The parameters and characteristics of the fireplace are of fundamental importance for the most rational use of the heating capabilities of this device. A fireplace that is too large will cool the room and cause drafts, while a fireplace that is too small will not warm the room. Therefore, when building a fireplace or when buying a finished appliance, it is necessary to carefully analyze the dimensions of the fireplace and carefully examine all its details for compliance with each other.

Portal. The area of ​​​​the portal should be 1/50 of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The height of the portal is no more than two depths of the firebox.

Foreground. The protrusion of the pre-furnace platform in front of the portal is at least 50 cm, and on the sides of the portal - 21-30 cm.

Pre-furnace sheet should extend beyond the site by 20-30 cm.

Under the firebox. The hearth area is 0.7 of the portal area. Under the firebox can be located on the same level with the fireplace table, 30-50 cm above it or 40-60 cm above the level of the fireplace table.

Fuel tank. Height - 3/5 - A / 5 of the width of the firebox. Depth - 1/2 - 2/3 of the height of the firebox. Excessive depth of the firebox reduces the efficiency of the fireplace, insufficient depth can cause smoke to enter the room. The side walls of the firebox should be at an angle of 45-60°, tapering towards the smoke box. The rear wall in the lower part at 1/3 of the height should be strictly vertical, and then tilt into the furnace at an angle of 20-22 °. The inclined surfaces of the firebox better reflect radiant energy.

Chimney. The internal section of the chimney is 0.1-0.15 of the portal area. If the internal cross section is too large, the flue gases are rapidly cooled, which contributes to the formation of condensate. The most preferred cross-sectional shape is round (asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes), the least recommended are square and rectangular, in the corners of which a lot of soot is deposited. The total area of ​​the internal heat-receiving surface of the chimney must correspond to the volume of the firebox. If it is less, then the heat will go into the chimney unused. If - more, then the probability of formation of condensate is high. The side walls of the chimney are symmetrical and taper towards the chimney at an angle of 45-60°. The back wall is strictly vertical. The height of the fireplace chimney should be greater than that of the stove chimney, and the walls should be thicker. This is due to the fact that a significantly larger amount of air is required to operate the fireplace. Therefore, it is important not to allow the fireplace to cool quickly. The thickness of the walls of the fireplace chimney located at the outer wall is 1 brick, and the walls of the fireplace chimney at the inner wall or in the center of the room are 1/2 brick.

smoke damper located in the chimney at a height of 20 cm from the furnace opening.

Chimney. The height of the chimney is at least 5-6 m from the grate. The height above the roof level is 1m. In addition, the chimney of the fireplace must be higher than any superstructures on the roof. The minimum height of the pipe above the ridge for fire-resistant roofs is 30 cm, for easily combustible roofs - 50 cm. The internal section of the pipe is 1/10 - 1/12 of the size of the furnace hole. In any case, the inner section of the pipe must not be less than 140x270 mm. Ideally, the chimney should be strictly vertical, but in some cases deviations from the vertical by no more than 30 ° are allowed.

Foundation. The depth of the foundation is 0.5 m for a one-story house and 0.7-1 m for a two-story house.

Blower channel. Internal section not less than 200 cm 2 .

Fireplace maintenance

The firebox must be regularly cleaned of ash residues, using either a broom and a spatula, or a vacuum cleaner in the dry cleaning mode. Some vacuum cleaners even have a fireplace cleaning function.

Location of the fireplace

Typically, fireplaces are located near the inner main wall. Do not install fireplaces against exterior walls or against walls with windows and doorways. Protect your fireplace from drafts and hypothermia. To keep warm in a room equipped with a fireplace, it is recommended to insulate windows and doors. We do not recommend installing fireplaces, especially with an open hearth, in the corridor and next to the stairs.

It is not recommended to install a fireplace in a small room (with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bnot exceeding 20 sq.m), since it will not provide enough air to burn the fuel.

By location, fireplaces can be divided into wall-mounted, wall-mounted and island.

