cinder block house projects. Building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands: fast, economical and fun! Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - stages of work

Interest in the construction of private and low-rise houses from cinder blocks exists constantly. This naturally follows from the attractive properties of the material itself. Cinder blocks are made on the basis of production waste associated with the combustion of a significant amount of solid fuel. That is, their main component is practically free raw materials, which can significantly reduce the cost of building wall fences.

The cinder block can be used not only in the aboveground part of the building, but also for the construction of basement load-bearing walls, as it is not susceptible to dampness and has good bearing capacity, with proper waterproofing, its long and reliable service is ensured. Cinder block is a relatively light material, which makes it possible not only to reduce the cost of mechanization during construction, but also to reduce the thickness of the walls, compared to the brick version.

cinder block house project

Therefore, cinder block house projects occupy their own niche in the proposal from design organizations and individual documentation developers.

Taking into account the regional specifics of construction from cinder blocks, developed mainly in the places of production of this building material , projects of houses from cinder blocks can be submitted free of charge by construction organizations or suppliers of materials interested in choosing this design solution by the developer.

The cinder block does not have stable characteristics in terms of thermal conductivity, strength, water permeability, which significantly limits the sales market, since transportation over long distances significantly increases the price of the material, which ceases to correspond to its consumer properties.

However, in territories where there is a tradition and experience in the construction of this material, it is in steady demand and is used not only in private construction, but also for the construction of commercial, warehouse, administrative buildings focused on the minimum cost of construction.

The project of a country house from cinder blocks

For the construction of cinder blocks, a limitation on the number of storeys of the building is characteristic. The support of floor panels on a load-bearing wall made of this material is not welcome, due to the heterogeneity of its composition. Therefore, projects of one-story houses made of cinder blocks are the most common and in demand by the customer.

Despite the name, today cinder blocks can be made not only from volcanic and blast-furnace slag, but from ash, expanded clay, sand, brick waste, shell rock and even sawdust.

An example of a cinder block house

Due to this, the material is very common and easily accessible. Of course, many people are attracted to this. And they often have a question - is it possible to build a house from a cinder block with your own hands? It's really possible. But such a complex and responsible work should be approached very seriously, weighing all the pros and cons, making certain calculations.

First, choose the right material. For example, sawdust is distinguished by its lower weight, as well as high thermal insulation. But they can be prone to decay, and their strength is not too high. It is impossible to build a two-story house from such material. Cinder blocks made from crushed stone screenings or brick scrap have other properties. They are able to withstand severe mechanical stress, but their thermal conductivity is higher, and their weight is much greater.

Cinder block making machine

When the optimal filler is selected and stocked in sufficient quantities, you can get to work. First you need to knead the concrete solution. The selected filler is introduced into it. The resulting mixture is poured into molds, after which the mixture is pressed. Wet blocks are removed from the matrices and dried in natural conditions (in a dry and warm place). Concrete usually dries and gains sufficient hardness in one month.

Read also

Village house projects

After this time, you get high-quality material from which you can build the house you have long dreamed of.

Pros and cons of cinder blocks

Of course, before you start building a cinder block house, you should carefully study both the positive qualities of the material and the negative ones. Only in this case, you can be sure that you will build a house that will never disappoint you.

Cinder block advantages:

But it should be said about the cons:

Video about the manufacture of cinder blocks at home.

Drafting a project

Before you start building a house and even procure material, it is necessary on which construction will be carried out. It is better to entrust the work to specialists, but if you are very difficult in the means, you can try to do the work yourself.

An example of a successful cinder block house project with an attic

The project should reflect such data as the size of the house, the number of rooms, the thickness of the bearing walls, the number and size of windows and doors, and much more. On the one hand, the presence of such a project will limit you in the changes that you want to make to the layout of the house during construction, which happens very often, seriously complicating the work and increasing the time.

The project of a two-story house from cinder blocks

How much material is needed

One of the questions that people often have when they decide to build their own house concerns the amount of materials. The question is very serious.

Fortunately, if you have a project, it will not be difficult to carry out the necessary calculations.
First, decide which cinder blocks you will use. On sale you can see both molds for cinder blocks and finished material, which varies significantly in size. Of course, it depends on how many cinder blocks you will need to build a house.

The next step is to find out from the experts what the thickness of the walls should be in order to effectively retain heat even on the coldest days of the year. This will have to be taken into account in further calculations.
After that, measure the volume of the walls. Knowing the length, width and thickness of each wall, this will not be difficult at all.

First of all, measure the perimeter of the future house (add the length of all the walls). Multiply the resulting value by the height. Now you know the total area of ​​the walls.

Calculate how much area the window and door openings will have. Subtract the resulting number from the total area of ​​the walls. Memorize or write down the result.

Cinder block is a very popular material in the construction market. It is famous for its availability and cheapness. In addition, cinder blocks can be made independently, which will save. But, before you start building a house from a cinder block, you need to decide on the projects and find out the price for them.

There are several ways to get a project:

• trust a professional who will qualitatively and competently approach the task. It must be understood that in this case it will be necessary to increase the total budget for the construction. Professionals charge a lot for their services. But in this case, you can not be afraid for the construction process, because a well-designed project is half the success;
• compose yourself. In this case, you can get the project for free. Of course, this process cannot be trusted to an unprepared person, because many factors must be taken into account;
• redo an existing project. This is the smartest way. In this case, everything will already be done in advance. It remains only to change some elements for yourself and take into account several factors.

According to the practice of life, it is best to repeat the successful completed project of a neighbor or acquaintance

Factors to consider:

• terrain type;
• soil type;
• soil freezing depth;
• the location of electrical wires and other communications. It must be borne in mind that the house should be located as close as possible to electrical lines. Otherwise, problems with connecting electricity in the house increase.

Cinder block and foam block are two very similar building materials. Therefore, the projects of houses from these blocks will be almost the same. If for some reason the projects do not fit or do not like, then the foam block option you like can be taken as a basis. In any case, the selected option will be redone to your liking, as well as based on the type of terrain.

Drawings of cinder block house projects

There are special catalogs of houses, which are divided into subspecies, as well as into different types, depending on the required size of the future building.

The set of drawings includes the following sections:

• architectural section. This includes the layout of the roofs, the floor plan, as well as an indication of the exact dimensions of the future home;
• constructive section. This includes the layout of all elements of the foundation, roof structures and stairs;
• communication section, which includes the heating part, water supply and drainage systems, as well as the main elements for a comfortable stay in the house.

The project should also include the following information:

• thickness of load-bearing walls;
• number of rooms;
• size and number of windows and doors.

On the one hand, when building a house, it will not be possible to make any changes and deviate from the project, which is required very often. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account all the nuances in advance and draw it up correctly.

On the other hand, without drawing up a project, it is impossible to start building a building in any case. In addition, when drawing up a document, you can calculate how much material is needed and find out how much it will cost to build a house.

The complete project must indicate the volume and composition of the necessary building materials

Projects of a cinder block house with an attic

Many are interested in whether it is possible to build a house from cinder blocks with an attic. Basically, the bearing capacity and strength of the cinder block allows you to do this. In addition, in this case, you can save on the external decoration of the walls, which will be replaced by the roofing part of the attic.

When choosing a project for a cinder block house with an attic, it is necessary at this stage to determine what dimensions the second floor will have, as well as what will be there.

In the attic, you can build the following rooms:

• billiard room;
• sports room;
• workshop;
• Studio;
• study;
• restroom;
• bedroom;
• game.

Thus, the attic can be used for every taste. But you need to understand that a house with an attic has not only pluses, but also minuses.

