Rare types of onions. Onion: types and varieties, cultivation technology

In the gardens, we grow ordinary and even less - 3-4 species. And we need more! Because they are all good for health. And many of them are very beautiful. So much so that they can be safely planted in flower beds.

Bulb onions (Allium cepa)

The most popular type of onion. Bulbs are eaten, which are white or purple, spicy or sweet. It is cultivated in a two-year culture: in the first year, black seeds are sown, in the second - sowing. Onion feathers are edible, but coarse.

Bow-batun (Allium fistulosum)

Another name is piped onion. Perennial view. It grows wild in Siberia, in culture - everywhere, except for the regions of the Far North. They grow it for the leaves - they taste like onion feathers, but more vitamin and tender.

Slime Bow (Allium nutans)

Botanical name - drooping onion. Perennial. Very cold hardy. It grows quickly, blooms beautifully and profusely with pale pink heads. Young leaves are eaten - they appear in early spring, when there is no other greenery in the garden.

chives (Allium schoenoprasum)

Perennial view. And very decorative: it is often planted in flower beds for the sake of lilac inflorescences-heads, which, by the way, are edible - they are added to salads, but leaves are most often used. Very frost-resistant, can grow even in the Far North. Other names for this species: skoroda, chisel, Siberian onion.

Allium fragrant (Allium ramosum)

This species is well known in Central Asia - it is called dzhusai there, in our country it is more often Chinese garlic. And this is no coincidence, because to taste it resembles both onion and garlic at the same time. Perennial. I use leaves for food, which are added to salads, main dishes and stew as a side dish, as well as flower arrows - they are pickled like wild garlic.
It is very unpretentious and incredibly frost-resistant - it can withstand temperatures down to -45 ° C.

Leek (Allium porrum)

They are grown for the sake of greenery, or rather, for the sake of the "leg" - a thickened stem at the base of the plant. Its taste is thinner and sweeter, and the aroma is more delicate than that of onions. Young leaves are also eaten (they become coarser with age). Annual, matures for a long time, so it is grown through seedlings. It lies perfectly in the basement all winter, and during storage, unlike other vegetables, it does not lose vitamin C.

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum)

Perennial. It forms nests of 4-10 onions, which is why it is also called the family onion. It ripens very quickly, gives high yields and keeps well. Shallot onions are small, weighing 20-50 g, with a delicate, sweetish, mild taste. It can be dried, and driven out in the spring for the sake of juicy greenery.

Cheremsha (Allium ursinum)

The second name is bear bow. It grows wild throughout Europe, but does well in gardens, provided that it is planted in the shade under trees. The leaves are used for food, which are harvested in the spring, while it is still cool - with warming they become coarse and tasteless. Their taste and smell are strong, garlicky. The plant is perennial.

Rocambole (Allium scorodoprasum)

He is the Egyptian onion, Spanish, horse and elephant garlic. Botanists call it "comb onion". Perennial. Outwardly, it looks like a leek, but, unlike it, it has large bulbs, which, like traditional garlic, are divided into cloves. Leaves and bulbs are used for food - they are less pungent than garlic, and the smell is not as sharp. The species is very fruitful - even a small garden bed can provide for a family.

Garlic (Allium sativum)

The second most popular type of onion, after onion. Yes, yes, onions! Its botanical Latin name translates as sowing onion. Perennial, but requires digging and replanting. Bulbs, leaves and flower arrows are used for food.

Farmers and greenhouses receive crops of green feathers and root crops, growing perennial onions and turnips in their areas. Vegetable producers select either well-known varieties of onions, or sow hybrids that have proven themselves well and have positive reviews. The onion seed market is vast, and each offer has its own advantages and disadvantages.

What varieties are available

Experts distinguish onion varieties according to the speed of ripening and divide them into early, middle and late types.

Important: Drought, lack of nutrients, soil compaction leads to the formation of a small bulb and its rapid dormancy, regardless of the characteristics of the planting material.

When grown from nigella, one root crop is formed in the first year of life. A plant grown from bulbs with a diameter of less than 3 cm is able to form a different number of turnips in the nest. According to this ability, onion varieties are divided into:

small nested, with the formation of 1-2 turnips;
medium nested with 2-3 root crops;
multi-celled, if more than 4 bulbs are formed.

