karacharovo near Murom in the Vladimir region (hence the name "Muromets"). From birth, he was weak - "did not own his legs" - and until the age of thirty he could not walk.

One day, when his parents were working in the field, “passable kaliki” came into the house. At that time, pilgrims to holy places were called Kaliki. It was believed that they were not only not inferior to the heroes, but also surpassed them in fortitude, and their "propaganda" feat was equated to military.

Kaliki ask Ilya to get up and bring them water. To this he replied: “But I have neither arms nor legs; I have been sitting on my seat for thirty years.” They repeatedly ask him to get up and bring them water.

Years of illness brought up in him great patience and a character of amazing strength. "Weak" Ilya sincerely wishes to fulfill the will of the elders. One can imagine his amazement when, having lowered his legs from the bench to the floor, he tries to stand on them and suddenly feels that they are holding him! An unknown force sent down from above instills in a helpless cripple...

After that, Ilya goes to the water carrier and brings water. The elders tell him to drink it himself. Ilya unquestioningly obeyed, drank and fully recovered. Moreover, after drinking the water a second time, he feels exorbitant strength in himself, and then he is ordered to drink a third time in order to reduce it.

Then the elders tell Ilya that in gratitude for the healing sent down, he should go to the service of Prince Vladimir in order to protect Russia from enemies. “You will be, Elijah, a great hero, and death is not written for you in battle,” they predict.

Scientific rationale

And now let's look at the miraculous healing of Ilya Muromets from the point of view of modern science. In 1926, when the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra was closed by the Bolsheviks and a museum was organized in its place, the incorruptible relics of the saints were opened and studied to explain the phenomenon of the preservation of their bodies in the caves. A medical examination was also carried out on the remains of St. Ilya Muromets, which were dated to the 12th century.
Anatomists have identified in the lumbar region of his body clearly expressed processes on the vertebrae, causing infringement of the nerves of the spinal cord. And the doctors made a diagnosis: a polyarthritis suffered in his youth, which hindered his movements, from which he later recovered. So modern medicine has confirmed the evidence of epics that "Elijah sat in his seat and did not have walking at his feet."

Obviously, the "transitional kaliks" who healed the "infirm" Ilya were not just wanderers, but psychic healers who cured him with the help of energetically charged water. In ancient recipes, in addition to various herbal infusions, there are instructions on how to prepare and use "healing water".

Studies also showed that Ilya Muromets was a head taller than a man of average height of that time - 177 centimeters, but in the 12th century such a warrior was considered a giant. In addition, he had a very powerful physique and apparently possessed great physical strength.

"Bogatyrsky lope". Viktor Vasnetsov. 1914. In the princely service

But back to the epic. Kaliki tell Ilya that on the way to Kyiv there is an unliftable stone with an inscription, at which he must definitely stop.

Saying goodbye to his family, Ilya goes "to the capital city of Kiev" and comes "to that immovable stone", on which it was written that he should move the stone from its place. There he will find a heroic horse, weapons and armor. Ilya moved the stone away and found everything that was written there. And after that he rode to Kyiv.

There he gets to the princely feast at the Grand Duke Vladimir Monomakh (1113-1125), who gathers around him the most courageous and glorious people of Russia. This is not an ordinary feast, but above all, spiritual fellowship, a fraternal meeting.

The heroes gathered at the table are not lovers of fun, but defenders of the faith of the Orthodox and Russian land from enemies. No wonder in Russia such a feast was called a brotherhood, since it marks the spiritual unity of its participants.

Judging by the epics and chronicles, heroes from different cities sat at the fraternal table at Prince Vladimir, guarding the borders of Russia: Ilya Muromets - a peasant son, Alyosha Popovich - the son of a priest from Rostov, Dobrynya Nikitich - a princely family, Stavr - a boyar, Ivan - a merchant's son .