Advantages of building a cinder block house with an attic:

• beautiful appearance of the house;
• additional living space and placement of any room;
• saving building materials for facing external walls.

Cons of building a house with an attic:

• additional costs for the installation of a ventilation system;
• extra costs for heating the attic;
• with a large angle of inclination of the roof, the ceilings will turn out to be low. This results in problems with the furnishings of the attic room;
• additional costs for the installation of inclined double-glazed windows.

Popular cinder block house designs

Along with other projects, there are the most popular projects, which for many serve as a benchmark that can be modified to suit your needs. Each house project has its own name.

Standard projects allow you to make certain changes in them, but only a specialist can determine their measure

Captain

This is a project of a cinder block house with 2 floors. The dimensions of the house are 14.3 × 10.7 meters. The first floor of the cottage is 94.5 square meters. There is a living room, a terrace, a kitchen, an entrance hall and a boiler room.

On the second floor there is a dressing room and two bedrooms. The area of ​​the second floor is 60.3 square meters. On one side of the house, the roof slope rests on columns, thereby forming a covered parking lot for a car. It turns out very aesthetically pleasing.

Magdalen

This is a project of a two-story cinder block house with an attic. The total area is 153 square meters. This house is designed for living all year round. The estimated price of such a house is 620,000 rubles.

Price category

Turnkey cinder block houses have different prices, depending on the configuration and the construction company.

Some types of cinder block houses and their prices:

The better the equipment, the better the construction technology and the better the house will be.

Based on the prices presented, you can find out how much it will cost to build a house, knowing its future area. Of course, this construction method is not cheap. That's why it is better to build a house yourself. Fortunately, this is not difficult to do, because cinder block is an easy material when building a house.

Price for 1 piece of cinder block:

Usually, a hollow block is used for masonry walls.. Using this table, you can also calculate how much it will cost to build a future house from cinder blocks.

A hollow block for walls is used to save heat and reduce the load on the foundation of the house.

If you produce the material yourself, you can save even more. In this case, you will have to spend money only on a vibropress and cement. The remaining components can be found very cheaply or for free, because The composition of the cinder block includes construction, industrial, and metallurgical waste.

If a simple project is chosen for a cinder block house, for example, 6 by 6, then it is not so difficult to find documentation for it. Accordingly, the more complex the project, the more difficult it is to find. If the project is very complex and large, then it is better to entrust its preparation to specialists.

When drafting a project (it doesn’t matter if it’s one-story or two-story) a cinder block house, it is necessary to take into account the location of electrical networks and position the house so that it is as close to them as possible.

It is necessary to think through all the elements of the building at the design stage. It is unlikely that anything will change during the construction process., because any deviation from the project can lead to significant problems.

Conclusion

You can find a lot of different reviews about a cinder block house - both positive and negative. In general, everyone praises such houses, because building a house from cinder blocks is quite profitable. But before you start building any building, you need to carefully draw up a project in order to avoid problems in the future.

The implementation of the project of a cinder block house with an attic is presented in the video:

Cinder blocks are a popular wall material. It is often used in the construction industry for the construction of residential, office, utility rooms. Despite some shortcomings, it is considered one of the best options for building a house.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

Cinder blocks are produced by volumetric vibrocompression of concrete and various fillers: blast furnace slag, ash, gravel, perlite, expanded clay. The properties of the last component determine the technical characteristics of the material, in particular, its density (500 to 2000 kg / m³), ​​thermal conductivity (0.3 to 0.65 W / m ° C), frost resistance (15-35 freeze-thaw cycles) .

This material is chosen for building a house due to its affordable price, lightness, volume, and quick masonry. It can even be built without the involvement of professionals. Walls made of this material do not burn well and retain heat well due to the special design of the blocks (there are cavities inside and the structure of the block is porous). But at the same time, do not forget about some disadvantages:

• high hygroscopicity, so the house needs high-quality heat and waterproofing;
• uneven surface, which requires mandatory finishing;
• the composition may contain harmful substances, you need to carefully choose a supplier and require a quality certificate (in artisanal conditions it is unacceptable);
• monolithic blocks are heavy, which can increase transportation costs.

Everyone will determine for himself a cinder block, but its shortcomings can be easily eliminated with a competent approach to building a house.

Foreman's advice: for finishing the walls of a cinder block dwelling, it is better to use not a traditional cement mortar, but a special one with increased strength. It has a more reliable adhesion to the surface, and it will be much easier to carry out internal work (painting, wallpapering).

The technology of building a house from cinder block

You can build a cinder block house with your own hands. If you correctly approach the issue of wall insulation and waterproofing, then the owner will practically not feel the possible disadvantages. It is desirable to build a strip, columnar foundation on rocky-sandy soil and be sure to apply a layer of water-repellent material on it. Wall laying is carried out according to the same principle as brickwork: first we form corners, mark window and door openings and draw rows under the level. A cinder block house cannot be built without reinforcement. Each 3-4 row must be strengthened with an iron mesh, iron rods are used. The minimum thickness of a cinder block wall is 0.9 m.

The air gap between the wall and the outer cladding is filled with a heater with a thickness of at least 100 mm (polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam). You can plaster the inner surface with your own hands with a water-repellent solution, sometimes they put an additional layer of insulation and only then fix the lining, paint, glue the wallpaper.

Foreman's advice: when building a house from a cinder block, it is risky to use reinforced concrete floors (unless you install an iron belt over the wall blocks), it is better to opt for wooden or slabs.

price issue

Many opt for this material precisely because of its basic advantages: affordable price, lightness, masonry speed. The cost is lower than that of a brick. A full-bodied cinder block with dimensions of 400 * 200 * 200 can be bought for 35-60 rubles. apiece, hollow - about 40 p. Peregorodochnye will cost even cheaper. While one unit of brick costs about 12 r.

To build a house, for example, 10 × 10 m with 3 rooms and an attic, you will need approximately 2200 blocks. If we take the average price per piece - 50 rubles, we will spend 110 thousand rubles. for the purchase of wall material. But when laying a brick wall with a thickness of 2 stones per 1 m², 204 pieces will go. bricks. We multiply the area by this amount and get a total of 20,400 bricks. Now we take the average price per piece - 12 rubles. and do the same arithmetic operation. It turns out that we will need to spend 244,800 rubles on a house of 100 m², and this does not include the cost of the solution, which is more than when using the first material.

Do-it-yourself cinder block house is a reliable and profitable solution. Individual disadvantages of the material can be easily eliminated by competent installation of heat and waterproofing materials. They will provide good performance properties of the home, and the blocks guarantee its strength.

Video

When you start construction, you want everything to be done as quickly as possible, cheaper and more reliable. All these factors can be satisfied by a house built from cinder block with your own hands. This building material can be made independently. We will consider both the technology of its production and the construction process from marking to roof installation.

Advantages and disadvantages

cinder block

At some point in time, the cinder block became very popular. This is explained by the fact that the waste material that remained after the smelting of the metal had to be used somewhere. It was decided to use it as a filler for building components. And so this artificial stone appeared. But then he was not distinguished by the best qualities, because from an environmental point of view, he had certain shortcomings. It had to be kept on the street for about a year and only after that put into work. Today the situation is a little different and it seems to be the most popular material for the construction of low buildings. Its strengths are:

• Long service life. With the right approach, the stone will last about 100 years.
• Good thermal insulation. Thanks to the manufacturing method with air chambers, the material perfectly retains heat.
• High build speed. Due to the large dimensions, the walls can be driven out much faster than from ordinary bricks.
• Resistant to the development of fungus and mold.
• The possibility of an individual approach to the size.
• The material is unloved by rodents and other pests.
• A house made of such material is easy to repair.