By taste, spicy, peninsular, sweet varieties are distinguished.

Bulbs of spicy varieties contain a large amount of essential oils that give the vegetable bitterness. These root crops contain a lot of dry matter, which makes it possible for the turnip to maintain its quality characteristics for a long time. Sharp varieties of onions ripen quickly and are grown throughout Russia.

Semi-sharp onion varieties contain more moisture and sugars, which reduces their shelf life by several times. Sweet bulbs require up to 160 days to mature. They need long daylight hours. In most of Russia, this condition can be met only with the help of artificial lighting in closed ground.

Zoned varieties of onions

The State Register registers varieties traditionally used by Russians to harvest turnip.

Bessonovsky is an early ripe variety created in the Penza region. The scales have a sharp taste.

The growing season of the sevka from the first leaves to harvest is 85 days. In the Bessonovka nest, up to 5 round-flat bulbs are formed, with an average weight of 30 g.

This is an old Russian variety, the characteristics of which are known to farmers in Russia. Bessonovskaya turnip is grown from seeds or through sets. Judging by the reviews, Bessonovsky competes with new popular onion hybrids in terms of taste, keeping quality and yield.

Kaba is a late-ripening semi-sharp variety that forms no more than 2 bulbs in the nest. It is cultivated for 1 season from nigella. It takes 123 days from sowing in the ground to harvesting the turnip. A mature root crop with a cast-iron shape and a flat top has brown shades.

Krasnodar G-35 is a semi-sharp small-nested mid-ripening onion variety. Ripens in 120 days. The onion coloration of the outer scales is yellow-brown. The average weight of a round turnip is about 50 gr. It is poorly preserved.

Onion Strigunovsky - a variety of the Kursk region, capable of growing a turnip weighing 30 grams. for 1 season from seeds. It is a sharp, small-nested onion that takes 123 days to mature. Strigunovsky onion has a rounded root crop with a slight run to the neck. The color of the scales is light yellow, with a slight pink tinge. Root crops are stored until spring, retaining all the nutrients.

Important: In the second year of life, the sevok planted in the ground does not shoot and forms a head of about 200 g.

Arzamas - a variety obtained in the Nizhny Novgorod region. 3 bulbs are formed in the nest, each weighing 80 g. The crop ripens 110 days after planting.

Onion Danilovsky - an onion variety improved by the Gribov breeding station. Flat bulbs have a semi-sharp taste. This is a salad onion, the juicy scales of which are painted in a slightly purple color. The color of dry scales has a purple-red tint. Up to 3 large turnips can grow in the nest.

It happens that Danilovsky onion forms 1 large root crop weighing 200 g. To obtain medium turnips of this variety, seeds are needed, onions from which can be obtained 110 days after germination. Bulbs of 1 year of life have a weight of about 60 grams.

winter onion

Winter onions are planted to obtain early greens and root crops. Planting sevka takes place in ready-made beds in late autumn, so that it can take root, but does not grow. Such varieties of onions or hybrids are used in areas where there is a high snow cover and a short summer.

In early spring, plants begin to grow a feather, rarely give arrows. 80 days after germination, bulbs are harvested, which are stored for 3 months. It could be:

Bamberger, loving sandy soils rich in humus.

Kaoba is a powerful hybrid from the Netherlands, forming large bulbs that have a bright yellow color.
Snowball is a white bow that is resistant to the formation of arrows. It is well stored, has a medium-sized turnip, sweet pulp.
Senshui Yelou Glob, which gives a high percentage of germination of planting material after overwintering in the ground. It survives Siberian frosts well. It forms a bulb of a flat, rounded shape of a golden-bronze color.

Elan is an ultra-early variety. It was created by Kuban breeders. Root crops ripen in early June. Onions form bulbs on a short day, which contributes to the ripening of an early crop, but does not lie well. It is meant to be eaten in summer.
Shakespeare produces a good quality turnip with yellowish brown outer scales. It can hibernate in snowless winter conditions at a temperature of -50C.