Ilya Muromets - the only one of the Russian knights - a peasant by birth. But it was he who was granted the greatest power - both spiritual and bodily. Therefore, a native of the distant Murom lands is honored not by class, but by deeds and deeds. He quickly learned to master the mace, club, sword and spear. Combined with his enormous physical strength, this made him an invincible fighter.

Being in the service of Prince Vladimir, Ilya Muromets participated in countless "clashes" that constantly took place on the borders of Kievan Rus. In none of them he was defeated, but he never exalted himself and peacefully let go of defeated enemies. Even before the battle with the Polovtsy Kalin, he persuades him for a long time to leave voluntarily, without shedding blood in vain. And only having met the stubbornness and anger of the enemy, the Russian hero entered into a mortal battle.

But Russian professional warriors, headed by Ilya Muromets, not only successfully guarded the borders of Russia from numerous enemies. By their efforts, the struggle was transferred to the territory of the enemies. The annals tell that the valiant squads drove the troops of Khan Otrok Sharukovich “behind the iron gates” in the Caucasus, “drank the Don with golden helmets, taking all their land.”

Russian heroes reached the Sea of Azov, conquered the Polovtsian camps on the Northern Donets, forced the enemies to migrate beyond the Don and the Volga, into the steppes of the North Caucasus and the South Urals.

There is no doubt that Ilya Muromets invariably took part in all these glorious campaigns, and he was always ahead in the course of bloody battles, invariably defeating the enemy knights.

Ilya Muromets. Reconstruction of the appearance on the basis of the relics. Sculptor S.A. NikitinInok of the Caves Monastery

In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine conducted an examination of his imperishable relics. To obtain accurate data, the most modern technique and ultra-precise equipment were used.

As a result of research, it was possible to establish that Ilya Muromets died at the age of at least 40-45 years. At that time, this was an age to which few civilians lived, and professional warriors almost never.

But the Murom hero survived. If we take into account that he took up military affairs after 30 years, and did not stay in the Pechersky Monastery after being tonsured for too long, it turns out that his “military service” was more than 10 years. For the twelfth century, this was simply unthinkable.

Moreover, as the medical examination of the imperishable relics established, Ilya Muromets received a severe wound in the region of the heart, which subsequently affected throughout his life. He also had other wounds, such as the left hand, received in battles.

Wounded and feeling that his physical strength was running out, Ilya Muromets took tonsure and became a monk. But before the hero had a family, and after him there were sons, from whom the family of the Kiev noblemen Chebotkovs descended. And they got this surname from the nickname of their father.

The fact is that in the short life of the Monk Elijah, his nickname is indicated - “Chebotok”, that is, a boot. It appeared at Muromets after one memorable incident. Shortly after his tonsure, a gang of robbers (probably Polovtsy) broke into the monastery. At that moment, in his cave cell, Elijah was putting on shoes and managed to put on only one boot.

But, taken by surprise, the monk did not lose his head: straightening up to his full considerable height, he began to beat the attackers with such force and fury with his second boot that he put them to flight.

In the Pechersky Monastery, Ilya Muromets went into seclusion, hardly slept, spending almost around the clock in prayer. Thus ended his military service to the Fatherland in earthly battles and the prayer service of the Church and Holy Russia began.
***
Ilya Muromets left for the Kingdom of Heaven on January 1, 1188. He was canonized as a saint in 1643, and his incorruptible relics rest in the Anthony caves of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.

In the caves you can approach his tomb, which is noticeably larger than others, but the growth of the deceased does not seem huge. The fingers of the right hand of Ilya Muromets are folded as the Orthodox are baptized: three fingers together, and two are pressed to the palm.

His left hand bears a trace of the wound inflicted by the spear. She, as it were, testifies to military service, and the right one - to the spiritual feat of an Orthodox monk.

Orthodox Christians begin each new year under the sign of a folk hero, the Reverend Warrior Ilia Muromets. The Russian Church celebrates his memory on January 1.

Synopsis of directly educational activities

"Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land" in the senior group.

