Do-it-yourself home heating. How to make heating in a private house with your own hands

Sooner or later, the owners of suburban real estate are faced with the question of how to properly make heating in a private house without outside help. However, for this you will have to delve into all the subtleties of the system. A common heat carrier for heating residential premises is ordinary water, which reaches the desired temperature values ​​​​after passing through a special boiler. Although innovative options for heat storage have been emerging recently, they are currently not widely used.

Principle of operation

It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the functioning of the water heating system in order to avoid mistakes during installation by yourself. In addition, you need to be able to find faults in extreme cases, because when you call the master, you will have to say goodbye to a considerable sum of money. It should be understood that the water system is a closed network, including heating devices and pipelines.

Elements

Before you learn how to make heating in a private house yourself, in any case, you need to familiarize yourself with the entire structure. Such systems usually include a standard set of equipment. Heating control is usually carried out by changing the temperature of the coolant.

However, when installing control valves, it becomes possible to change the microclimate in different rooms.

• Thermal point, which in most cases is a whole complex of devices located in special rooms. In them, the consumption modes are controlled, the coolant parameters are adjusted, and the like.
• Pipelines are used to transfer heated liquid to heating devices. Their wiring can be performed according to various schemes. These elements are installed in an open way or removed under the finishing coating.
• Convectors and required to transfer heat to the room in which they are located. The first of them create a more powerful flow of ascending air, but there are certain difficulties in cleaning. As for radiators, their essential part of heating occurs due to thermal radiation.
• Temperature controllers very often began to be used in heating systems. They consist of a thermostatic head and a valve. When the temperature in the room drops below the set limit, the gas pressure decreases. In this regard, the opening of the passage section occurs.

Note! Working batteries significantly reduce the level of humidity in the air, and this figure can drop to 20-25 percent. Therefore, it is recommended to use humidifiers or install an aquarium.

Fluid circulation options

In fact, the movement of water inside pipelines can be natural or forced. However, in each of them, the coolant moves in a circle, reaching a certain temperature in the boiler.

1. Forced circulation is created using a special pump, the power of which can vary. It is with its help that the liquid is set in motion. With this method, it is quite possible to regulate the temperature of individual radiators.

1. Natural circulation is provided without special devices, and the movement occurs due to the difference between the densities of chilled and heated water. In this case, there must be a sufficient diameter of the vertical risers to form a motive force.

Addition! The first option in the conditions of the modern world began to be used much more often. The only drawback is the dependence of the heating system on the electrical network.

Choosing the Right Equipment

With the development of technology, modern devices for generating heat have become distinguished by high efficiency and automatic control. They also provide an opportunity to reduce energy consumption to some extent and rationally use resources.

Information about boilers

These devices are closed tanks, where the coolant is heated to the required levels. In addition, there are double-circuit analogues, which, along with this, supply the dwelling with hot water.

With this option, there is no need to purchase additional equipment, which has a positive effect on the family budget.

• are used where there is a backbone network of this energy source. In the process, natural gas is burned, the price of which is quite low. As for the installation site, such products can be located on the floor or on the side plane of the room.
• Solid fuel boilers- special designs made of cast iron or steel. Their task is to generate thermal energy by burning solid materials. As raw materials, as a rule, firewood, fuel granules, peat, coal and so on are used.
• Liquid fuel analogues consist of an insulated body containing a combustion chamber with a network of branched channels. Diesel-powered units can be equipped with a special heat exchanger to increase efficiency.
• Electric boilers have many advantages, but from an economic point of view they are considered not very profitable, since electricity is used as a feedstock.
• Combined installations capable of operating on several types of fuel. Thus, it is possible to save depending on seasonal phenomena or time of day. The changeover to another operating variant is carried out by replacing the burner or by normal switching.

Attention! The installation of combined structures is practically no different from the installation of conventional devices. Combined models do not require an additional chimney.

Selection of pipelines

The tightness of the heating system will depend on them, therefore, serious requirements are imposed on quality. Their task is not only to maintain the temperature regime. The coolant should not go beyond the closed circuit, which can only be provided by products with good strength characteristics.

Two broad product groups can be distinguished.

1. Products based on plastics have recently been in incredible demand. This is especially true for polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. The first of them is characterized by increased resistance to abrasion, and the second is able to successfully withstand chemicals.
2. Metal pipes have sufficient mechanical strength, so they continue to be a good option. However, they have a relatively low resistance to corrosion. Although the same cannot be said about stainless steel and copper products.

Note! Recently, a composite material has been actively used - metal-plastic, which combines different layers. As a rule, the metal base is inside, ensuring the preservation of the shape.

Heat storage devices

Such devices include convective-radiation structures, including separate sections with channels inside. Heating is carried out by means of radiation or convection. Most people purchase products based primarily on aesthetic preferences, but this approach is not correct.

• Sectional radiators consist of sections produced by high pressure casting. They are connected to each other by threaded elements. Sealing is carried out using gaskets made of various materials.
• Panel structures are rectangular panels, consisting of steel sheets welded together. The height and width of products can vary significantly.
• Tubular devices are considered the most expensive option. First of all, they are designed for a pressure of 10-15 atmospheres. The possibility of leakage is practically absent due to welded joints.
• Plate heat exchangers provide heating with the help of special elements in the form of steel rectangles. Usually their thickness ranges from 0.4 to 1 mm.

Addition! As for the materials used in production, bimetallic products are widely used, which differ from aluminum counterparts in the presence of steel inserts.

Execution of works

After getting acquainted with the constituent elements of their types, it's time to learn how to make heating in a country house or in any other dwelling. For installation, you will need a simple set of tools, which is not so difficult to manage. However, when working with polypropylene pipes, a welding machine will also be required.

Boiler installation

This section covers the installation of a wall-mounted gas appliance. This is an easier option. First of all, you should decide on the location, and all requirements must be met. They are usually in the project or in the passport for the heating device.

1. First of all, a special bar is fixed to the side surface, on which the boiler will be fixed. It is always included in the equipment kit. When working, anchors are used.
2. Next, the boiler itself is suspended and connected to the chimney. Usually it is made of sheet steel. Training videos often reflect these points.
3. After that, you can mount the supply pipeline, which is fastened using polypropylene couplings. The other side is soldered.

Important! As for the gas pipe, it is connected to the heating device by the gas service specialists. Therefore, it will not be possible to carry out this event on our own.