Siberia f1 is a high-yielding hybrid with white flesh. Root crops are dense, covered with red-brown scales.
A radar that can be stored for a long time.

What is winter onion, how to grow it, and why this species is preferred by the villagers, is described in the video.

Hybrids and varieties from other countries

Hybrids are obtained by crossing new varieties of foreign origin with zoned onion species. This allows you to get seeds that are resistant to the adverse conditions of central Russia, temporarily improve the characteristics of the variety.

Domestic onion Golden Semko with white tasty pulp is an early ripe hybrid of semi-sharp taste. It is capable of forming a rounded root crop weighing up to 100 g in 83 days. The bulbs are single-bearing, capable of long-term storage. Root crops lie up to six months, retaining their marketable qualities.

Valentino is a hybrid onion from Spain that lasts up to 5 months during winter storage. It is of interest to farmers because it is resistant to putrefactive lesions of the bulb.

Valentino is grown by sowing nigella in the ground at the end of April. In the phase of 3 leaves, the crops are thinned out, leaving a distance between 2 sprouts of at least 5 cm. With normal care of the beds, a yield of up to 4 kg / m2 is obtained. The weight of 1 root crop reaches 200 gr.

Varieties suitable for cultivation in industrial volumes come from Holland to Russia. Root crops grown over a 1-year period from Dutch breeders are well transported, stored for a long time, and do not rot. They have a good taste and retain all the beneficial properties of onions.

Description of Dutch varieties and hybrids is given with a photo so that you can see what the best hybrids look like. Farmers love to grow Manas onions. This is a late-ripening hybrid that forms a rounded brown onion. The root crop has a semi-sharp taste and gives the food a piquant flavor. It is used in salads raw, suitable for meat and cooking various dishes with heat treatment.

Red Baron is the name of the annual red onion known to many farmers. This is a lettuce variety, the bulbs of which are painted in a dark reddish hue. They have a sweet taste and are often eaten raw. The Red Baron is disease resistant. The turnip ripening period is 95 days.

Sterling F1, hybrid onion, Dutch, requires a long daylight hours. With the seedling method in the Kuban, it gives white bulbs up to 800 g in size.

Shallot varieties

Types of onion in home gardens of the northwestern part of the country are often replaced by multi-nested shallots. This type of onion is propagated by seeds and turnips, which rarely release a flower arrow.

Each root crop has from 3 to 30 rudiments, which allows you to get a large nest of onions suitable for eating. It is valued for its good keeping quality, delicate taste, frost resistance. Common varieties of shallots:

Ginger, forming rhombic, beveled heads on one side of a bright red color. The variety ripens later than other types of family onions, which allows it to survive the July drought and develop further. Up to 10 per nest.
Knyazhich, giving 8 large heads up to 50 g and a long powerful feather that retains elasticity for a long time.
Old Russian, with purple juicy scales. In a bush, 8 large root crops are formed in 2 months.
Andreyka, semi-sharp variety with dry dark brown scales and pinkish juicy flesh. It forms a turnip weighing 26 g.

Producers manage to get shallot hybrids. This allows you to improve the characteristics of the family onion, increase disease resistance, reduce the thickness of the neck. Shallot requires careful pre-planting processing.

Onions for greens

Perennial onions are grown to produce multiple crops of green feathers. Their cultivation in closed ground can take place all year round. In open ground, when using different varieties, a green feather is obtained throughout the warm period of time.

Onion batun

Batun is highly branched and forms a mass of tubular leaves. The bulbs are cylindrical and poorly developed. Plants of the first year of life by the end of the summer season begin to branch and make it possible at the end of August to cut the first crop of young leaves. If young plants grow closely, they break through, eating the feather along with the bulbs. At the 2nd year of life, the batun throws out flower-bearing arrows and forms seeds that germinate in the garden in the fall.

Among the varieties known are Gribovsky, April and Maisky. April 12 begins to grow green leaves immediately after the topsoil thaws. The first shoots can be seen after the beds are cleared of ice and snow cover. After a month, it forms arrows and may go dormant due to improper care.

Maysky and Gribovsky varieties of onions replace the retired April batun. They form leaves in early May and produce several crops of greenery until mid-June.

