Replacement of sub-concrete preparation. Waterproofing the foundation of a house using rolled materials. Work procedure

Water wears away stones... Groundwater is one of the most dangerous “pests” of the foundation. When freezing, the water that has soaked the concrete base expands and leads to cracks. The foundation of the building loses its properties, which affects the wear resistance of the entire building. Therefore, protection from water and moisture is mandatory.

One of the “effective” protections is roll waterproofing for the foundation. It is often used in combination with other types of materials, creating a complex barrier that prevents water from penetrating into the thickness of the foundation.

Types of insulation protection

There are two of them - vertical and horizontal.

Vertical waterproofing

Used when there is a basement or a high base. Roll insulation is used from the outside, and protects both the above-ground and underground parts. That is, to the entire height of the foundation, even before backfilling.

Horizontal waterproofing

If the humidity is insignificant, the groundwater is deep or there is no basement, you can limit yourself to horizontal protection. Which, of course, does not eliminate the need for other types of waterproofing (bitumen or, for example, penetrating - more on that below).

Horizontal insulation is carried out along the perimeter of the foundation under wall panels, brickwork or timber. Its main task is to create a barrier between moisture and walls.

If the basement is located underground, both types of protection are needed. Horizontal insulation is done at floor level and along the basement surface, and vertical insulation is done along the walls.

Types of roll waterproofing

Material requirements

There are several types, but they all must meet the following requirements:

• elasticity;
• tensile strength;
• waterproof;
• elongation at break;
• resistance to chemical influences;
• durability.

Types of insulation

• Pasted roll waterproofing for foundations. This type includes materials that require stickers: roofing felt, glass insulation, glassine... They are mounted using special glue or mastic - usually several layers.
• Weldable. This category includes materials with a polymer or bitumen layer. The name speaks for itself - before applying the insulation, this layer is heated with a burner.
• Membrane. This type not only protects the structure from external waters, but is also characterized by vapor permeability.

Preparing the foundation for waterproofing

The foundation surface must be strong and level. Rolled materials cannot be laid on sharp edges, so the latter must be rounded or dismantled. Cracks and voids are caulked with a Penecrit mixture, part of the Penetron waterproofing complex. Cracks and joints are first opened (cross-section minimum 25x25 mm) and treated with Penetron penetrating compound.

After drying, the foundation is fully treated with Penetron. The essence of penetrating insulation is the formation of a monolith of concrete with a mixture. The latter penetrates deep into the structure and, crystallizing, blocks the capillaries. The composition is capable of penetrating to a depth of 40 cm, gradually deepening to 90 cm. Apply the mixture in two layers at intervals of several hours.

If pressure leaks occur, they are sealed with quick-setting Peneplag or Waterplug compounds. After that, insulation is carried out with Penetron.

It is not necessary to wait for the finished foundation. Penetron Admix is ​​a mixture that is recommended to be added to liquid concrete in a ratio of 1:100 to cement. Admix significantly enhances the waterproofness of the foundation, increases its strength and frost-resistant characteristics.

If the base is characterized by the presence of frankly defective - porous and loose - areas, they are dismantled to the reinforcement. The latter is cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound, and the concrete is restored with the repair mixture Skrepa M500.

As waterproofing for expansion joints, you can use the PeneBand system, which includes a durable elastic tape and sealant (one- or two-component).

Before applying roll materials, the foundation is additionally covered with bitumen mastic. Sometimes, in dry areas, this is enough, but more often penetrating and bituminous insulation is used in combination with “rolls”.

The next stage is roll waterproofing for the foundation.

Installation of adhesive insulation

• a clean and durable base is primed with a special primer;
• a layer of varnish or mastic is applied to the foundation to ensure adhesion of the insulation to the foundation;
• glue several layers of roofing felt or other adhesive roll material with an overlap of about 15 cm; if both horizontal and vertical pasting are performed, the corner overlap should be at least 30 cm;
• if necessary, apply a final layer of waterproofing varnish or mastic.

Installation of fused insulation

The structure of such insulation is multi-layered: between a pair of layers of bitumen mastic there is a polymer or fiberglass base. The outer layer is distinguished by applied protection from mineral chips. The internal one is coated with a special film that prevents the strips from sticking together.

Tools you will need:

• gas burner - it is used to heat the material and weld the joints;
• a heavy roller that is used to smooth the welded insulation, getting rid of air bubbles.

