The meaning of the pea jester in the reference book on phraseology. Why the clown? Pea jester meaning

Pea jester Simple. Neglected 1. An empty, stupid, narrow-minded person who serves as a laughing stock for everyone. [ Dosuzhev:] I have now devoted myself entirely to the benefit of humanity. [Young man:] Enough! I know you: you are a fool! What benefit can you provide to humanity! Do you have some fun on your mind?(A. Ostrovsky. Hard days). 2. An abusive expression addressed to a person despised. 3. An old-fashioned, tasteless, funny dressed man. - Do me a favor and call the village tailor to come to me. He will sew Russian clothes for you and me. You're a fool(Tynyanov. Kyukhlya).

Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008.

Synonyms:

See what “Pea Jester” is in other dictionaries:

a fool- Cm … Synonym dictionary

a fool- JOKE, ah, m. Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

a fool- (reversible, podnovinsky) (foreign. abusive) joker, funny, merry fellow by vocation or craft Wed. This self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in the eyes of the men he was still something of a fool. Turgenev. Fathers and Sons. 27. Wed… … Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary

a fool- Jester is a pea (reversible), Podnovinsky (foreign language) joker, funny, merry fellow by vocation or craft. Wed. This self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in the eyes of (the men) he was still something of a fool.... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

a fool- see pea... Dictionary of many expressions

a fool- Razg. 1. A simple-minded person, an eccentric who is a universal laughing stock. 2. A funny, ugly or old-fashioned dressed person. FSRY, 536; BMS 1998, 641; ZS 1996, 371; BTS, 221, 1508 ... Large dictionary of Russian sayings

a fool- 1. an empty person, an eccentric who serves as a universal laughing stock; 2. simple. an abusive expression addressed to someone; 3. a funny, ugly or old-fashioned dressed person. Initially, it was a scarecrow in a field sown with peas. There were once rituals associated with peas... Phraseology Guide

Jester- Jester, fool, husband. 1. In ancient times, a person at a manor’s house or palace, whose duties included entertaining gentlemen and guests with funny antics. Court jester. The lordly jester. 2. Comic character in ancient comedies, farcical performances,... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

PEA- PEA, pea, pea. 1. adj. to peas. Pea pod. Pea field (sown with peas). || Made from peas. Pea jelly. 2. The color of peas is grayish yellow with a green tint. ❖ Pea coat (pre-revolutionary) secret... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

pea- a fool. Dictionary of Russian synonyms and similar expressions. under. ed. N. Abramova, M.: Russian Dictionaries, 1999. pea greenish gray Dictionary of Russian synonyms ... Synonym dictionary

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The Russian language, famous for its figurativeness, is full of idioms used by everyone. We understand the modern meaning of such phrases as “the buffoon” or “places not so remote,” but where did they come from and what do they really mean?

1. Where did the expression “goal like a falcon” come from?

When a person is extremely poor, they may say about him: “He’s as naked as a falcon.” The falcon (with emphasis on the second syllable) here is not a bird, but an ancient battering weapon that was used in the siege of fortresses. It was smooth-hewn wood or cast iron, without protruding parts, which is why it was called bare.

2. What wish for a good journey has become synonymous with the phrase “get out”?

Initially in Rus', especially in conditions of bad roads, the expression “Good riddance!” was a wish for a good journey, clean and smooth. Later, the meaning of the phraseological unit changed significantly: to say this means to make it clear to the interlocutor that no one is holding him here.

3. Where did the expression “The Fool of a Pea” come from?

Since the times of Ancient Rome, the accessory of clowns was a rattle made from a bull's bladder, into which peas were poured. In the medieval theater, jesters beat other actors and even spectators with such a rattle. When the tradition reached Rus', our buffoons began to additionally decorate themselves with pea straw, hence the expression “pea buffoon” became entrenched in the language.

4. What did Alexey Mikhailovich mean when he wrote: “Time for business, time for fun”?

The expression “Time for business, time for fun” was first used in a collection of falconry rules, published at the direction of Alexei Mikhailovich. The Tsar personally made this postscript to the preface, meaning that time should be devoted to both work and fun - rest. Moreover, the word “hour” is used here not in the sense of 60 minutes, but as a synonym for the very concept of “time” to avoid repetition.
Nowadays, this proverb is often interpreted literally: much more time should be devoted to work than to entertainment.