Of the recently bred varieties of practical interest are:

Russian size grown as an annual. It is sown in early spring and by autumn branched plants are obtained, which are uprooted.
Russian winter - lettuce variety, forming powerful bushes from the second year, and growing in 1 place up to 6 years.
Pierrot is an early ripening variety suitable for greenhouses. It is used for early forcing in greenhouses and greenhouses.
Legionnaire is resistant to downy mildew. From sowing in open ground to obtaining marketable products, 45 days are required. Greens retain freshness for a long time after harvesting.
Green Banner - the description of the variety contains an indication that this is a Dutch variety of batun, which has a high adaptation to weather conditions.

The latter variety is distinguished by a well-developed root system and large thick dark green leaves with a bluish wax coating. It is resistant to fungal infections that cause rotting of the underground part and feather. Easily tolerates the hot season and is recommended for cultivation in dry areas, in open and closed ground.

Tiered Bow

This type of onion, which gives a quality feather, is propagated by airy bulbs. The underground part of this type of onion does not enter into a state of long dormancy. With proper agricultural technology, the plant grows green mass from early spring to the very frost. 3 varieties are registered in the Russian Federation:

Likova, which expels the first green feather 3 weeks after the soil thaws in the garden, easily tolerates spring frosts.
Memory, which forms a large bulb for the 2nd year of life, capable of expelling up to 6 kg of green leaves and forming several tiers of arrows, abundantly covered with aerial seeds.
Chelyabinsk, recommended for cultivation in areas with risky farming.

Growing these onion varieties requires fertile soil and constant care.

chives, slime, leek

Schnitt gives a lot of early tender greens. You can sow seeds of varieties such as:

Spring;
Siberian;
early maturing;
Moscow;
Prague.

All varieties have a thin round feather, a well-developed root system, and an inconspicuous bulb. With proper care, it gives several crops of greenery. Without proper care, the feather becomes bitter and hard.

Slizun forms a bush for 2 years of life, which can live in 1 place for about 5 years.

All varieties of slime form short, wide, flat leaves with a pleasant taste.

Propagated by seeds and division of the bush. The most common varieties:

Leader;
broad-leaved;
Vavilovsky.

The feather grows in the first decade of April. In July, the bulbs dry up, and at the end of August they wake up and begin to grow new leaves, allowing you to make several cuts of vitamin greens.

Leek, which is cultivated as an annual plant in central Russia, is best planted in seedlings in the soil. Known varieties are:

aligator;
Goliath;
Pandora;
Tango;
Karantansky.

They form a thickened white false stem, on which flat lanceolate leaves up to 60 cm long grow throughout the summer season. Leek leaves are similar to the ground part of garlic. They are covered with a wax coating and have a bluish-green color.

Rarely Used Green Onions

The fragrant onion grows wild in the Far East and is found in the south of Siberia. The plant is cultivated for early greenery. Varieties registered in Rosreestr:

Fragrant;
Jusai;
Astrologer;
Spicy.

After sowing the seeds, a rosette of long elastic thin flat leaves is formed, resembling garlic in taste and appearance. After the leaves dry, a false bulb is formed, consisting of a large number of primordia. All of them are separated for 2 years of life, and form a large bush, which will increase in size every year.

This hardy, seed-propagated plant can quickly take over a large area of land as a weed. A variety of wild onions is not afraid of digging, because small bulbs are difficult to damage with a shovel.

Of great importance in cooking, as well as in folk medicine, are such habitual and everyday results for all of the cultivation of onion and garlic varieties. That is why every gardener or vegetable grower diligently grows them on their plots in order to please themselves and their loved ones not only with healthy food, but also with a wonderful decoration of the garden or border - after all, there are decorative types of edible plants. This article presents all types and as well as a detailed description of their advantages and disadvantages.

onion

Important! It is impossible to plant an onion vegetable in the ground where cultures related to it have grown before. Otherwise, in the future it may be pursued by diseases and ordinary rot.