Installation of heating radiators

In addition to the heating devices themselves, a certain set of parts will be required: brackets and dowels, four plugs, plugs and a Mayevsky crane, which is an air release device.

1. In the side of the room, marks are made with a pencil where the brackets will be located. Marking is carried out by level.
2. Holes of the required diameter are drilled in the wall, which primarily depends on the dowel used.
3. Next, the necessary elements are connected to the battery. The part is unscrewed from the crane, and the winding is wound onto the thread. A union nut is already put on it, screwing into the cork. Cranes are also screwed on.
4. Now you should solder the branch pipes with one edge to the tee, and the other to the radiator tap.
5. After connecting all the elements, the device is fixed.

Attention! When marking, it is necessary to take into account the height of the product from the window sill to the floor. In addition, it must be borne in mind that the brackets must be installed in such a way that they are located between the sections.

Polypropylene pipe welding

• In the process of soldering at the joints of the parts, a side should be obtained. Without fail, a uniform passage around the entire circumference is required.
• To prevent traces of linear expansions from being visible, a compensator is used, located in an inconspicuous place.
• The elements are heated with a soldering iron for no more than five seconds. The temperature is set to 270 degrees.
• After connecting the individual parts, you should hold the parts in a certain position for some time, which any welding instruction tells.
• Depending on the heat, the sleeve moves to the side, leaving a special mark. Elements need to be squeezed together.
• After docking, the two parts are held for about thirty seconds to harden the junction.
• The soldering iron itself has two nozzles, each of which is designed for different sides.
• The heat-up time can be greatly extended when welding large diameter workpieces.

One of the possible options, often used to heat a country house, especially in conditions of permanent residence in it, is the use of water heating. However, considering the installation of heating, a private house in which it will be performed, you may be faced with the fact that it will be necessary to determine how the project will be implemented. Each of them has its own characteristics that may influence your choice.

About water heating

The principle of operation of such heating is clear to everyone - water is heated in the heating boiler and then enters the batteries, passing through which it gives off heat to the surrounding air. Making heating in a private house, working on the described principle, is quite simple, but the fact is that in this case it is necessary to take into account a number of additional factors, from the choice of equipment to its location and connection.

The answer to these questions largely determines what kind of heating will be, and how we conduct heating in a private house.

About coolant circulation

It should be noted another feature inherent in water heating. Hot water circulation in the system can be provided in several ways:

• natural or gravitational;
• forced.

Natural circulation is based on the fact that cold water is heavier than hot water, and therefore water with a higher temperature rises. With this method of circulation of the coolant, heating in a private house must take into account some additional requirements that are clear when considering the above figure:

These are the following requirements:

• the diameter of the supply pipe must be larger than the other pipes;
• it is necessary to ensure a slope when laying pipes from the expansion tank to the radiator and from the latter to the boiler, water must flow to the batteries and the boiler by gravity;
• the expansion tank must be located above all other elements of the system.

The advantage of this approach is the possibility of heating operation without the use of additional devices (pumps or blowers), in this case it can also work when there is no electricity (breakage of power lines, accident and other power failures, as well as its complete absence). The disadvantage should be considered a small radius of use due to low pressure.

When using forced circulation, a pump is built into the heating system, providing the necessary pressure and supplying the coolant to the right place. Such a system is universal and can be used for any type of installation and in any building.

Single pipe installation

Such a installation scheme for heating a private house is the least expensive and most independent of external conditions. What is such a heating scheme, you can understand from the figure below:

The considered installation of the heating system of a private house provides for the passage of hot water through all radiators. In this case, the system can be made both with vertical wiring and with horizontal wiring, the connection diagram for heating a private house with both types of wiring is shown below:

Such a single-pipe heating wiring in a private house is called Leningradka. According to experts, this is one of the most common options for water heating. Its advantage is the lower cost of materials required for laying heating in a private house, and the lower cost of installation work. You can learn more about the features of the system using the video

One of the advantages of such a system can be considered its versatility, it can work with natural water circulation and forced.

Two-pipe installation

A diagram of how the installation of heating systems for private houses looks like is shown in the figure:

Hot water enters each radiator independently (from the common line through a separate pipe), and then returns to the common line in the same way to enter the boiler and reheat.

Such a heating system is the most versatile and can be used in any private houses, regardless of the number of storeys and sizes.

The peculiarities of using this installation option include increased costs for materials and components (pipes, pump, fittings, etc.) as well as a significant amount of work, typical for cases when such a heating installation is carried out in a private house.

About other options and possibilities

The above types of installation do not cover all possible ways of constructing water heating wiring. It was noted above that single-pipe wiring can be horizontal and vertical. Two-pipe wiring is performed in the same way. In addition, for any mounting options, different connection of radiators is permissible:

It is worth noting that other installation options can be used in order to ensure greater heating efficiency in specific conditions, but this should be done by specialists, achieving the maximum return on heating. The data given covers the most popular and most commonly used mounting options.

How is all this implemented?

There are various approaches to creating heating. But only heating focused on locally available resources and fuel is the right heating for a private house.

Given that any heating system is a rather complex hydraulic system, it is best to entrust its design and subsequent installation to professionals, firms and organizations involved in this on an ongoing basis. In this case, you can always get advice on the operation of the installed system, as well as contact them to repair it if it is damaged.

You can do this work yourself, in this case, the cost of creating and installing heating will be minimal, but you will also have to make claims for poor-quality work.

In your own home, heating should be designed to use affordable and cheap energy sources, as well as to work in autonomous conditions, for example, in the absence of electricity. In addition, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the implementation of plans to create a heating system, given that this is a rather complicated and expensive procedure.

During the construction of a private house, one of the most important stages is the installation of a heating system, because the comfort and coziness of the household depends on this. Fortunately, today the market offers various options for arranging a heating system. In supermarkets, you can easily purchase equipment, materials and tools that may be needed during the installation process.

Many owners, who already spend a lot of money on construction, strive to save money and take on some of the steps with their own hands. You can equip the heating system if you have at least the slightest idea of ​​what it is, how it works, what it should consist of. Of course, it is better to first consult with a professional who will help you calculate and choose the most profitable and effective options in each case.

Before choosing a heating system for a private house, you need to find answers to a number of questions. It is necessary to take into account the parameters of the house, the number of storeys, the total area and dimensions of each of the heated rooms, determine where the boiler will stand, which unit to install, which coolant. All elements of the heating system are available at the building supermarket, however, you will have to assemble them yourself.