Light blocks with decorative finishes

Flaws:

• It absorbs moisture well, which leads to a loss of heat capacity.
• Poor plaster adhesion to this building block.
• The impossibility of erecting a building more than 2 floors.
• The need for rapid construction of the roof. The fact is that the expelled walls cannot be left uncovered for a long time, because this will lead to their rapid destruction.
• The importance of strict adherence to masonry technology.
• The need for a high foundation.
• It is important to carry out construction work in dry weather.
• Poor tolerance of building shrinkage. In this case, a split is possible not at the seams, but along the blocks themselves.

Building Blocks

If you decide to purchase cinder blocks, then there are a few nuances that you should pay attention to. Well, if it is possible to take measurements with a dosimeter. Thanks to this, you can determine how environmentally friendly the material is. Look at the conditions under which it was stored. It is important that this is not an open space where it is exposed to precipitation. It should not have chips or cracks. Using a tape measure, you need to check its dimensions. Parallel sides must match.

Cinder block making machine

The manufacturing technology is quite simple. To successfully move in this direction, it will be necessary to acquire some equipment, as well as accurately maintain proportions. So, the first step is to design a vibrotamper. For this you will need:

• sheet metal 3 mm thick;
• pipe with a diameter of 75–80 mm;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• roulette;
• electric motor to create vibration.

Fixed motor from washing machine

The engine can be used from an old washing machine or from a grinder. Large power is not required. The main thing is to correctly place the weight, which will shift the center of gravity.

The sequence of work will be as follows:

• Blanks are cut out of metal. Two of them are 200×400 mm, the other two are 200×200 mm.
• They need to be welded together to make a small box.
• Cut three pieces of pipe 170 mm each. The size is smaller along the length so that the thickness of the bottom wall is at least 30 mm.
• Cuts are made along the end of the sleeves to a depth of 50 mm. One of the sides is given the appearance of a truncated cone.
• From the other end, cuts are made to a depth of 50 mm. A strip of metal 400 mm long is placed in them. It connects all three elements together.
• The ends of the pipes are closed with plugs.
• This design is placed in a box and fixed to the walls.
• A side is welded along the upper end of the container to make it more convenient to backfill and ram the solution.
• Additionally, you can make a mechanism by which the box will rise up. To do this, you can use a profile square pipe. If there is no desire to complicate, then it is enough to weld two handles on the sides of the box.
• An engine is attached to the large side. To do this, four bolts are welded to the wall so that their location coincides with the holes on the apparatus body. It is pressed with washers and nuts of a suitable diameter.
• Additionally, a cover is made, which improves the tamping. For it, you need a sheet of metal 195 × 395 mm. It is necessary to make holes in it for pipes (they should be 5 mm larger than the diameter of the sleeves) and cut into two parts along. This must be done so that it calmly sinks and does not rest against the partition that secures the hollows. The parts are interconnected using brackets made of reinforcement. It is also necessary to make a depth limiter, which will exclude its immersion deeper than 5 cm.
• In order to speed up the work, you can combine several of these containers with each other.
• Two bolts are welded onto the motor shaft on both sides. This must be done symmetrically. In the future, in order to adjust the frequency and strength of vibrations, it will be enough to screw the required number of nuts.
• The final touch will be a thorough polishing and painting. This is necessary so that subsequently the solution lags better.

Machines for the production of various cinder blocks

Today on sale there are many options for ready-made machines. If you do not want to waste time and energy, then you can simply buy or rent it.

cinder block manufacturing

The key to durable and resistant to various influences blocks is a properly prepared solution. If a compactor is used, it must be sufficiently dry. If it is incorrect to calculate the proportions of water, then after raising the container, it will simply disintegrate. As a filler, you can use ash from burnt coal, broken bricks, small gravel, slag, etc. To give additional resistance to moisture, plasticizers are used. The first mix will look like this:

• 9:1 ​​- cement and slag, which is well sifted so that there are no extra inclusions;
• water should be about half of the cement.

Second cooking method:

• 4:4:1 - industrial granulated slag, crushed stone of small fractions, cement;
• water is the same ratio as for the first option.

The best consistency can be roughly determined as follows: you need to take the finished solution and squeeze it in your hand. It must keep its shape. If you then throw it on the ground, it should spread. After squeezing it again, it should hold its shape again.

The best place to work would be outdoors. Under such conditions, the mortar will dry and set faster, which will increase productivity. It is desirable that the place is flat. This may be a concrete path or a lining made of sheet metal, boards knocked into shields, etc. The block preparation process will be as follows:

• The unit is installed in the place from which the calculation will begin.
• The prepared mixture is poured inside. Its quantity must be greater than the actual capacity.
• The vibrator motor is turned on for a few seconds. Part of the solution sits down, so you need to add more.
• The vibrator starts again for a few seconds. Finishing filling is done and the upper end is closed with a lid.
• Sealing is in progress. If the lid has reached the limiters, then you can raise the container.
• Full setting takes a period of 4 to 9 days.
• Finished products can be stored indoors. You need to move them there after a day of drying on the street. If there is a plasticizer in the composition, then after 6 hours.
• For greater convenience, they can be stacked on top of each other.
• They will be ready for the construction process in 1-2 months.

Partition cinder block

Often, partitions are laid out from blocks that are smaller in size. For their manufacture, it will be necessary to make a mold according to a similar principle, as described above, but its dimensions will be 120 × 400 × 200 mm. It is better to use rectangular inserts as void formers. They should be of such dimensions that the walls are at least 3 cm.

Calculation of the number of blocks

When calculating blocks, you need to take into account doors and windows

Projects must be approached rationally. It makes no sense to be overly economical, because this will affect the quality of the future structure. There is also no reason for being extravagant. This is especially true for the number of blocks. Calculations should begin with the fact that to determine the thickness of the wall. This size is determined by several factors, such as climatic conditions and soil conditions. If the temperature drops too low during the winter period, then it may be necessary to make a wall of 40-60 cm. In other areas, 20 cm will be enough, which will also be insulated with foam or foam. Laying can be done in several ways:

• Half a stone. This does not mean that the block will need to be cut into two parts. This means that it lies along. That is, in the described case, this is a thickness of 20 cm.
• In a whole stone. This is the one that lies across, while the wall is 40 cm.
• One and a half stones. By simple addition, we find out that this is 60 cm.
• In two stones - 80 cm.

Suppose that a project of a future house with dimensions of 10 × 12 m was chosen, one-story with a wall height of 3 m. The first step is to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls. To do this, multiply the length by the width. 3 × 10 \u003d 30 m2, 12 × 3 \u003d 36 m2, now we double these results and add them up, because there are two identical planes. 30×2+36×2=132 m2. So the end result is 132 m2. We determine the area of ​​one block - 0.2 × 0.4 = 0.08 m2. Divide the total area of ​​the walls by the area of ​​the block - 132:0.08=1650. But this figure is valid if the wall is planned in one stone. If in two, then the end result will be 3300 blocks.

These calculations deliberately do not take into account the openings that will be made for windows and doors. This is done in order to have a small margin. While working with the material, there may be rejection, and our surplus compensates for it.

The calculation of the amount of stone for partition walls is carried out in the same way. In fact, the final figure will be the sum of the blocks for the main walls and internal ones.