Like other varieties of onion plants, leeks need to be moistened in time, the most effective way is to water along the furrows. With regard to care, he is not whimsical at all, everything is done according to the standard - loosening, weeding and top dressing. But, besides this, it would be a good idea to mulch plantings with tops of plants and - this will help retain moisture and prevent the development

Did you know? The leek is the national symbol of Wales and is featured on the £1 coin.

Onions are harvested as needed (as they ripen), they dig with a shovel, shake them off and put them in boxes prepared in advance in a vertical or tied form. In the collected plants, it is necessary to remove dirty and damaged leaves, as well as cut the roots and leaves by one third. The best way to store this powerful vitamin is to wrap it in plastic wrap and refrigerate. The optimum storage temperature should be between -2°C and +2°C and should be kept constant as much as possible.

Two main types are very popular among consumers - spring and The cultivation technology is quite simple, but some interesting rules must also be followed. For example, it should be remembered that the culture is very picky about the soil, it should be grown only on neutral soil of sandy and loamy type. You should not forget about the light-loving nature of garlic either.

" Onion

Onions are used to prepare many dishes, so any housewife, when choosing crops for growing on her plot, prefers several varieties at once. Variety in the beds allows you to create new masterpieces in the kitchen, and at the same time improve in gardening. In this article, we will find out what types of onions are, domestic and wild, talk about their description and find out the main characteristics.

Taking over the experience of their ancestors, preference is often given to the same varieties of onions when planting a vegetable garden. It's time to change stereotypes, improve and achieve new results, because the dish can sparkle with new flavor notes if you use Setton or Leek instead of the usual onion. Moreover, in central Russia, a large number of varieties can be planted, as practice has shown. Though lettuce, even green. And then we will find out where which species can grow.

To determine the choice of seeds of bulbous plants, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of different species, their preferences and the nuances of planting. It is also worth paying attention to the correspondence of the growing conditions of the culture and the climate of the region. This will be discussed in this article.

The most popular varieties of onions

All varieties of culture differ not only in taste, but also in the rules of planting, ripening period, and yield.

Onion sets

Chalcedony grows outdoors, is very popular among gardeners in the southern regions of Russia. Suitable for growing feathers and root crops. The ripening period (from planting to harvesting) is 95-110 days. An average of 4 kg is removed from a square meter with a marketable weight of one small copy of 85-100 gr. Sometimes there are onions weighing up to 400 gr. There is a good immunity to peronosporosis, vulnerability to neck rot. Taste: pleasant with a slight spiciness.
early ripening, from sowing to harvesting takes about 3 months. Round-flat onions weigh 150-250 g on average, but there are also giants up to 350 g. The plant rarely shoots arrows, does not become covered with spots characteristic of downy mildew. Taste: sharp with a sharp aroma.
Souball is characterized by large rounded bulbs with an average weight of up to 200 gr. The root crop ripens about 100-110 days, gives a good harvest. Taste: delicate with a slight hint of spiciness, mainly used for salads.

Onion (turnip)

Goldenseal represents a mid-season look, is distinguished by rounded onions of medium size weighing about 60-70 gr. Used for greenery and growing turnips for planting next season. The middle is white and juicy with a slight point.
Shaman belongs to early ripening varieties, ripens in 86-95 days. The root crop has an elongated shape, a pink-red rather juicy middle. The average weight of a turnip is 55-65 gr. Advantages: stable high yield, high taste qualities. Stored for a short time.
Oporto ripens in 98-107 days, belongs to the mid-season species. The weight of the turnip reaches 270-300 gr., The shape is correct rounded. Advantages: high yield when using seedlings, immunity to diseases and pests, retains its presentation for a long time. Taste qualities allow the use of porto for all types of processing.

Varieties of lettuce

matures for about 130 days, tastes very sweet with abundant juice secretion. Turnips are round and very large, reaching 550 gr., but there are also specimens of 700-800 gr. The only disadvantage of the culture is a small storage period (no more than 3 months).
enjoys incredible popularity due to its excellent taste. The plant matures in 138-150 days, the turnips are large, flattened purple, reaching an average of 200 gr. In the middle lane, you can grow a variety using seedlings. Onions will keep for up to 4 months.
Ermak holds the record for aging, the crop is removed 75-95 days after sowing. It has good immunity, long shelf life (until the next season). A gastronomic feature is a soft juicy structure with a slight spiciness.

