How to properly insulate the roof in the house. How to properly insulate a roof

When building or repairing a private house, the arrangement of the roof is one of the most important stages. If it is not designed correctly, then precipitation will accumulate on it, which will amount to an extra load and will contribute to damage to the roofing material. If the roof is not laid correctly, then moisture will get into the seams and over time it will leak into the house, and if the roof is not insulated from the inside, then cold air will very quickly enter the room and will not allow it to fully warm up by any means, that is, living in such conditions all round year will be impossible.

Physical Factors: Impact

Any house that is used for housing must meet certain requirements in order to live in it comfortably and comfortably. It is important to properly lay the foundation so that the house does not shrink or crack, insulate it and build a roof. The choice of coating is very important, as it affects the weight that applies to the house, the time to complete the flooring work and the cost. In addition to all this, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of the inside of the roof so that the construction of the house remains as reliable as possible, and the residents feel comfortable at any time of the year.

In different climatic conditions, buildings are affected by various factors.

For our latitudes will be characteristic:

• precipitation in the form of rain;
• snow, groats and similar phenomena;
• hail;
• roof icing;
• active sun;
• strong wind.

To withstand all these negative factors, the roof must be covered with sufficiently dense materials that can reliably protect the house for many years.

A private house is a structure that consists of a main floor and an attic. If the roof is not insulated, then up to 15% of the heat from the room escapes through the ceiling in cold weather, which makes it necessary to intensively heat the rooms. In addition, having an insulated attic, this space, if desired, can be made residential and used as rooms for a specific purpose. This is ideal for a large family.

Processes inside

In order to properly insulate a private house and make the roof a full-fledged protective mechanism for both the main room and the attic, you need to be able to choose the right material for insulation. Typically, the selection is based on the physical processes occurring inside, under the roof.

There are several of the most important.

• Heat exchange, which occurs due to different temperatures in the house and outside. If the roof is not insulated, then part of the heat escapes through the roof, and the insulation prevents this process and maintains optimal indoor temperatures.
• Moisture exchange, which arises from the person himself, his breathing, evaporation from body temperature to cooking processes, when the vapors rise to the ceiling, carrying moisture particles that are removed through the roof. If the roof is insulated, the humidity level remains optimal, and unnecessary odors can be removed with ventilation.

When insulating the roof, you can protect yourself from temperature fluctuations inside the room, because the insulation has its own temperature, which is often slightly higher than that on the street, and does not allow the heat of the building to go outside, which will eliminate the need for additional heating, which requires reserve funds.

Insulating layer helps avoid condensation, which is formed when hot and cold air come into contact, therefore laying it together with a heater will help maintain its appearance and performance. Properly performed work increases the life of the building by almost two times and minimizes the need for repairs every year.

Necessity or whim?

A private house often has a pitched roof, which forms an attic space on top of the main living floor. If there is no insulation, then living in such conditions will be very uncomfortable due to the lack of heat in the cold season. If the attic is made in the form of a residential floor - the same attic, then the warming process should be mandatory.

Any roofing material will not be able to protect as foam, mineral wool or other type of coatings. In addition to the insulation itself, it is important to use a vapor barrier film that will cope with all sorts of fumes.

If you ignore the installation of an insulating coating, then in addition to the cold in the house, very soon problems will begin with the roof truss system, which will rot and there will be a risk of collapse. The same effect can be observed with the wrong installation technology or inaccurate choice of insulation. If you choose the wrong thickness of the standing insulation, then instead of protection, the opposite effect will be. Under normal conditions, with a temperature difference, protection against condensation and heat removal is carried out, which makes it possible to feel comfortable in any weather.

If the thickness is violated and a thin insulation is selected, then an excessively large amount of condensate will form on it, which will contribute to the rapid decay of the rafters and the violation of the microclimate of the room.

Non-compliance is dangerous for both health and safety as the roof structure may collapse. The choice of material that needs to be insulated depends on a wide variety of factors that are important to consider in order to be able to independently install what you need. If there are difficulties with the choice of insulation or its installation, it is better to contact professionals and get comprehensive advice and assistance in installation.

"Pie" of the roof: what is it?

A properly constructed roof involves a large number of layers of different materials that are stacked on top of each other, which resembles a pie - hence the name. The basis of the construction "pie" is the rafters, on which all other layers are already being laid.

To correctly lay out all the layers, it is important to know their correct sequence, which looks like this:

• Roof.
• The crate on which the installation of finishing materials will be carried out. Can be laid flat or with gaps.
• A counter-lattice in the form of bars, which serves to ventilate the space under the roof itself.
• Film for waterproofing.
• Materials for thermal insulation.
• A layer of material for vapor barrier.
• Creation of a crate where insulating materials and inner lining are mounted.
• material for interior lining.

If you properly lay the "pie", then you can avoid the loss of heat from the living space during the cold season, and it will also help from overheating the space in extreme heat. The waterproofing layer will help protect the insulation from moisture coming from the outside, and the vapor barrier layer will protect against all kinds of fumes.

Pitched roof - a fairly common type, therefore it will not be difficult for her to pick up all the necessary materials. The positive aspect of high attics is the convenience of work on their insulation and the ability to equip a full-fledged living space.

Without additional work, it will be extremely unpleasant to be in it - it is very cold in winter and too hot in summer.

Requirements for materials and their functions

To carry out quality work, it is necessary to choose the right materials. It will depend on them how accurately it will be possible to make comfortable living conditions and secure the roof supports. The choice will depend on the region where the building is located, its size, purpose, as well as the funds that are available for the purchase of materials.

There are four main methods of insulation.

• Use of mineral wool, which is the most commonly used material due to its properties. It is best to purchase the basalt variety. In the store, it is desirable to obtain a quality certificate in order to know for sure that the products are safe and meet all norms and standards. There are varieties that have a lighter weight, they are suitable for work in conditions of self-insulation of the room. The positive qualities of cotton wool can be considered a non-combustible composition and moisture repellency, which corresponds to the main task of this layer. In addition, rodents do not like it, which means that you don’t have to worry that someone can start up in the house, especially on the roof.

Of the minuses, a rather high cost can be noted, but it is fully offset by the positive aspects.

• The use of glass wool. Some time ago, this material was considered the main one for roof insulation, but due to some dangerous properties, safer analogues were soon found. The thermal insulation of glass wool is not bad, and the efficiency is very high. When working with such material, it is very important to follow all safety rules, namely, use a protective suit, gloves, goggles. It is important to close the nasopharynx and eyes so that pieces of glass dust do not get into them.

People with allergies will not be able to live in such a house, so you need to be able to choose the right type of internal insulation coating.

• Polymer roof insulation- These are special tiles made of polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene. They have both advantages and disadvantages. This is an inexpensive option, because anyone can afford it, but if you look at the cons, then you should think carefully about acquiring such insulation. These materials are very flammable, and when burned, they emit a large amount of smoke, which is very dangerous for humans.

Usually, this type is resorted to when other options cannot be used.

• Expanded clay insulation. This material is very often used for floor insulation and has good thermal insulation properties, but it is very difficult to use it for the roof due to heavy installation. Usually only experienced workers can cope with it to make the internal insulation of the ceiling in the house.

If we consider alternative options, then polyurethane foam is distinguished among them, which can be used in two states - in the form of plates and foam. It is advisable not to take plates for arranging the ceiling, because it is inconvenient to work with them and they have a very high cost. At the same time, liquid or foamed polyurethane is easy to apply and has a number of advantages. With its help, you can fill voids of any shape and size, slots and lines of openings are very well clogged. If the rest of the materials need to be cut and to achieve maximum fit, then in this case the foam itself lays down, the main thing is to distribute it correctly and evenly.

It is very convenient to use foam for roofing made of slate or broken structures when there are a lot of drops on the roof and the frame has significant differences. Another significant advantage can be considered autonomy from hydro and thermal insulation, which are not needed for polyurethane foam. In addition, the material has excellent resistance to flammability, which ensures the safety of the house.