In a built-in fireplace, the furnace part and the chimney are built into the wall. Such a fireplace can only be installed in a house under construction, simultaneously with the laying of walls. A significant advantage of a built-in fireplace is that it takes up little usable space.

When installing a wall-mounted fireplace, its functional part is hidden behind a false wall, which also does not require a lot of space. Such a fireplace can be erected in an already rebuilt building. The wall fireplace can be located in the corner or in the middle of the wall. In the first case, the fireplace is able to heat three rooms at once, but not very well. In the second, more preferable and most common case, it is recommended to place the fireplace in such a way that at least 1 m free space remains on the sides of it. The ideal option for placing a wall-mounted fireplace is in the middle of the wall.

An island (open on all sides) fireplace has a very spectacular look if it fits organically into the interior, but takes up a lot of space. Therefore, it is more expedient to install it in large rooms. Usually island fireplaces are installed on some elevation. The convector hangs from the ceiling on chains or springs, located directly above the furnace part of the fireplace.

The main requirement for the placement of the fireplace is open access to the portal, which must face the central part of the room. The fireplace should allow you to organize a place of rest next to you. And what kind of rest near the fireplace, if you can not see the fire!

Features of fireplaces

The word "fireplace" comes from the Latin word for "hearth". There is a hypothesis that the word "room" appeared from the word "fireplace". A traditional fireplace is valuable primarily because it allows you to admire the flame thanks to an open firebox and heats the room with radiant energy in a matter of minutes. However, a significant drawback of a traditional fireplace is its inability to retain heat for a long time, in which it loses a lot to a household stove. Due to the open furnace space of small depth and the absence of smoke circulation in the convector, much more air enters the fuel than is necessary for its maximum combustion, and the draft in the fireplace chimney is insufficient. Therefore, the fireplace does not use all the heat energy from the burned fuel - and most of the hot gases go into the chimney. The heating of the room is carried out not due to the heat transfer of the convector walls, which take on an insignificant part of the heat, but due to the radiant energy emanating from the burning fuel. Thus, the fireplace heats up while the fuel is burning. The efficiency of a traditional fireplace with an open hearth is on average 10-15%. All this makes the fireplace popular in the city, but completely useless in the countryside.

The heat output of the fireplace can be increased to a maximum of 20-25% by resorting to various additional devices, such as a smoke tooth, an electric smoke exhauster, a deflector. Modern imported fireplaces are also equipped with a heat-resistant quartz glass furnace door, in the lower part of which there are special levers that allow you to adjust the traction force. Such fireplaces have the efficiency of a household stove (75-85%). But they cost accordingly.

The easiest way to get a high efficiency fireplace is to build a fireplace stove, which is a domestic stove with a built-in fireplace. The fireplace stove quickly heats the room (due to the fireplace), but also retains heat for a long time (due to the stove).

History of the fireplace

Previously, wood, peat and brushwood were the only fuel, and therefore, it took a very long time to start a fire and keep it burning continuously. Until the invention of matches in the 19th century, flint and flint, which were used to make sparks, and tinder, which consisted of bark, dry leaves, ferns and other plant materials, were carefully protected.

When maintaining a fire required such effort, there were few hearths. People warmed their frozen fingers at the only heat source in the main hall and often slept right next to it.

As dwellings expanded, a complex system of chimneys was developed, and the fireplace wall became one of the main load-bearing elements in buildings. In pre-Reformation Europe, the papal tax on chimneys meant that no one wanted to build chimneys, but after 1529 the number of elaborately decorated brick chimneys and magnificent fireplaces with images of biblical scenes, hunting scenes and various gods increased. Plaster had its advantages, which 16th-century artisans immediately mastered - the form could be made once and then repeated, and the material itself was relatively cheap and easily available. The plasterer had a book with samples that the customer could look at and choose the design they liked.

The rapid spread of fireplaces created a degree of comfort in homes, but heat, especially in overcrowded wooden buildings, was associated with danger. The Great Fire of London in 1666 destroyed most of the city. But this catastrophe also had positive consequences - the city was rebuilt, and the streets, mostly made of stone, became wider. The new city became the capital of the commercial world, depriving Antwerp of this role. In New England, fireplaces were huge and uneconomical to heat with wood. Over time, they have become more elegant and functional.