Onion Yalta

Red onion

The crimson ball ripens in 85-95 days, annually gives a stable harvest. Dark purple round turnips justify the name. The middle is juicy with a pleasant taste, tinted with a light point. The disadvantage is a short shelf life (up to 4 months).
Campillo F1 introduces red onion hybrid, which has a rounded shape with a dense center and a pleasant purple hue. Advantage - the pigment is not transferred to kitchen utensils and fabric. Taste qualities: delicate structure with abundant juice release, well-palpable sweetness. It can be stored for a long time without losing its properties.
Retro is famous for its high yield and fast maturation (up to 90 days). The middle is tender dark red with white stripes. Onions are very sweet without spiciness, so they are even added to children's salads.

white bow

Albenka is characterized by rapid maturation (up to 95 days) and interesting taste qualities that combine light spiciness and sweetness. Grown for greens and onion sets. Not suitable for long term storage.
White Globe has good seed germination and fast maturation. Harvest can be done 95-105 days after planting. A rounded, slightly elongated turnip weighs 160 g on average. The variety has a high stable yield, immunity to Fusarium.
Sterling is a group of white onion hybrids with a maturity of 110-120 days. The mass of an average turnip is 120-200 gr. The shape is rounded with a white husk. The middle is soft and juicy with an unusual taste, not similar to other types. The storage of the root crop is short (3-5 months), but during cultivation, immunity to many diseases and pests is noted.

sweet bow

Kaba ripens in 145-155 days, is immune to disease. Productivity is stable, stored up to 4-5 months. The weight of a round turnip with a slight pressure is 80-125 gr. The middle is dense, but sweet and juicy.
Globo ripens for 110-125 days, the size of the root crop is a real giant. The weight of one onion reaches 600-900 gr. The taste is delicate, sweetish, ideal for salads and various other dishes. Growing a crop from seedlings, you can get a crop from 1m2 to 12 kg.
Spanish 313 differs in productivity, immunity to diseases and pests, suitable for fresh consumption and processed. The weight of an average turnip is 120-150 gr., The shape is round and large. Onions have long been recognized by domestic gardeners and are popular due to their unpretentious care and sweet flavor notes. Productivity from 1m2 - 4-5 kg.

Names of onion varieties for storage

has a dark red color, the onion is rounded slightly flattened. The plant matures in just 90-95 days, the weight of the turnip is 95-110 grams. Advantages: stable high yield, light taste with a small spiciness.
Volsky bow prefers nutritious light soils. The root crop ripens in 120-140 days with an average weight of 90-140 gr. The turnip grows in such a way that the top is on top of the ground, which makes it easier to collect. Taste features: sharpness is well felt.
Orion represents an exclusive hybrid, on the development of which English breeders have been working for a long time. The variety ripens quickly, which makes it possible to grow a crop even in the northern regions. The turnip has a regular rounded shape of a beautiful purple color, weighing an average of 150-200 grams. Orion is very popular among gardeners, but most likely it will not grow either in the Moscow region or in the Urals.

The best bulbs for the Moscow region

gained popularity all over the world due to its high taste. Rounded elongated turnip reaches a weight of up to 110 grams. Productivity is average, but stable (up to 3-4 kg per 1 m2). Advantages of the variety: not subject to the release of arrows, long shelf life (up to 8-9 months), resistance to decay. The root crop has a sharp taste.
is considered a prolific crop, giving from one square meter to 8-9 kg of root crops. Breeders, working on a hybrid, initially set the task of obtaining a long-lasting onion. The result exceeded expectations - good resistance to diseases, long-term storage without loss of useful properties, resistance to the vagaries of nature. The weight of the turnip is up to 120 gr., the taste is at its best (sharpness is light, juiciness, moderately sweet).
represents a hybrid grown by Dutch breeders. As a result of painstaking work, a variety was obtained that is resistant to diseases and pests, well-preserving its presentation for 9-10 months. The ripening of the plant occurs in 100-115 days, the weight of the average turnip is 120-150 gr. Gastronomic feature: suitable for all types of processing, neutral flavor notes with a slight spiciness.