How to choose?

When choosing a material for insulation, it is important to understand what exactly you should pay attention to, what indicators will play a decisive role in the selection of one or another type.

The main criteria are:

• The mass of the material. Heavy insulation will serve as an additional mass on the house itself, which will affect both the roof rafters and the building as a whole. If the house is built from high-quality bricks or foam blocks, then enhanced insulation can be allowed, but in this case, you need to make the rafters more powerful so that they can withstand a lot of weight.
• Thermal conductivity index. The lower the numbers, the better for the roofing material. If the indicator is approximately equal to 0.04 W / m * s, then this will be the best option.
• Indicator of resistance to adverse environmental factors.
• The density of the material, which affects the heat transfer of the material. If the density is low, the porosity of the insulation increases, which reduces thermal conductivity and leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties.

• The ability to absorb moisture. In order to repel moisture, any insulation can be treated with a hydrophobic substance. Some materials are already sold with such impregnation.
• Combustibility indicators, which is the most important factor for arranging a roof.
• Ability to resist low temperatures.
• Resistance to influence of chemical elements.
• Environmental friendliness of the material.

Having considered all these indicators, the best option would be to use mineral and glass wool. Glass and mineral wool is sold in the form of rolls or plates. It is safer to insulate with mineral wool, because it is more resistant to fire.

If we consider modern heaters, the most advanced technology will be roof sheathing with foam flex. It is a durable and lightweight unit that can be easily installed on any surface, be it wall or ceiling. You can cut off the desired piece with an ordinary knife.

In addition, the storage conditions of foam flex are also distinctive, which can be outdoors at any temperature, but it is better that it has packaging on it.

It is convenient to use expanded polystyrene, which is also called penoplex, in rooms with adverse conditions, because it is not afraid of them, and various microorganisms will not begin to develop in it. A very important feature is the environmental friendliness of this insulation. It does not emit any harmful odors and fumes and is completely harmless to both adults and children.

Preparation

To carry out insulation procedures, it is important to clearly understand which roof to work with. By correctly determining the order of work, you can quickly and efficiently insulate the roof. It is worth considering the materials that will be at hand during work. It is important to clearly understand for yourself what exactly you have to work with and what to do.

If the process of warming has become completely clear, then you can cope with absolutely any roof, whether it be near a rural house or a large villa by the sea. In order to carry out insulation work, it is important to prepare the roof itself for this.

There is a specific procedure for this, which includes:

• inspection of the truss system so that damaged boards can be identified in time and replaced;
• treatment of wooden structures with an antiseptic;
• checking communications, if they are located under the roof. This applies to piping and wiring.

As soon as the roof is ready, you need to check the availability of all the materials with which the insulation will be made, prepare the tools, and only after that you can get to work. The workflow has its own rules and patterns that you need to know in order not to make mistakes and get a good and high-quality result.

Process step by step: how to do it?

In order for the work to be carried out quickly and efficiently, it is important to prepare well, read articles on the topic, watch videos in order to clearly see what is being done and why in the process of internal roof insulation.

The algorithm of the work is reduced to four points.

• Mounting the waterproofing layer. This task should be done at the time of covering with roofing material. Waterproofing is mounted on the rafters so that there is a slight sag. A slate house involves laying this material directly on the insulation. It is important to properly lay the waterproofing - its smooth side should be on top. Strips of material must be sealed with adhesive tape so that cracks do not form over time. Only after that, counter-rails are stuffed onto the rafters, to which the crate will be installed. On the finished boards and you need to lay the roofing material.
• Thermal insulation installation. It is important to choose a heat-insulating mat with the required thickness, and lay it between the rafters. The material is placed in a spacer or on a rough filing, which is made of small-width rails, fishing line and rope, which are fastened with nails to the rafters. Thermal insulation mats take up free space, and excess pieces are cut out.

If you need to insulate the room with the highest quality, the mats are laid, shifting to the side with each row.

• Placement of the vapor barrier. This material consists of a smooth side, which is placed towards the insulation, and a rougher side, which is directed towards the building itself and collects steam emissions from the room. Laying such a film is an important point for its full-fledged work. The installation process takes place using a stapler. In this case, you can do without a counter-lattice, but it is important to glue all the joints with adhesive tape.
• The process of installing profiles and guide bars. These materials serve as the basis for mounting decorative elements and ventilation, which is necessary for the proper operation of insulation.

The technology of work will be similar, whether it is a summer house, where the house has a flat ceiling, or a large country house, where a gable roof is built. The right choice of materials and installation in the right sequence will give the desired result.

Attic floors

When choosing insulation for an attic floor, it is necessary to take into account its thermal protection, strength and stable qualities in relation to adverse environmental phenomena. It is important to consider the type of overlap, the material from which it is made. Concrete with wood have their own characteristics.

The process of installing insulation depends on the material, if it is mineral wool, then it is better to use thick layers (about 20 cm), but if there is a desire to create increased thermal insulation, you can increase the thickness to 30 cm. The wool is laid only after the vapor barrier has been placed. It is best to lay it under a floor of boards or timber so that they do not absorb moisture and do not rot. If it was not possible to put a solid piece of vapor barrier, it must be glued with tape.

After that, work begins with a heater, which is placed in a wooden frame so as to fill all the empty spaces. Once the mineral wool has been placed, waterproofing is applied on top to prevent the wool from absorbing the excess wool. It is especially important to do this if the next step is to pour concrete when the 2nd floor is planned in the building. Instead of concrete, you can make flooring from OSB boards. In this way, you can insulate the attic and, if desired, make it a living space.

stingrays

You can insulate the slopes in various ways, the choice of which depends on the design of the rafters, their height and the skills of the one who will work with the surface.

There are only three options for how to insulate a pitched roof:

• with thermal insulation, which is located between the rafters, the frame must be flush with the insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and above the rafters, the frame is wrapped on all sides with insulation;
• with thermal insulation between and under the rafters, the frame is not insulated.

Pitched roof insulation is best done with mineral wool mats or with a fiberglass backing. Roof installation can be carried out both from the inside and outside. Only the layers and their stacking order will differ. During internal work, the roof is insulated with a waterproofing layer, on which the insulation material itself is already laid, and after that the vapor barrier tape is stretched.

A sloping roof is a special structure that needs to be properly insulated, especially if the whole procedure is done by hand. Knowing the technology and the correct arrangement of layers, you can get a high-quality roofing that will protect the house from heat loss and moisture penetration and help create a comfortable microclimate inside.

Flat roof: features of work

If there is a need to insulate a flat roof, then the installation of the appropriate materials is often carried out after the roof has been installed. The work is carried out indoors, and after their completion, the height of the ceilings is significantly reduced, which is a significant drawback with all other advantages.

Before starting work, it is important to consider how exactly the attic space will be illuminated.

We insulate a flat roof by stuffing bars along the entire length of the room, after which they must be divided into squares, in which the heat-insulating material will be placed. You can keep it in the cells with a cord or by gluing it to the surface, which is less desirable. The cord can be removed when all the gaps are covered with foam, which will hold the insulation in place.

The first layer should always be a thermal insulation layer, and the last layer should be a vapor barrier, which in total will give the desired result of a dry and warm roof. If you do not use protective layers, then the insulation will very soon become unusable and cease to perform its functions.

When work with insulation is over, you need to pay attention to the wiring. If it is present there, only after that proceed with the installation of lamps and decorative decoration of the room.

If the attic is presented as a large and cold room, you can use various kinds of heaters, after which it will be possible to live in this room. It is possible to lay heat-insulating material both during the construction of the roof and after that. If the roof is already covered with slate or other material, then the work is done from the inside, which changes the arrangement of the layers during the installation of insulation.

When building a private house, attention should be paid not only to the thermal protection of walls and floors, but also to the insulation of roof structures. The temperature and humidity conditions of the room, and even the service life of structures, depend on the literacy of roof insulation measures. Work on the installation of thermal insulation material can be done by hand.

