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The history of the creation of a coffee maker. Automatic coffee machines What does a geyser coffee maker look like?

Coffee maker- a device for making coffee without the need to boil water in a separate container.

Coffee maker filter

A coffee maker that extracts ground coffee beans through a filter using a free flow of hot water. Although there are different types of coffee makers using different principles, the most common type is one in which the ground beans are placed on a paper or metal filter inside a funnel that sits over a glass or ceramic container to hold the finished coffee. Cold water, poured into a special container, is heated to a boil and sent into a funnel. This method is called drip.

Brewing through a metal filter is called the “Indian method.”

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An excerpt characterizing the Coffee Maker

Everything that was done during this time around her and with her, all this attention paid to her by so many smart people and expressed in such pleasant, sophisticated forms, and the dovelike purity in which she was now (she wore white dresses with white ribbons) - all this gave her pleasure; but because of this pleasure she did not miss her goal for a minute. And as it always happens that in the matter of cunning a stupid person deceives smarter ones, she, realizing that the purpose of all these words and troubles was mainly to convert her to Catholicism, to take money from her in favor of Jesuit institutions (about which she made hints), Helen, before giving money, insisted that those various operations be performed on her that would free her from her husband. In her concepts, the meaning of any religion consisted only in observing certain decency while satisfying human desires. And for this purpose, in one of her conversations with her confessor, she urgently demanded from him an answer to the question of the extent to which her marriage binds her.
They were sitting in the living room by the window. It was twilight. The smell of flowers came from the window. Helen was wearing a white dress that was see-through on her shoulders and chest. The abbot, well-fed, and with a plump, smoothly shaved beard, a pleasant strong mouth and white hands folded meekly on his knees, sat close to Helen and with a thin smile on his lips, peacefully - with a gaze admiring her beauty, he occasionally looked at her face and expressed his gaze to the question that was on their mind. Helen smiled restlessly, looked at his curly hair, his smoothly shaved, black, full cheeks, and waited every minute for a new turn in the conversation. But the abbot, although apparently enjoying the beauty and intimacy of his interlocutor, was carried away by the skill of his craft.
The line of reasoning of the leader of conscience was as follows. In ignorance of the significance of what you were doing, you took a vow of marital fidelity to a man who, on his part, by entering into marriage and not believing in the religious significance of marriage, committed blasphemy. This marriage did not have the double meaning that it should have. But despite this, your vow bound you. You stepped away from him. What did you accomplish with this? Peche veniel or peche mortel? [A venial sin or a mortal sin?] Peche veniel, because you committed the act without bad intent. If you now, with the goal of having children, entered into a new marriage, then your sin could be forgiven. But the question again splits into two: first...
“But I think,” said the suddenly bored Helen with her charming smile, “that I, having entered the true religion, cannot be bound by what the false religion has imposed on me.”
The Directeur de conscience [Guardian of Conscience] was amazed at this Columbus egg placed before him with such simplicity. He was delighted with the unexpected speed of his student’s success, but could not abandon the edifice of arguments he had built with mental labor.
“Entendons nous, comtesse, [Let’s look into the matter, Countess," he said with a smile and began to refute the reasoning of his spiritual daughter.

Helen understood that the matter was very simple and easy from a spiritual point of view, but that her leaders made difficulties only because they feared how the secular authorities would look at this matter.
And as a result, Helen decided that it was necessary to prepare this matter in society. She aroused the jealousy of the old nobleman and told him the same thing as the first seeker, that is, she posed the question in such a way that the only means of obtaining rights to her was to marry her. The old important personage was at first just as amazed by this proposal to marry from a living husband as was the first young person; but Helen’s unshakable confidence that it was as simple and natural as a girl getting married had an effect on him too. If even the slightest signs of hesitation, shame or secrecy had been noticeable in Helen herself, then her case would undoubtedly have been lost; but not only were these signs of secrecy and shame absent, but, on the contrary, she, with simplicity and good-natured naivety, told her close friends (and this was all of Petersburg) that both the prince and the nobleman had proposed to her and that she loved both and was afraid of upsetting him and another.

Coffee maker is a culinary device that is used in the process of preparing a drink such as coffee. There are several main types of coffee makers, which differ not only in appearance, but also in their operating mechanism, and also in functionality.

Among the main types of coffee makers are the following:

  • pod coffee maker;
  • A drip coffee maker differs from other types in that during operation no pressure is created in the device, the water flows slowly and literally seeps through the coffee drop by drop;
  • A geyser coffee maker is a device that consists of three main parts: a water container at the base of the device, a filter, which is located in the middle and into which ground coffee is placed, as well as an upper container into which ready-made coffee is supplied under pressure resulting from temperature exposure. to drinking coffee;
  • A capsule coffee maker is a device that uses capsules with ground coffee;
  • an espresso coffee maker is designed specifically for preparing this type of drink such as cappuccino, as well as classic espresso;
  • carob coffee maker.

