The relevance of the construction of a residential building with office premises. Design of residential apartment buildings

Reliable construction of apartment buildings

By investing money in a project, the investor expects to make a profit. Today, the most in demand in the country’s construction market is housing, the construction of which is a rather complex and labor-intensive process. To extract the expected benefit from it, you should carefully analyze the construction plan of the building. You should start with:

• Selecting a suitable area. The territory should have good infrastructure, convenient transportation, environmental friendliness, etc.;
• Analysis of the building site by survey teams;
• Creating a well-thought-out and cost-effective project that meets legal requirements and generally accepted norms, rules, and standards;
• Formation of necessary documents, their approval and obtaining permission to carry out restoration work;
• Selection and acquisition of high-quality materials;
• Start of construction;
• Timely commissioning of the facility.

In addition to the above list, the total cost of the service:

• General contracting;
• Author's supervision;
• Foreman;
• Landscape design;
• Commissioning works and more.

What is the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings?

The main feature in the construction of public buildings is the development of affordable apartments with a correct, convenient layout. The constructed premises should be distinguished by the presence of balconies or loggias, high ceilings (at least 2.7 m), spacious bright rooms, wide corridors and kitchens, and the absence of walk-through hallways. Despite the fact that, thanks to these nuances, the cost of constructing an apartment building will increase, the profit from the sale of housing will still remain high.

The most important thing in constructing buildings is a solid foundation. It provides strength, structural reliability and high performance. This is followed by the construction of the frame and the laying of communications. The scheme for their implementation was formed even before the construction and design of apartment buildings began. The organization of both internal and external engineering networks makes it possible to create appropriate optimal comfortable conditions for the safe living of people.

Also, in the process of constructing real estate, special attention is paid to the layout of load-bearing walls and ceilings, the proper, carefully thought-out design of which will ensure the strength of individual elements of the building and the building as a whole. The final stage in the construction of structures is laying the roof.

What should be taken into account when forming a project for the construction of an apartment building?

The construction of buildings for public consumption has a huge number of nuances, from the choice of territory to the commissioning of the building. To determine the area on which the high-rise building will be constructed, a series of geological, hydrometeorological, environmental, and geodetic studies should be carried out.

When offering housing to clients, the investor must create appropriate conditions that are safe for the population. Therefore, it is advisable to check the properties of soils, their restorative abilities, and the level of occurrence. If deviations from the norms are detected, then professional employees of construction companies take precautionary measures (strengthening foundations, walls, ceilings, etc.).

Multi-apartment low-rise buildings and their construction also require a special approach, which can only be provided by specialized companies. When making decisions about the construction of large-scale buildings, it is necessary to obtain advice from specialists and, if necessary, use their services.

Since ancient times, the construction of low-rise buildings in Rus' has been taken as an axiom. The first high-rise buildings appeared only in the era of communism. In the 40-50s, 7 famous Stalinist skyscrapers were built.

In the 20th century, high-rise construction received a new impetus. In conditions of a shortage of areas for development, the construction of a large number of housing on a smaller territory aroused developer interest. And from the very beginning, developers planned to transfer high-rise buildings from the business class segment to premium ones.

Skyscrapers were built in the most prestigious areas of Moscow - on Sokol, Mosfilmovskaya, Khodynka, Begovaya, Leninsky Prospekt. Also, experts remind that the Triumph Palace residential high-rise complex was included in the Guinness Book of Records in 2003 as the tallest building in Europe (more than 260 meters). Later it was eclipsed by the Moscow international center “Moscow City”: the Vostok tower (360 m) promises to become a new European top.

As part of the “New Moscow Ring” program (developed in 2008), by 2015 it was planned to build about 200 skyscrapers in 60 residential complexes. However, in real life this turned out to be more difficult to achieve. According to the Moskomarkhitektura, it is necessary to first create transport infrastructure facilities at the site of skyscraper construction.

Currently, the percentage of housing in high-rise buildings is about 5% of the total supply. However, experts note that recently the demand for this format of housing has become more vibrant. For example, according to the exclusive real estate agency Usadba, the level of demand accounts for 15% of the total number of requests.