The installation process boils down to heating the active layer and gluing it to the base. Fused roll waterproofing for the foundation is glued both from top to bottom and from bottom to top - along the wall. The pasted material must be ironed immediately with a roller.

After gluing, the joints are welded with a gas torch until they are completely monolithic. If installation is carried out from the bottom up along the foundation, special attention should be paid to the joints, since the slightest flaw will result in water leakage.

The minimum number of layers is two. The maximum is limited by common sense. Each subsequent layer is installed after the previous one has completely dried and with a shift of at least 250 mm.

Installation of membrane insulation

Roll waterproofing for membrane-type foundations is relatively new. The materials for vertical and horizontal protection in this case are different. For the vertical, a studded membrane is used, which evenly distributes the pressure on the foundation. The spikes are located outside and perform two functions: protective and drainage (allows storm water to flow into the drainage system). For horizontal surfaces, a smooth film is used to prevent capillary penetration of groundwater.

Vertical insulation device

• Rondels - metal elements coated with PVC - are attached to the prepared base. They allow you to install membranes using a hair dryer.
• Cut out the material, not forgetting the seam allowance - at least 10 cm.
• The membranes are attached to the rondels using spot welding. The temperature is selected experimentally, achieving high-quality welding. The joints are double welded.

Horizontal insulation device

Smooth membrane roll waterproofing for the foundation requires more careful preparation - the material is less durable. If the membrane is designed to waterproof the base of the foundation, it is rolled out onto the prepared backfill. To do this, cut off the layer of soil, level it, cover it with sand and compact the latter.

• Lay geotextiles with a density of at least 400 g/m2. The strips are laid with an overlap of 15 cm, the seams are boiled with hot air.
• A membrane film with a 10-centimeter allowance is laid on top. Welding is performed in a double seam format: a welding strip of at least 15 mm, an air pocket plus another welding strip.
• After welding, the quality of the seam is checked - by piercing the membrane, air is pumped into the weld. The latter should last for at least 20 minutes. Less time is a reason to search for a defect and eliminate it. A patch is made at the puncture site.
• Membrane roll waterproofing for the foundation is covered on top with an additional layer of geotextile - its density is already 500 g/m2.
• A film with a thickness of at least 200 microns is laid on top. Its function is to provide a sliding layer and prevent concrete from entering the pores of the geotextile. The joints are glued together with double-sided tape.

Experts will help you determine which option to choose and how to properly carry out insulation based on specific conditions. The foundation is too important to waterproof without the proper qualifications. By contacting BAZIS-Pro, you will receive answers to all your relevant questions. We will help you perform foundation waterproofing with guaranteed results.

Groundwater containing salts and acids, rain, melting snow are the worst destroyers of the foundation of any building. Moisture on the surface of brick or concrete promotes the spread of microorganisms and the formation of fungus. Water penetrating into the structure of the stone, freezing, expanding and weakening the base, and when melting, washes the filler out of the concrete. This results in subsidence, distortions, and cracks, which can ultimately lead to the collapse of the house. Properly installed roll waterproofing for the foundation, also called adhesive waterproofing, allows you to avoid such consequences.

Two types of insulation protection are used to protect a building from water penetration.

Horizontal

It is placed on the surface of the foundation under brickwork, wall panels or beams and runs along the entire perimeter of the building. Its main function is to cut off moisture from the walls. If there is no basement or the presence of dampness is insignificant, then it is enough to do only horizontal waterproofing of the foundation.

Vertical

This type is used when there is a high base or a basement, when the foundation is also the walls. In this case, the main task is to separate concrete from groundwater and precipitation.

The outer (street) side of the concrete base, not only its above-ground part, but also its underground part, must be protected from moisture. Therefore, waterproofing the foundation with rolled materials is done even before backfilling the pit and to the full height. If the basement is underground, then both types of protection must be used. Vertical waterproofing is done along the walls, and horizontal waterproofing is done at the floor level in the basement and along the surface of the plinth (120 mm above the blind area).

Material requirements

To isolate a concrete base, various types of roll waterproofing are used, but they all must meet certain requirements and have the following properties:

• tensile strength;
• elasticity;
• flexibility;
• low water absorption (except glassine);
• resistance to chemical influences;
• punching resistance;
• elongation at break;
• durability.