The need for insulation

Everyone knows from the school physics course that heated air rises. If there is no thermal insulation, nothing prevents him from leaving the building. Because of this phenomenon, a large amount of heat loss occurs precisely through the roof or attic floors. Lack of adequate protection against cold and warm air loss can lead to the following problems:

• lowering the temperature in the room;
• increased heating costs in winter;
• condensation on the inner surface of the roof;
• the appearance of mold or fungus on the elements of the roof;
• destruction or damage to load-bearing structures, and bringing the house into disrepair.

The insulation of roof structures, as well as the insulation of walls and floors during the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, must be checked by state or private expertise at the design stage. The thermal insulation of a private cottage completely depends on the future owner, no one checks its availability and a competent choice, but this does not lose its importance.

Warming methods

Do-it-yourself roof insulation largely depends on the design of the roof. There are two types of roofs: flat and pitched. Most often, flat roofs are used for the construction of multi-storey buildings, but it is possible to use them in the construction of a private cottage. Flat roofs can be constructed in two ways:

In the inversion, the order of the layers has been changed. This technology is used in the arrangement of the exploited roof. As a material for insulation in both cases can be used:

• Styrofoam;
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• mineral wool (in slabs);
• expanded clay.

The latter is quite cheap, but has lower heat-shielding characteristics. In most cases, roof insulation is applied from the outside. This allows you to simplify the installation process and make competent protection from the cold from the point of view of thermal engineering.

The scheme of laying insulation between the rafters

It is necessary to remember the strength of the material; additional measures will also be required to protect the insulation from mechanical damage.

When building a private house, the option with a pitched roof is most often used. It allows you to equip the attic or attic and has a more attractive appearance. Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or any other can be done in several ways:

• laying material between the rafters (the most common);
• laying insulation over the rafters;
• fastening from the bottom of the rafters.

Material selection

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house or a building made of other materials is carried out using the following materials:

Rarely used materials include:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust.

Scheme of roof insulation with mineral wool

Bulk materials are used to protect against the cold outside. They have an attractive price, but are quite difficult to install, so they are not widely used. It is better to use more modern technologies.

In general, materials for thermal protection measures must meet the following requirements:

• safety, no harmful effects on humans;
• environmental friendliness;
• small weight to prevent excessive loads on the truss system;
• resistance to crushing and sagging, sufficient strength and rigidity;
• soundproofing characteristics (especially important when using metal roofing);
• resistance to fire (especially important for wooden construction);
• if possible, good vapor permeability, which will provide additional ventilation of the room;
• good thermal performance.

One of the most important characteristics of a material is its thermal conductivity. This value must be specified by the manufacturer. The lower the value, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will be needed. In the absence of constraint in funds, it is better to choose materials such as mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The values ​​of their thermal conductivity depend on the manufacturer and are in the range of 0.03-0.04 W / (m2*ᵒС).

Thickness calculation

It is important not only to choose the right material for insulation, but also to correctly calculate its thickness. Insufficient will lead to condensation, and excessive indicates an irrational expenditure of funds. You can select the value "by eye" based on general recommendations, for example, regardless of the type of roof (pitched or flat), for insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, a layer thickness of 150-200 mm is required.

It is best to perform a full-fledged heat engineering calculation that takes into account modern comfort requirements and allows you to find the perfect balance of cost and quality. For a specialist, the implementation of such a calculation is not difficult. A person far from construction can use examples of calculations or the Teremok program, which is freely available and is quite simple and understandable.

Competent calculations at the design stage are aimed at saving the budget and ensuring the reliability of thermal protection.

Their implementation will not take a lot of time, but will avoid overspending during construction and additional repair costs during operation.

Flat roof insulation process

Depending on the type of roof, the insulation technology will be different. For flat roofs, the following order of layers is usually observed:

• load-bearing structure (most often reinforced concrete pavement);
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• cement-sand screed (reinforced for non-durable materials);
• waterproofing carpet, which acts as a topcoat.

If absolutely necessary, you can work from the inside of the room, but this method has several disadvantages:

• reducing the height of the room;
• transfer of the dew point inside the structure;
• inconvenience of work.

Thermal protection of a pitched roof

Before you properly insulate the roof of the house, you need to understand the order of the work. In the vast majority of cases, pitched roofs are insulated between the rafters. Warming the roof from the inside with your own hands is quite a feasible task. It is important to follow the correct order of laying materials from the bottom up:

• interior decoration;
• bottom crate;
• vapor barrier;
• rafters with insulation between them;
• waterproofing;
• wind protection;
• crate;
• roofing material.

If the thickness of the insulation is greater than the height of the rafter legs, counter rails are installed. It is better to use modern diffusion membranes as wind protection and waterproofing.

Competent insulation, regardless of the type of roof, requires a careful approach. To avoid problems during operation, it is necessary to choose the right thickness of the insulation, choose a reliable manufacturer and follow the installation technology. The fulfillment of these conditions will allow the roof to serve for a long time and contribute to the preservation of the normal temperature and humidity conditions in the building.

We insulate the roof correctly: how to avoid mistakes

Roof insulation will create heat in the house. How and what is better to insulate the roof of a private house, we will describe in detail in this article.

Proper roof insulation

Insulation of the roof of the house is an important stage in the construction or overhaul of the roof. The choice of technology for installing a heat-insulating layer depends on the configuration of the roof, the type of insulation and the requirements that apply to the room located directly under the roof.

The need for roof insulation

How to insulate the roof to significantly reduce heat loss at home? First of all, you need to choose the right materials for insulation and strictly adhere to the installation technology. A high-quality insulated roof increases the thermal efficiency of the house by 15%, and allows you to turn the attic into a room suitable for year-round use.

The highest requirements are placed on the insulation of the roof of the residential attic of houses located in areas with cold winters. The roofing cake of summer attics or exploited attics may include a thinner layer of thermal insulation. The roof, under which an unused attic is located, is usually not insulated - thermal insulation is mounted on the floor of the attic or the ceiling of residential premises. An uninsulated non-residential attic is well ventilated, which prevents the wooden elements of the roof frame from rotting.

When installing pitched and flat roofs, different methods of roof insulation are used.

Flat roof insulation

How to make an insulated roof when installing a flat roof? It should be noted that a flat roof can be insulated both from the outside and from the inside.

The composition of the flat roof pie includes:

• vapor barrier;
• heat insulator;
• waterproofing layer of rolled material;
• bulk layer (drainage + cement-sand mixture).

External insulation is most conveniently performed using mineral basalt wool. You can also use expanded polystyrene and other rigid insulation. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that polymeric heaters cannot be used when installing roofing with high fire safety requirements.

Pitched roof insulation

The roofing pie of a pitched roof is made with insulation along the rafters. It is important to figure out how to properly insulate the roof of the house in order to prevent mistakes that will eventually lead to damage to wooden structures.

The most popular insulation in private housing construction is mineral wool. It is an easy-to-install non-combustible material that can be purchased at a low price. But the very structure of cotton wool contributes to the accumulation of moisture, which causes a significant decrease in the thermal insulation properties of the material, and also, over time, provokes decay of the elements of the truss system. Thus, when creating insulation, it is important to provide for proper ventilation and steam and waterproofing of the roofing pie.

Installation of a pitched roof heat insulator is carried out from the side of the attic during the construction or repair of the roof. If repair work is underway, before laying the insulation, it is necessary to check the condition of the rafters - rotting elements must be replaced with new ones. It is also worth treating all wooden structures with a fire-retardant compound.

Pitched Roof Pie Includes:

• finishing roofing;
• hydrobarrier (layer of waterproofing material);
• heat insulator;
• vapor barrier;
• interior decoration (optional).

Proper roof insulation requires high-quality air exchange, for which it is necessary to create air gaps between:

• roofing waterproofing and roofing;
• insulation and hydrobarrier;
• vapor barrier and inner lining (if provided).

Air circulation (free inflow and removal) is provided by special air ducts, one of which must be located in the roof overhang, and the second - under the ridge.

