House with an attic inside. Attic layout from a to z

The abundance of ceiling beams, the sloping vault and the floor-to-ceiling windows give the attic rooms a visual spaciousness. Attic spaces in small country houses are used as additional storage spaces: dressing rooms, pantries, rooms for seasonal sports equipment.

Styling of the attic floor

The design of the attic room depends on the tastes of the owners, the total area and materials of the house, the available budget.

Installation of washing machines and dryers, massive steam generators in the attic saves space on the ground floor, allows you to choose more massive and functional equipment.

The owners of spacious houses arrange libraries, children's rooms, billiard rooms, second living rooms in the attic. Such premises are combined with the "second world" architectural solution, which combines common rooms on several floors into a single space.

The design of the attic involves an emphasis on the structural elements of the building:

beams;
window openings;
ceilings.

Roof. Finishing with metal tiles, soft slate or roofing felt creates the appearance of a building in a classic style, combined with natural or artificial stone cladding, facade panels. The owners of houses in the style of constructivism and minimalism prefer flat roofs covered with metal tiles.
A chimney completes the look of the home, allowing owners to install a working fireplace or stove for cooking. Usually pipes are masked behind one of the roof slopes, the owners of chalet-style houses place it in the center of the roof.
Window openings. The shape and size of the windows depend on the climate zone, the architectural solution and the functions of the attic. For example, small attic storage spaces are equipped with round "dormer windows". The owners of spacious bathrooms and children's rooms in the attic prefer high rectangular or Venetian windows. If the attic is used to relax and spend time together with the owners and guests of the house, panoramic glazing is used.
Balconies and terraces. Windows in small attics located above garages and utility blocks are decorated with bars, a small ledge allows you to design a "French balcony" for plants in pots and pallets. Spacious attics provide terraces, balconies and glazed loggias.

Inside: upper half of the room

The location of the attic space depends on the layout of the building, its functions and the total area. For example, side attics for storage are located above living rooms, kitchens and boiler rooms. Such an attic involves small windows, full-fledged doorways, insulated walls. The style of the interior consists of the design:

Window openings. Most attics are decorated with dormers - sloping openings in the height of the wall, which are smoothly plastered, complemented by Roman blinds. Gable ceilings exclude the installation of cornices and curtains, so the window serves as the main source of light. Asymmetric roofs with high slopes allow you to install windows without tilting. In this case, it is allowed to install cornices, curtains, design bay windows with windows.

Ceiling finish. Depending on the materials of construction, roof beams can be wooden, concrete, metal. Aesthetic elements made of natural wood make up the accent of the interior, such ceilings are painted with stains and varnishes in contrasting shades, the rest of the interior is formed around them. The owners of houses built from concrete and cinder blocks, using monolithic technology, suggest masking the floor elements.

Classic attic - a room under a gable roof with decorative wooden beams, window openings are joined to the ceiling and finished with textured plaster. The hue and style of loft decor builds around these elements.

Inside: lower half

The walls and floor in the attic are finished depending on the level of illumination of the room, the chosen interior style and the method of finishing window openings. For example, rounded Venetian windows in wide wooden frames are combined with light-colored stucco, parquet and darker-colored laminate.

Wall decoration. Attic rooms have a high level of natural light, so textured wallpaper in contrasting shades, MDF panels and natural wood are used to decorate the walls. Damask wallpaper, frescoes, imitation brickwork, plaster moldings and carved wooden elements are suitable for decorating a spacious room. Exactly plastered walls create a minimalist interior of laundries, bathrooms, pantries, dressing rooms.

Floor finishing. You can increase the sound insulation and insulate the room with the help of natural materials: parquet, laminate, engineered board. Such decoration in light shades visually expands the room. The use of cork floors, linoleum, ceramic tiles increases the strength of the coating, it is used for utility rooms.

The attic room can be used all year round, but care must be taken to install a heating system. Owners of suburban housing in harsh climatic zones prefer to leave the floor unheated.

Owners of modest houses use attics for seasonal living, and no heating system is installed. Apply frost-resistant finishing materials (tiles, panels, plaster).

Utility rooms

Laundries, smokehouses, pantries, carpentry workshops in the attic are distinguished by small windows, an abundance of built-in wardrobes and tables for storage. Finishing such a room involves the installation of additional sockets, the arrangement of a small workplace.

The design of furniture for utility rooms is most often built-in, cabinets and shelves are used to the height of the ceiling, baskets and containers with tools are placed in open spaces. Such attics are decorated with a separate door, the entrance is masked behind a flight of stairs.

Dressing room and storage space for seasonal items

Miniature attics and rooms with small roof slopes are used to create built-in storage systems for clothes, sports equipment, and Christmas tree decorations. Finishing the room involves the installation of LED lamps, modular boxes and transformer shelves.

Attic-cloakrooms are placed in the center of the second floor, sometimes the owners equip a nursery or guest bedroom nearby. The interior of such a room is made neutral, the convenience of finding the right things, compactness and strength are important.

Modular storage systems with drawers and sliding shelves are located on both sides of the entrance. The central wall is occupied by a large mirror mounted on the front of the built-in wardrobe. This solution is suitable for large families permanently residing in a country house for several generations.

Bathroom or sauna

Insulated houses for permanent residence have spacious bathrooms, saunas, hydromassage installations. The room on the top floor is suitable for a guest bath, creating a small relaxation area.