Foundation laying

Recessed strip foundation

As mentioned above, this type of construction requires a high foundation. In addition, it must be very durable so that in no case cracks begin to form, which will certainly pass through the entire wall. The work will be carried out in the following order:

• The area chosen for construction is carefully inspected. It is better to find out in advance in which part of the site the groundwater is at a lower level. She's the one who fits.
• Everything that clutters it is cleaned up, the grass is mowed to the lowest possible level. This is necessary to assess the overall slope and markup.
• According to the drawing, landmarks are transferred to the area according to the size of the future building.

Plot marking

• One peg is driven into each corner.
• The correct dimensions are checked. In addition to length and width, diagonals are also measured - they must match so that the shape is correct, and not trapezoidal (if this is not provided for by the project).
• Holders for the reference line are made. This will require 16 wooden blocks of arbitrary size, but at least 90-100 cm long. You will need 8 more small boards. Their length should be 10–15 cm more than the width of the foundation. From the boards a crossbar is made for two bars. You should get a design in the shape of the letter P.
• Two self-tapping screws are screwed on each crossbar. The distance between them should be equal to the width of the foundation.
• All elements must be hammered into the ground. It is important to do this at such a level that the screws are at a height of 70 cm above the surface. The order of the supports is two for each corner so that they are opposite each other in pairs.
• A fishing line or twine is stretched between the elements. It is more convenient to use a fishing line that has a bright color. It is not lost against the background of surrounding objects.
• At this stage, it is once again necessary to check the diagonals between the corners that the stretched thread formed.
• A trench is being dug. Its depth should be 50 cm below the freezing of the soil.
• Sand is poured to a height of 25 cm. It is leveled and rammed well. After that, you need to wet it with water and let it dry. If necessary, add a level.
• Another 25 cm is made of crushed stone. This layer is also well compacted. Ramming is best done with a special electric or gasoline tool.

Foundation reinforcement

• Next, a metal grill is made. For the foundation of the planned height, two or three elements will be required. To work, you need ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 – 12 mm. It is better to assemble the structure on the surface. Its dimensions should be such that it is immersed in concrete 5 cm on each side. That is, the total length and height must be at least 10 cm less than the length and height of the foundation. Several rods are laid out for a total length. The distance between the horizontal components should not exceed 30 cm. If there are no strips of the required length, then you can get from several. In this case, the binding between them should be at least 1 m. Staples are made from smaller rods. Their height should be equal to the size of the planned crate, and the bent elements should be the width of the structure. They are attached to the lined elements every 30-40 cm. Instead of staples, you can make ordinary vertical jumpers. They are fixed to each other with a knitting wire. From above, the same number of longitudinal rods are attached to the inner side as from below.
• Typically, the height of one such structure is 40–50 cm.
• Stands are laid out at the bottom of the pit, which will allow the concrete to close the reinforced base from below. For these purposes, bricks or other homogeneous elements can be used. The minimum height is 5 cm.
• Formwork is made from edged boards knocked into shields, plywood or other durable material. It must be strong enough to withstand the pressure that the concrete will exert. Be sure to install the jibs, which will be stops from the outside. The distance between the shields must be the same so that the foundation is obtained without sagging.
• After the preparatory work, you need to prepare a solution for pouring. In advance, you need to make sure that there is an assistant and a productive concrete mixer, you can use several. This is very important, because it is necessary to provide a good volume. Thanks to this, the design will turn out to be monolithic, and not puff, which will reduce strength. The composition of the mixture will be 3:1:3 - crushed stone, Portland cement, sand. For such purposes, Portland cement is perfect. The fact is that it contains additives of calcium silicate and gypsum. Thanks to this, a quick setting occurs and strength is ensured. Be sure to add a plasticizer, thus the fluidity and filling of voids will be improved, frost resistance will increase, as well as moisture resistance.

Compaction of concrete with a vibrator

• Periodically, during pouring, it is necessary to treat with a vibrator. So the concrete is better compacted and the structure will subsequently gain maximum strength.
• During pouring, it is also necessary to try to distribute all the concrete in level. Subsequently, this will help to quickly cope with the pasture of the walls.
• If the weather is hot enough, then it is necessary to moisten the surface with plenty of water, it would also be good to cover the foundation with a building film or pieces of roofing material.
• With a high curing rate, the formwork can be removed after a week.
• It is better to continue further work after a month. It is this period that is necessary for the cement-sand mixture to gain all its strength.

If you decide not to fill in such a high foundation, as described earlier, then you need to take care of the construction of the base. This is a continuation of the foundation, which protrudes above the surface of the earth. It is important to remember that before you start laying it, it is necessary to provide for waterproofing. To do this, a roofing material or bikrost is laid on the foundation. The height of such a structure should reach 70 cm or more. Then a layer of waterproofing is laid on it again, and only after that the construction of walls begins.

Walling

When building walls, the main task is to make them even, without protrusions. The first step on the way to such a result is to determine the highest corner of the foundation. The fact is that during pouring it is difficult to deduce the ideal value. This measurement is made using a water level. In advance, you need to make sure that its length is enough for the length of the foundation.

• An arbitrary angle is selected. One flask of the device is installed on it. The other part moves to different ends. Thanks to the difference in the position of the water, you can determine where the highest point is. Laying and leveling should start from here. It is very important to do this, because if you start the construction from the lowest point, you will have to subsequently cut the stones. If this is done with the highest, it will simply be enough to make the seam a little larger.
• Having set the starting point, you can do the same for the remaining corners. This will require the same hydraulic level. The task will be to place 4 more stones so that they coincide with the reference in all planes. Additionally, you can check the diagonals.

A line is stretched along the outer edge of the wall

• A fishing line or twine is stretched along the outer edge of the wall. It will help to make the wall flat in the horizontal plane. It is necessary to raise it to the height of one row and, after each new one, rearrange it to the same level. During operation, it is necessary to ensure that the landmark is not pressed or touched by anything, otherwise it will not be of any use.
• To maintain the verticality of the wall, you can use several tools. For example, after laying each row, check the plane using the building level. An ordinary plumb line will also serve as a guide. If there is no desire to mess with such devices, then you can build stationary reference points. To do this, metal pipes are buried in the ground, which fit close to the wall. They are exposed in planes and fixed. Thanks to them, it will be possible to control the process.
• The solution has good thermal conductivity, so there can be significant heat loss due to it. To reduce this value, it will be enough to control its layer. It is better if it does not exceed 1.5 cm.

Adding a plasticizer to the solution

• If you do not have much experience in masonry, then add a special plasticizer to the cement-sand mixture, which will slow down its setting. This will help to calmly expose each element without having to redo it later.
• Do not try to close the cavities in the stone with a solution, this will only worsen its properties. If desired, they can be filled with loose insulation.
• Every 3-5 rows it is necessary to insert a metal mesh. It will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

During the laying of the last few rows, you must not forget to wall up the studs. It will be good if you can bend them and bandage them with the seam of one of the rows. They should protrude above the surface to a distance exceeding the height of the Mauerlat beam by 4 cm. The step can be kept at 1 m or less. Rolled wire can be used instead of studs. Another option would be to fill the armored belt with the installation of studs in it.

Roofing

The installation of the rafter system and the laying of the flooring should be started as soon as possible after the end of the pasture of the walls. Before choosing the desired shape of the future roof, it is necessary to analyze what maximum amount of precipitation can fall, what kind of wind gusts there are. You also need to consider what buildings or trees are nearby. Usually all data can be obtained from the relevant services. This information will affect which angle will need to be observed.