Materials for thermal insulation of a pitched roof

Roof insulation technology involves the use of various materials. The most popular heat insulators include mineral wool and glass wool (in slabs or rolls), plate polymer materials - polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene. The principles of their installation are similar, but it is worth noting that it is much easier and more convenient to mount plate material.

As a waterproofing, roofing material or a waterproofing membrane is usually used, impervious to water, but capable of removing moisture from the insulation. The vapor barrier can be made from:

• roofing material;
• polyethylene film;
• parchment;
• foil materials laid with foil towards the attic.

To create a roofing cake with high functional characteristics, it is recommended to use a special vapor barrier membrane to create a vapor barrier: it removes condensate outward from the insulation and does not let steam and moisture into the roofing cake.

Stages of work on the insulation of pitched roofs

The scheme of roof insulation is quite simple. First of all, you need to measure the distance between the rafters. Cotton wool insulation boards should be cut according to the results obtained, adding 1 centimeter. This will allow you to fix the heat insulator by surprise between the rafters. This stage of work is greatly simplified if the roofing system is initially designed and installed for the use of plate heaters of a certain width.

If there is no waterproofing between the rafters and the already installed roofing, the hydro-barrier must first be fixed. The membrane should envelop the rafters, it is most convenient to fix it with a construction stapler to the rafters themselves and to the roofing sheathing in the openings between them. The waterproofing must be led under the overhang at the bottom of the roof to ensure the removal of moisture. It should be borne in mind that with this method of attaching the hydrobarrier, the insulation has to be mounted without the necessary air gap. For this reason, it is recommended to use a superdiffusion membrane as a waterproofing.

If there is a waterproofing layer under the roofing, nails are stuffed onto the rafters in increments of about 10 cm. The nails should be located at a distance of 3-5 cm from the waterproofing layer. Between the nails it is necessary to stretch the polyethylene thread or cord, knocking them to the end. This will help create an air gap between the hydrobarrier and the insulation. If the heat insulator is planned to be fixed with a cord, and not with a sheathing for the inner lining, nails must also be stuffed along the outer edge of the rafters.

If, when determining how to insulate the roof of the house, a cotton slab insulation was chosen, then the prepared elements must be slightly squeezed and inserted between the rafters. When using stiffer foam boards and similar materials, it is important that they are accurately sized so that the boards fit snugly into the opening. Warming is recommended to be carried out in two layers. If it is necessary to mount in the opening not solid sheets, but narrower fragments, joining them in length or width, it is necessary to ensure that the joints of the second layer do not coincide with the joints of the first. The heat insulator should not protrude beyond the plane of the rafter legs. If the rafters are not wide enough to mount two layers of insulation, an additional beam is nailed to them.

The heat insulator is fixed between the rafters with a stretched cord fixed on pre-stuffed nails. Or, as a fastener, a crate of slats is used, designed for mounting the interior cladding of the room. The slats are nailed to the rafters in increments of 30-40 cm. In this case, the vapor barrier is fastened with a stapler to the rafters before the lathing is installed: the thickness of the slats allows you to create the necessary air gap between the vapor barrier and the sheathing.

When installing the vapor barrier, special attention is paid to the tightness of the layer. The panel is laid with an overlap of at least 10 cm, the joints should be glued with adhesive tape in two layers. It is necessary to perform the installation of a vapor barrier around the chimney and at the junctions with the walls with the highest quality. At the final stage, the cladding is installed using wood-containing or gypsum boards.

How to insulate the roof of a house correctly: video, insulation scheme, methods

Find out how to properly insulate your roof. Watch the video on how to insulate the roof of a house using various schemes, methods and types of insulation

Roof insulation: schemes and materials

How and with what materials can the attic and roof be insulated? Is it possible to insulate the roof from the outside? We will try to answer these and many other questions in the article.

The thermal imager shows the relative temperature of the surface of the walls and roof. Here the conclusions are obvious: we insulate the roof!

Cover or roof

Let's start with the main thing: first we need to decide what exactly is to be insulated. Should I build a pie from waterproofing and insulation along the roof or insulate the ceiling?

The answer is ridiculously simple. If the attic space is planned to be used as a residential attic, the roof is insulated. If the attic is used only for storage of rarely used items, the obvious choice is to insulate the ceiling between the residential part of the house and the attic.

• The area of ​​insulation in this case will be much smaller. If so, our costs will also be reduced.
• Insulating the ceiling is immeasurably easier than the roof. The heat-insulating material can simply be laid on a horizontal surface: there will be no problems with fixing it.

Useful: the attic can be summer, used only in the warm season. And in this case, it is more reasonable to insulate the ceiling.

Insulation of a flat roof stands apart. In this case, there is no particular choice: we will not only have to insulate the roof, but also provide reliable waterproofing with rainwater drainage.

Insulation schemes and materials used

flat roof

It is with her that we will begin the review of possible schemes.

polyurethane foam

Roof insulation with foam involves the use of an industrial installation for spraying components. Excellent adhesion of polyurethane foam allows you to insulate the roof with minimal preparation: you just need to thoroughly clean the surface of debris.

Thanks to the ability to apply a layer of variable thickness, an experienced operator can combine the insulation of a flat roof with leveling the recesses and creating the slope necessary for the water to drain.

For roofing, high-density foam is used - 60-80 kg/m3. This material is non-combustible and has excellent waterproofing qualities as a pleasant addition; however, additional water protection will be required. As a rule, a reinforced screed is poured over the insulation, on which additional waterproofing is laid - liquid rubber or, which is much cheaper, roofing material on bituminous mastic.

The material is very practical and durable; its main drawback is its high price.

Expanded polystyrene, polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is not afraid of moisture.

The material has a solid load; however, it is distributed evenly over its entire surface thanks to the screed lying on top. The use of extruded polystyrene foam or C-35 foam is recommended.

The material allows you to easily perform roof insulation with your own hands. On the surface cleared of debris, insulation sheets are laid out with minimal gaps; to avoid the appearance of cold bridges, the seams are foamed. The screed laid on top provides a roof slope (creation of a slope for water flow).

With the use of extruded polystyrene foam, it is possible to create the so-called inversion roof: the insulation is placed not under the waterproofing, but on it. A layer of drainage or even soil may be present on top. The inversion scheme is typical for an exploited roof.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool can be purchased in a roll or in slabs.

The method of application is completely identical to the previous material (See also the article How to insulate the roof with mineral wool: recommendations from professionals).

Floor insulation

Expanded clay, slag, sawdust

There are several nuances associated specifically with mineral wool:

1. Only glued insulation in the form of plates is used.
2. The thicker side of the board should be facing up.
3. The material is hygroscopic. Proper insulation with its use includes a layer of waterproofing between the mineral wool and the screed. In addition, a layer of vapor barrier is laid under the slabs on a concrete base or profiled sheet.

Floor insulation

Now let's look at ways to insulate the floor between the residential part of the house and the unused attic.

Expanded clay, slag, sawdust

Expanded clay insulation on a concrete floor is one of the cheapest. However, it will be quite laborious: it is not easy to drag several cubic meters of material into the attic.

Actually, in the case of a monolithic or slab reinforced concrete floor, no additional measures for vapor barrier or insulation protection are required: expanded clay or slag is covered with a continuous layer. Thickness - not less than 25 centimeters.

If the floor is wooden, a slightly more complex scheme is used.

1. From below, a board shield is hemmed along the beams.
2. A vapor barrier film is laid out on it.
3. The insulation is poured over the entire thickness of the beams.

The ceiling is insulated with sawdust.

Mineral wool

In this case, the instruction is a little more complicated: mineral wool slabs fill the space between the beams and are separated from the surrounding air by two layers of vapor barrier - from below and from above.

Styrofoam

Its use is most meaningful if you want to turn the attic into a summer attic.