Rolled waterproofing materials are by far the most convenient type of protection against water. To work with them, special skills or a team of workers are not required; everything can be done with your own hands.

The most popular for this type of work is a waterproofing material based on fiberglass impregnated with bitumen-polymer mastic. One of the first places is occupied by the TechnoNIKOL trademark, which produces roofing felt, technoelast, hydroisol and stekloizol. The products it produces fully meet all requirements, are simple and easy to use, and are of good quality.

The structure of roll waterproofing is multilayer: a fiberglass or polymer base is located between two layers of bitumen mastic. The outer one is additionally protected with mineral chips, and the inner one is covered with a special film to prevent the strips from sticking together in the roll. Insulation is produced in rolls 1 wide and 10–12 meters long. It is so popular and in demand that you can buy Technonikol in any hardware store at an affordable price.

Installation method step by step

The tools needed for the job are simple and do not require any special skills. To waterproof the foundation with adhesive materials you will need:

• gas-burner; it is needed for heating and welding the joints between strips of material;
• a wooden trowel or heavy roller for smoothing the surface of the insulation for the purpose of more dense gluing and expelling air bubbles from under the roll.

Surface preparation

The base for the roll insulation needs to be cleaned of dirt and dust, bulges knocked down and recesses covered. The seams between blocks or panels must be caulked with mortar, and expansion joints must be filled with special elastic mastic to avoid the occurrence of ruptures in the coating in these places during shrinkage of the house.

If partial repairs do not level the base, then you need to make a cement screed (plaster) over its entire surface with a thickness of 10–30 mm. After the solution has dried, it is recommended to prime the entire surface with a primer (liquid bitumen mastic) to remove dust and better adhesion of the rolled material to the concrete.

Construction of a horizontal protective layer

The next stage of foundation waterproofing is gluing the fabric onto the prepared surface. To isolate the ground part of the concrete base with minimal dampness, you can use glassine or roofing felt. These materials are not as durable, but if they are subsequently protected from weathering, they will last a long time.

For underground parts or parts exposed to strong moisture, it is necessary to use TechnoNIKOL type waterproofing (for example, Stekloizol). Strips 100 mm wider than the foundation are cut from the roll and glued to bitumen mastic with an overlap of 100–150 mm at the joints along the entire perimeter of the house.

Vertical waterproofing device

This work is quite labor-intensive and cannot be done alone, but this method is the most reliable.

1. The roll is rolled out for “curing”, this will reduce the number of waves and air bubbles under the strip.

2. When using TechnoNIKOL foundation waterproofing, the rolls can be rolled out from top to bottom with overlapping strips of 150 mm, or they can be glued along the wall, starting from the bottom. Here the overlap of the upper strip onto the lower strip is made at least 100 mm.

3. The mastic should be applied immediately before gluing the roll of waterproofing material and in small areas (so that it does not have time to dry). Immediately iron the glued part with a roller or smoother to press it more tightly and expel the remaining air.

4. Upon completion of work, the joints between the strips of adhesive waterproofing must be thoroughly heated with a gas burner until the strips are completely welded. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of the seam when laying out the TechnoNIKOL roll vertically. Water flowing down will easily find any flaw in the weld and penetrate under the blade.

5. The next layer (the number can be any, but not less than two) is glued after the previous one has completely dried with a seam shift of at least 250 mm.

Some nuances

• Waterproofing must be applied continuously and evenly over the entire surface and at the joints of structures.
• You cannot use materials that destroy each other at the same time (for example, bitumen mastic and PVC film).
• In the lower part of the foundation, a transitional fillet (shoulder) is made at an angle of 45° to the wall, TechnoNIKOL is glued onto it in two layers, and the top one should be 100–150 mm longer than the bottom one.
• After installing waterproofing protection, the foundation of an already built house can be strengthened with polymer membranes.

Comparative prices for roll materials of the TechnoNIKOL brand

The cost of waterproofing materials in different stores is not the same, but it is still much lower than the prices for rolled similar products from other manufacturers.

And one more important piece of advice: you should not skimp on foundation waterproofing. If it is not possible to do it yourself, then it is worth inviting specialists. The cost of the work is negligible compared to the damage that can be caused by not protecting the foundation of the house from water.