Today, two types of heating systems are actively used: open and closed. Open or gravitational consists of the following elements:

• boiler, where the coolant is heated;
• expansion tank;
• radiators;
• heating pipes.

The main role in open systems is played by gravity, under the influence of which the heated coolant from the boiler spreads over the batteries. The main advantage of this option is its energy independence. As for the disadvantages, there are more of them: the system warms up slowly, the coolant constantly evaporates from the expansion tank, while the latter must be at the highest point in the system.

A closed heating system provides for the installation of a closed-type expansion tank and a circulation pump. This option is more practical, since you can additionally make a "warm floor", the house is always warm and comfortable, the elements of the system are arranged arbitrarily, there is no need to calculate and observe the slope of the pipes when performing installation work.

Types of heating systems

In most cases, owners of private houses prefer heating systems with a water coolant. This is the most versatile, convenient and economical option, however, there are others. There are two main questions that need to be answered before proceeding with the arrangement of the heating system: how to warm up and how to heat.

• Air. It can be either a fully air heating system or a “warm floor”. In this case, the low heat capacity of air must be taken into account. This option justifies itself when heating such premises as a corridor, an entrance hall, a veranda;
• water vapor It is mainly used for heating industrial premises of a large area. Such a system requires constant monitoring;
• Water- the most optimal way to heat a large private house. Such a system is efficient and compact, undemanding in maintenance. For the arrangement, plastic pipes are used;
• Antifreeze in terms of its qualities, it is in no way inferior to a water coolant, however, it costs much more, it releases toxins, so it is imperative to take care of high-quality sealing.

As for the heat source, there may also be different options. For our latitudes, natural gas is considered the most economical fuel, therefore, gas heating boilers are used to heat most households. There are also electric, solid fuel and combined. There is a wide range of models on the market, which allows you to choose the most suitable option in each case.

With water coolant

Water heating is an affordable, economical, efficient option for heating a private house, which has been used for many years, but has not lost its popularity. To ensure the high-quality operation of the heating system, it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of radiators, buy a powerful boiler, connect all the elements correctly and start the coolant (water). Such a system is easy to maintain, durable and reliable. The circulation of liquid through the pipes is carried out either using a circulation pump or by gravity.

• forced circulation- a great way to heat a large house on two or three floors. A mandatory element of such a system is a pump that supplies cold water to the boiler and hot water from it. There are fully automated pumps on sale that are able to independently start at the right time and control the temperature of the coolant;
• natural circulation. Water can circulate independently through the elements of the heating system, if the equipment is correctly placed during installation and the pipes are set at a certain slope. This option is used extremely rarely today, it justifies itself in one-story houses of a small area.

Any boiler is suitable for arranging a heating system with a water carrier, but only with an electric one you will not need a chimney. The number of radiators and pipes depends on the area of ​​the house.

air heating

Increasingly, an air heating system is being used, which involves the installation in each room of the house of special channels or heaters through which hot air enters. Heating elements can be located on the ceiling or walls. There are several types of air heating.

• Local It is used if there is a need to heat a separate room. The essence of the method is that a fan heater is installed in the room, which heats the air to the optimum temperature (drying it);
• Central can be called a complete heating system. Air is heated by special equipment and supplied to separate rooms through ventilation ducts;
• Air curtains- an expensive, but very convenient and functional way to heat a house. Appliances are installed near the entrance to the rooms, which in appearance resemble air conditioners. Through them, the flow of heated air enters the room.

Air heating today is used less frequently than water heating. The main reason is the high cost and impracticality. You can equip such a system in the country, in a small house, but this method is not suitable for heating a two-story mansion.

Electric heating

The use of electric convectors is justified in cases where it is not possible to use other types of fuel. The equipment is installed in one room, easy to connect, easy to maintain. Modern models are equipped with a whole arsenal of functions: automatic shutdown and on, control of the air temperature in the room. Convectors are small, compact, they do not take up much space and can be moved from one room to another.

To equip such a heating system at home, a powerful, new electrical network is needed. Old wiring is unlikely to withstand such an increased voltage. When choosing this option, be prepared for high utility bills.

Electric convectors are ideal if you need to temporarily heat the room (in the country, for example), but in a large private mansion it is better to refuse to use them.

Steam heating

A steam heating system can be used to heat large private homes, commercial and industrial premises. Only a professional can equip such a complex system with his own hands. To ensure its functionality, reliability and safety, everything must be done according to the instructions, even the slightest mistake during installation can lead to the system either not working or soon failing.

The principle of operation of this option is that water flows through the pipes in a gaseous state. To start the system, one boiler will not be enough; equipment is additionally installed that is responsible for filtering water and converting it into steam. Main advantages: the system warms up quickly, provides warmth and comfort in every room, significantly saves energy. Disadvantages of steam heating:

• expensive equipment (since it will require the installation of a special boiler and filters);
• requires professional service;
• emergencies may occur.

Water vapor in a closed system is pressurized, so if a radiator or pipe breaks, a person in the vicinity could be burned or seriously injured.

Heating system "warm floor"

A modern, efficient and very comfortable way to heat a house is to install a "warm floor". The system is equipped in the process of building or overhauling a house. It is advisable to use this option if you plan to use ceramic tiles as a floor covering.

"Heat floor" can be done everywhere: in the bedroom and nursery, in the living room and in the kitchen, in the bathroom and toilet. In this case, the heat will come from below. A whole network of pipes or wires is mounted under the floor covering, through which the coolant passes. If water is used, a special lining must be laid on the base of the floor, which will not allow heat energy to go down. Next, the pipeline is laid, then the screed and flooring. The option is quite laborious, but economical.

It’s easier to do an electric “warm floor” with your own hands. In a specialized store, you can buy either special mats or wiring. In the first case, the installation is very simple, you do not need to use any additional elements, just ready-made mats, flooring on top. In the second, a screed or ceramic tile is laid on the cable with a thin layer.

Choosing a heating boiler

A mandatory, if not the main, element of the heating system is a heating boiler. The modern market offers a wide range of options that differ in technical characteristics, cost, size and appearance. A few years ago, gas equipment was at the peak of popularity. Today, they are being replaced by electric and solid fuel appliances. When choosing a boiler, a number of criteria should be taken into account.