The only element of the fireplace that has undergone minor changes since the Middle Ages is the fireplace tools (tongs and poker, shovel, firewood stand and grate). They remained the same instruments with which a medieval inhabitant would feel at home even today.

Wood burning fireplaces dominated until the early 90s. The market share of wood burning fireplaces was about 70%. Since 1997, gas-fired fireplaces have taken the lead - their share was about 60%. And now the market has captured a new type of fireplace - a decorative electric fireplace.

User manual

WARNING:

Installers and users are strongly advised to strictly follow the instructions and recommendations detailed in this manual, as this will directly affect the safety (risk of fire) and the quality of the functioning of the fireplace. The manufacturer accepts no liability in the event of failure during commissioning, abnormal operation or incorrect installation if the following instructions and recommendations are not observed.

Specialists and merchants who sell fireplaces to private individuals must issue these Instructions to customers, explaining to them, if necessary, the features of operation.

Individuals wishing to install a fireplace on their own are strongly advised to entrust its inspection and, especially, the start of operation to a competent specialist.

FIRST kindling

The operation of the fireplace must be preceded by drying, which, depending on the relative humidity, can sometimes take 3 to 5 weeks. The first kindling should be light, moderate, with a small amount of firewood. After the first kindling, a pungent smell of burning and smoke can be felt: charring and burning out of paints and binders occurs. The smell disappears after several subsequent fires. Before kindling, the fireplace damper must be OPEN.

It is necessary to kindle the fireplace gradually (small firewood); do not use alcohol, benzene, thinners or similar substances for this purpose, as this creates a risk of explosion or thermal shock due to a sharp rise in temperature.

RECOMMENDED FUEL

Only wood should be burned in the fireplace.

Use dry wood with 15% moisture content. This is necessary to prevent the formation of resin. Higher humidity leads to lower heat transfer (water vapor). Dry wood = 3200 kcal/kg Wet wood = 1750 kcal/kg

Solid wood gives good heat and slow combustion. This is the wood of HORNBEAM, OAK, ASH, BIRCH, ELM and BEECH.

Less dense wood of soft and coniferous species, on the contrary, gives more fire, but less coal and heat. This is the wood of PINE, SPRUCE, POPLAR AND LINDEN.

HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF WOOD

A ton of dry wood gives the same calorific value as 0.4 tons of fuel oil.

The calorific value depends mainly on the moisture content of the wood (see table).

The average percentage of wood moisture depending on the drying time

Time	Log	Round	Time	Log	Round
Freshly cut	75%	78%	1 year	26%	35%
3 months	48%	62%	1.5 years	18%	27%
6 months	37%	46%	2 years	16%	24%
9 months	33%	38%	2.5 years	15%	24%

HEAT OF COMBUSTION DEPENDS ON HUMIDITY

To turn the water contained in wood into steam, you need to spend 600 kcal per kg of water. That is why the heat of combustion of wood is inversely proportional to its moisture content.

ALTERNATIVE FUEL

PROHIBITED FUELS

Among the types of fuel available and prohibited for use in our fireplaces, we note:

• solid mineral fuel (coals and their derivatives).

These fireplaces are not designed to burn charcoal because of the danger of carbon monoxide being emitted and accumulated in the room, leading to severe health problems and even death of people living in the house.

• liquid mineral fuels: GASOLINE, FUEL OIL, SOLVENTS, WASTE OILS…
• alcohol
• wood impregnated with creosote
• freshly cut and uncured wood
• paper and cardboard waste - shavings, briquetted sawdust.
• sawdust

ADJUSTMENT

FLAPPER: Depending on the model, the fireplace may be equipped with a damper. It opens and closes manually. The damper partially closes the vent (exit from the fireplace). That is why in no case should the damper be closed when lighting the fireplace, otherwise there is a threat of strong smoke. On the contrary, if the fireplace is not used for a long time, the damper must be closed.

AIR SUPPLY

The air supply is regulated by moving the air inflow lever located at the top of the fireplace base.