The room is finished with ceramic tiles, moisture resistant panels or wood treated with non-toxic varnishes. Double-glazed windows, cornices and thick curtains made of materials with the function of protection from direct sunlight are installed on the windows.

The floors are finished with an engineered board, laminate or linoleum, resistant to temperature changes. If the attic is given over to the sauna, the flooring can be made of refractory bricks, ceramic tiles, epoxy linoleum.

The choice of interior design style depends on the materials chosen. For example, soft wood (birch, alder) has a honey hue and, in addition to floral ornaments, creates an interior in retro, Provence styles. Lighter materials and dense woods (oak, maple, acacia) create an English-style room, point sources of lighting should be installed.

Guest or master bedroom

Placing a zone for daily rest in the attic room saves space on the ground floor. This solution is used by the owners of miniature houses with a combined kitchen-living room:

Sleeping place. The bed is traditionally placed opposite the window, in the center of the room. It should be convenient for each of the inhabitants to get to their place. Bedside tables or chests of drawers are placed on both sides, nightlights are fixed above the headboard.

Storage space. High ceilings in the attics allow you to build in wardrobes, install rails for storing clothes, and arrange chests of drawers along the walls.

The interior is decorated in bright colors, they strive to make the lighting pointy, divide it into zones. For example, several nightlights, LED lamps and floor lamps allow you to adapt the level of illumination to the season, day, and tastes of the owners.

Children's room

The nursery in the attic requires the installation of a heating system. Choose large windows for better illumination of the room. The interior style for children is chosen in bright colors, materials are used natural, resistant to pollution. For example, wall decoration with gypsum plaster is convenient for regular repairs, hypoallergenic for kids. The furnishing of the room consists of a working area, a place for rest and storage areas.

Work zone. Depending on the age of the baby, the space may be limited to a playpen or a desk with a computer. This zone is recommended to be located next to the window, the light should fall from the left side. If a schoolchild lives in the nursery, it is advisable to install a modular transforming table that will adapt to the rapid growth of the child.
Place for rest. Depending on the size of the attic, the sleeping place can be a folding sofa, an armchair or a full bed. Sizes are chosen for growth so that the baby feels comfortable indoors as they grow up. Such furniture is placed opposite the entrance to the room, additional lighting is installed around.
Storage space. The abundance of built-in wardrobes, shelves and baskets will teach the baby to orderly storage of things, free up space for relaxation, games and receiving guests. Modular systems installed in the room allow you to compactly place toys, clothes, books and equipment for a growing baby.

Owners of multi-storey buildings can arrange several rooms in the attic:

library;
billiard room;
cabinet.

Multi-storey houses with an attic

The layout of such houses is less compact, they are designed for several generations of the same family, frequent reception of guests, and the location of several functional premises. The attic in such a house is used as several full-fledged rooms.

A feature of the interior of the attic is the abundance of natural light, which allows the use of dark furniture, wall decoration with natural wood panels, an abundance of metal accessories.

The interior is finished in contrasting art deco styles, classic French, English, colonial. If the roof slopes form high ceilings, the Empire style, palace interior, eclecticism look appropriate. The rules for arranging furniture and lighting depend on the purpose of the room.

The feature of the interior is the abundance of natural light

Living room (the only one in the house or the second one)

The first floor of country buildings is traditionally occupied by utility rooms and a kitchen-living room designed for receiving guests. The second floor consists of several bedrooms and bathrooms, so the attic is used as an additional room for family members to relax.

Owners of houses with several floors with a compact layout create a rest room or living room in the entire width of the attic space. This saves space on the first floor, the premises are isolated from common utility areas. The interior of the room is built around the main pieces of furniture.

Places for rest. Sofas, armchairs, couches and pouffes are recommended to be placed in the center of the living room, around to install additional lighting items (floor lamps, chandeliers, sconces). Upholstery made of light artificial or natural leather will extend the life of the furniture, it is combined with most styles. The choice of bright contrasting shades requires wall decoration in light, plain colors.
Storage spaces. Tables and chests of drawers in the living room are located next to the sofas so that guests can use them comfortably. Cupboards, cabinets and showcases are installed along the walls to visually expand the space.
Decor. Depending on the style of the interior, the center of the living room in the attic can be an original chandelier, a fireplace (acting or installation), a coffee table, a bar counter.

Residents of suburban buildings with three and four floors often arrange rooms for a narrower purpose in the attic.

billiard room

A lounge with a massive table covered with green cloth is suitable for a country house in classic, English or retro styles. Such attics are finished with oak panels, windows are decorated with blackout curtains, lighting is limited to small lamps with fabric lampshades. The upper part of the walls and the ceiling are complemented by textured plaster, stucco, wallpaper made of dense natural or artificial fabrics.

The size of the billiard table is determined by the area of the room, most often the piece of furniture is placed in the center, and the rest of the zones are along the walls. A chandelier is placed above the table.
The recreation area in the billiard room includes a row of chairs, tables, sometimes the room is decorated with a fireplace or a bar counter. Upholstered furniture is placed next to the windows, in the corners of the room.
Zoning of the billiard room is carried out with the help of screens, bookshelves, lamps on long suspensions, placement of furniture in groups. For example, several sofas are placed around a coffee table.

Furniture is chosen from natural wood, accessories - from metal of warm colors (bronze, brass). The traditional idea of a billiard room is an English-style room, complemented by massive decor, textured materials, and natural wood. A common option is to combine a billiard room with a video game room, while a large TV is installed in the room.