• convection- the most common, has a simple design, uses only the energy of the fuel that burns. Condensing more expensive, but generates more heat;
• The combustion chamber. If it is open, the air is used from the room. In closed chambers, air can be consumed, both from the room and from the street, however, a chimney is required;
• Circuit. To provide comfort and warmth to the household, it is necessary to take care not only of the heating system, but also of the water supply. You can solve the problem with the help of a double-circuit boiler, which will heat the house and provide hot water.

When choosing a gas, electric or solid fuel boiler, you should pay attention to such parameters as unit power, fuel consumption, dimensions and design, and cost.

Advantages of gas boilers

Gas is an affordable and economical fuel. Gas boilers are considered the most common and are widely used in the arrangement of heating systems in private homes. The equipment can operate on natural or liquefied gas. The advantages of gas appliances include the following:

• ease of operation;
• reduced heating costs;
• high performance;
• environmental Safety;
• reliability and durability.

To install such equipment at home, it is necessary to develop a gas project, coordinate all the nuances with the company that supplies the fuel. You can install and connect the boiler with your own hands without outside help, but a representative of the gas service must put it into operation.

With the installation of a gas heating boiler, difficulties may arise already at the installation stage. First of all, the device should be adapted to work in conditions where the operating gas pressure range is increased. It is very important to pay attention to this if you have purchased an imported boiler. You will also need to install a chimney to remove the exhaust gas. Only turbo-boilers are equipped with special turbines through which combustion products go outside.

Electric heating boilers

The best option in cases where there is no access to the gas main is to install an electric heating boiler. Its power is enough to heat the house for two or three floors. The equipment is capable of high-quality heating of a cottage up to 300 sq. m. This option does not provide for the installation of additional ventilation or a chimney. During operation, electrical appliances do not emit harmful substances, do not pollute either the air or the room in which they are located. The compact dimensions make it possible to install the boiler in a small, not necessarily separate, room.

How to choose a heating boiler that runs on electricity? Which device is best suited for heating a private house? How to save money on buying an electric boiler, but buy really high-quality equipment?

But there are also disadvantages of heating systems on electricity. First, the house must have powerful, reliable electrical wiring. Secondly, the numbers in the receipts will grow significantly. Modern models are used not only for heating, but also for hot water supply. They are completely safe, convenient, effective. Prices for equipment depend on the manufacturer, the power of the device, additional functions.

Solid fuel models

Very high efficiency for solid fuel boilers, which operate on the principle of Kolpakov furnaces. To maintain the temperature of the coolant, it is necessary to throw fuel into the boiler once a day. Modern models on the market are safe and effective. The equipment is mounted on the floor, although it has a compact size, however, it requires a separate room. The main advantages of solid fuel units:

• the body does not heat up, so there is no risk of getting burned;
• as fuel, you can use not only peat, but also firewood, sawdust, paper;
• all devices are characterized by high power;
• compact size and modern design;
• frugality.

However, there are also disadvantages. The operation of such heaters is accompanied by the accumulation of dirt and dust in the room, so it is recommended to allocate a separate room for the boiler. It should make a place for folding fuel, and it is also necessary to clean the device from ash from time to time.

To heat the house with a solid fuel boiler, you will have to spend at least an hour until the coolant warms up. In addition, it is necessary to properly design the chimney. During the operation of the equipment, it is necessary to ensure that the combustion chamber does not clog. The advantages of solid fuel boilers include the fact that it depends only on the owner what kind of winter it will be for his house: warm or cold, because he himself is preparing the fuel.

Combined units

In some regions, there is often such a problem as the lack of gas or electricity. But this does not mean that the inhabitants of the house are doomed to the cold, because there are combined boilers on sale that can work on not one, but two types of fuel. Most often there are models that are able to work on gas and solid fuel. This ensures the reliability and autonomy of the heating system. Each such device is equipped with two combustion chambers. You can switch from one type of fuel to another by changing the burners.

Combined heating boilers are not without drawbacks. So, for example, they cost more than gas or solid fuel equipment separately. The efficiency of such units rarely exceeds 90%. To install the device, you need to allocate a separate room, equip the chimney.

It is impossible to unequivocally answer the question of which heating boiler to choose. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, you should focus on such parameters as the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, heat loss, type of coolant, the availability of one or another type of fuel.

A powerful, reliable unit will ensure the uninterrupted and efficient functioning of the heating system in a private house.

Heat loss calculation

In the process of planning the heating system, it is necessary to calculate the heat loss of each room and the whole house. In order to correctly carry out calculations, you need to know the following data:

• construction and wall thickness;
• thermal resistance of materials;
• the average temperature of the coldest month and the average temperature of winter.

The main criterion necessary for calculating heat loss is the thermal resistance of materials. It can be obtained from special collections and tables. This parameter must be multiplied by the thickness of the material (in meters), we get the thermal conductivity of each of the layers of the wall, which we multiply by the temperature gradient and by the area of ​​the room.

What is home heat loss? Formulas for calculating the power of the heating system for a private house. What criteria should be taken into account when calculating heat loss?

Do-it-yourself heating system installation

Installation work should begin with the installation of a heating boiler. If the power of the equipment does not exceed 60 kW, you can install the device in the kitchen, if it is higher, a separate room should be allocated for the boiler. To heat sources that burn different types of fuel, it is necessary to ensure the flow of air. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the removal of combustion products. This can be done with a properly equipped chimney.

When installing a heating boiler, certain rules must be observed. The distance to the nearest equipment and walls should be at least 0.7 m. The piping of units that operate on different types of fuel is practically the same. The figure shows a piping option for a gas boiler with a forced circulation system.

This tying method is used most often. Other schemes provide for the presence of their own pumps to ensure continuous circulation of the heated coolant.

If solid fuel heat generators are used to service the heating system, the following nuances must be taken into account when connecting them: due to the inertness of the device, the coolant may overheat and boil. To avoid unpleasant situations, it is necessary to install a circulation pump on the return line. An additional security system is also mounted, which consists of the following elements:

• safety valve;
• automatic air vent;
• manometer.

An important function is performed by a safety valve, because it is he who is responsible for relieving excess pressure in cases where the coolant overheats. The most efficient piping scheme for a solid fuel boiler is shown in the figure below.

Another problem that is often encountered when operating a heating system on solid fuel boilers is the accumulation of condensate on the elements of the unit. This happens due to the ingress of cold water from a hot cut. To prevent condensation of the coolant, a three-way valve and a bypass are installed in the systems.