As for housing prices in high-rise buildings, they correspond to their situation. For example, in the Vorobyovy Gory residential complex, a square is offered for 400 thousand rubles. Naturally, the panoramic view from the windows is also taken into account. According to the Usadba agency, the premium for the view from the window ranges from 9 to 30 thousand rubles per square meter, starting from the 20th floor. According to experts, the cost of housing depends on the type characteristics, and not on the floor. So, if the floor is below 20, and the windows offer a panoramic view of Moscow, then the price will also be accordingly.

The main contingent of this segment of housing are people who returned to Moscow due to a long absence abroad, where the construction of skyscrapers is widespread and has long become the norm of life.

Basically, housing in skyscrapers is purchased to maintain status and prestige. The level of infrastructure in such residential complexes is at a high level.

According to some experts, an unhealthy excitement has been created around high-rise buildings, which is formed by watching American films (of which we have a huge number), which show luxurious life in penthouses. Experts believe that there are enough free areas in Russia so as not to get hung up on skyscrapers, increasing the already high level of traffic jams in the capital. They also note that in high-rise buildings the level of comfort and safety is very far from high standards.

In addition, by comparison, analysts say that wealthier citizens in Europe prefer low-rise buildings. Also worth noting are the elevators. In Russia they cannot yet operate elevators in skyscrapers. This is especially noticeable in high-rise buildings built before 2006 - in a 30-story building there are only 4 elevators per entrance. Long waits in skyscrapers are legendary. Also, according to experts, residents of high-rise buildings cannot avoid everyday problems. For example, low water pressure on the upper floors. In addition, as you know, all buildings sway over time, as a result of which the tightness is broken. For some, even the main highlight of skyscrapers - a panoramic bird's eye view - does not inspire delight. As experts say, this is not Dubai, and there are few apartments with unspoilt views.

In the conditions of modern large cities, the relevance of the construction of multi-storey residential buildings has acquired enormous proportions. As cities grow, so do residents’ needs for new, modern and comfortable housing.

The relevance of the construction of high-rise buildings in our time

Since ancient times, the construction of low-rise buildings in Rus' has been taken as an axiom. The first high-rise buildings appeared only in the era of communism. In the 40-50s, 7 famous Stalinist skyscrapers were built.

The relevance of low-rise construction in the Moscow region.

09/22/2014 Low-rise construction in the Moscow region became relevant after the crisis in 2008. At the moment, it is low-rise residential complexes that actually form the suburbs of Moscow. In the future, such residential complexes will become more and more relevant than high-rise buildings or residential areas.

The competition for the height and design of buildings is becoming increasingly widespread. Many developed countries are on the rise, showcasing the prestige and innovation of engineering. Monolithic construction occupies a leading position in the choice of method for constructing high-rise buildings with various architectural solutions. The purpose of buildings and structures can be high-rise residential, administrative, or industrial.

It has a long history and durability proven over decades.

Relevance of monolithic construction

Today, the technology of monolithic construction of structures has become widespread. Previously, the construction of multi-storey buildings using precast reinforced concrete was popular, but when comparing the cost of a finished square meter of a building, monolithic construction has no equal.

How much does it cost to build a house: construction cost

Published in: Residential real estate The construction of an apartment building is a complex business process that requires the creation of an effective financing and project management mechanism, as well as a team of professionals involved in its implementation. According to experts and developers of Novosibirsk, whom we interviewed during the preparation of this material, the following cost components can be distinguished: acquisition or lease of land, design, approvals and examination, connection to utility networks, construction and installation work, marketing, credit load.

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Design of an individual residential building

INconducting

In the course design assignment, it was proposed to design an individual residential building located in the city of Ulan-Ude.

The purpose of the course project is to develop professional and personal competencies, to consolidate and demonstrate the knowledge gained by studying the theoretical part of the course in the design of residential and public buildings.

The objectives of the course project are to develop a space-planning and structural solution for the building in accordance with regulatory documentation, select the finishing of the building, select materials, develop a master plan for the site, and perform the necessary calculations.