Simultaneously setting the damper and the air inlet damper to the appropriate position regulates the combustion mode.

ash pan

To prevent clogging of the ash pan and the grate, it must be emptied regularly. A thin layer of ash (2-3 cm) on the bottom of the ash pan does not interfere with normal operation. Empty the ash pan only after all the coals have burned out (if necessary, emptying can be done after a day after the firebox).

Throw the contents of the ash pan into a specially designed metal container or a container made of non-combustible materials. The ash, which seems to have cooled down, even after some time, can retain a high temperature.

ATTENTION!

The storage of combustible materials (paper, cloth, solvents, aerosols, gas cylinders...) in the immediate vicinity of the fireplace is absolutely unacceptable. It is forbidden to keep, even for a short time, combustible materials or materials subject to fire and heat in the immediate vicinity of the fireplace.

These materials should not be stored in firewood, in niches intended for firewood under and/or near the fireplace.

ATTENTION:

The glass-ceramic screen and the front of the fireplace can reach temperatures in excess of 100 degrees. Careless touching, especially by children and unwarned persons, can cause severe burns.

MAINTENANCE

The glass screen needs regular cleaning with special products.

The use of damp firewood (humidity above 15%) leads to excessive deposition of resins on the screen.

Glass cleaning

• Wait until the fireplace has cooled down before cleaning the glass.
• Cover the floor area and the base of the fireplace so as not to stain it!
• Wipe the glass with a damp cloth.
• Spray the glass with a cleaning compound intended for this purpose (consult your dealer), following the instructions for use.
• Wipe with a damp sponge

Periodically, as needed, clean the fireplace from combustion products.

CLEANING

Before using the fireplace, the chimney must be cleaned. Sanitary regulations require two cleanings per year.

Connecting pipes must be cleaned with a brush-ruff of the appropriate diameter.

After cleaning, it is necessary to make sure that there is no undocking of the pipes.

It should be checked whether depressurization has occurred at the level of the dome of the fireplace and the chimney.

General provisions

• Never use water to extinguish a fire.
• The glass and some parts of the firebox can reach very high temperatures:

"Take precautions to avoid burns, including on children."

• The fireplace emits significant thermal radiation: the minimum distance from the base of the fireplace to materials and objects susceptible to heat is at least 1.20 m.
• It is forbidden to place combustible and flammable materials near the fireplace.
• When removing ash, discard the contents of the ash pan into a specially designed metal container or a container made of non-combustible materials.

Fires in the chimney

• In the event of a soot fire in the chimney, place the primary air supply lever in the closed position.
• Call the firemen and leave the house.
• Keep an eye on what is happening outside (e.g. sparks from a chimney).

How to avoid fire in the chimney?

The easiest way to avoid a chimney fire is to use only dry wood!

The use of damp wood actually entails not only a reduction in heat output, but also poor combustion (glass fouling) and contributes to the formation of flammable creosote deposits (tar deposits in the chimney)!

After a fire in the chimney, it is forbidden to use the fireplace again until a qualified person who has to check the damage caused to the chimney due to fire gives his opinion ...

Mandatory mechanical cleaning of the chimney must be carried out at least twice a year, including once during the heating season.

If the fireplace has not been used for a long time: before lighting, make sure that the chimney is not clogged or blocked (for example, by bird nests or bee hives).

WARNING

Any change to the fireplace or its installation rules by the purchaser, other than the installer or user, may cause malfunctions and reduce safety.

The installation of accessories and devices not supplied by the company, as well as the disassembly and removal of some elements that ensure the safety and proper functioning of the device, may have the same consequences.

In these cases, the company disclaims responsibility for possible consequences, and its guarantee ceases to be valid.

In order for your fireplace to function in the desired mode and fully influence the formation of optimal temperature and humidity indicators, you should follow the recommendations given by the Remix online store consultants.