Library

A more versatile version of a recreation room combined with education is a library in the attic. High vaulted ceilings and slanted windows create a traditional gloomy space with floor-to-ceiling shelving. A more modern version of the Scandinavian-style library includes white stucco, light wood furniture, and textiles in contrasting shades.

Bookshelves. The central element of the library is recommended to be placed along the walls, the width of the shelves should allow you to fit two volumes in a row. The glazed version makes cleaning easier and looks more respectable. The center of the room is suitable for the installation of low tables and bedside tables in which magazines and newspapers are placed.
Reading place. A desktop and a reading chair are placed opposite the window; in large houses, several such zones are installed. It is recommended to use lightweight modular structures that can be easily moved around the room.
Rest zone. The free space of the library is used for the installation of upholstered furniture, floor lamps, voluminous chandeliers and lamps. Massive vases, figurines, candelabra, indoor fountains look appropriate in rooms decorated in retro, empire, American classic styles.

The owners of the houses equip the library for the professional needs of one of the family members, transform it into an office or a common living room.

Cabinet

A workplace on the territory of a country house is necessary with a free schedule, remote work, irregular hours. The location of the office in the attic allows you to retire, work in natural light most of the day, comfortably store massive equipment near the workplace. The atmosphere of the room is based on the basic principles:

1 Convenience. The choice of furniture, equipment, amount of lighting reflects the features of the owner's work. For example, architects and seamstresses require massive tables with spacious tops to accommodate drawings, fabrics, materials. Engravers work with abundant local lighting.

2 Mobility. Items in the office should be easy to move. For example, tables on wheels, light shelves, collapsible chests of drawers and cabinets with pull-out baskets make it easy to store equipment and materials.

3 Neutrality. The situation in the office should not distract from work tasks, so it is recommended to moderately use bright decor, contrasting wallpapers and dark colors. It is better to choose a material for curtains that is light, freely transmitting light.

Most of the day is spent in the office, so the furniture should be comfortable for long-term use, finishing materials should be natural, non-toxic.

Gym

Miniature attics with a small number of windows are suitable for creating a gym.

Strength training room. Such a room is equipped with an additional ventilation system, bright lighting is installed, the walls are decorated with posters, finished with textured wallpaper, complemented by TVs and a stereo system.
Relaxation area. In the interior it is recommended to use green, blue shades, focus on natural colors and natural materials. The hall for yoga, Pilates or meditation is complemented by large windows, curtains in neutral shades.
Cardiozone. The interior of such attics includes a space for relaxation, sometimes a refrigerator is installed for ice and fresh fruit. Classes on cardio machines are long, a comfortable environment is needed.

The gym in the attic involves the storage of equipment, classes at different times of the day. It is necessary to ensure a comfortable temperature, it is recommended to provide the room with climate control and additional sound insulation.

Advantages of attic rooms

Most owners of multi-storey buildings and one-story buildings with an attic tend to use the room as a full-fledged room. The interior of the attic space depends on the interior of the whole house. Most often, the decoration is performed in neutral colors, using natural materials:

Saving space on the first floor. Regardless of the purpose, the room under the roof is located in the private area of the house, has a relatively large footage and allows you to place seasonal items and equip guests. The areas of the first floor are freed up for recreation areas, additional bedrooms, and the installation of more massive and comfortable furniture. For example, moving the storage area to the attic frees up space on the ground floor for a garage.
The isolation of the room. Depending on the chosen layout, the entrance to the attic can be located inconspicuously, without attracting the attention of guests. If the attic space is used as a study, its location allows you to focus on work tasks. Sometimes the attic is provided with a separate entrance via an external staircase, creating a completely separate area in the common house.

Plenty of natural light. Large windows, located at an angle to the rest of the walls, allow you to do without additional lamps and chandeliers, decorate the interior in dark shades. For example, billiard rooms and libraries in the attic are decorated with dark panels made of natural wood, giving them a rich color.

Despite a number of advantages, the attic is not suitable for every country house, it requires additional costs.

Flaws

Seasonal homeowners and residents of spacious buildings do not regularly use roofed spaces, some prefer to turn them into an unheated pantry.

Relatively high heating costs. Depending on the materials of the house, the area of the attic and the climate zone, the cost of heating it can be very significant. For example, a room with panoramic windows in central Russia needs to install additional heaters. If the attic is used as a bedroom or children's room, the costs will be regular.
The need to install and assemble furniture to order. Most homes are built with steep pitched roofs, so the cabinets and shelves have unusual configurations. Delivery and installation of furniture on the upper floor requires additional costs, it is better to choose the furniture as a team.

Attic superstructure projects in private homes are at the peak of popularity today. Attic superstructures are distinguished by rationality and economy, while the schemes of most structures are interesting and uncomplicated for skilled hands.

Pros and cons

The main advantage of the attic is that the room is organized in the attic - with proper arrangement, this part will be convenient for useful use due to the increased amount of light and heat. It is more cost-effective to equip an attic than an additional floor. In addition to spending, construction time is also reduced. The construction of an attic superstructure can be started while already living in the house. Due to the superstructure, the heat loss of houses is reduced.

In addition to the positive aspects, the arrangement of the attic has negative sides. For example, the choice of materials for insulation and waterproofing will greatly affect the cost of attic construction. The need to equip special skylights of atypical shape and size will also significantly increase the cost of construction. The attic requires the mandatory arrangement of a ventilation system, while such equipment must be present in every room on this floor.