5. Where did the expression “like plywood over Paris” come from?
The expression “Like plywood over Paris” has been found in literary sources since the mid-1970s. Most likely, it owes its appearance to the 1975 film “The Balloonist,” a biographical drama about wrestler and circus performer Ivan Zaikin, who decided to give up everything and become an aviator. He goes to study in Paris, and in one episode he manages to take to the skies in a plywood airplane. The film ends with a plane crash and other misfortunes for the main character.

6. Where did the expression “sucks in the pit of your stomach” come from?

Previously, the depression under the ribs above the xiphoid process of the sternum was called the “spoon”. This word itself has not been preserved in the language, but is used in the expressions “sucks in the pit of the stomach” and “pinches in the pit of the stomach” when we talk about an unpleasant feeling when hungry or excited.

7. Where did the expression “pull the gimp” come from?

Gold or silver thread, which in the old days was used to embroider decorations on clothes, is called gimp. To get it, you had to pull out the metal wire with pliers for a long time. This is where the expressions “to drag on” and “to procrastinate” came from in the sense of doing boring, monotonous work or delaying the completion of some task.

8. Where did the expression “The smoking room is alive” come from?

In the old days in Rus', among other things, children played “smoking room”. A burning splinter was passed around in a circle, and the one in whose hands it went out was considered the loser. During the game you had to chant: “The Smoking Room is alive, alive, alive, alive, not dead!” It is from here that the expression “The smoking room is alive” arose, which can be used in relation to a person who is in good health and continues to do his business, although they thought about him that he had already disappeared somewhere or died.

9. Where did the expression “places not so distant” come from?

In pre-revolutionary Russian legislation there were two categories of exile: “to remote places in Siberia” and “to not so remote places in Siberia.” The second phrase has turned from an official term into an allegorical phrase. Now, when talking about prison, we often use the expression “places not so remote.”

10. What is the original meaning of the expression “The exception proves the rule?”

The expression “The exception confirms the rule” is in most cases used in a completely different sense from the original one. The phrase is of Latin origin: " Exceptio probat regulam in casibus non exceptis", it was first used by the ancient Roman orator Cicero. In translation, it is the second part of the phrase that is important: the exception confirms the existence of a general rule where these exceptions are not specified. For example, a road sign that says “No Parking on Sundays” implies a rule that allows parking on other days.

11. Why did the Indians at one time intensively breed cobras, and then suddenly stop?

Once, during the colonial occupation in India, the British decided to reduce the number of cobras that had bred, for which they announced a reward for their heads. The local population rushed to destroy the snakes, thereby reducing their number, but then, on the contrary, switched to breeding them for easy money. After the rewards were cancelled, the Indians released the remaining cobras into the wild, causing the snake population to only increase from its original value.

Since then, the expression “cobra effect” has been attached to any actions aimed at solving a problem, but as a result making it worse.

12. Where did the expression “topsy-turvy” come from?

During the time of Ivan the Terrible in Rus', one of the signs of a nobleman’s dignity was an embroidered collar, which was called a “shivorot”. If any boyar was subjected to the royal wrath and disgrace, he was usually placed on a skinny nag with his back forward, having first turned his clothes inside out. Since then, the expression “topsy-turvy” has been firmly established in the meaning of “on the contrary, wrong.”

13. Why do they say about a lucky man that he was born wearing a shirt?

When a person is lucky, they say that he was born in a shirt. The word “shirt” in this expression appeared not so long ago, but before it was pronounced as “to be born in a shirt,” and it had a purely practical meaning. The fact is that a shirt was called not only clothing, but also the amniotic sac in which the child is located during pregnancy. Sometimes during childbirth this bubble does not burst, and the child is born in it, which, according to superstitious beliefs, promises him happiness and luck in life.