Tasks:

1. To introduce children to the great canvas of the artist V. Vasnetsov “Heroes”, with the names of Russian heroes Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich.
2. To instill in children pride in their ancestors, to make them feel their involvement in the history of our great people.
3. Learn to answer the questions posed coherently and consistently, describe the appearance of the heroes and the surrounding landscape; talk about the characters of the characters and the mood of the picture; use synonyms and comparisons in speech.

Materials:

Reproduction of "Bogatyrs" painting by artist V. Vasnetsov; map of Russia, books about heroes, sound recording of the song “Our Heroic Strength” by A. Pakhmutova to lyrics by N. Dobronravov, sound recording of “Dawn on the Moscow River” by M. Mussorgsky from the opera “Khovanshchina”, sound recording of “On Native Soil” performed by Savinov.

Vocabulary work:

Russia, ancestors, Slavs, heroes, epics; armor - clothes of heroes (chain mail, shield, helmet, armor, aventail); weapons of heroes (spear, sword, bow with arrows, mace).

Lesson progress

The music "On native soil" performed by Savinov sounds.

Teacher. Guys, we live in a country that has an amazingly beautiful name - Russia. There are many wonderful countries on Earth, people live everywhere, but Russia is the only, extraordinary country, because it is our Motherland. Motherland means native. Like mother and father.
Approach the map. Look, please, and tell me, what is our Motherland like?

Big, huge, immense, beautiful, rich. There are oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, mountains, forests and fields. Russia is the biggest country in the world.

Teacher. More than a thousand years ago, the Russian state was formed. It was called Rus. At first it was small, but for our ancestors - the Slavs, it was the Motherland.
Today we will talk about the past of our Motherland. About our ancestors. Who are the ancestors?

(intended children's responses) These are people who lived many, many years ago. These are the grandparents of our grandparents.

Teacher. Our ancestors called themselves Slavs, the Russian people originate from them. Why Slavs? Think about what word it sounds like?

(intended children's responses)"Slavs" is similar to the word "glory".

Teacher. And this means that the Slavs are a glorious people. What do you know about the Slavs?

(intended children's responses) The Slavs were fair-haired, blue-eyed, tall, broad-shouldered, large build, kind, hospitable, courageous. They loved their homeland. When necessary, they became brave warriors and did not spare their lives for mother earth and their father's house.

Teacher. We have a lot of forests, rivers, animals and plants in Russia. So all these riches have long attracted our enemies - they wanted to take possession of our lands. In ancient times, enemy raids posed a great danger to Russian lands: they went to Russia, devastated villages and villages, took women and children captive, and took away the looted wealth with them.

(A chime is heard) This is the tocsin, a bell ringing that warned people in ancient times that an enemy had come to Earth, and folk wisdom says that the earth can feed a person with its bread, give water from its springs to drink, but the earth cannot protect itself. This is the holy cause of those who eat bread, drink water, admire the beauty of their native land.
Remember, please, what were the names of our ancestors - the defenders of the Russian land?

Children. Bogatyrs.

Teacher. Who are the rich people?

Children. Strong men, warriors, fighters.

Teacher. And what were they?

Children. Strong, courageous, courageous, fearless, resolute, heroic, valiant, brave, courageous.

Teacher. How do you know about heroes?

Children. From epics, Russian folk tales, poems

Teacher. And now let's portray the heroes (children get up)

Fizminutka "Heroes"

Bogatyr - this is what he is: (depict a strong man)

He is strong, he is healthy

He shot with a bow , (simulate movement)

Accurately threw a club,

Standing on the border

Vigilantly, vigilantly observed

We will grow up and look , (raise hands high up)

Teacher. You know a lot about the ancient defenders of the Russian land. Today we will talk about three heroes, get acquainted with a very interesting picture.

A reproduction of the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs".

Teacher. Maybe someone knows what it's called?

Children's answers.

Teacher. Do any of you know the name of the artist who painted this picture?