1. Kindling the hearth. Before igniting the fireplace, fully open all dampers and check that there is no backdraft. Let's make a reservation, reverse thrust - the flow of air into the room from the hearth. Clean all channels and the grate from the presence of solid combustion products. An air blockage can form in a cold chimney, it is removed in a simple way by laying paper and setting it on fire. It is forbidden to use flammable substances dangerous in this respect (gasoline, kerosene, etc.) to light the fireplace.
2. FUEL for the fireplace. Typically, traditional firewood is used to fire the fireplace, preferably hardwood. Soft wood can cause smoke in a heated room, and coniferous firewood “shoots” with dangerous sparks. Logs should be dried before using wood fuel, damp firewood accumulates, emits insufficient heat and affects the formation of condensate. Too dry firewood does not heat the home properly, as it burns out too quickly, not having time to give off heat.
3. Fireplace DRIVE. The draft is responsible for supplying the air necessary for the process of burning wood in the firebox of the appliance. Among other things, the draft ensures the return of combustion products to the chimney system. The burning rate of firewood is controlled using a device such as an air intake lever (it can be replaced by a sliding damper). The power of burning wood directly depends on the natural draft created in the unit, as well as on the very structure of the heating device. The color of the flame can tell about the strength of the thrust. So, a white tint indicates an excess of traction, dark red - its lack. All these shortcomings can be corrected by special devices, which include a heat-resistant fan installed at the mouth of the smoke channel. A turbovent or a smoke exhauster can become a replacement for it. When using a fireplace or any other hearth, there may be an insufficient supply of oxygen. The reason for this may be, for example, obstruction of the chimney, lack of supply air, or prematurely closed damper. Since the result of such a phenomenon may be the flow of carbon monoxide into living quarters, you need to be extremely careful about the operation of the fireplace.
4. OPERATION of the hearth. During the second loading of fuel, proceed as follows. To begin, open the door slightly, opening the slide gate at the same time. Quickly and carefully place two - maximum three logs, trying not to cause smoke in the room at home. Do not stack firewood too tightly, as the air needed for combustion simply will not flow to the fuel and the wood will go out, causing flue gases to enter the dwelling. We also make a reservation that firewood should occupy approximately one third of the fuel chamber. Experts advise avoiding long-term operation of the hearth, especially in intensive mode. Find out about the optimal time period in which the hearth should be used, it is best to check directly with the trading establishment when buying. As a rule, the elements of the firebox can become very hot from the high temperatures that are formed as a result of the firebox of the hearth. Make sure that the regulation of wood combustion is not difficult, using special devices for this.
5. VENTILATION is another phenomenon that occurs in a room with a fireplace installed in it. No wonder earlier the hearth was installed in smoking rooms. It should be noted that for air supply, even in the case of fuel combustion, air intake grilles are installed, the functioning of which should be checked before the fireplace insert. Special services prohibit the removal of volatile combustion products into the ventilation ducts, and the grilles themselves are not installed on the smoke ducts. The fireplace should not be placed where air currents meet, as this can cause drafts.

decorative side

FACING of the heating structure is called the portal. For its implementation, various materials and technologies are used. So, decorative rocks (granite, marble, sandstone, limestone, onyx, etc.) can be used to decorate the front side. Also, artificial stone, glass, metals, alloys and even specially processed wood are used as materials.

If you are using a closed type fireplace, you need to take care of the cleanliness of the glass firebox door in a timely manner. It will always be clean if you exclude synthetic materials, softwoods and poorly dried firewood from using as fuel. In modern units, a “clean glass” system is provided, which forms a supply of hot air along the door that burns flue gases. But even in this case, the fuel chamber should be cleaned about once a year.

CLEANING of the fireplace - removal of ashes and ashes. Timely cleaning of the fireplace affects its full functioning and sufficient marks.

Fire safety

In this section, we provide the fire safety rules noted in the "Rules for the production of chimney and furnace works", All-Russian Voluntary Fire Society, 2006.

Section 5.6. Safety requirements for the operation of fireplaces.

5.6.1. During the operation of fireplaces, the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions and the Fire Safety Rules must be observed.