The worst enemy of a foundation is water. It contains a huge number of microorganisms that contribute to the destruction of the foundation of the house. Penetrating into the building material and freezing, water weakens the foundation. As a result, cracks and distortions appear, leading to inevitable deformation of the structure. To protect the foundation from the negative influence of water, it is necessary to carry out work on waterproofing the foundation.

Why do you need foundation waterproofing?

It is necessary to protect the foundation from the negative influence of the aquatic environment for several reasons:

• Firstly, in the upper layers of the soil quite often there is an accumulation of moisture, which can penetrate into the foundation by capillary action or exert a certain pressure on the base. In both cases, an unprotected foundation is at serious risk.
• Secondly, water is present in a certain amount in any layer of soil. In this case, the foundation is not subject to dynamic influence, but moisture penetration in this case cannot be avoided. When water gets into the foundation and freezes, it has a destructive effect.
• Thirdly, groundwater on the site can be located close to the surface, having a negative impact not only on the foundation of the house, but also on the entire structure.
• Fourthly, water entering the soil may contain aggressive chemical compounds. This inevitably leads to destruction of the concrete base.

Types of roll waterproofing

The modern construction industry produces several types of rolled materials used for waterproofing foundations:

Types of roll waterproofing

• Pasted roll waterproofing is a waterproof material that has different compositions and is rolled into rolls. When installing this type of protection, the material is glued to the surface using bitumen mastic. Among materials of this type, roofing felt and glass insulation are especially popular.
• Fused waterproofing involves the use of a construction hair dryer or burner. These tools are necessary to soften the bitumen layer. This ensures good adhesion of the waterproofing material and the protected surface.
• A diffusion film membrane is a modern high-tech material that not only protects the foundation from moisture penetration, but also removes excess moisture from inside the room. This allows you to maintain the integrity of the foundation over time.

How to prepare a surface for waterproofing

To avoid undesirable consequences after waterproofing the foundation, a preparatory stage is needed. It involves the following actions:

• Cleaning the surface from dirt, dust, mold.
• Leveling existing unevenness and sharp edges that can cause damage to rolled materials for waterproofing.
• On a horizontal surface - making a concrete screed

Methods for installing roll waterproofing

Installation of the waterproofing layer can be carried out in several ways. This depends on the type of protection chosen.

Work to protect the foundation from moisture using pasted or fused rolled materials must be carried out in the following order:

1. The surface is treated with a special primer, which will serve as additional protection and also act as a heat insulator.
2. Apply mastic or varnish in one layer. This allows you to increase adhesion between waterproofing materials and the protected surface.
3. Lay waterproofing. In this case, it is best to lay lining roll materials in two or three layers, coating the joints of the strips with mastic. The welded waterproofing is laid in one layer, heating the material with a gas burner.
4. An additional layer of mastic or varnish must be applied on top of the waterproofing.
5. Protects the waterproofing coating. To do this, you can lay thermal insulation or brick.
6. At the end of the work, perform or.

The membrane is a relatively new material with a specific installation technology. However, there is nothing difficult in performing this process, the main thing is to follow certain rules:

• Waterproofing of the vertical surfaces of the foundation is carried out using a profiled membrane, which has protrusions in the form of spikes on one side. This structure evenly distributes pressure on the base of the house. In addition, the outer studded side contributes to the condensation of moisture and its release into the drainage.
• To fasten the profiled membrane, special metal elements coated with PVC are used. The fasteners are mounted on the surface of the foundation, and the waterproofing is fastened using a special construction heat gun.
• For waterproofing horizontal planes, it is recommended to use a smooth membrane. It prevents moisture from rising through the pores of concrete. The smooth membrane is laid on the foundation with an overlap. A construction hair dryer is also used to weld joints.

Vertical waterproofing

The process of vertical waterproofing is not complicated, but labor-intensive. Therefore, you will need an assistant for the job. All actions are performed in the following order:

1. The rolled material must be rolled out to straighten it. This will reduce the formation of air bubbles during installation.
2. Waterproofing can be glued vertically from bottom to top, maintaining an overlap of strips of 15 cm. It is allowed to stick the material along the foundation walls. In this case, installation also begins from below, but the overlap in this case can be reduced to 10 cm. The same principles are observed when using built-up waterproofing.
3. The glued strip of waterproofing material must be ironed using a roller or a special iron. This will allow the material to be pressed more tightly to the surface and the remaining air to be expelled. After all vertical planes of the foundation are protected, the joints of the strips are heated well with a gas burner to completely bond the waterproofing strips.
4. To apply the next layer, you must wait until the previous one has dried. In this case, it is important to move the seams at a distance of at least 25 cm.