Attics are limited in layout due to inclined wall structures, there is a need for arranging a complex roof, and if the insulation is not correct in the heat, the rooms become very hot, turning into a refrigerator in winter.

In addition, recently psychologists do not recommend the arrangement of the attic. Due to low sloping ceilings there will be a sense of danger, and in fact for a long time it is harmful to the mental state.

For the right choice of options, experts advise to “try on” at least some of them for yourself. Stay in buildings with different attic add-ons, listen to yourself and your feelings, choose the appropriate option and implement it in your own project.

Attic device

The rules imply the design of an attic superstructure at the stage of planning a house, since the arrangement of the attic largely depends on the roof option chosen. In some cases, designing a superstructure is also possible in a finished house. The project should allow convenient use of the created space.

An attic type superstructure can be of any geometry: broken, triangular, symmetrical or asymmetric. Depending on the geometry, layout options are also thought out.

Roof structures

Shed

The height of such a superstructure will not be large. It is important to think over the project of a shed attic. An inclined plane has a maximum and minimum height. With a successful design, the room will easily turn into a cozy living room. Other options for zoning space under a shed roof are also possible, but it should be borne in mind that most of the space under the roof will not be usable - it will be too low.

Gable attic

This option is also a simple configuration that includes two slopes connected by a ridge. The main advantage of this configuration is the absence of complex calculations. The main condition is the creation of a roof with a large angle of inclination.

The gable attic option is also popular due to its convenient practical operation - in winter, snow and ice do not accumulate on such a roof. The gable truss system is typical, so it is easiest to translate it into reality.

A broken configuration is a kind of attic with a gable design. Here, the height of the walls of the attic superstructure is higher - this is due to the broken line of the truss system. The space of the premises increases, while the option is good for both small and large houses.

However, calculations for arranging a broken truss structure are complex - experts use a large number of special formulas.

Single-level roofs with remote consoles are even more difficult to arrange, however, as a result of difficult work on the attic floor, a full-fledged apartment is obtained from several different rooms. In addition, the house acquires a feature in the form of an asymmetrical roof. On the one hand, the roof configuration rests on the vertical of the house, and on the other hand, on the ceiling slab. The roof is high. The project is hardly available for do-it-yourself implementation.

There is another less common version of a two-level attic. The project involves the placement of several attic rooms on two levels, as well as the arrangement of a balcony. The superstructure requires the creation of a complex truss structure. It, in turn, requires the correct calculation of the load on the vertical.

The project cannot be implemented in an already built house.

Window

Skylights are usually arranged on the slope of the roof. They are more affected by negative factors than conventional vertical window systems. The main task of skylights is to provide more access to light and heat. With the help of unusual window systems, designer lighting compositions are even specially created in the rooms. Window systems can be:

front end;
stained glass;
combined;
special, attic.

Attic window systems are considered full-fledged elements of the roof. Under the influence of weather conditions, ordinary window frames installed in the attic can quickly fail. Manufacturers take this factor into account and produce designs that are able to maintain sufficient tightness. They are distinguished by improved thermophysical parameters and increased rigidity. Typically, frames are made from special glued beams. It provides long-term operation of the window, the design is not afraid of temperature changes.

Recently, durable plastic roof windows have also appeared on the market. Aluminum frames are almost never used in the attics, but window frames are made from this material, coated with special paints. Special salaries allow you to combine window systems into groups. They can be horizontal, vertical or a combination.

Particular attention is paid to the strength of the glass, at the same time, this element should not be very heavy. Usually tempered glass is used. They are also supplied with an impact-resistant multi-layer coating.

Ways to open roof windows are very different:

swing;
combined;
rotary.

The choice of system usually depends on the preferences of the owner and the characteristics of the roof.

Depending on the characteristics of the roof, the possible slope of the window is determined. The distance between the rafters and the possible illuminated area are determined. It is believed that the smaller the slope of the roof, the longer you need to choose a window. The area of the window corresponds to the area of space, the ratio is 1: 10. The height of the window structure should be approximately 1.1-1.3 m from the floor.

In this case, the functional purpose of the attic should be taken into account. For a better visual combination, the roof window material must be combined with the roofing material.

roof trusses

At the heart of the design of any roof are roof trusses. Installation of such a structure is a responsible and time-consuming task, the work requires knowledge and skills in carrying out calculations.

The roof trusses must be able to support the weight of the insulation, battens, fallen snow and ice. Strong rafters can be made independently. It is important to take into account the peculiarities of the region, including seismicity.

The standard material for rafters is wood. The main elements of farms:

hanging and inclined rafters;
Mauerlat;
skating runs;
struts;
diagonal ties and braces.

All these parts are connected into a single system, forming truss trusses that look like one or more interconnected triangles. The angle of the triangles corresponds to the angle of the roof. The manufacturing technology of rafters involves the installation of bars on a Mauerlat, which is placed in the wall - this is necessary so that the weight is evenly distributed around the perimeter. The ends of the rafters are connected to the run at the top. The ridge beam completes the roof ridge.

Rafters are located from each other at a certain distance. This distance depends on the selected roofing material. The task of the rafters is to exclude the deflection of the roofing system. The rafters are held by a purlin, which is made from a cross-sectional beam, the purlins themselves are supported by uprights and beds. The stability of the rafters is provided by struts.

Design calculations are best left to professionals. The formulas take into account many quantities. You can only calculate the required number of components on your own.