5.6.2. Before ignition of fireplaces it is necessary to be convinced of presence of draft in smoke channels (pipes). To do this, a strip of thin paper must be brought to the ajar door of the fireplace or to the portal opening. Its deviation towards the furnace indicates the presence of traction.

5.6.4. It is necessary to clean the ash box in a timely manner. An overfilled duct can cause back draft with the release of combustion products into the room.

5.6.5. In rooms where fireplaces are installed, it is allowed to store firewood in an amount not exceeding the daily requirement.

5.6.6. Cleaning of chimneys from soot deposits should be carried out before the start of the heating season, and also at least once every three months during the heating season.

5.6.7. Premises in which fireplaces are installed must be equipped with manual powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers with a capacity of at least 2 liters.

5.6.8. Before the start of the heating season, it is necessary to check the technical condition of fireplaces and chimneys in order to identify the presence of draft, the tightness of the joints and the serviceability of the elements of fireplaces and chimneys.

5.6.9. When using fireplaces, it is prohibited:

A) use a type of fuel that is not intended for fireplaces;

B) use flammable and combustible liquids for kindling;

C) use firewood, the dimensions of which exceed the dimensions of the furnaces;

D) dry clothes and other materials and objects on the details of fireplaces;

E) place combustible objects closer than 1.5 m from the radiant surface of fireplaces;

E) fill the niche for storing firewood with easily combustible materials, as well as overfill it with firewood;

G) kindle fireplaces with broken or cracked glass;

H) overheating fireboxes by burning a large amount of firewood;

I) block the smoke channels when burning firewood;

K) remove not extinguished coals and ash;

L) to fill the fire in the fireboxes with water;

M) make changes to the design of fireplaces and use fireplaces for other purposes;

H) leave open fireplaces unattended and allow young children to operate fireplaces.

Causes of a fire

In order to avoid the occurrence of a fire that causes material damage, harm to health and danger to human life, all of the above rules must be observed. Let's add some causes of fire:

1. Direct influence of the flame, as well as the fallout of coals; cracks and leaks in the fireplace body.
2. Interaction of the overheated body of the device with flammable materials (wood, cardboard, paper, plywood, etc.). The fireplace is not installed in the wooden cuttings of the dwelling.
3. Use only the correct type of fuel. So, for example, coal is not burned in wood-burning fireplaces.
4. Fire of soot and soot in the chimney.
5. Cleaning soot by burning.
6. Faults in the smoke channels that are poorly visible to the eye, which lead to a violation of the tightness of the brickwork.
7. Overheating of the fireplace body, which is usually noted as a result of prolonged heating of the hearth.
8. Violation of construction and fire requirements during the installation of the chimney or its construction.
9. Inattentive attitude to fire, carelessness in the operation of the structure and the admission of children to the hearth.
10. Use of low quality foci.
11. Violation of the rules for the use and operation of heating appliances.

A cozy flame burning inside the fireplace insert can be used to ensure optimal home climate performance. But do not forget that with insufficient attention, a malfunction may occur and cause a dangerous fire in the house.

The experts of the online store "Remix" wish you that the warmth in the house is useful, and the fireplace causes only joy from its use.

The fireplace requires a fairly accurate, skilled and careful handling. Its improper operation can lead to a number of negative consequences, expressed, for example, in a decrease in the efficiency of its thermal work or a deterioration in appearance. A gross violation of the rules for operating the fireplace can even cause its destruction. Below are some tips for using your fireplace to help prevent these undesirable moments.

• It is not recommended to fire the fireplace during the first four weeks after its assembly. This time is necessary to complete the evaporation of moisture accumulated during installation. After this period, within 10 days, short-term heating (up to 40 minutes) should be carried out twice a day with a small amount of firewood. During these test fires, the blower hole (on the front of the ash pan) should be ajar.

At first, during the operation of the fireplace, a pungent smell of drying mastic or paint residues may appear. After several longer heatings, the unpleasant odor will disappear.

To facilitate the kindling of the fireplace, it is necessary to lay crumpled paper on the grate, and then chips and small firewood. After that, you should set fire to the paper and close the firebox door, while opening the blower. If you experience difficulties in kindling, you can leave the firebox door ajar for a while. You can read more about how to kindle a fireplace.