The passion for archery in our country arose relatively recently and almost spontaneously, mainly after the appearance on the screens of the saga about the adventures of the hobbits. Judging by the amount of materials on the Runet about bows and shooting from this ancient throwing weapon, the number of followers of Robin Hood and William Tell is growing exponentially.

The most burning question for neophytes is where to start, how and which bow to choose? There is no single answer to it, so we will try to tell you a little about everything: the types of bows, their advantages and disadvantages, the selection criteria - a process in which the last word will remain with you. So, let's find out what kind of bows are for shooting, which one to choose for hunting, and in general, what to choose, a bow or a crossbow?

The design of a weapon for throwing a feathered stick with a sharp end has been improved over the millennia, refuting the saying about the futility of the invention of the bicycle. Therefore, today we have three varieties of bows.

The basic rules for choosing bows are presented in this video:

Traditional

Those that our ancestors used until the moment a firearm fell into their hands. These are the bows of the Indians, Papuans, Eskimos, Chukchi and other indigenous peoples. These are replicas of military weapons of the peoples of Europe and Asia.

They are made using well-known and restored technologies, using natural materials - wood, leather, natural adhesives. There can be no talk of any mass production of such products, each bow will have its own characteristics, style of behavior, one might say - character. Mastering the traditional bow takes years of daily practice.

We will talk later in this article about which traditional bow to choose.

Classic

These are bows used in sports and therefore called "Olympic". They are related to the traditional ones by the way of accumulating energy for a shot - by bending the elastic branches (shoulders) of the bow. Most of these bows have a recurve shape - a double curvature of the shoulder.

This design allows you to store twice as much energy with the same length of the elastic beam. Everything is very simple - one arc works in compression, the other in tension. Europe owes the appearance of recurve bows to the Huns - a nomadic people who came from the Steppe.

The sporting purpose of the classic bow predetermined the fact that they began to install elements on it that made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of shooting and to exclude elements of chance from the training process as much as possible. These are sights, balancers, shelves for arrows, from which they descend without hitting the handle, vibration dampers.

They are related to the traditional ones by the way of holding the arrow when the bowstring is pulled. Two of them are best known: English - the shank of an arrow between the index and middle fingers, as well as Native American - the index finger (the shank lies on it) is held by the bowstring with the middle and ring fingers.

The most essential element of the classic bow, despite its external insignificance, is the shelf on which the arrow is held. The ingenious design, the types of which are innumerable, allows the arrow to descend from the bowstring without hitting the hilt with plumage. This made it possible to abandon natural feathers, replace them with rigid stabilizers and significantly increase accuracy.

Sports rules prohibit the installation of devices on a classic bow, with which you can build a line of sight based on more than one point.

In addition, pulling the bowstring is always a strength exercise, because as the shoulders bend, their resistance increases. Therefore, learning to shoot from such bows is almost as difficult as from traditional ones. But training can be systematized and achieve good results much faster.

Block

We owe their appearance in 1969 to Holles Allen, who lived in Missouri (USA). The design is based on a system of blocks (chain hoists), which increase the force applied to the running end as many times as there are these blocks.

The energy for throwing an arrow is accumulated not only in the shoulders, but also in the system of cables, one of the branches of which is the bowstring. A feature of these bows is the "wall" effect - the release of force when the maximum draw point is reached. It reaches 80 percent. If, for example, the MK-SV75 compound bow has a maximum pulling force of 27 kilograms, then at the moment of aiming, the shooter needs a force of 4 kilograms to hold the bowstring.

The power diagram when pulling the "blocker" is a mirror image of the same process in the classic bow. First, there is an overcoming (peak of effort) of the elasticity of the shoulder, which has potential energy. As the tension increases, it accumulates in the cables (turns into kinetic), and the force applied by the archer to the bowstring falls. Athletes have recognized this phenomenon as a scam, so compound bows are not allowed in the Olympic Games. But it became possible to equip it with such elements that equated its effectiveness with firearms.

In addition to shelves for arrows, balancers and vibration dampers (optional), compound bows are equipped with complexes for building a line of sight. This is a sight with a ring frame and a pip-site - a ring in a bowstring through which the arrow can see the target.