One simple solution looks like this:

1. Plates of extruded polystyrene foam 2-3 centimeters thick are laid out on a flat floor surface. Concrete does not require any gasket between it and the insulation; on a wooden surface it is best to lay penofol with a reflective layer down. The seams are glued.
2. Flooring is laid on top - plywood, OSB or chipboard in two layers with overlapping seams. In this case, the floor will not play under your feet. The layers are fastened with short screws with a step of no more than 25 centimeters.
3. Linoleum is spread on the flooring or laminate is laid on the substrate.

Useful: the loggia or cold floor on the ground floor can be insulated in the same way.

pitched roof

Well, what does the insulation of the second floor look like under the roof? Obviously, in the case of an attic, we will have to use the space between the rafters for insulation.

Under the roof, in all cases, waterproofing must be present. The film is fastened with a stapler even at the stage of roof installation: it is laid in horizontal stripes, starting from the bottom. It is necessary that the inevitable condensate on the roof of a metal tile or profiled sheet does not get into the insulation.

Then the actual roofing material is laid along the crate. For slate and metal tiles, a crate made of a bar with a cross section of at least 25 mm is recommended; under all types of soft roofing (bituminous tiles, roofing felt, etc.) a solid shield assembly is required.

Any insulation made of hygroscopic material is protected from the inside with a vapor barrier film with mandatory sizing of the seams.

How can roofs be insulated?

• Polyurethane foam for roof insulation is also used. The space between the rafters is foamed; in this case, there is no need for vapor barrier.
• Ecowool, a cellulose-based insulation, can also be sprayed in a similar way. When wet laying, it also forms a continuous layer of thermal insulation between the rafters.

ecowool - cellulose-based insulation. When wet laying, it also forms a continuous layer of thermal insulation between the rafters.

• The technology of roof insulation using mineral wool slabs is simple and unpretentious: the slabs are inserted in a spacer between the rafters. For additional fixation, you can use a cord stretched between nails driven into the side surfaces of the rafters.

Attention: in this case, the vapor barrier should be insulated with special attention. Mineral wool is hygroscopic, and its thermal insulation qualities are highly dependent on the moisture content of the material.

• Foam boards are also inserted between the rafters; the seams are foaming. The calculation of the required thickness of this insulation for each climatic zone can be found in SNiP II-3-79 "Construction Heat Engineering".

Finally, extruded polystyrene foam can also be used to insulate the roof from the outside. It is glued to a solid shield - plank or plywood; then it is protected by waterproofing - roofing material with sizing of seams with bituminous mastic. Of course, the use of a burner in this case is unacceptable: the material is not heat-resistant.

As you can see, roof insulation with your own hands and with the use of industrial equipment is possible at any stage of construction.

Roof insulation from the outside: flat and soft roofs, second floor, attic with expanded clay, foam, metal tiles, do-it-yourself video installation instructions, SNIP, thickness, methods, technology, photo and price

Roof insulation from the outside: flat and soft roofs, second floor, attic with expanded clay, foam, metal tiles, do-it-yourself video installation instructions, SNIP,

Many people dream of their own home. When a dream becomes a reality, you have to face a lot of home maintenance problems.

One of these major problems is the roof of the house. It is necessary not only that it does not leak, but also that it is warm and reliable, so that in any frost it protects the house from cold and precipitation. And it doesn’t matter at all what kind of roof is in the house, sloping or flat, and whether it means an attic or an attic.

The house must necessarily be good, and it is not necessary to hire workers for this, because you can do it yourself.

First you need to prepare the roof for insulation: first of all, you need to carefully check the outer and inner parts of the roof, whether it is necessary to make repairs somewhere, fix and correct something, if there are any leaks and moisture.

Then, without fail, it is required to carefully treat all the wooden floors of the roof with a special solution to prevent the appearance of mold, and apply an anti-corrosion solution to the metal parts to prevent rust.

The need for roof insulation

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of materials for insulation at home with your own hands. It is necessary to select the insulation strictly according to the required dimensions, otherwise, if the insulation is somewhat less than the distance between the rafters from the inside of the roof, the thermal insulation will not be as effective, the cold will penetrate into the cracks that are not sealed.

In the process of insulation, it is necessary to ensure that both the heaters and the surface itself, where they are laid, remain dry all the time. It is necessary to do ventilation and vapor barrier to avoid unnecessary moisture.

The choice of material for roof insulation

So, the roof is prepared, now you need to choose the material for its insulation. On the modern market, there is such a variety of materials in order to insulate the roof that at first you can simply get confused.

However, if you sort it out in order, then it will not be so difficult to decide on the choice of insulation.

1. Fiberglass. This material is often used to insulate pitched roofs. It is distinguished by excellent thermal insulation and good soundproofing, provides vapor barrier and fire resistance, which again is important when choosing a material for roof insulation. Inside this insulation are fibers filled with air. This explains such good qualities of fiberglass. It is worth saying that this is one of the most economical ways to insulate the roof.
2. Polyurethane foam. This is a relatively modern way to insulate the roof with your own hands. This material, unlike many other materials, is not glued or nailed to the roof surface, but sprayed onto it. This is a very interesting way to insulate the roof: polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the entire necessary surface, it itself perfectly and reliably adheres to it and forms a continuous structure with absolutely no seams, which does not allow moisture or cold to pass through.
3. Styrofoam. This material has excellent value for money. In addition, the insulation has long and reliably established itself in the building materials market. Expanded polystyrene has excellent thermal insulation, soundproofing, its only drawback is that when performing work on roof insulation, you need to perform many, albeit simple, steps to install it.
4. Mineral wool. This has long been a well-known material in order to insulate the ceiling, mineral wool is inexpensive and easy to work with.

roof insulation technology

To insulate the roof, you need the following tools:

• hammer;
• Bulgarian;
• plane;
• hydraulic gun;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• screwdriver;
• clamping tool;
• goniometer;
• finisher;
• level;
• hacksaw.

To begin with, consider ways to insulate pitched roofs.

Before proceeding with the insulation, it is necessary to decide what purpose the room located directly under this roof will have.

If it is just an attic room, where there is no need for heat, then in this case we insulate the floor of the attic itself, that is, the overlap between the lags, it is there that the heaters should be laid, and not between the roof rafters. In this case, it is best to insulate the roof with your own hands with mineral wool. To do this, it is necessary to lay the insulation itself along the logs, and cover it with a membrane on top in order for steam to escape.

But in the event that under the roof it is supposed to make an attic-type living space, then the instructions on how to insulate the roof with your own hands will be completely different.

First you need to make a layer of waterproofing, in order to ensure that the insulation is protected from external influences, from possible wetting. Insulation must always be dry!

The waterproofing membrane should be laid over the battens on the outer side of the roof and secured with counter battens. Here it is possible that the waterproofing membrane will sag slightly - this is acceptable. The main thing is that the sagging is no more than 100 mm.

Then you should start directly warming. Slabs of material for insulation should be laid between the rafters in such a way that in no case there are gaps, and if it is planned to insulate the roof in two layers, then the insulation must be laid on top of each other so that the second layer necessarily overlaps the seams between the material in the first layer, that is, lay the insulation in a checkerboard pattern.

At the next stage, it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier film over the heaters, which will protect the material from condensation and unnecessary moisture. This vapor barrier membrane should be attached to the battens with a construction stapler. In those places where there are joints, the film should be overlapped with a large gap and additionally secured with adhesive tape.

Now you need to consider the insulation of a flat roof.

Here, as well as with a pitched one, first you need to decide on the purpose of the roof itself and the room that is located under it.

If you plan to use a flat roof as a garden area, sports ground or just a terrace, then in this case you need to pay special attention to the fact that the roof must be strong enough to withstand very serious loads.

For such a roof, you first need to make a cement screed directly on the reinforced concrete floor slab. This is done in order to form a slight slope.

After that, it is necessary to lay waterproofing according to the technology described above.

Then, a layer of expanded polystyrene with a density of more than 35 kg / sq.m must be laid on top, this layer must be covered with fiberglass in order to obtain good filtration.