Installation of heating pipes

It is impossible to equip a heating system in a private house without a pipeline. In old houses there are cast-iron pipes from the last century. They boast a long service life, durability and reliability. However, today such products are used extremely rarely, because they have been almost completely replaced by lighter, more convenient and cheaper pipes that can be made from such materials:

• steel;
• copper;
• stainless steel;
• polypropylene;
• polyethylene;
• metal-plastic.

Copper and steel products are strong and durable. They are great for arranging a heating system in multi-storey country cottages and private houses. The only drawback is the high cost. The most affordable polypropylene pipes, however, it is quite difficult to perform the entire range of work on your own.

The most suitable options for arranging the pipeline of the heating system: metal-plastic or polyethylene products. Such pipes are used in systems with different types of coolant, as well as for laying water "warm floors". Products have excellent technical characteristics, they are cheaper than metal ones, and it is easier and more convenient to work with them due to their low weight. Metal-plastic and polyethylene pipes are reliable, durable, safe, have a long service life.

Selection and installation of radiators

Previously, traditional, cast-iron, not very aesthetic batteries were available, which were used in every private house or high-rise buildings. Today, in specialized stores of heating equipment, there are so many models of radiators, they all differ from each other in price, technical characteristics, appearance, that it may be difficult to choose. As a rule, these products are classified depending on the material from which they are made.

• Aluminum batteries are light, durable, reliable, have excellent heat transfer performance. Products are made of solid alloy, which ensures their durability;
• Bimetallic radiators are mainly used in central heating systems. Inside they are equipped with a tubular steel frame;
• Steel Panel Batteries- the best option that experts recommend for use when arranging a heating system in a private house. To regulate the air temperature in the room, thermostatic valves can be installed;
• Cast iron heating radiators today are presented in a wide range. These are not Soviet "accordions", but durable, safe and reliable products that are characterized by an attractive design.

When choosing heating radiators, give preference to those that you like the most and suit the price. Modern models are efficient enough to provide warmth and comfort in a private home.

The type of heating system and the type of coolant depends on the number of storeys and area of ​​the house, the availability of one or another fuel. You can equip the heating system in a private house with your own hands, if you follow the recommendations for the selection and installation of equipment.

Gone are the days when the only way to heat a private house was a stove. It was precisely because of the lack of full-fledged heating and hot water supply that many did not want to live outside the city, moving to comfortable high-rise buildings. But the benefits of civilization reached the country houses. Modern technologies and materials make it possible to equip the heating of a private house with your own hands, so as not to endure hardships anymore. Now the amenities in a country house will be no worse than city ones. There are several ways to make heating in a private house, which differ in structural elements and energy sources. We will talk about them in the framework of this article.

What can be the heating system of a private house

First of all, heating systems differ in the type of coolant, which directly heats the premises, giving off heat. There are water systems, steam, air, electric and open fire. The latter are implemented in fireplaces, Russian stoves and coarse. In rooms where heating is implemented in this way, heat is distributed unevenly: cold air near the floor, hot near the heat source (stove), and cold air at a distance. In principle, a small house can be heated quite well with a stove, but we will not focus on these systems, but will talk about those that can provide more uniform heating of a large house.

The water heating system is a closed loop through which hot water circulates. The boiler acts as a heating element, pipes diverge from it throughout the house, radiators are installed in each room, through which hot water passes and gives off heat. Having given off heat, the water returns to the boiler, where it heats up, and the cycle repeats.

For a water system, a boiler using any available fuel is suitable. The most common are gas boilers because they are economical. Heating in a private house using natural gas is possible only if a gas main is connected to the house. Another disadvantage is that gas boilers require regular maintenance and control by special services. However, gas heating is in high demand.

If the area is not gasified, you can use solid fuel boiler(coal, firewood, pallets). In this case, the heating will turn out to be completely autonomous and independent of the energy supply. But for the storage of solid fuels, it will be necessary to equip a convenient and dry storage.

Oil boilers, for example, diesel, can also be used for water heating. This method has a number of disadvantages: diesel fuel is very expensive, heating is uneconomical, fuel storage requires a tank buried in the ground, which, despite all the precautions, is a fire hazard.

electric boiler, connected to the central power supply, will also perform its functions well. But if you have already decided to use electricity as an energy carrier, it would be more expedient to install electric radiators in order to directly convert electrical energy into heat without the mediation of water.

To equip fully autonomous heating, you can use alternative electricity, solar and wind converters, mini-hydro stations and more.

The power of the boiler is selected depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. Approximate characteristics can be seen in the table.

In a water heating system, both water and antifreeze can circulate. Also, the system may have additional elements for its adjustment. The expansion tank is used to collect excess fluid, thermostats are needed to control the temperature in front of each radiator, a circulation pump for forced water movement is not always used, as well as an automatic air vent, shut-off and safety valves.

If you are interested in how much it costs to heat a private house, then you can calculate it yourself. First you need to decide on the type of energy carrier. We will consider the option with a gas boiler. So, we need to purchase a boiler, pipes, radiators for each room, an expansion tank, taps, fittings, all the necessary related materials. But before you buy all this, you should draw up a heating scheme for a private house, which will accurately indicate the location of the boiler and radiators, the length of the pipeline, and more. Design work "will cost a pretty penny", permits, approvals, plus installation. As a result, heating in a private house will cost about 9000 - 11000 USD.

The cost of equipment for the heating system will largely depend on the materials. For example, radiators are cast iron, steel,aluminum, stainless steel. The cheapest cast iron, they are also the heaviest and short-lived. Stainless steel is the most expensive, few can afford to install them throughout the house. Pipes for laying a heating pipeline also come in various materials: steel(stainless steel, galvanized steel), copper, polymeric(metal-plastic, polypropylene, polyethylene). Copper pipes are considered the most reliable, as they can withstand large temperature changes, and the connection is made by soldering with silver solder. Although polymer pipes are easy to install and are not afraid of corrosion, they have a significant drawback - they are afraid of temperature changes and lose their strength if they are bent. Recently, steel pipes have been used quite rarely, although stainless and galvanized pipes are not afraid of corrosion, are durable and firmly connected.

The cost of materials and work on installing heating in a private house is also affected by the type of water heating system, which can be one-pipe, two-pipe and manifold. We will talk about this below.

The water heating system has several disadvantages: complex and time-consuming installation, regular system maintenance and boiler checks, but it is very popular among country residents compared to other systems.