Children's answers.

Teacher. Yes, this is a painting by the artist V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs".

Sounds introduction to M. Mussorgsky's opera "Khovanshchina" "Dawn on the Moscow River." Children look at the picture for several minutes.

Teacher. Look at the picture. Who is pictured here?

Children. Russian bogatyrs.

Teacher. Who will name them?

Children. Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich and Ilya Muromets.

The teacher or children reads the poem:

Three protectors, three brothers,
Three heroes!
Russia is rich in warriors!
There is no return from the battlefield
Behind the back - Russia,
Mother earth, native huts ...
- Hey, bolder in battle, guys!
Sword and bow, spear, mace,
Shield and faithful horse ...
Enemy! Do not touch your native state,
Protects Russia by right
Bogatyr native!

The story of the teacher in the picture:(quiet soundssymphony "Bogatyrskaya" by A.P. Borodin)

Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, Alyosha Popovich are the most beloved and famous Russian heroes. As guardians of holy Russia, they stand at the outpost (border) of the heroic, past which neither the beast will slip, nor the bird will fly.
In the center, Ilya Muromets, a peasant son, sits on a portly black horse. He is thick and powerful, like the age-old forest that has surrounded him since childhood. Glorious hero. Power, strength and wisdom are felt in all his appearance. He has a noble Russian face, a broad gray beard. A horse stands under him, "slightly shaking his bells under his bangs." The horse is calm, only evil squints its eyes towards the enemy. “If he moves, it seems that the earth will buzz from the step.” The hero is well armed: a damask club hangs from his right hand, a quiver with arrows is visible behind it, a shield and a long spear are in his left hand. He is dressed in iron chain mail and has a helmet on his head. Vigilantly peers Ilya into the steppe distance. He is ready for battle, but he is not in a hurry: such a hero will not shed human blood in vain. The hero loves the Motherland and honestly serves her.
On the right hand of Ilya Muromets is Dobrynya Nikitich, a warrior known and loved by the people. Dobrynya is skilled in fighting, swimming, archery. He is dressed richly and smartly. Dobrynya's shield is decorated with stones, his sword is damask, and his gaze is fixed. Beneath him, a long-maned white horse stands, flaring his nostrils, apparently smelling the enemy.
The third hero Alyosha Popovich is the son of a priest. He is also a brave and courageous warrior, not as strong as Ilya or Dobrynya, but he takes agility, speed, resourcefulness. He is both a warrior and a hussler. He knows how to sing songs and knows how to fight. A sly smile on his lips, now he will sing a song to the whole steppe. He is more modestly armed. In his left hand he has a bow, and on his right hand he has gusels. Alyosha's red horse is a match for him: he lowered his head low to pinch the grass, but pricked up his ears. Heather Alyosha! He does not look in the direction of the enemy, but only squints his eyes and holds a tight bow at the ready.
The heroes have one goal - not to miss the enemy, to stand firmly on guard of the Motherland. Above them is a low sky, covered with cold, leaden clouds. Behind the hills is the expanse of Russia, which raised and sent heroes to protect itself.

IN: Which hero do you like the most? How did the artist draw each of the heroes. What unites them? What is the landscape like? Who is the eldest? What does he look like? How is he sitting? How armed? Is Dobrynya Nikitich so calm? How armed? What does Alyosha Popovich look like? How does he look? What is armed? What do we see from the side? How are the heroes dressed? (A chain mail is put on the body - an iron shirt.)
Why do heroes need chain mail? (She protected the heroes from blows of a spear, arrows and a sword.) What is put on the heads of the heroes? (The helmet was made of metal, it was decorated with an ornament, a pattern. And who was richer, decorated the helmet with gilding, silver plates. The helmet protected the head of the warrior-hero from blows)
What other armor do the heroes have? (Shields, a bow, a quiver with arrows, a bludgeon, a club, an ax, a sword - a mace. The sword was the main weapon of warriors - heroes and warriors - warriors at that time in Russia. The sword was also called a mace.)