Horizontal waterproofing

Horizontal waterproofing
foundation

To waterproof horizontal surfaces, perform the following steps:

• The working surface is covered with a layer of sand and leveled.
• Geotextiles are laid on top of the sand layer, stacking the sheets on top of each other by 15 cm.
• Then the waterproofing is laid, maintaining an overlap of up to 10 cm between the sheets. The waterproofing material is welded using a construction hair dryer.
• An additional layer of geotextile is placed on top of the membrane.
• The final stage will be laying polyethylene and installing a concrete screed.

Waterproofing a monolithic foundation

• The surface is carefully leveled using a cement-sand screed.
• After the screed has dried, a layer of bitumen mastic is applied.
• A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of it.

You can waterproof the foundation with your own hands; to do this, you must follow the work technology. In addition, there are some nuances that help improve the quality of waterproofing:

• Waterproofing must be continuous and uniform both on the surface and at the joints of structural elements.
• It is not recommended to use materials that can destroy each other when interacting.
• After installing the waterproofing, you can provide additional protection with a polymer membrane.

High-quality waterproofing of the foundation using rolled materials will ensure its reliable and long-term operation, making the entire constructed structure durable and safe.

IKOPAL ULTRANAP is a multilayer bitumen-polymer roll material. SBS-modified bitumen binder is applied to a base with reinforcing polyester non-woven fiber. The bottom layer is a low-melting polymer film, which simplifies the installation of the waterproofing sheet. Fine-grained quartz coating on top. There is a plastic film along the edge of the top and bottom, which prevents the material from sticking together.

IKOPAL ULTRANAP is used for waterproofing underground and buried structures for various purposes, external insulation of wells, hydraulic structures, storm drains, foundations, including shallow strip foundations, etc. It protects the structure at different depths of groundwater and prevents the penetration of capillary moisture. Can be successfully used in combination with coating waterproofing.

Material structure

The bitumen-polymer membrane IKOPAL ULTRANAP is suitable for use in all climatic zones of Russia. The service life exceeds 30 years.

Physical and technical characteristics

	The value of the indicator according to specifications
Width, mm	1000
Length, m	10
Weight 1 m², kg	5
Tensile tensile strength, N, not less	900 (11301)
Heat resistance for 2 hours, at temperature, °C, not less	110
Flexibility on a beam with a rounded radius of 25 mm at a temperature of °C, not higher	-30
Binder brittleness temperature according to Fraas, °C, not higher	-40
Waterproof pressure: - 0.2 MPa for 24 hours; - 0.5 MPa for 6 hours	no signs of water penetration
Water absorption by mass, no more	1 (0,03*)

(*) - results of tests of materials in the branch of OJSC TsNIIS Research Center "Tunnels and Subways".

Preparation of the insulated surface and roll waterproofing

The surface on which the material will be laid must be cleared of debris, dust, soil, and ensure that it is level and well-dried. If there are cracks, potholes and other irregularities, they need to be repaired. It is also necessary to eliminate protruding parts, for example, reinforcement cage.

Note! Installation of bitumen-polymer materials IKOPAL ULTRANAP in open areas cannot be carried out in any precipitation.

When installing waterproofing using the fusion method, it is important to remove all contaminants from the insulated surface of the foundation (for example, oil stains, cement laitance). To do this, you can use sandblasting, after which you need to remove dust from the surface.

Before starting work, the polymer membrane must be rolled out and allowed to rest for several hours to level. Also remove the protective anti-adhesive polyethylene film from the roll material. For high-quality installation, before carrying out work in the cold season, the membrane must first be kept at a temperature of about 15°C for 24 hours and rewound.

Waterproofing with IKOPAL ULTRANAP roll materials in the underground part of buildings is carried out:

1. Free laying method.
2. By fusing method.
3. A combination of free laying and fusing.

Waterproofing by free-laying method

Advice. When installing using the free-laying method on a foundation slab, it is recommended to first lay a layer of geotextile fabric with a surface density of 300 g/m². Geotextiles are laid with an overlap of 100 cm along all edges. On vertical surfaces, the top edge is mechanically secured.