14. Where did the expression “China's final warning” come from?

In the 1950s and 1960s, American aircraft often violated Chinese airspace for reconnaissance purposes. The Chinese authorities recorded every violation and each time sent a “warning” to the United States through diplomatic channels, although no real action followed them, and such warnings were counted in the hundreds. This policy has given rise to the expression “China's final warning,” meaning threats without consequences.

15. Why are newspapers with sensational news called yellow press?

The term "yellow press" originated in the United States at the end of the 19th century. By this time, two newspapers had gained great popularity - the New York World and the New York Journal, which relied not on conventional news coverage, but on presenting readers with sensations and emotional presentation of material. In 1895, the New York World began publishing comics by Richard Outcalt, full of satire and caustic commentary on politics, the main character of which was a boy in a yellow shirt. A year later, Outcalt was lured to the New York Journal, and now both newspapers began publishing similar comics.
That is why journalists from more serious publications called such newspapers yellow.

16. Where did the “High Five!” greeting come from?

The word “metacarpus” used to be used to describe the hand or palm. There was also a greeting expression “Give me five!”, which was later shortened by one letter and transformed into “Give five!” The shortened phrase supposedly gained particular popularity due to similar idioms in the English language “High five!” and “Give me five!”

17. Why do photographers say: “A bird is about to fly out!”?

Previously, photographers, in order for all the children in a group photo to look into the lens, would say: “Look here! Now the bird will fly out!” This bird was quite real at the beginning of the era of mass photography - although not alive, but brass.
In those days, cameras were far from perfect, and to get a good picture, people had to freeze in one position for several seconds. To attract the attention of restless children, the photographer’s assistant at the right moment raised a shiny “bird”, which also knew how to make trills.

18. Where did the expression “hang all the dogs” come from?
When a person is accused of something, you can hear the expression: “They hang all the dogs on him.” At first glance, this phrase is completely illogical. However, it is not associated with an animal at all, but with another meaning of the word “dog” - burdock, thorn - now almost never used.

19. Where did the expression “To the wrong steppe” come from?

In the operetta “Wedding in Malinovka,” one of the characters playfully distorted the name of the two-step dance, calling it “To that steppe.” Hence, the expression “to the wrong steppe” spread among the people, meaning “to go in the wrong direction” or “to speak out of place.”

20. Where did the expression “raspberry ringing” come from?

The expression “raspberry ringing,” which refers to the melodious singing of bells, has nothing to do with the robin bird or the raspberry, but comes from the name of the Belgian city of Mechelen (or Malines in French transcription). This city is considered the European center of bell casting and music. The first Russian carillon (a musical instrument for playing a melody on several bells), ordered by Peter I in Flanders, corresponded to the Mechelen standard.

21. Why should the expression “return to one’s native Penates” be pronounced differently?

The popular expression “return to one’s native land,” meaning a return to one’s home, to the hearth, is more correctly pronounced differently: “return to one’s native land.” The fact is that the Penates are the Roman guardian gods of the hearth, and each family usually had images of two Penates next to the hearth.

22. Which idiom in many European languages corresponds to the Russian expression “white crow”?

An analogue of the Russian expression “white crow” in many European languages is the idiom “black sheep”. Although if we call a black sheep simply an exceptional member of society, then by calling a person a black sheep, Europeans also hint at the undesirability of such a member being in society. In this sense, the idiom is close to another Russian expression - “black sheep”.

23. Where did the expression “on the sly” come from?

The word sape means "hoe" in French. In the 16th–19th centuries, the term “sapa” was used to denote a method of digging a trench, ditch or tunnel to approach fortifications. Gunpowder bombs were sometimes placed in tunnels to castle walls, and specialists trained to do this were called sappers. And from secretive digging of mines came the expression “slyly,” which today is used to denote careful and unnoticed actions.

24. What expression about a futile task was literally carried out by medieval monks?

The expression “pounding water in a mortar,” which means doing a useless task, has a very ancient origin - it was used by ancient authors, for example, Lucian. And in medieval monasteries it had a literal character: guilty monks were forced to pound water as punishment.