To the music of A. Pakhmutova "Our heroic strength" children - "heroes" enter and bring a letter with the task - to collect the hero on the road

IN: Guys, you want to help the heroes get ready for a heroic feat on the road.

D / I "Gather the hero on the road"

On the board or on the table, children from the proposed pictures depicting weapons and clothes choose and name only those on which items related to Russian heroes. (quiet sounds

Teacher. Well done! And what proverbs do you know about valor and love for the Motherland?

Children.

Die yourself, but save a comrade.
From your native land - die, do not go!
For the edge of your death stand!
Stand boldly for a just cause!
To live is to serve the motherland.
The happiness of the Motherland is dearer than life.
Not the hero who is waiting for a reward - but the hero who goes for the people!

Today we remembered the epic heroes, from whom, according to legend, the strength of Russian warriors, who defended our land from enemies at different times, went.

Now let's go back to our time.
Do you think there are heroes in our time (Answers of children).
What qualities do you think a modern hero should have? (Answers of children).
Where can they be found? (Firefighters, border guards, astronauts, doctors, etc.)
IN: Day and night, these people guard the Motherland. We hope that you grow up to be true defenders of Russia.

(sounds loudsong by A. Pakhmutova "Our heroic strength")

Children - "heroes" pass the circle of honor, the rest applaud them.

Topic: Bogatyrs - defenders of the Russian land.

Introduce yourself, ask not to be offended by ignorance of names, let them stand up and say their name.1 SLIDE

Answer me a question. What is time? And what are times?

Times can be understood in different ways. For some, time is a magician counting the hours of life. For some, these are wise wizards who know how to manage seconds and minutes. And there are experts who control the future time. You, too, can become masters of your time if you learn to save seconds and minutes. Time connects the past and the future. People say: "A man without a past has no future." Tell me, how do you understand this statement?2 SLIDE

Today I invite you to take a short journey through time, into the past of our country. We will learn about those who have guarded and defended the borders of our Motherland for a long time.3 SLIDE

All of you probably watched cartoons about Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent, Dobrynya Niktich and the Serpent Gorynych, Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber. Of course, these cartoons are adapted to our understanding, to the time in which we live, but they tell about the mighty warriors that once existed on our land. Let's listen to an excerpt from one song, you listen carefully and delve into the words.(song prokofevvstava… ) 50 sec.

What is this song about? What is her mood? What pictures appear before your eyes when you listen to it?

Song-call. Isn't it true, it gives strength of mind, you want to rush to help the weak, you want to restore justice, to protect your beloved Fatherland. Right?

So, guys: what were the very first defenders of our Motherland called? - Who are the heroes in your understanding? after their replySLIDE 4 a few seconds andSLIDE 5, to say that there are many definitions of the word hero.

What heroes do you know? (Svyatogor is a huge bogatyr who could not join the rest of the bogatyrs, since he had no one to measure strength with and Nikita Kozhemyak, who defeated the snake with his bare hands).

After they name the heroes, I will show Svyatogor6 SLIDE

The hero is a warrior who is distinguished by unusual strength, courage, prowess and intelligence. That is, when you hear that such strong men as heroes did not have a mind, know that this is not true. Combat has always required ingenuity in addition to physical strength. The heroes were comprehensively developed and we should strive for this.

SLIDE 7 In ancient times, back in Ancient Russia, the heroes stood guard over our Motherland at the outpost (border). They rode tirelessly on mighty horses, vigilantly peering into the distance: not to see enemy fires, not to hear the clatter of other people's horses.They hoped that life would become better, happier, if not for children, then for grandchildren - and their hard work would not be in vain. Therefore, they bequeathed to protect the Russian land - our Motherland.