Initially, people used a device such as a Turk or cezve to brew coffee. However, scientific and technological progress has made its own adjustments in the process of preparing the famous and beloved coffee. An electric coffee maker is much more convenient to use than a cezve or Turkish coffee maker. This device does all the work for a person; you just need to pour coffee into the machine and start the process of preparing the drink.

This or that type of coffee maker varies depending on the set of functions that the device has. For example, some of the most expensive types of coffee makers include specialized coffee machines that not only prepare classic espresso, but also grind the coffee beans themselves. Modern coffee machines can prepare various types of drinks, such as cappuccino, latte, mochaccino and others.

This advantage allows the use of coffee machines in restaurants, bars, and coffee shops. A household coffee maker differs from a specialized one in size, as well as in its coffee making capabilities. Typically, a standard household coffee maker is not equipped with a design for grinding coffee beans. For this reason, the required amount of already ground or instant coffee is poured into the coffee maker.

In addition, the coffee maker is equipped with a water tank. During operation, coffee is passed through the filter of the coffee maker using a free supply of water. Typically, pre-ground coffee is inside a paper or metal filter, which is located inside a special funnel. This funnel is placed above a ceramic or glass container with water.

The operating principle of a household coffee maker is simple and consists of several stages. Initially, cold water is heated to a boil in a special container, and then, thanks to the structure of the coffee maker, it goes into a funnel. Experts say that coffee prepared using a metal filter can cause significant damage to the human body. A paper filter removes impurities and heavy compounds from coffee.

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2018-01-23T11:23:25+00:00

For many centuries and even millennia, coffee has been and remains one of the most popular drinks in the world. Coffee was brewed in exquisite French coffee pots, Turkish cezves and even in simple ladles. The preparation process remained unchanged - the drink was prepared over fire or hot sand.

The history of the coffee maker, like many inventions, began a long time ago. The Turks are known to have been brewing coffee as early as 575 AD. e., and the history of the coffee maker really begins there. Much of the history of the coffee maker was lost before this century, so no one knows much about the history of the coffee maker from the time of the Turks until 1818, when the first coffee percolator was created.

The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century gave us the invention of the steam engine. At this moment, the idea of ​​​​creating a coffee machine that prepared coffee using steam pressure was born.

In 1843, the Frenchman Edward Loisel de Santé assembled a unique steam coffee maker, or “Loisel's hydrostatic vase,” as it came to be called in honor of the inventor. The coffee machine was presented in 1855 at an exhibition in Paris. The invention was a huge success.

The “Loisel hydrostatic vase” could brew up to two thousand cups of coffee per hour. However, the coffee machine turned out to have a lot of technical shortcomings. The coffee was burned out, and the pressure of the steam boiler turned out to be only 1.5–2 atmospheres. Increasing the pressure was fraught with an explosion of the apparatus itself.

Half a century later, in 1901, Milanese Luigi Bezzera registered a patent for the first improved steam coffee machine. Luigi wanted to cut
coffee brewing time so that his employees do not spend so much time on coffee breaks.

The coffee machine was called Tipo Gigante and was more compact and practical. And the operation of the device was based on the combined use of water and steam. Pressure in the coffee machine was created using a directed jet of steam.

Such concepts as holder and group appeared - now each cup of espresso was prepared using a strictly measured portion of coffee. The process of preparing coffee took a matter of seconds, and the drink itself was strong, rich and aromatic.

Luigi Bezzera introduced another innovation into the new espresso culture: from now on, the steam in the coffee machine was used not only for brewing espresso, but also for frothing milk. This was a real breakthrough.

Luigi was not given the chance to become a great businessman and over time he sold the license for the invention to Tipo Gigante for a nominal fee.

However, the right to produce coffee machines did not extend beyond Italy, since the license was bought by the successful Italian industrialist Desidero Pavoni. In 1905, Parvoni founded the company La Pavoni SPA and released the first steam coffee machine, Pavoni Ideale, intended for commercial use.

Pavoni Ideale is an improved Bezzer apparatus, which has a piston pump, as well as a special valve for releasing steam and pouring hot water.

Desidero Pavoni is considered the discoverer of the “correct” espresso - through long experiments he was able to discover that the best coffee is obtained at a temperature of 86−92 °C and a pressure of 9 bar.