Steam heating of a private house

The steam heating system is implemented according to the following principle: the boiler heats water under pressure to a boiling state, the resulting steam goes to the radiators through the pipeline, where it gives off its heat, condenses back into water and returns back to the boiler. Air is forced out of the system by hot steam. According to the principle of condensate return in the boiler, two types of systems are distinguished: open (open) and closed (closed). In open systems, there is a tank in which condensate accumulates and then enters the boiler. In closed systems, the condensate returns to the boiler on its own through a wide pipe.

Important! Steam heating is not used in private residential buildings. "Steam" is mistakenly called "water" heating. In fact, a steam heating boiler is a huge unit, the size of a room, it is very difficult to operate, and also dangerous. Such heating is used only in enterprises where steam is needed for production needs. Even in this case, the heat-releasing elements are carefully isolated from the person, since the steam temperature is 115 ° C.

An air heating system can be installed in a house only at the construction stage; this is not possible in a finished residential building.

The principle of operation of this system is as follows: the heat generator heats the air, which then rises through the air ducts into the premises and exits under the ceiling in such a way as to displace the cold air that has accumulated near the window or door. Cold air is forced out into the air ducts leading to the heat generator. This is how circulation occurs, which can be gravitational or forced.

Gravity circulation occurs due to the temperature difference, when the volume of warm air is large enough, it displaces the cold towards the air ducts. The disadvantage of this method is that when windows or doors are open, circulation is disturbed.

For forced circulation A fan is used to increase air pressure.

The figure shows the heating of a private two-story house with the help of air.

The heat generator can burn natural gas, kerosene or diesel. At the same time, natural gas can be both from the main line and bottled. The products of combustion go into the chimney.

To freshen the air, clean air is mixed into the system, which can be taken from outside the room.

Air ducts can be made of metal, plastic or textile, and also have a round or rectangular shape. According to the structure, air ducts are rigid and flexible. Air ducts adjacent to external walls or unheated rooms must be thermally insulated. In order to correctly calculate how the air heating system of the house should be located, what should be the size of the air ducts, what is the topology of the network, you should contact the experts. The arrangement of such a system for a two-story house can cost 11,000 USD.

Electric heating of a private house

Heating a house with electricity can be implemented in several ways: using electric convectors, underfloor heating systems, infrared long-wave heaters(ceiling).

Heating a house with electricity cannot be called economical. Sometimes they even equip a water heating system and connect it to an electric boiler. This method has a significant drawback: high energy costs and heat loss. Therefore, it is advised to install an electric boiler as a spare in addition to the gas one (subject to the presence of a gas main).

But if there is no other available energy source, you have to use what you have. Then it will be more economical and expedient to use not a boiler, but immediately electric convectors.

To calculate the number of necessary devices, you should know the volume of the room and the degree of its thermal insulation. For example, for heating a house of 100 m2, with a ceiling height of 3 m, the volume is 300 m3, if the room is poorly insulated, its heating demand is 40 W/m3. In total, we multiply the volume of the room by the need, we get 12,000 watts. This need can be met by installing 4 convectors of 2.5 kW each and 1 convector - 2 kW. The cost of equipment is approximately 1300 - 1500 USD. This is much less than the arrangement of water heating with a gas boiler, but it is much less economical when paying for energy.

The disadvantage of using electric convectors is the uneven heating of the room: it is cold near the floor, and hot air accumulates near the ceiling. To evenly warm the room, you can additionally install a "warm floor" system.

Scheme of the heating system of a private house with a liquid coolant

The water heating system can be single-loop or double-circuit. Single-circuit is used only for heating, and double-circuit for heating and heating water for household needs. In practice, in private houses, two single-circuit systems are most often installed: one - purely for heating water, the second - for heating. This is also convenient because the second boiler does not work during the non-heating season.

According to the principle of water movement in the system, one-pipe, two-pipe and collector systems are distinguished.

One-pipe water heating system

In a single-pipe system, water passes sequentially from one radiator to another. At the same time, in each subsequent radiator, the temperature of the coolant will be lower and lower. In the latter, it may not be enough to heat the room. This system is practically not amenable to adjustment, since by blocking access to one radiator, water access to all the others will be blocked. Also, if one radiator fails, you will have to completely turn off the system, bleed water, and only then change it to a new one or repair it.

Two-pipe water heating system

A two-pipe system is able to heat the house more efficiently, since two pipes fit each radiator: one with hot water, and the cooled water leaves through the other. In this case, the hot water pipe is connected to all radiators in parallel. If you install taps in front of each radiator, you can turn off any radiator from the system. The last radiator to which the hot water pipe is connected will have a lower temperature than the first one, but the losses will be negligible compared to a single pipe system.

Collector system of water heating

The collector system implies that pipes go from the collector to each radiator separately: one with hot water, the other cooled water returns. This system allows you to regulate the temperature in any room, as well as easily replace or repair any part of the system without turning off the heating. The collector system is the most progressive. Its only drawback: the additional installation of a collector cabinet and a large consumption of pipes.

Installation of a heating system for a private house

First of all, you should decide which heating system is best done in a particular house. The best solution would be to install the system, the energy carrier for which is more accessible and economical, economical heating of a private house is very important for many. For example, if gas is supplied to the house, then you can install a water heating system with two boilers: one is gas (main), the second is electric (spare) or solid fuel, so that in case of force majeure it is completely energy independent.

At the next stage, you should contact the design bureau, where they will make the appropriate calculations, draw up project documentation and drawings for heating a private house. Only then can you purchase the necessary equipment and materials.

The first step is to install a heating boiler. For any boilers where there will be combustion products, except for electric ones, it is necessary to equip the boiler room. This is a separate room, or a room in the basement, in which good ventilation is made. The boiler is installed at a distance from the walls to provide free access. The floor and walls around the boiler are lined with refractory material. A chimney is taken out from the boiler to the street.

Further installation of heating in a private house consists in installing a circulation pump (if necessary), a distribution manifold (if provided by the system), measuring and control devices near the boiler.

Only then do pipelines lead from the boiler to the installation sites of radiators. To pass the pipes through the walls, you will have to make holes in them, which, after the pipes are stretched, must be covered with cement mortar. The connection of pipes is made based on the material of their manufacture.