For greater accuracy, a template is created in the works. It determines the slope of the roof slope. When creating a template, special care must be taken. With minimal deviations from the norm, the structure may squint during further operation.

One-story and two-story buildings

Currently, there are disputes about whether it is worth building housing with an attic superstructure, or is it better to give preference to a full-fledged floor. It is believed that the attic will be cheaper. This issue is worth analyzing in more detail.

Reduction of expenses when choosing in favor of an attic superstructure is achieved due to the fact that the truss system serves as the walls of the superstructure. However, it is she who reduces the size of the usable area, and significantly. In addition, due to large heat losses, the attic cannot be equipped without additional insulation.
From the point of view of economy, the question of choosing between an attic superstructure or a full-fledged floor does not imply a clear answer. If you perform non-standard pitched systems in the attic, then calling the masters who will do this work completely eliminates the economic benefits. Choosing an attic superstructure or a full-fledged second floor is more likely for aesthetic reasons.

In any case, a one-story or two-story house with an attic acquires an interesting architectural look, and this is a positive factor. In addition, the attic can be equipped in a two-story mansion, and this will only add additional space.

country house

The best option for a small house with an attic is in the country. Arrangement of the attic space will allow you to use this room for different purposes. Zealous summer residents usually use the attic for household needs.

The positive factor of the attic is that it can also be equipped in a frame structure. It is frame construction that involves many options for a variety of layouts.

Arrangement options

Living rooms in the attic of a country house are not always appropriate, so instead of them you can equip a full-fledged rest room or a working studio there.

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The attic design of the attic space allows not only to increase the living space of the house, but also to make the structure unusual and beautiful. Moreover, a building with this type of roof can be made in almost any style. A mansard-type roof, the variants of which can be very different, is found both in urban areas and in rural areas. Consider how to create such a design yourself, and find out what its features are.

Mansard roof - options

Such a roof has a special design of slopes, usually consisting of an upper sloping part and a steeper lower one. Thanks to this shape, a fairly spacious room appears inside, which can be used as an attic or even turn into a very cozy living room.

The history of mansards began in the 17th century, such a design of roofs was invented by the architect Francois Mansart - such a roof was named after his last name. But this Frenchman was far from being the first to implement the idea of economical use of the attic floor of the house. The mansard roof was first built by Pierre Lescaut, also a Frenchman who worked on the construction of such famous buildings as the Louvre and Notre Dame de Paris.

On a note! In the 19th century, poor people usually lived on the attic floors, but now this floor can appear in housing and is quite wealthy.

Now attics are quite often built during the construction of country houses or small two-story cottages, but the idea may well be implemented when creating other types of buildings. The attic has several advantages:

building a house with an attic is cheaper than with two full floors and a roof;
foundation costs during the construction of such a structure are also reduced;
the attic can significantly increase the living space of any building;
it gives the house an unusual and beautiful look;
it is not difficult to build a structure, the work can be completed quite quickly;
the attic is always associated with comfort;
a house with an attic is warmer by reducing heat loss through the roof.

But lofts also have several disadvantages. This type of attic space has sloping ceilings, which results in a small wall height, which makes it difficult to choose furniture. Also, the roof must be well mounted so as not to leak and release heat from the house - you will have to spend money on good hydro- and heat-insulating materials. Yes, and building attics is still more difficult than, for example, the usual gable roof.

Design features

The attic is a universal element. It was used both for ordinary houses and for the construction of country houses, often this type of attic space was chosen even for the construction of palaces. Of course, it could decorate workshops, commercial buildings, etc. And despite the fact that different materials were used for its construction, different styles were chosen, the attic still remained an attic - it has certain design features.

So, this building can have a different geometric shape - triangular, broken, have symmetrical or, conversely, geometrically complex and non-standard slopes. It can be located both along the entire width of the building, and only on one side of it relative to the longitudinal axis.

Bar prices

On a note! If the roof is broken, then the lower part will have very steep slopes with an angle of inclination of about 60-70 degrees, and on the top slopes, on the contrary, will be gentle (about 15-30 degrees).

But whatever the attic, it will be located within the walls of the main building. Relative to the outer walls, the attic may be somewhat wider, but then it relies on the extensions of the ceilings. If the offset is large, then you will have to install additional supports (for example, columns, walls, etc.).

The height of the attic roof cannot be less than 2.5 m, otherwise it will not work to make a spacious room under it. Windows, which also need to be provided here, will be manufactured using special technologies using tempered durable glass and a reliable frame. They will cost several times more than usual. And load-bearing structures can be made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood. But in the case of the latter, it is important to carefully consider fire safety measures.

The mansard roof is a multilayer structure, which complicates installation. It can be insulated completely or only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe presence of a living room - where there is heating. But in any case, the design of the attic implies the presence of rafters, a ridge, directly roofing material, heat and waterproofing, and a vapor barrier layer. An interfloor overlap will act as a base under the roof.

Mansard roof rafters must have good bearing capacity. The cross section of the materials used will depend on the angle of the roof slope and cannot be less than 5x15 cm at a step of 100 cm. If the slope angle is 45 degrees, then a step of 140 cm is maintained.

Attention! In areas where it often snows and the amount of precipitation is high, it is recommended to install rafters with a step of no more than 80 cm.

If the attic is to be used as a living space, it is important to consider that in this case there is a risk of a large amount of condensate forming under the roof. Because of this, foci of mold may appear inside the structure, a fungus may develop, etc. The presence of a large amount of moisture will also negatively affect the insulating properties of the material. That is why it is important to follow all the rules for installing a mansard roof, and the heat-insulating material must be reliably protected from moisture ingress, not only from the outside, but also from the inside, that is, a layer of vapor barrier material is also located on this side.