Espresso technology flourished in the first half of the 20th century. It was during this period that most of the world famous companies producing coffee equipment appeared. In 1927, Italian Roberto Rancilio hand-assembles a stylish coffee machine for bars and cafes. Based on the operating principle, the model La Regina was not very different from its predecessor, but had an elegant design in the Belle Epoque style, which was fashionable in restaurateur circles at that time. In 1935, a coffee machine with automatic water dispensing appeared. The designer of the Illetta model was Francesco Illi. Thanks to the improvement, a standard dosage for Italian espresso appears, which has remained unchanged for many decades: 7 g of ground coffee per 40 ml of water. The Illetta model had another important feature - the pressure of water passing through the ground coffee was created by compressed air, and not by steam.

All espresso machines of the first half of the 20th century were not suitable for home use and were expensive. The owner of a luxury establishment could afford such a device. And the absence of women among baristas at that time was due to the presence of good physical training - after all, a pressure of 9 bar was created due to the muscular strength of the barista who held the lever.

The times of World War II had a sharp impact on the development of the entire industry.
industry, including the espresso industry. Fortunately for coffee lovers, in 1945 Achil Gadzhia designed another new product - a coffee machine to which we will say “Thank you” for the lush golden foam on well-brewed espresso. The device had a “spring-loaded lever” mechanism.

Progress is constantly moving forward and lever coffee machines have been replaced by semi-automatic and automatic coffee machines. And now the pressure in the coffee machine is created by the operation of an electric pump. The Italian company Feama became the founder of the first coffee machine, which is equipped with an electric pump. The coffee machine was released in 1961 and since then the design of the classic carob coffee machine has remained virtually unchanged. Coffee equipment manufacturers continue to develop technology to improve the taste of espresso.

New models of traditional coffee machines are distinguished by modern design and technological features, such as an automatic cappuccino maker, espresso quality control or a coffee tablet pre-wetting function.

Will any of the new models be immortalized in coffee maker history? Time will show. Of course, there is always room for innovation and invention. And we will enjoy the taste and aroma of your favorite coffee drink and closely monitor the progress of the history of the development of coffee machines.

For centuries and even millennia, coffee has been one of the most popular drinks in the world. No matter how they brewed it: in exquisite French coffee pots, Turkish cezves, and even in simple ladles! But despite the existence of many coffee recipes and methods of preparing coffee, the essence of the process remained the same - the drink was manually brewed over fire or hot sand. In the history of coffee, as well as in the history of all mankind, the 19th century turned out to be a turning point - the era of the heyday of technological progress or, as it is also called, the industrial revolution. The invention of the steam engine gave a serious impetus to the development of invention in general - people sought to somehow use this new product absolutely everywhere. It was then that the idea of ​​​​creating a coffee machine that would prepare coffee using steam pressure was born. The first machine in which coffee was prepared using steam pressure was invented by the Frenchman Edward Loisel de Santé. In 1843, Loisel assembled a unique steam coffee maker, or “Loisel's hydrostatic vase,” as it came to be called in honor of the inventor. The machine debuted at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, where it created a huge sensation: according to eyewitnesses, it brewed about two thousand cups of coffee per hour. However, the bulky and inconvenient device had a lot of technical shortcomings - the coffee was burned in it, and the pressure of the steam boiler was too low (1.5-2 atmospheres). It turned out to be impossible to increase the pressure without changing the entire design: the device was extremely explosive. More than half a century passed before a new type of coffee machine appeared, in which steam under pressure was supplied to ground coffee. The idea of ​​​​creating such a machine was born in Italy, and the Italians struggled to bring it to life for decades. And finally, in 1901, Milanese Luigi Bezzera registered a patent for the first improved steam coffee machine. It was much more compact and practical than all its predecessors. Bezzer's device, called Tipo Gigante, was fundamentally different from previous machines: its operation was based on the combined use of water and steam. Pressure in the coffee machine was created using a directed jet of steam. Such concepts as holder and group appeared - now each cup of espresso was prepared using a strictly measured portion of coffee. The process of preparing coffee took a matter of seconds, and the drink itself was strong, rich and aromatic. Luigi Bezzera introduced another innovation into the new espresso culture: from now on, the steam in the coffee machine was used not only for brewing espresso, but also for frothing milk. This was a real breakthrough. But, unfortunately, Bezzera turned out to be an unsuccessful businessman - he was unable to profit from his inventions, went completely bankrupt and was forced to sell the license for a nominal fee.
The right to produce coffee machines was bought by the successful Italian industrialist Desidero Pavoni, who was interested in the further development of coffee culture. In 1905, he founded the company La Pavoni SPA and produced the first steam coffee machine, Pavoni Ideale, intended for commercial use.
Desidero Pavoni improved the Bezzer apparatus, providing it with a piston pump, as well as a special valve for releasing steam and pouring hot water. By the way, it was Pavoni who is considered the discoverer of the “correct” espresso - through long experiments, he managed to discover that the best coffee is obtained at a temperature of 86-92 ºC and a pressure of 9 bar.
The first half of the 20th century was the era of the heyday of espresso preparation technology. Most of the world famous companies involved in the production of coffee equipment appeared in Italy during this period.
Coffee machine Rancilio La Regina
In 1927, the La Regina model appeared - a stylish coffee machine for bars and cafes, which was hand-assembled by the Italian Roberto Rancilio, the future founder of the world-famous Rancilio company. The operating principle of La Regina was no different from the coffee machines produced by La Pavoni, but its advantage was its elegant design in the Belle-Epoque style, which was appreciated by restaurateurs of that time.
In 1935, Francesco Illi developed the Illetta, the world's first automatic coffee machine. This is how the dosage standard for Italian espresso emerged, which has remained unchanged for many decades: 7 g of ground coffee per 40 ml of water. The Illetta machine had another significant difference from its predecessor coffee machines: the pressure of water passing through the ground coffee was created in it by compressed air, and not by steam. Although progress was evident, commercial espresso machines of the first half of the 20th century remained very bulky, expensive and difficult to operate. Only the richest establishment owners could afford such luxury. In addition, working with lever-type coffee machines required the barista not only skill, but also good physical training - after all, a pressure of 9 bar was created in them due to the muscular strength of the barista who held the lever. Naturally, in those days there were no women baristas. During the Second World War, the development of the espresso industry, as one might expect, stopped. But already in 1945, Achil Gadzhia designed another new product - a coffee machine equipped with a so-called “spring-loaded lever”. It was thanks to this invention that lush golden foam first appeared on the surface of the drink - the calling card of high-quality espresso. Later, lever coffee machines were replaced by semi-automatic and automatic coffee machines, the pressure in which was created by the operation of an electric pump. The first coffee machine equipped with an electric pump was released in 1961 by the Italian company Faema. Since then, the design of the classic carob coffee machine has remained essentially unchanged. The thing is that espresso has reached its perfection, and modern coffee machines fully meet all the requirements that restaurateurs, baristas and simply lovers of good coffee place on them. Despite this, coffee equipment manufacturers regularly release new products. New models of traditional coffee machines differ from older ones in their more modern design and the presence of some innovations, such as an automatic cappuccino maker, espresso quality control or a pre-wetting function for the coffee tablet.