25. Where did the expression “the business burnt out” come from?
Previously, if a court case disappeared, the person could not be legally charged. Cases often burned down: either from fire in wooden court buildings, or from deliberate arson for a bribe. In such cases, the accused said: “The case has burned out.” Today this expression is used when we talk about the successful completion of a major undertaking.

The funny expression “buffoon” is interpreted in dictionaries as follows: “an empty person, an eccentric who serves as a laughing stock for everyone.” This is also what they call a ridiculously dressed person.

We are used to using these words to describe a person's goofy behavior. The same meaning was put into them 200 years ago, but more often they said “booth jester, area jester, striped jester, reverse jester, Podnovinsky jester and Balakirev jester.” Nowadays, the “pea jester” is popular. I wonder why? Why the buffoon is understandable, but why the pea?

The roots of this expression go back to the Middle Ages and open up a whole layer of people's lives. Then in the Old Russian language the concept of “joke” was very different from the modern one. Humor then was very brutal and was based on creating comic situations. To keep the nobility from getting bored, there was a position of court jester. His task was to create situations that could entertain and make people laugh. One of the main jokes was the loud release of farts, which greatly amused the unsophisticated audience of medieval Russian courts. To be in constant combat readiness, the jester consumed peas in huge quantities.

The gentlemen were dying of laughter, shouting with their mouths full: “You are a buffoon!!!” , meaning, of course, “pea soup”...
The Middle Ages and Europe respected such humor. And there they loved pea soup very much, they called it “fun soup”. It was eaten by professional “joker soup makers” before performing for kings and feudal lords. The masterly acoustic performance caused genuine fun there too...

But in fact, the expression “pea buffoon” appeared even earlier. This jester was a scarecrow in a field sown with peas. And he had several names: pea jester, pea scarecrow and stuffed pea.
And then this name began to be given to people who entertained the public. And then to those who make others laugh not on purpose.

The booth jester behaves as in a booth, the square one - like a buffoon performing in the square, the striped one - in clothes made from different pieces of material, the reverse one - in clothes inside out, the Podnovinsky one - with patches in prominent places, and the balakirev one - lined with patches from the inside. And a pea was a jester who stuck out among the crowd, like a scarecrow in a pea field.
It turns out that from time immemorial beliefs and images have been associated with peas, the meaning of which is now forgotten. During Christmas fun, for example, among others there was a mummer wrapped in pea straw. And at the end of Maslenitsa they carried around a straw effigy of a pea jester, resembling a woman with flowing hair. The buffoons also decorated themselves with pea straw.

Participants in cult games from an even earlier period of history walked around wrapped from head to waist in pea straw and harassed those they met. These jesters were sacred, and in the fall everything was allowed to them. People believed in the magic of peas.

Today, “the jester” is said about those who are always in high spirits and entertain those around them with an endless stream of jokes and anecdotes. It’s as if such people were born to clownery; it would never even occur to anyone that they could be sad.

But psychologists say that jokes often hide deep feelings and inner discomfort of a person. The image of a jester helps a person compensate for excessive vulnerability, shyness, and low self-esteem, and a joke relieves tension. It’s hard to believe, but “buffoonery” can be one of the symptoms of depression, when a person needs the support of others, and they say, “He’s a buffoon!”...

PEA Jester

Key words: phraseology, semantics, etymology, mythology, dialects.

In the linguistic literature, various versions have already been put forward about the origin of the expression pea jester, for example, one of the latest: “... indirectly, in a secondary rapprochement, the pea jester is associated with Tsar Gorokh: the figure of a witty jester with a monarch is too popular for associations of this kind were not possible." Some of them are presented in the Dictionary of Russian Phraseology. These versions connect the origin of the phraseological unit with mythology (the jester is the god, the patron of garden vegetables), and with ritual practice (mummers shrouded in pea straw), and even with the Greek saying pea Dionysus.

However, it seems that not everything was taken into account in all etymological interpretations. The semantic connection of this phraseological unit with other expressions is quite obvious. Thus, in the Dictionary of the Modern Russian Literary Language, the idiom pea jester is even placed in the same dictionary entry with the idioms stuffed animal, scarecrow pea and has a common interpretation with them: “about a person, absurdly, ugly dressed, having an ugly

molded look"; “about a frivolous, worthless person, a universal laughing stock, an eccentric.”