Relevance of the project: Low-rise residential buildings provide good hygienic qualities of the living environment - insolation, ventilation, as well as a significant light front. Individual houses are characterized by freedom in choosing a planning scheme, proportions, placement of light openings and orientation. The premises of a residential building are oriented along the horizon, in relation to the street, yard, garden, neighboring area, and also depending on the location of the main entrance and the position of utility rooms. Single-family houses provide the opportunity to gradually increase the area with an increase in the number of family members by using attic space, building on or adding additional premises, which is very important in modern conditions.

1 . ABOUTspace planning solution for the building

1.1 Functional diagram of the building

The space-planning solution was developed on the basis of a design assignment, in compliance with current sanitary and hygienic norms, standards, as well as the requirements for functional zoning of premises.

The designed building is a two-story residential building.

The length of the building is 10 m, the width of the building is 12 m along the axes.

Communication between floors is carried out via a metal staircase.

The relative location of the premises and their area are taken into account the current building codes (according to SNiP 31-02-2001 Single-apartment residential buildings).

To justify the location of premises in a building, a functional diagram is drawn up, which is a conventional graphic representation of all premises and the connections between them.

Scheme 1. Functional diagram of the building

1.2 Description of the space-planning solution of the building

The efficiency of building construction is determined by its volumetric and planning solutions. The designed building is low-rise, as it has two floors. Dimensions of the building in plan: 10.0 x 12.0 m. Floor height: 3 m.

According to the method of communication, the rooms in the building are passable and non-passable (isolated), communicating with each other using a corridor. The designed building uses a mixed type of layout (hall and corridor).

1.3 TEP of space-planning solutionenia

Building area (Sз) - the area along the external perimeter of the building at the level of the first floor.

The area of ​​working premises (Swork) is the area of ​​the sports hall, gym, office space, and coaching room.

Utility or auxiliary area (Sв) - the area of ​​service premises, corridors and bathrooms.

Total area (Stotal) - the sum of the working area and the area of ​​service premises:

Stotal = Swork + Sв (1)

The construction volume of the building (Vbuilding) is the product of the building area and the height of the building (from the level of the finished floor of the 1st floor to the top of the attic floor or to the top of the covering in non-attic buildings):

Vzd = Sz x Nzd

Table 1. Technical and economic indicators of the space-planning solution

2 . TOstructural design of the building

2.1 Load-bearing structures

designHouse

The load-bearing elements of the building are: Monolithic foundation, load-bearing brick walls, reinforced concrete floor and roof slabs, lintels.

2.1.1 Foundations

The foundation is the main structural element of a load-bearing building, taking on all the loads of the structure and transferring them to the ground. Foundations must meet the requirements of strength, stability, durability, manufacturability and efficiency.

A monolithic foundation was chosen for this development. This type of foundation is advisable to use when constructing small houses without a high base, and the slab itself is used as the base of the floor. Monolithic foundations are used on all types of soils and at any depth of groundwater. It is a reinforced concrete slab 25 cm thick, on which the building will rest with all its walls. Such foundations are ideal for heaving soil with a high groundwater level, since they are not afraid of their vertical and horizontal movements.

Monolithic foundations well level all vertical and horizontal movements of the soil, for which they received another name: floating. For higher-class houses, foundations are often installed in the form of ribbed slabs or reinforced cross strips. To build a monolithic foundation, a pit is first dug, then it is compacted and a cushion is made of a layer of sand and a layer of gravel at the bottom. Waterproofing material is laid on top of them. A thin layer of concrete is poured over the waterproofing. And then the reinforcement is laid and concrete solution is pumped into the pit. On a slab constructed in this way, a strip monolithic foundation is placed under the load-bearing walls of the house.

Determining the foundation depth

Distance from the leveled ground surface to the base level

is called the foundation depth, which must correspond to the depth of the base layer. This also takes into account the depth of soil freezing.

Nzal = Nzam + 20cm (3)

Nzam = 23 v? (-T) +2 (4)

where Nzam is the depth of soil freezing (cm);

Nzal - foundation depth (cm);

The sum of negative temperatures (determined according to SNiP

23.01-99 “Building climatology”, table 1).