The radiators are installed last. They are installed on brackets necessarily under the window opening. If the radiator is not large enough to cover the opening, two radiators should be installed or sections should be added if possible. The distance from the floor should be 10 - 12 cm, from the wall 2 - 5 cm, and from the window sill to the radiator - 10 cm. We install shut-off and control fittings and temperature sensors at the inlet and outlet of the radiator so that you can regulate the temperature and block the movement of water.

After installation of all structural elements, the system is pressure tested. The first start-up of the boiler is possible only in the presence of a representative of the gas organization.

In conclusion, I would like to note that it is better to choose a heating system taking into account two factors: the availability and low cost of an energy carrier and the autonomy of the system in case of force majeure. Installing a heating system in a private house is such a responsible and complicated matter that it is not recommended to do it yourself. At least the most important thing - calculations, diagrams and the project must be performed by professionals. And to save money, you can try to install the elements of the system yourself, but under the strict guidance of the master.

The question of replacing stove heating with a more modern one, sooner or later, has to be decided by the owner of a private house. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. There are many specific subtleties in this work, which are known only to professionals in their field - designers and installers of heating systems. Not possible without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.

This article will give an idea to the novice home master about what cycle of work to be done.

Heating options

First you have to choose a heating system. And there are plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves according to the type of coolant:

• Water heating system;
• Steam heating system;
• Air heating system;
• Electric heating system.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Water heating

It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes in which hot water is located. The central element in this system is the boiler, where water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators, through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again and the process is repeated again.

All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas boilers.

Important! Gas boilers require regular checks and adjustments by the gas company.

Steam heating

Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, water is heated to a state of boiling and already in the form of steam it diverges along the highways to the radiators. Cooling, the steam turns back into water and goes back through the pipes to the heating boiler.

There are two types of steam systems:

• open;
• Closed.

In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is returned to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.

Steam heating is mainly used in industrial premises in large industries where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not become widespread due to the large areas for accommodating boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 ° it is also dangerous.

air heating

In a finished residential building, deploying equipment with your own hands to organize air heating is almost impossible. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.

A heat generator located at the lowest point of a steam heating system, such as a basement, heats the air. And already heated, it diverges through the air ducts through the premises of the house and exits through the grilles under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into the return ducts laid up to the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.

To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the air duct.

An example of air heating operation is shown in Fig:

The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. Gas can also be used - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled.

To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Specialists will calculate: what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size and build the correct topology of the heating network of the entire building.

Electric heating

Provided that there is a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and an electrical “warm floor” system will help maintain heat in the house.

Such a system does an excellent job of heating the house, but high electricity bills make you think about the economy of this method of heating.

But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this method of heating is quite in demand.

Mounted heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower zone at floor level is cold, and the upper zone under the ceiling is warm.

The electrical system of the "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:

Elements of the heating system

The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a cauldron, from which heat diverges through the veins (pipes) to the heating elements throughout the house.

This is, after all, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electric heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.

Electric heating can be organized in different ways:

1. Forced circulation of water;
2. Natural water circulation.

A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small minus - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.

Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. The circulation of water occurs due to the fact that the water temperature at the outlet of the heating boiler and the inlet is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.

Systems are also divided into open and closed.

In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is placed to relieve excess pressure. As a rule, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems, a closed-type membrane tank is installed. It is small, airtight and can be mounted anywhere in the electrical system, thus avoiding the formation of air pockets.

Calculation of the system and selection of boiler power

Of course, managers in the store can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which this can be done quite independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 watts. Summing up the values ​​obtained for all rooms, the required power of the heating devices is obtained.

1. If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
2. For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
3. If there are 2 exterior walls and two windows, the area of ​​the room is multiplied by 130W.

For a more accurate calculation, the formula is used:

W cat. \u003d (S * W sp.): 10
Where,

• S is the area of ​​the room;
• W beats - specific power of the heater used per 10 m² of room area.

W beat is selected depending on the region.

For example, if the area of ​​​​all heated premises is 100 m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.

Heat consumption for ventilation

The inflow of fresh air is very important for a comfortable stay in the house. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh indoor air is undoubtedly needed, but no less important is the speed with which cold air flows inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable living conditions become.

Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:

• baths;
• toilet;
• Kitchens.

And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves in the living rooms (Fig.):

Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:

1. Air inflow.
2. Air flow.
3. Air extracts.

When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is carried out according to the project, then it must include a calculation for heat loss due to the entry of cold air masses into the room.

Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand for both heating the house and its ventilation.

Before choosing and buying a boiler for a heating system, You need to decide for yourself several parameters:

1. Most importantly, purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the whole house;
2. Choose a heating boiler that will constantly work on the selected type of fuel;
3. And the last thing - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.

For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating - single-circuit, and if it also gives hot water - double-circuit.

Solid fuel boilers

It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers either if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.

You can also install a solid fuel boiler with your own hands on solid fuel as a backup source of heat. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:

• expansion tank;
• Security groups;
• More reliable pipes and radiators.

This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.

Such boilers are very reliable under a number of conditions:

1. The fuel for the boiler must match both in quality and moisture content.
2. Mandatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.

gas boilers

The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas mains, are gas boilers (). Its main advantage - with all its simplicity, is also ease of use. Most modern models of gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the desired temperature for the house, and the device will automatically maintain comfortable heat throughout the house.

At prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.

The price is affected by:

• Manufacturer;
• Power;
• Boiler type.

But a big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come with a circulation pump and an expansion tank.

And the material from which the pipes and radiators of gas heating are made is completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for solid fuel boilers (coal, etc.).

Electric boilers

This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().

But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:

1. Large choice of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
2. Stability in work;
3. Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
4. Very easy to use;
5. Built-in circulation pump;
6. Supplied with expansion tank and temperature sensor;
7. Differ in reliability in work;
8. Inexpensive repair and maintenance.

At prices, electric boilers are comparable to gas ones.

Oil boilers

Most consumers are unaware that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:

• Kerosene;
• Light grades of oil;
• Waste oils (including synthetic origin);
• Fuel oil.

It is enough to change the burners for the desired type of fuel.

For reference! On sale there are universal liquid fuel boilers without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel fuel or for gas independently.

But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:

1. Compared to gas boilers, fuel costs will increase significantly.
2. Equipment acquisition and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
3. On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave a place for the installation of a large-sized tank for storing fuel supplies.
4. In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners in the living quarters of the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
5. Since the burner needs the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, to organize uninterrupted operation, provide for the installation of a backup generator.
6. For the stable operation of oil-fired boilers, only good quality fuel is required.