In Russian dialects, the use of phraseological units that are very close in meaning is recorded: the pea miracle “disapproved.” about a human" ; Zabolotskoye stuffed animal “someone is ugly, unattractive”; hung a pea "a clumsy, awkward person." All these phraseological units are characterized by the presence of a similar complex of constant semantic elements: “stand out from the series”, “laughter”, “absurdity / unusualness (appearance, behavior, clothing)”, “disapproving mode”.

Also noteworthy is the unity of the structural-semantic model underlying all these phraseological units. This allows us to say that we may be faced with the fact of objectification and categorization of the same fragment of reality by means of language.

The etymological version of the mythological and ritual origin of the pea jester does not explain the presence of negative connotations in the meaning of these phraseological units. Buffoons, jesters, and mummers in carnival Yuletide and Maslenitsa festivities caused laughter and surprise, including their unusual appearance and behavior, symbolizing the victory of life over death. It is no coincidence that they were shrouded in pea straw, a symbol of the miracle of nascent life, fertility, and family. These characters were supposed to create a joyful mood, being an expression of the folk carnival mode.

The etymology of the expressions scarecrow/pea scarecrow/garden scarecrow is quite confidently determined by correlation with a device for scaring away birds. Indeed, at first approximation, the internal form of this phraseological unit is transparent: the image of a scarecrow / scarecrow, which is installed in a garden or in a field (pea) to intimidate thieves or birds, becomes the basis for a metaphorical characterization of a person. The dialect expression hung pea “a clumsy, awkward person” seems to confirm this version, since hung in the literal meaning - “a device of poles placed on stakes for drying hay, flax, peas”, which brings together hanged and scarecrow as names of poles with rags hung on it, including in the form of a human figure. However, the scarecrow does not scare anyone, but rather causes carnival laughter.

Thus, a certain contradiction arose in the etymological interpretation: the jester and the scarecrow/scarecrow, with close semantics, turned out to be poorly motivated motivationally, on the one hand, and on the other, internally contradictory: the scarecrow/scarecrow should frighten, but for some reason it’s funny, the jester should make you laugh, but for some reason we condemn. This was reflected in lexicographic practice: phraseological units were described in

different dictionary entries, and for each of them their own etymological versions were developed.

To be fair, it must be said that the phraseological unit pea jester (as the name of a mummer shrouded in pea straw) could have received a negative connotation due to the influence of the Christian value system, where the attitude towards any pagan phenomenon and, accordingly, pagan characters has a sharply negative mode. However, the question still remains: where does the funny, carnival image of the scarecrow and its semantic closeness with the jester come from?

Perhaps the expression clown of a pea, as well as the expressions scarecrow / miracle / hung / scarecrow pea, scarecrow garden / zabolotskoe are related to punishment for violating the prohibition of picking before the deadline / stealing vegetables. In the Russian North, such a “shameful” punishment is known: “...they strip him naked, wrap the removed clothes around his head and lead him by the arms along the village. In this case, anyone can hit the offender, which, however, is not allowed, but is limited to just laughter”; “In the Vologda province, the day of Ivan Lenten is otherwise called the “turnip holiday”, since before this day it is “ordered” to eat turnips, and the strips sown with it must remain inviolable, under pain of “shameful” punishment<...>It consists in the fact that anyone who is caught in the repishka before Midsummer's Day - be it a man, a woman, a boy or a girl - will certainly be stripped naked, clothes wrapped around his head, and in this form they will be led along the village street. At the same time, those who wish are even given the right to beat the person being punished, although in practice no one uses this right, and everyone limits themselves to laughter and jokes.”

Such violators were often children, which, it seems, also excluded the severity of the punishment: “A frequent child crime is going to peas and turnips until a certain time until it is allowed to “pinch them” (permission for peas is given from Ilya’s day.. , on turnips - from Midsummer)." Let us add: indeed, many vegetables in Russian culture (turnips, onions, cabbage, peas, etc.) are conceptually associated with theft, which is reflected in sayings, for example: Our peas are every enemy - everyone plucks them; Peas and turnips are an enviable thing: whoever goes, snatches them; The pea thief: brought water, but left; Turnips and peas are sown for thieves, etc.