For free lay installation you will need:

1. Hot air welding machine or gas torch - for welding seams.
2. Seaming machine - for processing longitudinal overlap seams.
3. Stitching roller - for processing end overlap seams.

The procedure for carrying out work on horizontal surfaces:

1. Lay the membrane with an overlap of 10 cm. Joints along the length should be offset by 1 m from adjacent rolls.
2. Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welder, then roll them.
3. To seal the seams on top, it is recommended to fuse IKOPAL bandage tape and also roll it.

The procedure for carrying out work on vertical surfaces:

1. Lay the waterproofing in successive rows from bottom to top, rolling out the sheet vertically. The overlap along the edges of the canvases is 10 cm.
2. At a distance of 5 cm from the top edge, mechanically secure the rolled bitumen-polymer membrane with a metal strip with dimensions 4 x 40 x 600 mm. Secure the strip with self-tapping screws or dowel nails in increments of up to 25 cm.
3. Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welding machine, from bottom to top, rolling with a roller.
4. Install the next highest row of waterproofing sheet with an overlap of 20 cm on the previous one. Move adjacent rows of fabric so that there are no cross-shaped joints.
5. If the canvas is laid on a vertical surface higher than 3.5 m, then it must be additionally secured with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails) every 3-3.5 m.
6. To eliminate leaks on the mounting metal strips, fuse a bandage tape with an overlap of 10 cm, rolling it with a roller.
7. To seal the seams, also fuse bandage tape onto them, rolling it with a roller as necessary.
8. Secure the material above ground level to the wall of the building with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails). Apply bandage tape to the metal strip that overlaps the wall to prevent moisture penetration. Roll it with a roller.

The bitumen-polymer membrane can also be laid using the free method for additional waterproofing of the blind area. Crushed stone and a sand cushion are poured onto the membrane, on which any coating is then laid.

Carrying out work using the fusion method

Advice. Before fusing the ULTRANAP roll material onto the insulated surface, it is recommended to apply a primer. Fusing should begin after it has completely dried.

When fusing rolled waterproofing for the foundation, you will need a gas burner.

Work order:

1. Fuse the fabric with an overlap of 10 cm. The joints along the length of the rolled material should be staggered with an offset of adjacent rolls by 1 m.
2. Lay the second layer similarly to the first, with offset overlaps relative to the seams of the first layer.
3. When installing on vertical surfaces, fuse from bottom to top, excluding cross-shaped joints. If necessary, secure the waterproofing sheet with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails). To seal metal strips, fuse banding tape over them with an overlap of 10 cm.
4. Secure the material above ground level to the wall of the building with edge strips or metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel nails).

Note! When properly fusing rolled waterproofing (or when welding seams), the bitumen mass should flow out evenly 5-10 mm along the edge of the sheet.

Waterproofing the underground part of buildings and structures

Depending on the specifics of the construction of the pit fencing, the underground part of buildings and structures can be waterproofed using the method of free laying of a bitumen-polymer membrane:

• With fastening to the walls of the building - to create a water barrier if the wall is not adjacent to the enclosing structure of the pit, as well as in pits with slopes with a slope.
• With fastening to the enclosing structure - if the wall is adjacent to the enclosing structure of the pit.

Being the basis of any building structure, the foundation must be reliable and durable. And having direct contact with the ground, it is constantly subject to water saturation, therefore, to protect the base of the building from moisture penetration, it should be ensured with high-quality waterproofing.

Regardless of whether he begins to deal with insulation himself or invites specialists, the owner of the future structure must understand its types and know what materials for foundation waterproofing better to use. We will now try to consider these questions.

Waterproofing classification

Depending on the type of exposure to water, waterproofing can be:

• free-flow (infiltration)– for protection from wet soil;
• anti-pressure– for groundwater retention;
• anticapillary– from the penetration of moisture (rain, for example) through the structure.

Depending on the type of work performed, it can be open(materials are used outside the structure) and closed(internal coating or introduction of additives).

According to the method of applying materials, they are divided into horizontal and vertical waterproofing.

Depending on the underlying methods of the device, this protection may be gluing, painting (coating) and plastering. There are also additional methods, such as penetrating, geomembrane, suture and etc.

The choice of waterproofing system (methods and materials) is determined by the purpose and features of the structures, as well as the nature of the impact of water.