If the area is famous for the presence of strong gusts of wind, then the slope of the roof must be maintained in the region of 15-20 °. Even with sufficiently strong snow drifts, the layer will not remain, it will simply inflate. In the case when the area is quiet, but there is a lot of precipitation, then the optimal solution would be a spread of 35‒40°. With such a slope, the snow will not be able to linger in large layers.

On private houses, a gable roof or all kinds of multi-pitched variations look great. We will consider an example of the construction of the first option. If the principle is well understood, then you can move on to more complex designs.

• Installation begins with the installation of the base - Mauerlat. They can tie the longitudinal walls on which the rafters will rest. Or install it around the entire perimeter, which will facilitate the construction of the pediment if it is wooden, not brick. To do this, you need a bar with a section from 50 × 150 mm to 200 × 200 mm. It should be placed in the middle or no closer than 5 cm to the edge. A layer of waterproofing must be laid under it, which will prevent the accumulation of moisture and rotting of the wood. Holes are drilled at the locations of the studs. Boards are fixed with nuts and washers or knots when using wire.
• At its core, the truss system is a constructor that includes a large number of details. In shape, it resembles the letter A. In this case, the beams act to break, that is, the force is applied in such a way that the walls are under constant stress. This option is not very good for a cinder block house, so it is advisable to use additional connecting elements. They are racks and beds.
• The first step is to install the ceiling beams. After that, the entire area can be covered with a film so that rainwater does not get inside the building.
• Next, the beds are laid on which the racks will rest. They should run parallel to the Mauerlat. The distance between them will depend on how the attic space will be used. You can make them from the same timber as the base.

Rafter device

• Rafter legs are interconnected with nails or nail plates. In some cases, additional metal staples are used. If they need to be lengthened, then it is better to overlap, it should be about 1 m.
• Rigels can be two or more. It is important to remember that the distance between them should be no more than 50 cm.
• The trusses must be the same size to support the plane of the roof. You can collect them both on the building and below. In most cases, the second option is safer and more reliable.
• Two finished elements rise up. They are installed at the ends of the roof and fixed with temporary struts.
• Three strings are stretched between them. One goes along the upper corner, the other two - from the middle of each side. They will serve as guidelines for how the next trusses will be mounted. Instead of fishing line, you can use a ridge board. It is important to put it on temporary supports and check that it is level in the plane.
• All other farms are installed. In order for them not to move, jumpers are mounted, which will then be removed. The step between the rafter legs must be observed such that it will facilitate the simple installation of the insulation.
• The entire area from above is tightened with a hydrobarrier membrane.
• What material should be used for the crate is usually indicated in the recommendations for the flooring that is planned to be used.
• The last step is to insulate the roof. This is usually done with mineral wool. This is a very important stage, because it will reduce heat losses and reduce the cost of various types of fuel.

It is better to close the gables as soon as possible. This must be done so that the wind does not blow precipitation inward. So moisture will not accumulate and destroy the building material.

Interior and exterior decoration

Exterior finish

It is advisable not to leave the walls bare for a long period. Their finishing can be carried out in parallel with roofing work. For the outside, the ideal solution would be insulation with foam. It is fastened with the help of special dowels-umbrellas. It's better to start from the bottom. First of all, a metal starting bar is mounted. In its role can be a profile for drywall. It needs to be leveled, which will simplify the task in the future. A hole is drilled through the insulation sheet using a perforator in the wall. Glue is applied to the back of the insulation; ordinary polyurethane foam with low expansion can act as its role. Each element should fit snugly against the previous one. During installation, it is advisable to check the evenness of the surface with a level. After that, the entire surface is covered with glue intended for this purpose. Together with its application, a reinforcing mesh is laid, which will prevent the appearance of dents from impacts. The final layer will be a decorative finish. It can be bark beetle or embossed plaster.

House siding upholstery

The house can be sheathed with siding. In this case, mineral wool can also be used for insulation. A product with a high density, for example, foam, is suitable. First, the crate is mounted under the cladding. After that, a heater is inserted into the space between the beams. You can fix it to the wall in the same way as the foam.

As noted above, it will be almost impossible to use plaster for interior decoration. But this is not a problem, because you can sheathe the rooms with drywall. This will compensate for any irregularities, as well as apply the desired finish to it. It is important to take care of the vapor barrier so that moisture does not seep into the cinder block.

It will take a sufficient amount of time to complete all these works. But with good organization and planning, you can meet acceptable deadlines. It is always interesting to look at finished projects. Share your observations and suggestions in the comments to this article.

In this video you will see how you can make a cinder block at home:

Watch the process of laying the cinder block:

cinder block house

Cinder block house and garage

The house is built of blocks with decorative trim

House with an outbuilding

Two-story cinder block house

This house will have a ventilated facade

This cinder block house is many years old.

Cinder block houses are becoming more and more popular every year. The cinder block technique was developed in the 70s of the 20th century and became famous for its simple and quick construction process. Building a house from cinder blocks with your own hands is an opportunity to save money and become the owner of a reliable and warm home.

To build a house from cinder blocks, it is not necessary to turn to professional builders, you can study the cinder block construction technique and do everything yourself. First, develop a project, calculate how much material you need, and you can get to work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you start creating a project and building a house, you need to learn about the pros and cons of cinder block buildings.

Advantages of cinder block houses:

1. Saving money. This material is much cheaper than brick and wood, especially if you produce it yourself.
2. A cinder block house does not require a massive foundation.
3. The material does not impose special requirements for storage and transportation.
4. The construction is reliable and does not differ in quality from houses built from other materials.

But there is also two major drawbacks:

1. The material is afraid of water, so you can build a house only in dry weather, and then plaster the walls well.
2. To ensure the required level of sound and heat insulation, it is necessary to choose materials responsibly. If this stage of construction is not performed correctly, moisture will penetrate into the cinder block.

The foundation for the house of cinder blocks

The main requirements for the foundation: it should be high to protect the house from moisture, which the cinder block is so afraid of, and well insulated. If the house is one-story and without reinforced concrete floors, then the foundation does not have to be made superstrong.

For building a foundation for a cinder block house you will need: crushed stone, cement, gravel, rebar, sand, concrete mixer, cinder blocks, opata, level, hydro and vapor barrier material.

This process is carried out in several stages:

1. Dig a trench and make a bed of sand and gravel about 50 cm high.
2. Install the formwork and make a reinforced frame.
3. Prepare a concrete solution: mix 3 parts of sand and gravel and 1 part of cement. Fill them with the prepared structure.

The construction of the plinth, if provided, can be started after 7 days, and the construction of walls can only be done after complete drying (approximately 1 month).

Walling

First, the corners are set so that the walls are perfectly even. One cinder block is placed in each corner, then it is leveled with a building level. Pull the twine along which you will lay out the walls. Prepare before starting work:

• a mallet to knock out cinder blocks;
• a trowel for removing excess mortar at the seams;
• plasticizer (this material is added to the solution to increase its strength and ductility);
• circular saw or hacksaw for sawing cinder blocks;
• orders, plumb lines and spatulas.

The cinder block is laid in one of the traditional ways:

• tychkovy (in one stone);
• spoon (in half a stone);
• one and a half stones;
• two stones.

Important to remember that the laying of cinder blocks can only be done at temperatures above 15 degrees. After the preparatory work, build the first row of blocks. The height of the seam should not be more than 1.5 cm, otherwise this will lead to a deterioration in thermal insulation properties. Do not fill voids in cinder blocks with cement!

When erecting the first three rows, check the wall as often as possible with a level, it must be strictly vertical. Cinder blocks are stacked with an offset of ½ block.