A layer of gravel should be poured over the fiberglass. After that, you can decorate a flat roof at will with any tile, paving or floor.

Another algorithm of actions is also possible to insulate a flat roof. To do this, apply foam concrete to the vapor barrier layer so that the layer thickness is at least 270 mm, then lay a foam fiber concrete screed on top. On top of this entire structure, a membrane coating can be made.

In the event that there is an attic under a flat roof, then the vapor barrier and insulation should be laid in the attic itself, but the waterproofing layer should be laid under the roofing material itself.

Roof insulation - important and not so difficult

So, before proceeding with the insulation of the roof with your own hands, you should decide on some factors, in particular:

• Why is roof insulation required?
• what material will be most convenient for the insulation to be effective;
• think over the entire system of waterproofing and vapor barrier;
• whether the roof will be used in some other way.

It depends on these moments whether the insulation will be reliable and whether it will last for many years.

Often, the insulation of the whole house depends on the quality of the insulated roof, and it is best to approach this process with all responsibility, so that later the house will always be warm and comfortable.

How to insulate the roof in a private or civil building using cheap roof insulation? This question is asked by many people. Indeed, a house without a well-insulated roof loses the same, but with insulation.

After all, up to 30% of heat can go through the roof. Heat losses in an uninsulated house are so noticeable that some builders strongly recommend that roof insulation be introduced as a working element at the design stage.

Insulation and insulation of a pitched roof

Now we will figure out how to insulate the roof with maximum efficiency, spending a minimum of effort.

Roof insulation is carried out very often. It is extremely necessary if you are going to live in a house, saving your resources, and not wasting them on unnecessary heating.

There are two main types of roof structures:

Flat; Pitched with insulation of the attic of a private house.

A flat roof is characterized by the use of floor slabs as the main load-bearing elements and structures. Floor slabs are mounted directly on load-bearing walls. They are laid in almost the same way as ordinary floors.

That's just the elements of a flat roof are the only barrier between the cold air outside and inside the room. It would seem, why insulate a concrete slab, which has a rather impressive thickness?

And she needs insulation for the same reason as walls or foundations. Bearing structures made of concrete, no matter how strong and thick they are, still need insulation, as they tend to freeze and let cold air into the room.

They let it pass in small quantities, but if the structure is seriously cooled, then it itself will give the temperature inside the room, thereby cooling the air around.

A pitched roof is built using SNiP. However, SNiP is also used in the construction of a flat roof. But pitched differs in that its design is much more flimsy.

A pitched roof with PPU roof insulation consists of several wooden slopes that are held on sloping rafters. A crate is stuffed over the slopes, and the finishing roofing layer is mounted even higher. All work must be carried out in accordance with the standards specified by SNiP.

As you yourself understand, such a design is generally unable to effectively block cold air flows.

Insulation of a pitched roof with mineral wool

Salvation is the arrangement of the attic. Indeed, a properly installed attic can become a barrier between the cold air outside and the microclimate inside.

But these are only half measures. With a strong drop in temperature, the attic will also freeze, and behind it the floors. It is not surprising that the question of how to insulate the roof has become so popular in our time.

1.1 What insulation is used for the roof?

Before you start to understand the technology, how to properly insulate the roof of a house, you need to pay attention to the materials themselves, from which the thermal insulation of the roof will be arranged.

Warming can be done in different ways. However, over the past few decades, several of the most popular and effective solutions have emerged. For them, modern thermal insulation is used from materials that are on the market.

Most often, insulation is carried out using:

The use of mineral wool is almost always justified. This versatile material has no limits, as it has all the necessary characteristics.

With it, you can perform insulation both inside the house and outside. Although it is preferable to use mineral wool for finishing pitched roofs. This is evidenced by the current SNiP.

If we take a closer look at SNiP, we can understand that most mineral wool insulation does not have enough nominal density to finish a flat roof. And let's not forget that mineral wool is an expensive material.

Using Roof Butts Flat Roof Insulation Boards

Insulating large areas with it is not always productive and very expensive. However, there is basalt wool for a flat roof. Its most popular sample is the Rockwool Roof Butts model for insulating the attic from the inside.

This type of mineral wool is specially compacted and treated with substances that allow it to be used outside the house as a thermal insulation for a flat roof.

Moreover, the plates are marked there according to an interesting technology. Below, as a rule, lay the base plates (they are thicker and softer), and the so-called finishing plates are already mounted on top, which are characterized by increased density and complete hydrophobicity.

Expanded polystyrene is also in demand when it comes to roof insulation. But using it as a heater for stingrays is not the best solution. The main nuance here is that polystyrene foam is able to burn, and even more so, to sustain combustion on its own.

But the pitched roof is made of wood. It is quite obvious that it is not recommended to insulate it with combustible material. However, here the decision is yours.

The risk is not always justified, but in fact, the foam does its job really well. Therefore, if you do not have money for other options, then you can turn to this one.

The main direction of using expanded polystyrene is the insulation of unused attics and flat roofs. Here it fits almost perfectly, as it fits easily, is cheap and perfectly protects the roof surfaces from freezing.

To insulate operated roofs from the outside, the current SNiP recommends buying extruded polystyrene foam or foam plastic for do-it-yourself attic insulation. This foam has a much higher strength. You can safely walk on it, and even put heavy objects on the foam base.

In combination with all the initial positive characteristics of conventional polystyrene foam, as well as additional advantages in the form of low flammability, foam plastic has firmly taken its place as a roofing insulation.

2Insulation technology

There are a lot of insulation technologies directly. If you look at only one SNiP for roof insulation, you can find at least three such technologies. But SNiP is only a basic document.

Waterproofing rafters and slopes

We will now consider the two most popular solutions.

One will concern the insulation of pitched roofs. And the second focuses on the arrangement of thermal insulation of a flat unexploited roof. to the menu

2.1 Pitched roof insulation

How to properly insulate the roof of a pitched house? Yes, very simple. This is done in an elementary way.

But first, we note that it is recommended to insulate a pitched roof only with mineral wool. In our method, it is she who is taken into account.

Moreover, cotton wool is taken special. It has a slightly lighter overall structure. This affects both the weight of the plates and their elasticity.

Stages of work:

We think over the insulation scheme, measure the frame of the rafters. We mount the waterproofing on the inner cavity of the slopes. We lay the plates between the rafters as when insulating the roof of the building with mineral wool. If necessary, we mount the second level of insulation. We also mount a vapor barrier film or membrane against wind loads. .We mount the finish coating.

The installation of insulation is carried out according to a very simple, and even pleasant procedure.

All that is required of you is to correctly position the mineral wool between the rafters. As a rule, the width of the slab is slightly greater than the width of the opening. But its elasticity allows you to install the plate without any problems.

The second level of insulation is mounted on the basis of special calculations. It is not always necessary, but it is rarely superfluous.

It is desirable that the insulation for slopes has a thickness of 10 centimeters, therefore, if your thermal insulation layer does not reach this indicator, then it is better to set another level.

At the second level, the plates are overlapped, trying to block the previous joints, thus isolating the cold bridges.

Installation of the finishing coating of a flat roof on foam slabs

To increase the reliability of fastenings, cotton wool can be additionally fixed with dowels with a wide cap. But this is already done at will. To the menu

2.2 Flat roof insulation

Insulation of a flat roof structure is carried out using a different technology, which, incidentally, is quite natural. Here our task is the correct laying of the insulation, and then its waterproofing. Moreover, the lion's share of all work is given for waterproofing.

Do not pay attention to the fact that polystyrene foam is used in the work, which is not afraid of moisture at all. It does not matter when it comes to discussing the need to install reliable waterproofing.

For a flat roof, waterproofing is perhaps the most important part of it. According to the simplest algorithm, it is performed from several levels of roofing material, which is smeared with bituminous mastic.

Roofing material and mastic are perfectly combined with polystyrene foam boards, and their density allows you to walk on roofing material without fear of falling through or damaging the thermal insulation layer.