SLIDE 8 A hero is a man of very great strength, stamina and courage. In Russia, heroes appeared at a time when foreign invaders robbed and killed ordinary people.SLIDE 9

Strong, courageous people who passionately loved their homeland came to their defense.SLIDE 10 And epics were written about them. Guys, what is epic? And how is it different from a fairy tale? After their answerSLIDE 11

Bylina from the word "it was". A fairy tale is usually fiction. Of course, the events in the epic can be embellished, but nevertheless all the events are genuine.

An excerpt from the epic about Ilya Muromets.

His good horse and heroic

From mountain to mountain began to jump,

From hill to hill began to swing,

Small rivers, let a small lake between my legs.

The Nightingale whistled like a nightingale,

The villain-robber shouted like an animal -

The dark woods all bowed to the ground.

Guys, it’s clear to us that it can’t be that the forest immediately bowed to the ground, that a horse jumps from one mountain to another, but it’s written in the epic. Tell me, why does the author exaggerate so much?

(maybe talk about hyperbole)

Let's listen to how epics about heroes began (turn on audio)

We heard how these words glorify the strength of the Russian heroes and our land.

Tell me, how did the epics come down to our days?How did we recognize the epics of Ancient Russia? After their answerSLIDE 12

Handwritten books were written by chroniclers and some books have survived to this day. Some epics were passed from mouth to mouth, so they do not have a specific author, whose name we could name.

And how the epics were told in these ancient times, does anyone know?

— Once upon a time there lived in Great Russia people - songwriters-storytellers.SLIDE 13 here they are on the slide. They composed and sang and told epics. It has always been customary to tell epics by playing a melody on the harp. And I suggest you watch and listen to how it was done traditionally, using the example of the epic about Ilya Muromets (video)

After video Slide 14 Painting Vasnetsov "Three heroes"

Work on the great canvas took the artist almost seventeen years, and it began with a pencil sketch in distant Paris. As soon as the artist made the final touch, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (he was a very rich man, a merchant who buys all the works of art that he met while traveling and communicating with various talented people of his time in order to unite in one place and thus preserve for future generations , for you and me, so that we can study history, improve our culture and enjoy these works of art) bought a canvas for his collection. So this painting by Vasnetsov found its place in the Tretyakov Gallery. Three heroes to this day look at us from the wall of the famous gallery.

Guys, which of you will be able to come out and correctly name the heroes depicted in this picture.

From left to right: Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha.

Or maybe one of you visited the Tretyakov Gallery with your parents and saw this picture with your own eyes? Ask about feelings.

If you have not been, then ask where it is, this gallery. (in Moscow and send them there in the future)

Even looking at this picture, we can characterize the heroes. Describe Ilya, then Alyosha, then Dobrynya.

Now I will tell you about each of them.

“As one in the sky is red - the sun,

And one in Russia, Ilya - Muromets.

When the relics of Ilya Muromets were studied by modern scientists, they were stunned.

He was a powerful man who died at the age of 45-55, 177 cm tall. In the 12th century, when Ilya lived, such a person was considered tall (the average height of a man of that time was 165 cm).

On the bones of Ilya, traces of battles were found - multiple fractures of the collarbones, broken ribs, traces of a blow from a spear, saber, sword.

This confirmed the information that Ilya was a powerful warrior, a participant in fierce battles.

Dobrynya Nikitich is depicted in epics as the second strongest and most important hero after Ilya Muromets.

By origin, Dobrynya Nikitich is of a princely family, which, nevertheless, did not prevent him from winning love and recognition from the common people. In epics, the hero is educated, tactful, courteous, able to find a common language with everyone, it was not for nothing that Prince Vladimir appointed him his ambassador.

And in the picture he is depicted in the middle, because thanks to his efforts and talents, the heroic trinity remains restored even after Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich quarrel.

Alyosha Popovich is the youngest of all, the son of the Rostov priest Leonty. The birth of Alyosha Popovich is accompanied by thunder; Alyosha the baby asks to swaddle him not with swaddling clothes, but with chain mail; then he immediately asks his mother for blessings to walk around the wide world: it turns out that he can already sit on a horse and wield it, act with a spear and a saber, etc. He is characterized by daring, onslaught, sharpness, resourcefulness, cunning.

Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength.

See how the heroes are dressed. What is the name of the clothes? (helmet, chain mail)

And, of course, the horse for the hero was not just a means of transportation, the horse was a friend, a comrade in battle, he was treated like a person.

Let's have a heroic physical minute with you. Come out from behind the desks, repeat the movements after me.

Physical education minute

We got up together - one, two, three -

We are rich now.

We put our hands to our eyes,

Let's set our legs strong.

Turning to the right

Let's look majestic.

And to the left too

Look from under the palms.

Leaning left, right

Turns out to fame!

Let's guys guess the riddles about the heroes:

2) The hero bore a good name -

He did not spare enemies, he loved the Fatherland.

He served with Muromets,

He crushed the adversaries. (Nikitich)

1) Brave and bold - a brave daredevil.

Kind of priestly our merry fellow.

The youngest of the three heroes,

Russia defended, he smashed the enemies. (Alesha Popovich)

3) For a long time, a mighty force matured in him,

And she woke up from grief.

The hero stood up for the Fatherland

And he fought boldly - not sparing himself and the enemy. (Ilya Muromets)

Time passes, runs, does not stop for a minute. A thousand years have passed, guys, and we are proud of the deeds and exploits of these heroes - heroes. The grateful people establishedin many cities of Russia there are monuments to heroes ....

slide 15 — MONUMENT TO SVYATOGOR IN YALTA

slide 16 — MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN THE CITY OF MUROM, VLADIMIR REGION

Slide 17 — MONUMENTS TO ILYA MUROMTS IN VLADIVOSTOK AND ZHELEZNOGORSK, KRASNOYARSK REGION.

Slide 18 — MONUMENT TO DOBRYNA NIKITICH IN SHILOVO, RYAZAN REGION.

Slide 19 — MONUMENTS TO THREE BOGATYRS IN KOZELSK, KALUGA REGION. AND IN SAMARA.

Slide 20 — MONUMENT TO ALYOSHA POPOVICH IN UDMURTIA

As you can see, they are erected monuments just like the heroes of the Great Patriotic War.

Yes, there are no number of heroes in Russia.And not only epic ones - Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, but also our country is rich in real ones - princes, generals, soldiers, athletes too. Among the most famous classic wrestlers are the names of

slide 21 - loader Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny -

"champion of champions"He spent 45 years of his life on the wrestling mat and was defeated only once.

slide 22 — Alexander Znamensky, performed record power numbers,lifted the orchestra, held the merry-go-round, carried the piano with the man playing.

slide 23 - Valentin Ivanovich DiKul (born 1947) - outstanding athlete of our time. He performed two unique power numbers in the circus arena: he held a metal “pyramid” weighing one ton on his body, and a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms).slide 24 The uniqueness of these numbers is also in the fact that the athlete performed them after a spinal injury. For almost seven years he could not move. With the help of simulators of his own design, he managed to restore his former shape. Now V. I. Dikul heads the Center for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and the Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.

Slide 25 Vasily Alekseev, he is from our city – MinesThe strongest man of the 70s, holder of 80 world records and two-time Olympic weightlifting champion.

Everything can be native land!

slide 26 - Can feed you warm and tasty bread,

Slide 27 — drink clean water

Slide 28 — surprise with its beauty.

Slide 29 — And she can't defend herself...

Therefore, the defense of the Fatherland and native land is the duty of those who eat its bread, drink its water, admire its beauty!

The heroes left a covenant to you, their descendants: - Protect your homeland, protect it. Protect the weak, the poor, the elderly and children, Be strong, brave, courageous, courageous. Love your native land, your people, your country and homeland.

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Heroes: Defenders of the Russian land. Glorious deeds of Russian heroes

GCD progress.

Quiz for grade 4 on the topic

"Russian bogatyrs"

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