For convenience, the table combines the estimated characteristics of heating boilers for different types of fuel:

Heating system diagrams

The water heating system can be organized into two types:

• Single-circuit;
• Dual circuit.

And according to the principle of movement of the system, there are:

1. Single pipe;
2. Two-pipe;
3. Collector;
4. Leningradskaya.

Single pipe

A single-pipe heating system is mounted in series - one radiator after another. From the scheme, a significant drawback of this system is immediately noticeable. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly enters the return line.

Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.

In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.

Conclusion! In single-pipe heating systems, it is impossible to extend the circuit indefinitely.

Two-pipe

In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator through one line of the pipeline, and through another pipe (waste water) it flows back into the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.

For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a single-pipe system.

Collector

The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.

To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.

But there are also disadvantages:

• Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
• Sensitive for the estimate, the consumption of pipes during the installation of the heating system.

Leningradskaya

A more advanced, single-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular.

Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. Such a system has the main feature - simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get by with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, in such a system it is possible to control each radiator in the system.

System installation

After the choice of the heating system has been made, the most correct step is to contact the design office. Having a project of work and drawings in hand, you can purchase and store the necessary materials, control and management devices, and components.

Installation begins with the choice of the installation location of the heating boiler. If combustion products are emitted during the operation of the boilers, the best solution would be to build a separate boiler room. It is possible to place a boiler room in the basement, subject to the arrangement of good ventilation and sound insulation.

The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that it always has free access for maintenance.

The floor and wall covering near the heating boiler must be made of refractory materials. Equipped with a chimney system from the boiler to the street.

The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:

• Installation of a circulation pump;
• Distribution collector node;
• Measuring instruments;
• Devices of manual or automatic adjustment.

After completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where radiators will be installed. In residential buildings, it will be necessary to make passages for pipelines in walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are interconnected by previously prepared elements.

Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Usually, the following conditions are observed during installation:

1. Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
2. The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.

Shutoff valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the inlet and outlet of the radiators.

Completes installation work - pressure testing of the entire system.

Boiler connection

Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system according to the following scheme:

1. The pipe system laid around the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
2. As a rule, shut-off valves are installed at the joints that cut off from the common system.
3. For the operation of electrical appliances, wires and a ground loop are connected.
4. Installation of safety valves, temperature controllers and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
5. For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
6. Filling the heating system with water.
7. Pressure testing of the system. At the same time, leaks in the system are detected and eliminated.
8. Depressurization in the pipes to the working one.

Important! When starting the gas boiler for the first time, the presence of a representative of the gas company is mandatory.

The modern building materials market offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.

Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why doom yourself in advance to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?

If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain installation difficulties. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.

The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be taken into account that the joints with the fittings are carried out by soldering, and if the heating of the connection is insufficient, this place will definitely leak. And when overheated, it is possible to overlap the internal section with molten material.

Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the fill floors when installing the "warm floor" system.

With a large selection of modern radiators, opting for traditional cast iron ones is at least not rational (). Due to low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.

Aluminum radiators

In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very light.

Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is greatly facilitated. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them from other heating devices:

• High heat dissipation;
• Lightweight design;
• High working pressure (18 atm.);
• Beautiful design.

Bimetal radiators

Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):

• Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
• Long service life (up to 20 years);
• Beautiful design;
• High level of heat transfer.

Steel panel radiators

The main advantage of steel radiators is their quick response to changes in coolant temperature.

They heat up instantly and cool down just as quickly. Such properties significantly affect energy saving.

A large area of ​​stamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a finned surface increases the area of ​​​​the heater. Such qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The decision to replace the entire heating system was finally made. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to solve the question - how much power can the radiators themselves produce?

It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Take, for example, a room with an area of ​​10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room, respectively, is 10x3 = 30 m³.

But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the regulations that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.

The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.

For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.

When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose a way to connect it to the main, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:

Lateral connection of heating batteries is used when mounting to risers. If the main pipes are laid under the floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.

It can be seen from the figure that these two connection methods allow the most productive use of the entire surface of the battery.

Finds its supporters and the lower versatile way to connect. It can be seen from the figure that with such a direction of hot water it is impossible to effectively heat the entire space of the radiator.

Errors during installation

Shortcomings and errors in installation work are not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:

• Illiterate selection of a heat source;
• Admitted shortcomings in the boiler circuit;
• Incorrectly selected heating system;
• Careless attitude of installers.

Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.

The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time power not only the heating system, but also organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house with enough heat.

All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed according to their functional properties. For example, inserting a pump is recommended precisely on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.

With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you “hang” more than five radiators on a single-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.

Do-it-yourself installation flaws can be cited as examples of poor-quality slopes, unwelded connections, or the installation of improperly selected shut-off valves.

For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary faucet) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator. I had to change the heating system at the dacha - old cast-iron batteries and a Soviet boiler, for which details cannot be found even during the day with fire. But when they found out the cost of services for the replacement and modernization of thermal communications, they were in great shock. In the end, we decided to do everything on our own - albeit not so quickly, but you can save a good penny. Fortunately, we found this article, where all stages of work are described in great detail and with examples, many photos explaining. I especially liked the section “Errors during installation” - we learned a lot of useful things from the category of “what not to do”, otherwise we would have spent more time, nerves and money on redoing.

Thanks to the author for the detailed article. It can be safely used as a scientific guide for self-assembly of the heating system in your home. Thanks also for the many suggestions. They will help, especially for beginners. And I’ll add on my own that, in my opinion, the best option from the proposed ones is the installation of a gas boiler. After all, judge for yourself: it is relatively cheap, familiar and practical. However, the author or anyone else may disagree with me. I'm looking forward to other people's opinions on this.

Two years ago we just did heating in the house. In order not to be dependent on the stove, otherwise this cinder and smoke bother you, to be honest. We installed water heating with specialists. Pretty practical and power is not lost, not sprayed. The water is simply heated by the boiler and it diverges through pipes that are placed around the house, such as a battery. And they are already heating the house. Personally for us, this method seemed the simplest and most optimal.

A question arose with the replacement of heating in a private house, they decided to throw out the Soviet batteries and the boiler and replace it with a new one. Prices of course horror, fight in a terrible way. So I started searching the net for how to do everything right, since I came across you and got information on installing and installing the system. Everything is detailed and easy to understand. After reading it, it became more profitable for me to do it myself than to overpay 10 times more expensive for some smart guy who can do it just like me.