Stages of work:

We prepare the base, if necessary, prime it, clean it from dirt. We mount the first level of expanded polystyrene on the mortar. We coat the joints between the plates. We mount the second level of insulation. Laying is also carried out with an overlap and using the same technology. We install a waterproofing film. We apply bitumen mastic and glue the base layer of roofing material. We install roofing material waterproofing.

But to do it or not is up to you. For operated roofs, such measures will be clearly useful. to the menu

2.3Insulation of roof slopes (video)

A private house has its advantages over an apartment, but at the same time, furnishing it is a serious responsibility. This housing is created for at least decades of permanent life, and it must be comfortable and convenient.

Given the Russian climate, the ability of a living space to retain heat is of particular importance. Our ancestors used various organic materials to insulate their homes; now, along with the development of building technologies, new materials have appeared that can provide a dry and warm indoor climate. In this article, the reader will learn about one of the most important points - how to insulate the roof of a private house with your own hands.

What to look for when choosing a heater

Since warm air tends to rise, proper roof insulation is not only logical, but also necessary to maintain an acceptable temperature in the house. On the one hand, the roofing material used for insulation should not let out warm air, on the other hand, it should not let cold air masses in from the outside.

The gable roof is the most common in Russia; it has been equipped since ancient times, when log wooden houses were built. Firstly, it retains heat well, and secondly, moisture and snow roll off it without getting inside the housing.

Scientific and technological progress has affected the construction, new types of heaters appear that have excellent technical parameters. What should you pay attention to when choosing?

The indicator of environmental friendliness is in the first place, since the material, one way or another, constantly affects people. It is important that the insulation in no case emit substances harmful to health. For example, in summer, under the influence of the sun, it can heat up: even in this case, the insulation must be completely environmentally friendly.

Now the state regulates these indicators, therefore, when buying, you need to check that the building material has certificates of quality and safety. Thermal conductivity - according to its indicator, a person can judge how effectively the material retains heat. It is determined by the coefficient λ - the lower it is, the more effective the insulation. This means that less material will need to be laid for insulation.

Accordingly, this also affects the strength of the load on the building. Water absorption. When insulating the roof, the material will constantly come into contact with moisture, this is completely natural. The insulation should absorb as little liquid as possible: the more moisture it contains, the more heat will be dissipated.

In addition, the presence of water can cause rotting and decomposition processes (important for organic insulation), which significantly reduces the life of the building material. This indicator is determined by the coefficient: a small value means high quality. Soundproofing is a parameter necessary for comfortable living in a house. The better this indicator for the selected insulation, the more inconspicuous will be the noise from rain and precipitation. Combustibility.

For insulation of a private house, it is recommended to use class G1 building materials. This means that they do not burn without exposure to open fire. Density and specific gravity make it clear what load the insulation will exert on the structure of the house. Resistance to temperature changes. This means that the material will retain its properties and shape both in frost and in heat.

Also important when choosing: vapor permeability properties (the ability to "breathe"), service life (durability) and ease of installation.

The most common heaters

When choosing how to insulate the roof of your house, it must be said that there are the following groups of materials:

bulk; rolled; slab; sprayed.

Below will be considered in more detail the features of the most popular heaters, which can be installed with your own hands or using special devices.

sawdust

This is one of the most popular traditional heaters that has been used since ancient times. In some places, they are still used today, however, modern building materials are increasingly occupying this market niche.

Sawdust is a natural insulation that has many advantages: it breathes, is environmentally friendly and neutral (it is hypoallergenic).

There are also disadvantages: this insulation rots over time, rodents settle and breed in it - mice and rats, which is important for a private house. And most importantly, it is a fire hazardous combustible material, which is important to consider when choosing a roofing insulation.

Speaking about the properties of thermal insulation, the material is able to effectively insulate the house if it is applied evenly to half the attic. This wood material creates a favorable climate in the house, lowering the temperature in summer and keeping warm in winter.

Attention! This option is suitable only if the attic space is not operated in any way. Otherwise, it is better to use other heaters.

Since this is a bulk material, it can be used to insulate flat roofs with a small slope. It insulates well if during installation it is compacted and covered with a reinforcing mesh, which will maintain the uniformity of the coating. This work can be easily done by hand.

The main drawback of the insulation is its high specific gravity: the expanded clay layer significantly increases the load on the foundation and load-bearing walls of the house. To achieve good thermal insulation, installation must be carried out in the right way.

Ecowool

In another way, it can be called cellulose - this insulation is created from waste paper. It is an excellent material for roof insulation because it:

environmentally friendly; well insulates sound; has excellent thermal insulation.

Manufacturers treat ecowool with special compounds for disinfection, excluding the appearance of rodents, and flame retardants to reduce flammability (as the main disadvantage of cellulose). Also, the advantage of the material in its availability is that it is inexpensive.

There is only one minus and it is connected with the installation features. If you do it yourself, you will need to prepare and purchase special equipment. The insulation is blown into the roof truss system, for this it will be necessary to equip closed spaces, which the material will fill.

Mineral wool

This is one of the most common ways to insulate roofs of houses. It can be produced in the form of plates and rolls. It is created from mountain minerals and is fibrous in its structure, has many advantages:

excellent thermal insulation; environmental friendliness; resistant to biological effects, does not rot; the fibrous structure makes it possible to "breathe", pass steam; the material does not burn; easy to mount and calculate due to the presence of stable dimensions.

For example, stone wool is used to ensure the fire safety of the roof, in addition to insulation.

It should be noted that moisture can worsen the thermal insulation characteristics of the material, therefore, during installation, it is imperative to monitor the presence of ventilation and waterproofing of mineral wool.

glass wool

It is also a well-known insulation, in its properties it is similar to mineral wool. Made from melted glass.

Important! Due to glass microparticles, filters and respiratory protection must be used during installation.

This insulation is made by foaming glass with carbon, due to which the material acquires:

environmental friendliness; incombustibility; resistance to bioinfluence; low rate of water absorption; long service life.

They insulate any roofs, during installation they use glue to better fix the glass on the roof.

Styrofoam

Or, more simply, styrofoam. A very popular material for roof insulation. This insulation is well insulated, waterproof, does not absorb steam.

Important! It is suitable only for pitched roofs due to flammability and inability to "breathe", pass steam.

Expanded polystyrene plates are mounted in one layer between the rafters on the roof in a tight manner, without gaps. To exclude them, all joints and joints are filled with mounting foam. Top can also be reinforced with tape.

polyurethane foam

It is also a good insulator. Its advantages:

light weight; very low thermal conductivity; resistance to bio-impact; excellent waterproofing; good sound insulation.

The material is mounted using plates or by spraying. In the latter case, special equipment, including protective equipment, will be required. The advantage of this method is that polyurethane foam will fill all the cracks.

Speaking of slabs, they are fairly rigid but easy to handle, great for DIY installation.

Penoizol

This material is similar in its qualities to ordinary polystyrene, and as a heater it can compete with mineral wool and polystyrene foam. And thanks to the price-quality ratio, in some cases it is even better.

Warming also occurs with the help of spraying. For this, special equipment is used. The insulation fills all the cracks well, and after drying it does not have a lot of weight.

The material is completely environmentally friendly and safe for human health. Of the minuses - absorbs moisture, because the roof must be well vapor barrier.

foam concrete

This insulation is durable and reliable, it consists of concrete, cement and sand. It is applied using special equipment with a layer up to 150 mm; machine installation foams the solution, reduces its density. Due to this, the insulation does not exert a large load on the building and foundation.

The building material is an excellent thermal insulator; it is non-toxic and fireproof. Foaming of foam concrete gives it the ability to "breathe" even after hardening.

Conclusion

In modern times, a lot of new building materials have appeared that provide good thermal insulation. Some synthetic substances are close to natural properties, which makes it possible to make the microclimate in the house better and more favorable. It is really possible to mount these heaters with your own hands and do it for years.

How to insulate the roof with your own hands? First of all, let's talk about the parameters of the roof, which are responsible for its thermal insulation qualities. One of the main ones is the presence of an insulating "pie" - a multilayer structure that does not allow heat to leave the building.