Until the scientific and technological revolution broke out, coffee lovers prepared it for themselves in a way that was invented by the Arabs. Coffee was brewed in a metal container called a Turka. This dish could be heated quite quickly over a fire. Although the Turk is still used today, it is considered a stovetop coffee maker.

However, it took a lot of time to prepare a cup of coffee this way. But life became more dynamic and time, as always, was not enough. People were prompted to invent the first coffee maker in history by the urgent need to simplify the preparation of their favorite drink.

People who are keen on the evolution of technology are sure that the inventor of the first drip coffee maker (when boiling water passed drop by drop through a filter containing ground coffee) was Archbishop de Bellois from France (1800). The device was given the name “drip coffee maker”. After this, humanity was irresistibly drawn to improving this device.

19 years later, tinsmith Maurice managed to improve this design in his own way. Now it was possible to turn his double coffee maker over, which only made the coffee stronger. Following the drip coffee maker, the filtration coffee maker was invented. The appearance of the first geyser coffee maker in history was noted in 1827. In connection with its use, an amazing result was obtained after repeatedly passing hot water or steam through ground coffee.

After 1840, the geyser coffee maker was replaced by a vacuum coffee maker, which was not widely used at that time. The appearance of the first compression-type coffee maker was noted in 1855. In this device, steam was passed under high pressure through a layer of coffee mass.

The Italian Luigi Bezzera managed to patent a coffee machine in 1901, in which bars began to prepare espresso coffee. An espresso machine with a piston was designed by Achille Gaggia in 1945. The high pressure generated during operation of the device contributed to the formation of a thick layer of foam.

It goes without saying that the first coffee makers had more disadvantages than advantages. The very first disadvantage is that the drink prepared in a coffee maker could not retain the aroma and taste of the coffee beans of the type that was used. The second disadvantage of coffee makers was their explosiveness. It was problematic to choose the optimal amount of coffee to use, the preparation time of the drink, the steam pressure and its heating temperature. Only through experiments was it possible to establish that the ideal temperature for preparing a cup of espresso is 86-93 degrees, and the pressure should not drop below 9 atmospheres.

The capabilities of modern machines are enormous. They can not only prepare espresso coffee, but also use it to prepare a variety of cocktails and froth milk for cappuccino. Naturally, making coffee with such a variety of coffee makers has become much easier.

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