Nzam = 23v25.4+20.9+10.6+0.1+12.7+21.9 +2 = 23v91.6 +2 = 220 +2 = 222 cm

Nzal = 222 +20 = 242 cm = 2.42 m

Figure 1 - Foundation design: a - foundation diagram: 1 - foundation base; 2 - foundation body; 3 -- marking the depth of the foundation; 4 -- mark of soil freezing depth; 5 -- groundwater level mark; 6 -- planning mark; 7 -- wall; 8 -- floor level of the first floor; 9 -- edge of the foundation; hf - foundation depth; b -- width of the foundation base.

2.1.2 Walls

Walls are the most important structural elements of a building, which serve not only as enclosing structures, but also as load-bearing elements. According to their purpose and location in the building, walls are divided into external and internal.

In the designed building, the external and internal walls are made of solid clay bricks GOST 530-95, with dimensions 250x120x65 mm, grade 75 on cement mortar grade 50 (in winter) and grade 25

(in summer time). The masonry system is chain. The masonry is being laid “empty”, since the surface of the wall will be plastered.

According to thermal engineering calculations, the total wall thickness is 600 mm.

Figure 2. Brick wall construction

A structure that covers openings in walls (windows or doors) and supports the upper part of the wall is called a lintel. In addition to their own weight and the weight of the wall above, lintels perceive and transmit loads from floor elements and other structures to the underlying wall elements (piers).

In the designed building, block lintels with a width of 120 and a height of 65 mm with a length of up to 2.0 m and a height of 140 mm with a length of up to 3.0 m are used. The ends of the block lintels are embedded into the wall by 250 mm.

Figure 3. Reinforced concrete lintel

2.1.3 Floors

Floors are the main structural elements of buildings, dividing them into floors.

The designed building uses floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

The floor slabs used are hollow-core panels made of grade 200 concrete, 3 and 6 m long, 1.2 m wide and 220 mm thick.

Figure 4. Hollow-core floor slab

2.1.4 Thermal engineering calculation of an external brick wallwith insulation

1. Determine the thermal conductivity coefficients of building materials:

l1 = 0.58 W/(m 0C) - cement-sand mortar;

l2 = 0.091 W/(m 0C) - slabs;

l3 = 0.56 W/(m 0C) - brick;

l4 = 0.52 W/(m 0C) - lime-cement mortar.

2. Determine the degree-day of the heating period:

GSOP = (tv - top) Zop (5)

where tв = 18 0C is the estimated temperature of the indoor air in the room;

top = -10.4 0С - average temperature of the heating period;

Zop = 237 - duration in days of the heating period.

GSOP = (18 0С - (-10.4 0С)) 237 = 6730.8

3. Determine the reduced resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures:

GSOP = 6000 => Rodef = 1.8 m2 0C/W

GSOP = 8000 => Rdef = 2.2 m2 0C/W

4. Determine the required heat transfer resistance Rref:

Rotr = Dtn bV (6)

where n = 1 is the coefficient taken according to the table. 5;

tв = 18 0C - design temperature of the indoor air;

tн = -37 0С - estimated winter outside air temperature, equal to

the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with a probability of 0.92 (according to SNiP 2.01.01-82, Table 1);

Dtn = 4 0C - standard temperature difference, accepted according to the table. 6. bV = 8.7 W/(m2 0C) - heat transfer coefficient of the inner surface of the walls, taken according to the table. 5a.

1 (18 0C - (-37 0C))

Rref = 4 0С · 8.7 W/(m2 0С) = 1.6 m2 0С/W

5. We determine the thickness of the insulation, equating the actual heat transfer resistance of all layers of the wall to the required resistance:

R_--=--1/--bV--+--d1--/--l1--+--d2--/--l2--+--d3--/--l--3 --+--d4--/--l--4--+--1/--bH--e--ROTP--(7)

2 / 2 = Rref - (1 / bV + 1 / 1 + 3 / 3 + 4 / 4 + 1 / bN) (8)

bH = 23 W/(m2 0C) - heat transfer coefficient of the outer surface of the walls, taken according to the table. 7.