The duration of burning in the furnace from one laying of firewood can reach 5 ... 10 hours - one should not achieve an increase in combustion by overloading the furnace with fuel; The furnace must not be filled more than 2/3 of its volume.

It is necessary to load fuel in several batches. When reloading, to avoid the release of smoke into the room, keep the door ajar for a while and only then slowly open it completely.

If you have not stoked the fireplace for more than a month, kindle firewood in small batches - dampness has accumulated in the stove, cracks may form during sudden heating.

It is undesirable to fry a shish kebab, a young pig on a spit, etc. in the fireplace. - the portal splattered with fat and the smell of a cheap eatery are unlikely to face a solid fireplace.

While fuel is burning in the fireplace, try not to create drafts in the fireplace room. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the air flow into the room is sufficient for burning the fuel.

It should be borne in mind that prolonged operation of the fireplace in a slow burning mode leads to contamination of the firebox, firebox glass (if any) and the smoke channel.

During the operation of the fireplace, it is necessary to constantly ensure that the ash box is not overloaded, and clean it as it is filled, because. an overfilled ash pan prevents air from entering the grate, which can lead to smoke and a gradual cessation of combustion. At the same time, the presence of a small amount of ash and unburned coals on the grate and in the ash pan of the fireplace serves as protection against damage to these elements of the furnace, makes it easier to kindle the fireplace and avoid the appearance of brown spots on the glass.

If a niche for storing firewood is provided in the fireplace lining and air enters the furnace through it, then in order to avoid overheating of the hearth, it is necessary to prevent the niche from overflowing with firewood.

During operation, the technical condition of the smoke channels must be checked once a year to identify the condition of the internal walls of the channels and the presence of soot deposits. Periodic cleaning of smoke channels should be carried out before the start of the heating season and during the heating season at least once every two months.

Works on cleaning smoke channels require a special license or must be carried out by VDPO specialists. Tar soot can also be removed by burning well-dried aspen wood or dry potato peels.

After the end of the heating season, all elements of the cast-iron firebox should be cleaned. To do this, you can use a brush and a special paste (to protect against rust).

The fireplace can be equipped with a firebox with a fire-resistant glass door. The latter, as a rule, are equipped with a self-cleaning system, which is a narrow slot in the upper part of the door, through which air flows into the furnace, deflecting the flame from the glass. However, glass may smoke during operation. Cold firebox glass should be cleaned with a solution of caustic soda or glass-ceramic cleaner.

Mechanical impacts on glass should be avoided.

If the fireplace is not used regularly during the cold or humid season, hypothermia or dampness of the smoke channel is possible. In this case, when kindling the fireplace, some difficulties and an unpleasant smell of drying mastic may appear. With the gradual heating of the smoke channel, the draft will be restored and the unpleasant smell will disappear.

The operation of the fireplace is also affected by weather conditions. The draft in the smoke channel decreases with fog and, conversely, increases with gusty wind.

When the fireplace is finished, before closing the chimney, make sure that the wood has completely burned out.

When using the fireplace is prohibited.

Fuck how to set fire to firewood, you need to warm up the cold air a little, which is not transferable in the chimney. In order to perform this procedure, you need to insert a lit torch through the firebox into the chimney, and hold it there for several seconds. At the same time, the primary load will appear in the pipe channel and the fireplace will not smoke when the fire flares up.

All kinds of combustible materials are used as fuel for the fireplace: specialized briquettes, strawberries and ordinary firewood. For our country, the most affordable type of fuel is, of course, firewood. In addition, properly sawn logs serve as a good decorative addition to your room.

In comparison with the stove, the fireplace is more demanding on the type of firewood. You should not benefit from coniferous trees for the firebox of an open fireplace. For example, spruce, or pine, when burning, begins to “shoot”. This can cause sparks to fly out of the fireplace and, as a result, burn you or set fire to something. The most preferred hardwoods are alder, birch, and aspen. Birch has a dense wood, which, when burned, gives a beautiful, bright and very hot flame. However, a large amount of soot appears near the burning of birch firewood, and it often settles in the chimney. And you see, aspen and alder firewood are inferior to birch in terms of heat transfer, however, they are able to ash soot, which reduces the pollution of the pipe channel. As a result, the fireplace will have to be sunk with a mixture of alder and birch firewood.