To avoid cracks and make the structure stronger, builders advise using reinforcement. To do this, you need fittings and electric cutters or wall chasers. With the help of electromills, recesses are made in cinder blocks, reinforcement is inserted into them and cement mortar is poured. This procedure is repeated in every fourth row.

Video of building a house from cinder blocks, masonry.

When the walls are erected, you can start building the roof. This process cannot be postponed for a long time, so as not to expose the cinder blocks to the detrimental effects of precipitation. The same applies to external and internal finishing works.

How to insulate a house?

In order to be comfortable in the house in cold weather, you need take care of building insulation and. Experts say that it is better to insulate the building from the outside, as this guarantees 70% of the effect, sometimes internal insulation is not even required.

Before internal insulation, a vapor barrier layer is mounted on the walls and ceiling of the building, after which mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Vapor barrier is not required for exterior walls.

If you want to save on insulation, then use foam. This is the cheapest material, in the future it is plastered and painted. You can also buy polystyrene foam, which has a low level of water absorption, so you do not need to install a vapor barrier layer.

Wall insulation with foam plastic and decorative work is carried out in 5 stages:

1. The walls are plastered.
2. The foam is attached.
3. Reinforced mesh is being installed.
4. Work is underway to level and finish the walls.
5. The building is being painted.

For painting, it is better to choose acrylic or silicone plaster. And if you are not limited in finances, then for insulation it is better to purchase polyurethane foam - a modern material that is applied to walls by pouring or spraying. The result is a coating without seams, it does not allow cold air and moisture to pass through.

How to calculate the number of cinder blocks per house?

If you are building a house from cinder blocks, then you first need to calculate the amount of material. Those who produce the building material themselves can make the missing amount at any time, it is only important to remember that the blocks will take time to become strong.

To calculate the number of cinder blocks, you need to know the thickness of the wall. It may differ depending on the climatic conditions of the region where the house is being built. In the middle lane, a thickness of 20-40 cm is enough, and in order for the house to keep warm in harsh winters, the size must be at least 60 cm.

When calculating remember basic construction terms: half a stone (20 cm), a stone (40 cm), one and a half stones (60 cm), two stones (80 cm).

We will carry out calculations according to the most common parameters that are used in the construction of a house from cinder blocks. For example, you need to build a building 9x7, the height of the walls is 3 meters. The area of ​​one cinder block is 0.08 m (0.4x0.2).

The first thing to do is calculate the number of blocks per 1 meter of wall. For this, 1 / 0.08 sq.m., it turns out 12.5 pieces. The wall will be built from two rows, so 12.5x2 = 25 cinder blocks. Now let's calculate the area of ​​the house: (9+9+7+7)x3=96 sq.m. 9 and 7 are the length of the walls, and 3 is the height. For each square meter, 25 cinder blocks are needed, which means that for the construction of the whole house: 25x96 = 2400 pieces.

Openings are not taken into account in the calculations, but this is not necessary. Cinder block is a fragile material, so you need to take it with a margin.

The price of building a house

How much does it cost to build a cinder block house? You can build a house from cinder blocks with your own hands, but do not forget about the development of the project. You can do it yourself or leave it to the professionals. The main thing is to take into account the climatic conditions and features of the soil, the stability of the building.

The average cost of one cinder block is 35 rubles. For a 9x7 house, you will need 2400 pieces, that is, this material will cost 84 thousand rubles. But this is only the erection of walls, also do not forget about the construction of the foundation, the construction of the roof, sound and heat insulation, and finishing work.

Is it worth building?

Many of them are satisfied with the construction process, because the house can be built during the holidays. Save on the material itself and the mortar, which takes half as much as on brickwork. Houses made of this material look original, warm in winter and cool in summer.

cinder block houses- These are reliable and durable structures. For their construction, it will not take much time and financial expenses, especially if you produce cinder blocks yourself. But in order for the building to serve for a long time, and to live comfortably in it, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and decoration.

Building a house from cinder blocks (wall blocks), made by hand, is quite real. In addition, it is a quick and cost-effective option for the construction of a low-rise building.

How to make a cinder block at home with your own hands?

We will need:

• special molds for pouring, made of wood or metal. There should be a lot of them, since we will dry the blocks right in them;
• cement grade 400 or 500. The strength of the cement will depend only on you, because when creating a house project, you calculated all the loads on the walls, roof and ceilings;
• ordinary water;
• fillers (expanded clay, sawdust, sand, furnace slag or perlite, etc.),
• any devices (these can be special blanks made of wood, metal or ordinary glass bottles), with the help of which we will create voids in the wall blocks.

We mix the solution for pouring molds in the following proportions: sand-cement-filler 3:1:5. We put in the form of a bottle or a blank where we planned to get voids and fill it with the prepared solution. When the mixture sets enough (after 5-6 hours), the blanks (bottles) can be removed.

In this form, we leave the form for 24 hours, for the mixture to set. After a specified period of time, we release the blocks from the molds and again pour the cinder concrete solution into them.

We stack the finished blocks in a stack for drying so that they acquire the strength of concrete (dry for 28-30 days). And only after all this we will use cinder blocks to build a house.

Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks - the main stages

Foundation preparation

The foundation of the house should be high (75 cm above the ground), treated with coating liquid waterproofing quite well, and it is not necessary to make it from reinforced monolithic concrete (provided that you have not planned several floors).

The first stage of our construction looks like this: we install formwork on a pillow (about 50 cm high) of crushed stone and sand and fill everything with concrete mix.

The foundation concrete will set in about 7 days. Then you can make a basement at home, but we begin to build walls only after the final hardening of concrete, after about 30 days.

It should be noted that it is imperative to make high-quality horizontal waterproofing between the base and cinder blocks.

Walling

In order for the walls to be guaranteed even, it is necessary to set the corners. Therefore, in each corner we lay a cinder block and level the corner with a building level. Then we stretch the twine along the perimeter, along which we will lay out the walls.

A plasticizer should be added to the masonry mortar, this will increase the strength of the erected structure, and also prolong the life of the mortar before it begins to solidify, so we will knead new portions less often.

A thick layer of mortar should not be applied between cinder blocks, so as not to create additional cold bridges in the masonry. A layer up to about 15 mm is recommended.

A mallet (rubber mallet) weighing 600 grams will not be superfluous. for punching blocks. Excess mortar at the seams should be removed with a trowel.

Completion of construction

We finished laying the walls, let them dry completely - it's time for the construction of the next floor and roof. Here it is required to take into account the weight of the rafters and ceilings.

It is advisable to strengthen the top row of wall blocks with an iron belt if we use something much heavier than wood for interfloor floors.

But with the construction of the roof, it is not necessary to delay in order to protect the open walls from precipitation. We do not tighten both with internal and external finishing, it is desirable to additionally insulate the house from the outside with extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam or basalt slabs.

P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Building a house from cinder block

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block is considered a fairly convenient and quick way of building, but any fact has both positive and negative sides, this is what we will try to figure out. We will also think about how to make this building material at our site.

Cinder block house - choose the material

For small buildings, this material is considered the most convenient and practical. In addition, the cheapness of cinder blocks has long been known, this fact becomes even more noticeable if you produce building blocks right on your site. Further, the advantages of this material only continue to pour in, for example, you may not even be a professional bricklayer to successfully build a house from cinder block. With the right technology, you will also get a “warm” house, because the air cavities will become the best insulator.