Important! Do not forget about the creation of roofing products that will allow air to circulate calmly inside the roof structure and help remove condensate.

Types of mansard roofs

There are 4 main types of mansard roofs, which differ from each other in design features. They can be divided into single-level and two-level. The former are the simplest in execution, usually combined with a broken or gable roof with a slope angle of 35-45 degrees. The second ones involve the arrangement of two rooms at different levels. Here a system of mixed supports is used.

On a note! When building an attic under a gable roof, the height of the walls can be no more than 1.5 m, followed by sloping ceilings. With a broken roof, the height of the ceiling along the perimeter near the walls is up to 2.5 m.

When building a house, you can stop at one of the types of attics - a single-level attic when arranging a gable roof, single-level with a broken roof, with remote consoles, or a two-level with a special mixed type of support.

Table. The main types of attics.

Type of	Description
	In this case, the attic has one level and is equipped under a conventional gable roof. The simplest option, in the design of which you can not use complex calculations. Precipitation with a gable simple roof comes off on its own, there is no need to equip any additional elements.
	In this case, the attic also has one level, but the truss system is performed differently. Formed, as it were, four slopes of the roof. A much more spacious room can fit under it, but creating such a roof is more difficult.
	Of the single-level attics, this is the most difficult option. Here the room under the roof is even more spacious. Usually in this case, the attic room is shifted to one of the edges of the house. This design allows you to make large vertical windows on one side. The main disadvantages are the complex shape, the complexity of construction. But on the other hand, under the edge of such an attic, you can make a functional canopy, where a terrace, garage or other extension can be located.
	The most difficult option is the attic, since at least two rooms under the roof are located here, located at different levels. Such a design, when designing a house, immediately enters into its structure.

The mansard roof can also have a balcony. It is created on the principle of building a window. The main thing is that the bearing capacity of the walls allows you to equip it. By the way, columns can also support the balcony, but in this case it is built above the entrance.

Types of rafters for attics

Roof trusses can be of two types - and layered. You will have to choose between them depending on the method of attachment to the walls of the house. Hanging ones are simpler and are usually used for houses that do not have an average load-bearing wall. The rafters rest only on the main walls of the house, without intermediate supports. The width of the span between the walls cannot be large - usually it does not exceed 6 m. If the span is larger (over 9 m), then the arrangement of struts and attendants will be required.

Rafter rafters are usually used when creating houses with two spans, that is, those that have a load-bearing wall in the middle. In this case, the rafters have three points of support - directly this wall, as well as the main ones along the perimeter of the house.

Material for the manufacture of the truss system

Rafters can be made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Wooden rafters are environmentally friendly, they are easy to work with, easily adjusted to the desired size. But wooden structures are afraid of excess moisture and are prone to the formation of mold and fungus on them.

On a note! Before construction, wooden materials are recommended to be treated with protective compounds that will extend their service life.

Metal and reinforced concrete structures can not be covered with such compounds - fungus and mold do not appear on them. Due to this, they are considered more reliable and durable. But the main disadvantage is that, if necessary, it will be difficult to adjust them to the desired dimensions on the spot, and the slightest error in the calculations can lead to the roof being skewed. Also, a master working with reinforced concrete or metal rafters may face other difficulties - this is a large mass of products, which forces the use of special equipment even to lift elements.

Difficulties and features of the arrangement of the attic roof

When designing and building a mansard roof, a number of design features should be taken into account, on the basis of which a number of work rules are formed. For example, the Mauerlat must be fixed very securely with anchor bolts. It is he who will experience the maximum load, which means that he will hold the entire roof on himself. Anchors are additionally recommended to be walled up with a cement mixture if the main walls of the house are made of stone, brick and other similar materials.

It is also important to remember about the correct design and layers of the roof. For example, mansard roofs cannot be covered with metal roofing materials. They get very hot and it will be too hot on the top floor in summer, there can simply be no question of any comfort of living. It is not recommended to use roofing material as a waterproofing material - when heated, it begins to smell specifically. It is best to cover the mansard roof with slate or soft tiles. For thermal insulation, it is usually recommended to purchase mineral wool, which is laid with a waterproofing film on both sides.

The attic project in private housing construction is especially popular and, I must say, deservedly so. very rational and economical and, what is also important, interesting. , whose design scheme is relatively simple, can become a reality in skillful hands.

However, this does not mean that designing an attic is impossible in a finished house. But, one way or another, in any case, the design of the attic floor should allow you to make the most of the new space.

What are attics

In order for the room under the roof to actually be comfortable to use, it must meet certain requirements: to have a convenient shape, lit and.

The attic floor can have a very different geometric shape - broken or triangular, with symmetrical or asymmetrical sides.

Attic layout photo: options for the location of the roof relative to the walls of the building

The floor can be located on one side of the building or located across its entire width, both within the outer walls and beyond their boundaries.

Attic floor layout photo: types of floors under the roof

In the latter case, the floor project necessarily provides for the installation of additional supports, some kind of walls, columns or suspensions.

Attic wall project with reinforced concrete pillars

But in any case, from all these options, the following types of attic floors are ultimately obtained:

separate single-level floor;
floor with a two-level development;
two-level organization of the last floor of the base building with the formation of a mezzanine floor.