Types of waterproofing materials

All used today for foundation waterproofing materials can be divided into traditional (rolled and mastic) and penetrating substances, which are made using mineral raw materials. General information about them can be presented as follows:

Coating (painting) materials	Bituminous	All kinds of solutions and emulsions, polymer and asphalt mastics; used for anti-capillary waterproofing
	Mineral	Fine-grained cement mortars with various additives; can be used for anti-capillary and anti-pressure waterproofing
	Polymer	They are created from resins to which plasticizers, fillers, hardeners, etc. are added.
Pasting materials	Rolled materials that are glued to the surface using bitumen or other mastic are used for anti-filtration and anti-capillary protection
Plastering materials	Mineral cement mortars with additives

Coating waterproofing

This type of protection is applied to the surface of the foundation and is selected depending on the physical structure of the soil in which it is laid. For soils with a predominance of sand, as a rule, anti-capillary (light) waterproofing is used, and if clay or loam predominates, anti-pressure (medium and heavy) waterproofing is used.

Bitumen solutions and emulsions, bitumen-polymer (for example, Slavyanka and Bitumast) and asphalt mastics, which are easily applied to the prepared foundation surface, are successfully used as light insulation. Bitumen resin is the cheapest material for coating waterproofing, which will last about 5 years. The service life of coating waterproofing is significantly increased by the use of bitumen-polymer mastics applied hot and cold.

Mineral waterproofing in the form

- cement mortars and concretes,

- silicate paints,

— liquid glass acid-resistant putties

Contains additives to improve water resistance, elasticity and adhesion. It creates a shell (hard or elastic) that can be both anti-capillary and anti-pressure. Based on mineral raw materials, penetrating materials that are very popular today are made (for example, the “Hydrotex” mixture), the chemical components of which penetrate into the porous structure of the structure and fill the pores with crystalline hydrates. Such mixtures are characterized by:

• excellent physical and mechanical properties;
• the ability to create a reliable waterproof barrier;
• possibility of use on both sides (internal and external) of the structure;
• ease of use;
• environmentally friendly components.

Polymer (epoxy primers and mastics) and polymer-cement (Ceresit CR 65 mixture) waterproofing materials can have different consistencies - hard or liquid.

Coating insulation can be applied using construction floats and spatulas or by spraying. In areas of possible cracking, these materials can be reinforced with reinforcing fiberglass mesh or various technical fabrics.

Pasted waterproofing

This type of anti-filtration and anti-capillary protection is effective for structures with a basement or ground floor and located in areas where the groundwater level is significant. For it, roll materials are used (hydroizol, roofing felt, brizol, etc.), gluing them to the surface using mastics or by fusing (heating with a gas burner). Widely used today foundation waterproofing like this welded materials, How

- isoplast,

- isoelast,

- aquaizol,

— mostoplast,

- bikroplast,

- helastopley,

- ecoflex,

- technoelast,

which are more expensive than roofing felt, but have higher performance characteristics.

Pasted waterproofing can be used separately and in addition to the coating method. It is characterized by good adhesion (bonding of materials), water resistance and crack resistance, but requires screeds, pressure walls and other protective structures.

Plaster waterproofing

These waterproofing coatings, made from bitumen-polymer cement mixtures, can be used in conditions of low water load. To increase the water resistance of these mixtures, they add:

- polymer concrete,

— asphalt mastics and solutions (hot and cold),

- cast asphalt, etc.

The disadvantage of this waterproofing is its increased cracking and the need to apply asphalt waterproofing using a hot method.

A little about vertical and horizontal waterproofing

Vertical waterproofing should be located from the base of the foundation to the upper limit of splashing rainwater and protect the walls of the building from lateral inflow of water. For it, you can use various materials individually or several in combination with each other, which depends on the individual characteristics of construction.

Vertical protection is easier to create, but the absence of horizontal protection is a serious violation of building rules, because it protects the walls from capillary absorption of moisture and is a barrier to groundwater. Carrying out horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, materials use different ones. The most common of them are rolled ones (for example, roofing felt), which are applied hot or cold to the surface of the foundation slabs and under the ceiling of the basement, if there is one.

The technology for protecting a building structure from moisture requires the performer to have certain knowledge and practice. Wanting to create DIY foundation waterproofing, materials you can already choose using the proposed classification. And after consulting with specialists, you can begin to gain first experience. Good luck to you in this matter.