But the most interesting detail was the release - a device thanks to which the shooter pulls the bowstring with the shoulder and elbow joints, like a lever. Fingers are not involved in this process, the hand is relaxed. Choosing a compound bow is not an easy task.

The most popular block models are:

How to choose a bow for shooting for beginners, block for hunting, sports or other - you will learn all this below.

Choice problems

When choosing throwing weapons, they usually focus on compliance with historical truth (aesthetics), combat effectiveness, ease of possession, and price.

Truth and aesthetics

Many people are drawn to archery by the desire to be like the elf Legolas, other fantasy or historical characters. Although archaeologists have proven the fact that English archers suffered from monstrous scoliosis.

Most faithfully repeat the contours and design traditional bows Samik products (ex. ). They have a handle made of glued solid wood, and removable shoulders are laminated with an external plastic coating. The only thing that can be installed on them without damage to the structure is a shelf that allows you to use arrows not only with natural plumage. The model (Sebastian Flute) is similar to them. Bows are also good.
real olympic recurve bows produced by SF. The series starts with the Axiom model. They have an aluminum handle, on which you can install a sight, balancer, plunger, shako. This is a transitional option between tradition and classic: their shoulders are laminated - wood covered with plastic. There are options for classic bows, completely made of modern materials. For example, the Blue Knight Bow (), which has fiberglass shoulders and an aluminum handle.
Compound bows- this is an industrial aesthetic, they are a machine for throwing arrows.

This video will tell you how to choose the right bow for a beginner shooter for hunting:

combat effectiveness

Classic bows give all the energy to the arrow during the descent of the bowstring. Due to the short duration of the force impulse, the arrow flies at a speed of no more than 50 m / s and does not have a large penetrating power. However, this allows you to increase the rate of fire if you do not draw the bow at full strength or do it in a jerk.
At blocker the arrow accelerates relatively slowly, and the peak of force occurs at the moment it leaves the shelf. The arrow flight speed reaches 90 m / s, it is possible to use heavy arrows with high penetrating power. That is why such bows are most often positioned as hunting ones. Incomplete stretching of the bowstring is impossible, the rate of fire is low. But the accuracy and accuracy of hits is comparable to firearms.

Ease of ownership

First of all, this is the ability to customize the bow for yourself.

Classic models are not in vain made collapsible. And due to the fact that for adjustment it is necessary to change the shoulders - for shorter or longer, rigid or elastic. When choosing such a bow, it is customary to focus on the growth of the shooter. Although the British proceeded from a different consideration: a longbow with the same tension force is less deformed, and therefore lasts longer.
Blocky the bow is adjusted by changing the position of the blocks on the eccentrics. This does not require high qualifications from the owner, additional costs for the purchase of shoulders and bowstrings.

Wherein:

By today's standard, a classic hunting bow cannot be longer than 60 inches (150 cm). Sports bows reach a length of 70 inches. The length of blockers does not exceed 90 cm; it is less problematic to wade through the forest wilds with it.
In terms of weight, only the classics used in the barebow variant win over blockers - without a modern body kit, including sights.

Price

This is the most controversial criterion. If you evaluate the bow in combination with combat effectiveness and richness of equipment, then compound bows turn out to be cheaper.

For example, Samik Polaris, which the manufacturer positions as a bow for beginners, is a good choice, costs more than 11 thousand rubles, and only a bowstring and a simple shelf are included in the package. The force of its tension is not more than 36 pounds (16.3 kg). A set of interchangeable shoulders costs at least five thousand.
Compare it to the same tier Barnett Vortex compound bow, which costs 15k. Tension force from 19 to 45 pounds (9 to 21 kg), adjustment does not require any investment. The delivery set includes three arrows, a sight with three pins, a shelf, a shako.

Conclusion

If you want to master archery as an art, shapes and lines amuse your aesthetic taste, then buy the classics, which, by the way, can also.

Compound bows for those who value practicality first of all, who have no time to visit the training halls, and want to achieve good results quickly. But if you want to switch to classic bows, then they will have to learn again.

This video will tell you how to choose arrows for a bow:

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