Roof options

The outer walls of the attic floor usually have two parts:

vertical, which, as a rule, is made of wall material used on the lower floors;
inclined, the frame of which is the truss system, and the outer skin is the roof.

How these parts will relate to each other in the project depends on its design.

Important: - the main factor in the project, which determines its layout, usable area and ease of movement.

Types of attics according to the shape of the roof

There are quite a few varieties of attic-type residential structures in terms of the shape of the roof, but we will focus on some of them.

Shed. Such a roof avoids sidewalls, however, its frame makes it possible to move quietly only in one part of the under-roof space.

House with a shed attic

Dvuhskatnaya. A more complex roof configuration than a shed roof provides more design options. The height of the walls of the attic floor in this case is sufficient for the construction of ordinary and even balcony ones.

Projects of gable attic floors

The usable floor area is significantly larger if the project roof rests on a vertical, attic wall. Its optimal level is determined when designing a room, taking into account the width of the house and the slope of the slopes. The calculation of this type of attic is quite simple.

Attic photo projects: a large slope of a gable roof makes it possible to get significant usable space

A broken roof is a gable roof with broken slopes with a silhouette either concave inward or, conversely, curved outward.

Sloping gable roof

The usable floor area under a four-slope roof of the house is less than under a gable one. A large number of creases and bevels in the under-roof space reduces the ability to freely design the rooms of an attic apartment.

An interesting project of a country house with a hipped roof

On a note: by design, the mansard roof is quite complex, but by creating rooms of different heights under it - both with low ceilings and with a height of more than 1.9 m, you can make the most of the attic space.

Typical attic project

The height of the attic floor is a parameter on which the usable area depends, which means that the type of roof space can be determined from its value.

Cross-sectional design of the subroof structure

With a vertical wall height exceeding 1.5 m, this is a full-fledged floor, and at a distance of half a meter from the vertical wall, you can already move freely without tilting your head. If the height of the attic exceeds 2–2.1 m, then in terms of comfort it will not be inferior to a typical room.
An ordinary attic, one- or two-level, is obtained if the minimum height of the attic walls is 0.8 m, and the maximum is 1.5 m. Such a design has sufficient functional potential.
In the absence of vertical walls or if their level does not reach 0.8 m, the resulting low room is called a semi-attic.

Important: when developing an attic project with your own hands, you must follow the requirements of SNiP. For example, the level of partitions, if the slope is 30 degrees, should be more than 1.2 m.

Making the space under the roof functional and comfortable is not an easy task and requires extraordinary solutions. But still there are certain rules that it is desirable to follow. This concerns the purpose of the room, for example, a narrow small attic is more suitable for, and a high attic is more suitable for the living room, or, in the junction areas of inclined slopes with overlap, that is, the floor, you can build in wardrobes, put shelving, etc.

Rooftop living space layout

When arranging a bedroom, two important requirements should be considered:

from floor to ceiling should be at least 2.2 m;
and from the level of the bed - 1.4 m.

Such rationing is necessary so that you can sit comfortably in the room and, even with high growth, walk without problems, without bending.

Attic proportions

As a rule, it improves the proportions of the room in the under-roof space. This is especially true in the case of rooms with a small area and a significant height, especially under the ridge.

Advice: the space above the ceiling can be adapted to store things that are rarely used.

Arrangement of the joint space

If the ceiling is not made in the room, then you can not hide the structural elements of the roof. The absence of a ceiling will increase the space and add height to the room.

Original bedroom under the roof

How to calculate the attic area

Such quantities as the size of the attic, height, angle of inclination and its area are closely interconnected. According to the norms of SNiP, the minimum height of a dwelling under a roof should be 2.5 m.

Calculation of the height of the room depending on the slope of the roof

The calculation of projects should reflect the measurement of the real area in relation to the useful one. According to building codes, the calculations take into account the attic area with the following initial data:

a slope of 30 degrees - the level of the narrow part of the slope is 1.5 m;
tilt 45 degrees - 1.1 m;
starting from 60 degrees - 0.5 m.

When calculating the area of structures with smaller heights, the total area is multiplied by a reduction factor of 0.7. In this case, 1.2 m is taken as the minimum level of the walls at 30 degrees, 0.8 at 45–60 degrees, and with a slope starting from 60, it is not limited.

Attic calculation

An example formula for calculating the area for a roof with a slope of 45 degrees.
Пп = A * L + 2В * 0.7 * L = L * (A + 1.4B), where
Пп is the surface area of the floor of the room; A and B - its width at a height of at least 1.1 m and 0.8 m, respectively, L - its length; 0.7 is a reduction factor for areas with a lower height.

The project requires accurate calculations, so it is more advisable to use computer programs specially designed for design. It is much simpler and more convenient, besides, the risk of making mistakes in the calculations is disproportionately lower.

Attic floor plan

Cottage or individual construction is at the peak of popularity today. Who among us does not dream of a cozy and spacious house where the whole family will live happily? has not only a special French charm, but also a lot of advantages, the main of which is the possibility of arranging additional living space. Such a low-rise private construction project opens up new opportunities for owners: additional living space at low financial costs. If there is a desire and need to attach an attic floor to the house, you must first draw up a plan and make a drawing. This will help correct errors at the planning stage, correctly calculate the load and the amount of building materials.

Features and requirements

The layout of a residential attic is a laborious process, it requires knowledge and accuracy in calculations. The main task is to prepare a project and a detailed drawing. Any mistakes that were made at the planning stage of the attic floor will immediately negatively affect the quality of the operation of the premises.