But there are also disadvantages to such a material, for example, it is very afraid of water, so you will have to guess the weather and after construction, plaster the walls well, the craftsmen advise making a layer up to 2 cm on one side and the other. Also, this “fear” is reflected in the foundation, or rather, in its isolation and height. To prevent moisture from reaching the blocks, you need to make the foundation higher, and it is even better to provide a plinth, and then make a thorough waterproofing between it and the first row of the wall. It would be desirable to finish the construction before the rainy season, and even put a roof on so that dampness and moisture do not damage the material. Fortunately, speed is a plus for building from cinder blocks.

When buying blocks on the market, you should be able to evaluate their quality and safety. After all, any filler for cement in their manufacture can be taken, sometimes even combustion waste, for example, ash. Such blocks will not be good, it is better to focus on expanded clay, sawdust, crushed stone, brick chips. Feel free to check the strength of the purchased material. You need to drop it, without effort, just lift it a meter and a half and let it go. If it breaks, such a product is not suitable for you, even a crack is considered unacceptable. Only a few chips testify to the required strength.

How to put a cinder block and calculate its amount per house?

The amount of purchased material is considered in several stages, first you determine the parameters of your structure and the thickness of the walls, and then calculate the number of blocks, depending on the geometric parameters of the building elements. First of all, we decide what the walls will be in thickness, this will determine the type of masonry. If the most severe winter is not more than 20 ° C of frost, then 45 cm of the wall is enough, if the temperature drops below, then it is better to make a thickness of 60 cm or more.

Now we look at the parameters of purchased blocks or home-made ones and determine how to lay the cinder block, which will help us most conveniently achieve the planned wall width. These can be the following options: half a stone, one stone, one and a half and two stones. And then comes the most important part - the calculation of the purchased material. You need to calculate the perimeter and multiply by the expected wall thickness. So you get the area that the masonry edge should cover.

REMOSKOP.RU site masters have prepared a special calculator for you Calculation of building blocks. You can easily calculate the required number of blocks.

For example, you lay out a wall in two stones, the dimensions of which are 200x400 mm, that is, an area of ​​​​0.08 m2. It is necessary to cover an area of ​​12 m (house perimeter) * 0.4 m (wall thickness) = 4.8 m2. This means that in order to lay out the first row of blocks on the entire perimeter of the house, it will take 4.8 / 0.08 = 60 blocks. Next, estimate the height of one block, the expected height of the walls, and calculate the number of rows. For example, the height of the block is 20 cm, the height of the walls is expected to be 2.5 m, which means that the rows will need 250/20 = 12.5 (round 13). Therefore, in total, about 13 * 60 = 780 blocks will be needed.

This calculation was made roughly, without taking into account openings for windows and doors, but we will keep this figure as the main one in order to have a supply of stone in case of breaks, battles and other unforeseen situations during transportation and construction, besides, we will probably have to cut some blocks.

How to make cinder blocks with your own hands?

As we have already mentioned, you can make cinder blocks with your own hands. For manufacturing, you will need a special form for pouring, water, cement, filler (sand, crushed stone, slag, expanded clay, etc.) and some devices for creating a cavity in the stone, for example, bottles or special blanks. Forms can be made of wood or metal, and it is better if there are a lot of them, because the blocks will have to be dried right in them. The strength of cement is taken at your discretion, the design of your house is closer to you and you know about further loads on the walls, whether it be a roof or floors.

The solution is kneaded, as for pouring, the proportions are approximately as follows: cement-sand-filler 1:3:5. All this is poured into a mold with exposed bottles or blanks in places where cavities are planned. After 5 hours, when the mixture sets a little, the blanks can be removed. Now the resulting form is left to set for 24 hours. Then the blocks are taken out of the molds, and new ones can be poured, and these are stacked to dry for 28 days, until the concrete gains strength, only after that they can be used in building a house.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - stages of work

The masonry of this stone is somewhat different from the usual brick, however, in some cases, we even win, so let's take a closer look at the process.

Building a house with your own hands from a cinder block - a step by step diagram

Step 1: Foundation preparation

We have already mentioned that the foundation needs to be high (up to 70 cm above the ground) and well insulated, but it is not necessary to make it super strong, of course, unless you have several floors or reinforced concrete floors. The first stage of your construction should look something like this: a formwork is installed on a high pillow of sand and gravel (about 50 cm), in which reinforcement is placed, and all this is poured with medium or high strength concrete. After a week, the foundation will set, and if you have a basement planned, you can already make it, and the walls can only be started directly after the concrete has completely cured, i.e. after 28 days. Under the base and above it must be high-quality waterproofing.

Step 2: Building the walls

First we set the corners, this guarantees smooth walls in the future. To do this, we put one cinder block from each wall in the corners, level the corner with a building level, and stretch the rope along the perimeter, along which we will lay out the future walls. It remains to take the solution and start laying. The first 3 rows will be the most important, they set the percentage of quality for the entire wall, so apply the level more often, both in the horizontal plane and in the vertical one. Some craftsmen add a plasticizer to the masonry mortar, thereby increasing the strength of the future structure and extending the life of the mortar until it solidifies in order to knead new portions less often.

We do not recommend applying a thick layer of cement between cinder blocks, as you create additional channels for cold, because the working solution does not have such insulating qualities as cinder blocks, so a layer of up to 1.5 cm is enough. Do not fill the cavities in the blocks with cement, this will reduce the thermal insulation, they can then be covered with something warmer, such as slag. During laying, you will need a rubber mallet to tap on the blocks and a trowel to remove excess mortar from the joints. By the way, you will have to build even a one-story building using scaffolding, it is extremely inconvenient to lay blocks from a stepladder, this can degrade the quality of the building.

Step 3: Completion of construction

After the laying of the walls and the complete drying of the elements, it is time for the next floor or roof. There is a question about the severity of the floors or beams of the truss system, if you use something heavier than wood, then the top row of cinder blocks must be strengthened with an iron belt. And again, we are not afraid to repeat ourselves, we should not hesitate with the construction of the roof, we must not allow the existence of open walls in the rainy season. Also, do not delay with the exterior and interior decoration, you can even additionally insulate the building from the inside and outside with a thin layer of mineral wool, for example. The main component of success in cinder block construction is to protect the building from the external environment as quickly as possible.

Increasingly, for the construction of modern houses, materials such as cinder block are used. And the secret of such popularity lies not only in its low cost. It has many benefits. It is no worse than modern building materials, which are made using the latest technologies. It is ideal for the construction of residential buildings.

The cinder block is a building stone. It is obtained by shrinking cement mortar in various forms. The manufacturing technology is not particularly complicated, it does not require special equipment and installations. The solution is made up of various components, but this does not greatly affect the final characteristics. Therefore, you can make such a building material yourself. To do this, you will need to make a form into which the solution mixture will be poured.

Manufacturing

As a rule, industrial cinder block is always larger than red or sand-lime brick. By making it yourself, you can give it the size and shape of your choice. You can make a form from ordinary wooden boards. The solution is made from ash, which can be replaced with slag waste from boiler houses. Cement is also added to it. All these components make it possible to obtain building materials of increased strength. For even greater strength, sand, dolomite crushed stone, brick chips, and limestone screenings can be added to the solution. Of course, all this must be filled with water. From such a solution, concrete cinder blocks are obtained, which have a significant weight. To get a lightweight version, the solution is kneaded on the basis of cement, expanded clay, slag and ash.

Such elements are used not only for the construction of residential buildings. Other types of buildings are also built from them. Due to the relative lightness of the material, you can easily build a house on your own in the shortest period of time. A cinder block house is warm and comfortable.