It should be noted here that in the system of symbols of traditional culture, the images of many vegetables have common conceptual features, which is expressed in language, in particular, in naming. Thus, the day of the Transfiguration of the Lord (Apple Savior) in the Russian North was called the Pea Feast, the day of the Beheading of John the Baptist (Ivan Lent) was called the Turnip Feast. The seasonal proximity of these holidays is reflected in the fact that in some Northern Russian traditions the Transfiguration is associated not only with peas, but

and with turnips, for example: In the past, it was forbidden to pick turnips until the Transfiguration; as soon as they sing the turnips, then it’s possible. You can’t eat peas, they didn’t allow it until some day, you have to sing the peas as if.

Peas and turnips can equally participate in the description of the same objects and phenomena, for example, stars in riddles: We have a basket of turnips outside the window / I’ll look out the window, spread the matting, sow peas, etc. Turnip and pea fields are turnips and pea - in folk culture, loci that have similar characteristics, for example, a flower can grow there, by eating which you can gain knowledge of what is on everyone’s mind, or become invisible. This allows us to consider the component of the phraseological unit pea not as a relative adjective associated directly with peas, but as an expression of “ideas of a vegetable, plant.” Hence, it is quite logical for the variant garden scarecrow to appear with an adjective that has a generalized meaning. Then we can assume that the ban on picking/stealing vegetables ahead of time and the punishment for violating this ban will apply not to one species, but to a whole range of cultivated plants, including peas.

The theft of vegetables, in turn, has a ritual character in folk culture: it was believed that stolen fruits or seeds would be better, larger, “more productive”, because they were taken from another, alien, symbolically from the other side of the world, which means they will and differ from ordinary fruits and seeds. As a result, we can say that such theft was almost socially sanctioned and did not entail serious condemnation, like theft of any other property, but only symbolic punishment. Therefore, it seems, garden scarecrows / scarecrows performed not so much the function of scaring away (people are not afraid of scarecrows, birds do not eat vegetables, including peas, mice and moles do not see scarecrows), but rather reminders of the prohibition of picking / stealing vegetables before their time. from the field and about the punishment that will follow for violating this prohibition. Moreover, the one who violated the ban was ridiculed, rather, not for the theft itself, but as an awkward and unlucky thief, therefore the punishment was of a funny nature; for a while this “hero” became a jester, a funny fool for the whole village.

In addition, this character caused laughter with his appearance, behavior, he was put on public display, attention was focused on him. The reason he was put “in disgrace” was because he broke a rule. In turn, an act that violates the rules was associated in folk culture with the behavior of a “stranger”: who can eat vegetables before they are drunk, i.e. will they symbolically give them the status of “human, their” food? Only a stranger. And this means that he, a jester and a scarecrow, must have signs of another world, this had to be expressed externally: he must be dressed unusually, because unusually,

He behaved in a non-human way (not like everyone else) by violating the ban. It is significant that in Northern Russian dialects, words with the root -shut- can name something that is characterized as having the worst quality, frivolous (unreal): jokey “everyday, undressy”: “A joke shirt is not very good. She went back and forth, and pulled the sundress off the joke,

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A FOOL

1) an empty person, an eccentric who serves as a universal laughing stock; 2) (simple) an abusive expression addressed to someone; 3) a funny, ugly or old-fashioned dressed person. Originally - “a scarecrow in a field sown with peas.” There were once rituals associated with peas. During the Yuletide fun, one of the characters was a mummer wrapped in pea straw. At the end of Maslenitsa, they carried a straw stuffed pea jester. The buffoons also decorated themselves with pea straw.

Handbook of phraseology. 2012

The meaning of the pea jester in the reference book on phraseology. Why the clown? Pea jester meaning

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The meaning of the pea jester in the reference book on phraseology. Why the clown? Pea jester meaning

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