1. To kindle a fireplace, you need to dispose of soft paper and small firewood and chips. Do not try to immediately ignite the older logs.

2. The fuel in the fireplace can burn from 5 to 10 hours at one load, but you should not overload the fireplace and load the firebox by more than 2/3 of its volume.

3. Plaotina are loaded in several passes to avoid smoke in the room.

4. If the fireplace has not been heated for more than a month, you should not make a big fire in it. Due to the moisture that accumulates in it, cracks may form in the masonry of the walls.

5. In (during that time the fireplace is burning, you should not make drafts in the room, but you need to take care of the normal flow of fresh air.

6. Near long-term use in a slow-burning fireplace, fuel will become clogged with soot faster.

7. When using the fireplace for a long time, it is necessary to monitor the degree of filling of the ash pan. If it is overfilled, then the air flow will be difficult and smoke is possible.

8. Rarely a year it is necessary to conduct a technical inspection of the fireplace, or rather its smoke channels. And in cases of clogging of the chimney, send a call to specialists to clean soot.

9. Chimney draft is affected by weather bets. For example, with a gusty wind, the thrust increases, and when the fog, on the contrary, decreases.

10. When using the fireplace, follow the technical safety rules and use personal protective equipment (protective gloves) and special keys for any manipulations in the furnace.

What should not be done when operating a fireplace?

2. Independently change the design of the firebox and use it in your interests for other purposes.

3. Put out the fire in the fireplace with water.

4. Do not use the recess as a drying item.

5. It is forbidden to use a faulty firebox, even with a broken or cracked protective glass.

6. Unprofitable leave the children themselves by the burning fireplace.

7. Do not clean the chimney of a hot fireplace.

8. Keep a distance of 1.5 m from the fireplace, it is forbidden to place furniture and other flammable things.

Company Pechnik How to use the fireplace

How to use the fireplace

How to properly use a fireplace

Burning for the first time

The operation of a fireplace installed with a firebox must be preceded by drying, which, depending on the humidity, can sometimes take three to five weeks. The first kindling should be light, not very hot, with a small amount of firewood. After the first kindling, a pungent smell of burning and smoke can be felt: charring and burning out of paints and binders occurs. The smell disappears after several subsequent fires. Before kindling, all dampers of the fireplace must be open. Kindling the fireplace occurs gradually, with small firewood; it is not recommended to use alcohol, gasoline, solvents and similar substances for this purpose, since this creates a risk of explosion or thermal shock due to a sharp rise in temperature, but special liquids for lighting firewood can be used.

What fuel to use?

Only permitted types of fuel must be burned in the furnace.

Dry wood =3200 kcal/kg

Wet wood = 1750 kcal/kg

Solid wood gives good heat and slow combustion. Oak, ash, birch, elm and beech are best suited for this.

Less dense wood of soft and coniferous species, on the contrary, gives more fire, but less coal and heat. This is the wood of pine, spruce, poplar and linden.

Heat of combustion of wood

A ton of dry wood gives the same calorific value as 0.4 tons of fuel oil.

The heat of combustion depends mainly on the moisture content of the wood. To turn the water contained in wood into steam, you need to spend 600 kcal per kilogram of water. That is why the heat of combustion of wood is inversely proportional to its moisture content.

The average percentage of wood moisture depending on the drying time

Prohibited fuels

Solid mineral fuel (coals and their derivatives);
Fireplace inserts are not designed to burn coal because of the danger of carbon monoxide being released and accumulated in the room, leading to severe health problems and even death.
Liquid mineral fuels: gasoline, fuel oil, solvents, used oils.
Alcohol
Wood impregnated with creosote.
Freshly cut and not dried wood.
Paper and cardboard.
Carpentry waste - shavings, sawdust.