Construction Benefits

A cinder block is essentially a concrete block. As a filler, slag is used for it, which determines the basic properties of the material. Slag is a vitreous mass. It consists of the smallest particles of waste rock, which is mixed with flux. This substance removes impurities that form during the melting of the metal.

What are the advantages of buildings built from such material?

1. First of all is the cost. This type of block material is inexpensive. In addition, it is generally possible to make it yourself.
2. Minor weight. This allows you not to focus on the strength of the foundation, and saves on construction.
3. High strength. Blocks are made on the basis of cement, slag, sand and sawdust. As a result, the material is durable. After its surface is plastered, it will be no different from silicate brick.
4. Fire resistant. There are simply no components left in its composition that could catch fire. Under the influence of high temperatures, they can melt, but not catch fire.
5. The building is not afraid of insects and small rodents. Therefore, residents may not be afraid of such a neighborhood. But it is worth noting that such non-love is caused by the fact that some components carry a certain harmfulness.
6. Technological simplicity. You can build a house from cinder block yourself even with a complete lack of experience in construction.

If we talk about insulating properties, then the prospects look rather sad. The cinder block has a porous structure that absorbs moisture. This leads to freezing of the walls in the winter season. Therefore, a building that is not insulated will serve as a poor protection for you from cold and frost.

Construction Disadvantages

Knowing all the shortcomings of the building material, you can more accurately understand whether this material meets your needs. Unfortunately, the cinder block also has them.

• High level of thermal conductivity. The house requires mandatory insulation. If you do not fulfill this condition, then the fuel costs will shock you.
• An increased degree of hygroscopicity, that is, the material is too porous. This means that the walls will catastrophically absorb any moisture. This will lead to dampness and cold indoors in winter. To avoid this, you will need an exterior plaster and a wall waterproofing agent. The latter must be used even when the facade of the building will be insulated from the outside using wet technology.
• Low level of environmental friendliness. Of course, manufacturing companies convince that this building material does not contain anything bad. However, no one can guarantee you that radioactive slag was not used in its production.

The list can go on for a very long time. You can add some nuances that make the process more complicated. But in reality, all this is not important if the builder is armed in advance with modern and reliable high-quality tools.

Construction features

The technology of erecting buildings from cinder block material is practically no different from building, for example, from brick. In the same way, the foundation is made, walls are erected, a roof is put up and communications are laid. Differences are noticeable only at certain stages.

• Protection of the foundation from water. Due to the fact that this type of building material is hygroscopic, it simply needs to be protected from moisture, which will come from everywhere, including the foundation. Therefore, the waterproofing work of the foundation must be carried out with special care.
• Masonry. The cinder block is laid in almost the same way as a brick. The method of bandaging the blocks is the same and has not changed for many years. The difference lies in the fact that the cinder block has voids. They are used depending on what the goal is. If the house is low, then the voids are simply filled with cement. This allows you to achieve additional strengthening of the structure. If the building will have several floors, then a reinforcement frame is inserted into the cavity. This allows the material to withstand the load coming from the upper floors.
• A cinder block house cannot do without an armored belt. Of course, I use it in the construction of all buildings from blocks. It is designed to distribute the load that comes from the floor slabs to all walls. If the house is being built from cinder block, then the armored belt is especially important. It is even made a little larger than usual.

Start of construction

Before starting the construction process, you need to decide on the size of the budget. There should be enough money to purchase ready-made material or components for its subsequent manufacture. In addition, the construction process will also require funds from you, as well as the repair process.

So, if you get everything you need to build a foundation, and build walls on it, and there is not enough money to continue building, then all the work will go down the drain. After all, we already wrote earlier that the cinder block absorbs moisture, which means that it will quickly become unusable, and everything will eventually have to be redone. If you cannot make all the calculations yourself, then contact a construction company that specializes in planned development and calculates the amount of material needed with an estimate.

Also, you must put in order all the documentation proving your right to property and so on.

Building a foundation

When the documentation is put in order, and all materials are purchased, you can take on digging a foundation pit. To build the latter, you will need cement, reinforced concrete foundation blocks, crushed stone, gravel and sand. If you are planning to create a basement or want to build a garage under the house, then the foundation pit should be larger and deeper than usual.

The foundation itself, as a rule, has a tape structure. Especially when it comes to low-rise buildings. The quality of the soil on which the house is being built also affects how the foundation will look. Its height should have a height of at least 70 centimeters above ground level. This will protect the blocks from possible wetting.

When the foundation is ready, it must stand for at least one month. But laying the plinth is an exception. Its layer should be at least five rows if the building is built from concrete blocks. The lower part of the basement must be completely isolated from the surface of the foundation itself. The upper part of the plinth is covered with a layer of waterproofing.

Wall and roof construction

When the foundation is settled, you can start laying the walls of the house. To do this, you need to prepare the cinder block itself and, of course, the solution. It is prepared from cement and plasticizer. The latter will not allow the cement to harden very quickly. Therefore, it can be mixed in large quantities. So, for the process of building walls, the following tools will come in handy.

• Hacksaw. You will need it for sawing blocks to give them the desired size.
• Respirator. When sawing, a lot of dust is generated.
• Building level.
• Hydraulic level.
• A hammer.
• Trowel.
• Plumb.
• Order.

Construction stages

As with building a brick house, you need to carefully align all the corners. The result should be a perfect rectangle shape. Then four cinder blocks are placed on the surface of the foundation. They are leveled with a building level and a stretched cord. After that, a layer of cement mortar is applied to the surface. It is on him that the first row of cinder blocks is exposed. If necessary, to give the solution a viscosity, ordinary ash is added to it. If there is red clay, then it will do the same.

The blocks are very easy to install. There are very few differences from brickwork. The solution is applied with a trowel. The stone is placed at an angle to the surface, turned so that it is parallel to the surface of the wall, and pressed firmly against the stone that was laid earlier. In this case, you need to lightly tap with a hammer on the concrete block. Excess residues of the solution are removed with a paint trowel.

The very first rows must be laid out as accurately as possible. When erecting them, you need to check how even the surface is with the help of a building level and a plumb line. The more often you conduct such a check, the faster the work will go. In addition, you do not have to correct the mistakes made.

Laying methods

Laying walls made of cinder block material is possible in several ways.

1) In two stone blocks.

2) One and a half blocks.

3) In one cinder block.

4) Half a stone.

The solution must be laid with a thickness of no more than one and a half centimeters. If the layer is thicker, then the thermal insulation properties of the finished structure may decrease. To increase these properties, voids within blocks are best left unfilled. The solution is laid only at the joints of the blocks and where it is needed. When the wall is ready, the voids in it are covered with very fine slag, which is then carefully compacted.

In any case, the construction process is much faster than if you used ordinary brick. This is due to the size of the material and ease of use. So, the brick is smaller, so it will need twice as much. Therefore, more movements will have to be performed. Yes, and the same cement will go a lot. This means that the cinder block saves money. When the process of building walls is completed, you need to take on their hydro and thermal insulation. This is necessary so that moisture does not get on the surface of the material. This is especially important to do before you mount the roof.

When the walls are completely insulated from the effects of weather conditions, the roof frame is installed. It is designed after all the work related to the box of the building is completed. So that condensation does not form between the ceiling and the roof of the house, moisture does not collect, steam and waterproofing materials should be laid between them.
When the installation of the roof is fully completed, it is necessary to perform a vapor barrier on the ceiling. It, like the entire roof, must be insulated inside with basalt or mineral wool.

Video. We build a house from cinder block

Video. Cinder block its pros and cons