What to look for when choosing materials?

How to insulate the roof of a private house? What characteristics and dimensions of insulation for the roof should be?

Thermal insulation materials are characterized by:

• thermal conductivity coefficient;
• density;
• ability to absorb water;
• combustibility;
• environmental safety.

These parameters should be taken into account when choosing thermal insulation materials. Let's talk about them in a little more detail.

The coefficient of thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity) in the case of insulating materials should have the smallest possible value - it is he who determines the insulating qualities of materials. A low value of this parameter indicates the ability of the material to better retain heat.

The density of the insulation material, that is, its mass in a volume of 1 m 3 (remember, who forgot, the school physics course) determines the weight load on the rafter support-rafter system of the roof, wall and, accordingly, on the foundation of the building.

The moisture absorption coefficient in the topic of roof insulation should also be as low as possible. Since most heat-insulating materials, when moisture enters them, lose their heat-insulating qualities, nullifying the effectiveness of all work on roof insulation. Therefore, waterproofing and vapor barrier of insulating material must be approached with all responsibility and seriousness. And the insulation material must have high moisture resistance - in other words, low moisture absorption capacity.

Combustibility - determines the tendency of the material to ignite easily and maintain the combustion process. Naturally, it is necessary to use materials with low flammability in order to avoid the possibility of "one-time heating" from the roof of the building.

Today it is fashionable to talk about the environmental safety of the material. This also applies to roof insulation. After all, even insignificant releases of substances harmful to human health, “multiplied” by a significant time spent in a building, can significantly reduce the time spent by this very person in full health.

Let's sum up the results! So what is the best roof insulation? We answer: the material must have low thermal conductivity with high moisture resistance, have sufficient mechanical strength, not support combustion and be safe for human health! Like this! Do we all know? Let's go to the building supermarket!

What insulation to choose for the roof in the store?

The current state of the building materials market allows even a specialist to get lost in it. The “counter” of insulating materials for the roof is more “narrow”, but anyway, to navigate it, you need to know at least the main types of heaters. This will make it easier for you to communicate with both the sales assistant and the craftsmen if you decide to use their roofing services.

As part of the roof insulation, we will focus on:

• mineral wool (mineral wool);
• glass wool;
• polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam);
• and also talk about extruded polystyrene foam.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool (mineral wool) is a fibrous material obtained by melting and spraying mineral substances of mountain origin. Due to its fibrous structure, this mineral wool is an excellent heat-insulating material.

This material is delivered to the place of work either in the form of rolls or in the form of plates. This material has a fairly high density, which in some samples reaches 200 kg/m 3 .

From the financial side, mineral wool can be called a "budget insulation" - both the material itself and the prices for its installation are quite "democratic".

glass wool

From the point of view of operational functionality, glass wool is similar to mineral wool. The raw material for its production is waste glass production. When choosing it, you should study the indicators discussed above and choose the best option.

Attention! Be careful! Work with glass wool must be carried out without fail in a protective suit in compliance with safety regulations when working with glass wool, which can be harmful to health during work with it.

But in general, the use of glass wool can qualitatively and permanently solve the problem of roof insulation.

Styrofoam

The use of foam plastic as a heater is determined by its cellular structure. This is a material formed by a foamed polymer material that has solidified in this state. The density of the foam is quite low, which, together with its high thermal insulation qualities, determines the popularity of using this material. Polyfoam also has good soundproofing parameters. Styrofoam is produced only in the form of plates of various thicknesses and various densities. The price of this material is the lowest of the cost of all listed materials.

Extruded (extruded) polystyrene foam

Extruded polystyrene foam has a “related” chemical composition with foam, but incomparably higher performance in the field of thermal insulation.

This is due to fundamentally different technological processes of their production. If the production of polystyrene consists in reusable "steaming" with water vapor of polystyrene granules placed in a block form. The granules repeatedly increase in volume until they occupy the entire shape, as a result of which they “sinter” among themselves. But with an increase in granules, micropores on their surface also increase.

This leads to weakening of the bonds between the foam granules over time, and especially under the influence of the environment. As a result, the material can crumble into granules under the influence of the slightest mechanical force. Weak bonds between the granules also explain the “brittleness” of the material during fracture deformation.

Extruded polystyrene foam is devoid of such disadvantages. In the manufacturing process in the extruder, the entire volume of raw materials is first heated to the melting point, a homogeneous mass is formed, which is subjected to further transformation. The result of the process is a strong microporous structure of closed cells filled with gas, interconnected by molecular bonds. The "closedness" of the cells determines the water resistance and vapor permeability of such polystyrene foam at high thermal insulation parameters.

Thermal insulation materials - let's compare a little ...

What is the best way to insulate the roof of a house? You decide…

Wadded materials, unlike polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene, are also good sound insulators.

But, at the same time, mineral wool is highly susceptible to moisture. If the insulation absorbs moisture up to 2% of its mass, it will lose up to 50% of its effectiveness. Therefore, such a heat-insulating material requires increased attention in terms of the organization of waterproofing and vapor barrier.

Attention! When buying, pay attention to the integrity of the package - you can buy already "moistened" mineral wool.

It should also be understood that the cotton wool fibers themselves are hydrophobic (repel cotton wool), but being "in the body" of the cotton material, they form microvoids between themselves, where moisture is "absorbed" very well. Pay attention not to the hydrophobicity of cotton wool, but to such a parameter as moisture resistance.

The flammability of the material must also be taken into account. It is desirable to use materials with flammability class G1. The materials of this group, when the source of ignition is eliminated, will themselves die out.

What insulation to choose for the roof? Suitable for your budget, mounting options and desired effect.

Roof insulation with mineral wool

Before insulating the roof with mineral wool, it is necessary to calculate the roof insulation and decide on the method of its installation: from above (in the absence of roofing) or from the inside.

The first method, in our opinion, is preferable, as it provides more convenient access to the roof truss structure.

Mineral wool heaters are sufficiently elastic materials, which makes it easy to mount a “spreader” by cutting off 2-3 cm more in width than the distance between the rafters.

The design of the roofing "pie" is as follows:

Depending on the material used for waterproofing, there are two options for its installation:

Consider the option of outdoor installation of thermal insulation for the roof during its construction. The diffusion waterproofing membrane Fakro Eurotop N35 with a vapor permeability index of 1300 g/m 2 per day was used as a waterproofing agent. This material can be safely placed on the surface of the insulation, which makes it easier to mount the insulation boards.

Mineral wool produced by TechnoNIKOL was used as a heat-insulating material.

The sequence of work or how to properly insulate the roof of the house with mineral wool:

Attention! In this article, as an example, high-rise work on roof insulation is considered. We recommend that you follow safety precautions and use safety equipment when doing it yourself!

1. We lay one row of waterproofing membrane on the roof overhang, fixing it with a stapler.

2. On top of the laid film along the rafters, we break through the counter-rails (25x40 mm) 66 cm long. This length of the counter-rails will allow you to conveniently fix the first rows of the crate, being on the roof itself.

3. Orienting along the edges of the rafters, we fasten the first plank of the crate with self-tapping screws, which should be 10-15 mm thicker than all the others (30x30 mm, 30x50 mm or 30x100 mm).

This is dictated by the fact that the edge of the metal tile sheet will not lie on the crest of the wave, but will lie on a plane. To compensate for the mismatch in heights, the first rail is taken thicker.

4. Each subsequent beam of the crate should be 350 mm apart from the previous one (the wavelength of the metal tile).

5. Now that there are 3-4 rows of battens, and they can be used to move around the roof, we move on to the “internal” work. From the inside, we pierce a membrane-type waterproofing film with a stapler, and on top of it we fasten the inner crate with self-tapping screws, which will serve as a support for the heat-insulating material.

6. We lay layers of mineral wool on the outside of the roof. In this case, two layers of insulation were used, so when laying it, it is necessary to use offset joints.