Attic project

In order to prepare a construction plan, you need to comply with a number of requirements for the construction of the attic floor:

the walls in such a room must be at least 2.5 meters high, if the height of the walls is less, then this is an attic room;
the arrangement of high-quality thermal insulation is required, which will help in creating an optimal microclimate;
it is necessary to create impeccable ventilation of building materials and the frame in order to avoid deformation, dampness and, as a result, the appearance of mold and fungus;
special attention should be paid to the choice of building materials, giving preference to lightweight, high-strength and wear-resistant;
the entire structure of the house as a whole must withstand the load increased due to the construction of the attic floor; a detailed plan is needed for visualization.

Important!
The list of basic requirements should be taken into account at the stage of drawing preparation in order to correct possible shortcomings in a timely manner. Any mistakes can lead to catastrophic consequences: the appearance of cracks and even collapse.

Layout of the living room in the attic

Design rules

During the construction process, it is the project and drawings that are the main documents in accordance with which the work is carried out.The document displays the following:

A description of the shapes, sizes, architectural geometry, angles of inclination of the roof slopes is carried out.
A list of the required building materials for the construction of the attic floor is compiled.
According to special formulas, accurate calculations of the attic load on all load-bearing structural elements of the house (beams, rafters, ceilings, etc.) are made. The data is clearly displayed in the drawing.
The project includes information on the creation of a heat-insulating layer, the choice of appropriate materials based on thermal engineering calculations.
Drawings of the attic roof are attached to the project. The drawing allows you to visually and most accurately reflect the shape of the roof, kinks and slopes.

Project of a house with an attic floor

All construction work on the construction of the attic floor must fully comply with the prepared project of the house.

Important!
At the planning stage, you should decide how many separate rooms will be in the attic. Zoning and communications are also marked on the plan.

There are various types of attics, which depend on the area, the shape of the roof and the height of the walls. If the attic room is small and narrow, you can equip a cozy bedroom or study. And if the room is spacious, with high vaults, then you can equip the living room.

The project of a residential building with an attic

One-story house: design features

The layout of a one-story building is distinguished by the need to create a staircase, the main function of which is the ability to get to the second level. Incorrect planning of the location of the stairs leads to the inconvenience of moving around the house.

One-story house with an attic

The layout of the residential attic is developed strictly at the design stage. It's necessary:

for comfortable placement of the staircase node;
to calculate the economic costs of usable area;
to draw up a drawing of a convenient exit to the second level.

The role of the attic in a one-story house is the so-called “quiet zone”. How to prepare a project? The layout of the staircase node of a one-story house with dimensions of 6 * 6 or 8 * 8, where a residential attic is planned, has a difference: about 6 square meters fall out of the total area in the center of the building, since it is possible to organize access to the attic floor only in the ridge of the roof of the building. If a house project is being drawn up with dimensions of 8 * 10, 9 * 12 or 9 * 9, it is less sensitive to the creation of a staircase assembly, as it fits more easily into the overall plan. When drawing up a staircase plan in order to get to the attic floor, it is important to take into account the fact that the approach to it must be provided from various rooms. In addition, you should remember about the rational use of space. Therefore, the choice of location for the stair node is an extremely important point. Using a ready-made plan and a standard project, it is necessary to carefully assess all the risks, as well as study the technological features.

The layout of the attic in a one-story house

Plan-project of a two-story house in 10 steps

A two-story residential building with an attic is the most common type of building. The layout of the operated attic floor is very specific, so there are a number of important nuances:

The intensity of movement in a two-story house is higher. The staircase to the second floor can be wide and gentle, the area allows it. Platforms in spans can be made large so that passers-by do not collide.
The attic floor is located directly under the roof, the slopes of which are located at an angle. The layout may be limited due to the architectural features of the roof.
The entrance to the stairs is rational in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ridge, since it is in this place that the normal height for its arrangement is.
The traditional attic roof has vertical walls, so the window openings are planned along the gables.
The plan of the building with dimensions of 9 * 9 or 10 * 10, with the arrangement of the attic floor, depends on the placement of light openings. The area of \u200b\u200bthe room allows you to equip several rooms at once, and it is difficult to organize lighting through the gables.
The drawing should reflect partitions, beams, that is, in detail the entire truss system.

The project of a two-story house with an attic

Important!
Partitions must rest on a load-bearing wall. The layout of the floors located below the attic directly depends on this.

If the attic floor is operated, then the drawing should clearly reflect the location of all communications and engineering systems.
If the attic floor area is more than 100 sq. meters, then sanitary conditions and amenity premises should be expanded taking into account the number of users.
When drawing up a design plan for the truss system, it is important to take into account all possible factors that determine the load. These include the creation of thermal insulation, the material and type of truss elements, the type of roofing and more.
The load on the floor of the attic floor is no less intense than on the standard floors. Calculate it, decide on the choice of materials for the structure, reflect all the information in the project without fail.

Attic layout in a two-story house

Planning an attic floor in individual construction is a laborious process that requires care, preparation and knowledge. Compliance with all the requirements and rules when drawing up a typical project of a house with an attic is a guarantee of the durability of the structure and a high level of living comfort. The result of the work will be the possibility of obtaining additional square meters for the arrangement of living space.

What: one-, two-story, attic house is cheaper in construction?

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, work with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist. Lecturer in History and Theory of Culture. Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to the present. Editor: since 2016.

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