2 / 2 = 1,6 - (1/ 8,7 + 0,03 / 0,58 + 0,51 / 0,56 + 0,02 / 0,52 + 1 / 23) = 0,45.

2 = 0.45 · 2 = 0.45 · 0.091 = 0.04 m.

6. The total thickness of the wall will be:

total = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 = 0.03 + 0.04 + 0.51 + 0.02 = 0.6 m

2.2 Walling

2.2.1 Partitions

Partitions are a non-load-bearing enclosing structure, therefore they rest on the floors, and not on the foundations. Partitions divide the internal volume of the building into separate rooms, different in functional purpose, and also, if necessary, provide a visual connection between them using glazing. Partitions must have a minimum thickness and weight and at the same time have strength, rigidity and stability, and be constructed using industrial methods at low cost. Partitions must meet sanitary and hygienic requirements (do not accumulate dust, can be cleaned, have a smooth surface), and provide for the possibility of placing electrical wiring, computer and telephone networks within the structure.

The building being designed uses brick partitions made of grade 75 clay bricks on grade 25 cement mortar with a thickness of ½ brick according to GOST 530-95.

Figure 5. Construction of a brick partition

2.2.2 Window

Windows are the main structural elements; light enters the rooms through the windows; they can also serve for ventilation of rooms. Windows are the main source of heat loss in buildings.

According to the material, the windows of the designed building are PVC-profile double-glazed windows with heat-insulating properties, which allows to avoid unreasonable heat losses and ensure sound insulation of the premises.

Window dimensions 1300 x 1400 mm; 1800 x 1400 according to GOST 30674-99.

The thickness of the window frame is 140 mm

PVC windows have many advantages over other types of windows: wooden or aluminum. Such as: 1) eliminate the inconvenience caused by condensation in the house and, accordingly, on the window. 2) Preserve heat in the house in winter and keep cool in summer.

Figure 6. Three-leaf window design

2.2.3 Doors

Doors are used to isolate passage rooms and the entrance to the building from each other. Based on their location in the building, doors are distinguished between internal and external. According to the material, the doors are solid wooden and glazed.

Doors consist of frames, which are frames fixed in the doorways of walls or partitions, and panels hung on the door frames.

The door frames are secured in the openings to antiseptic wooden plugs, which are placed in the masonry during the laying of the walls. For external wooden doors, frames are arranged with thresholds, and for internal doors - without a threshold. Door leaves are hung on hinges (canopies), which allow wide-open door leaves to be removed from the hinges to repair or replace the door leaf. To avoid the door being open or slamming, special spring devices are installed that hold the door closed and smoothly return the door to the closed state without impact. Doors are equipped with handles, latches and mortise locks.

The designed building uses single- and double-leaf doors of the following sizes: 900 x 2100 mm, 800 x 2100 mm according to GOST 6629-88 and 24698-81.

Figure 7. Door leaf design

2.2.4 Floors

Floors are arranged on the floors. The top layer of the floor that is exposed to operational influences is called the coating or finished floor. In slab floors, the base is the load-bearing part of the slab; there is no underlying layer.

In the bedroom the floors are covered with carpet; parquet in the living room and hallway; In the bathrooms and kitchen there are tiled floors, for which ceramic tiles 13 mm thick and square in shape are used.

The tiles are laid on a concrete base on a cement screed with a thickness of 10-20 mm.

When laying carpet, an underlay should be used, which will serve as additional sound and heat insulation in rooms with concrete floors. The carpet was installed using the gluing method.

To lay parquet, the base of the flooring must be perfectly flat; for this, plywood is laid under the parquet board, but before that, a cement screed is poured, or the existing concrete base is leveled using an additional layer. If the base of the floor is wooden flooring, then each board must be securely fastened to prevent further loosening and creaking of the floorboards. However, it is best to make a stable base of concrete or cement for laying parquet boards.

2.2.5 Roof

The structural element enclosing a building from above is called a covering. Based on the main purpose of the coating - to protect the building from precipitation in the form of rain and snow, as well as from heat loss in winter and overheating in summer, it consists of load-bearing structures that absorb transmitted loads from overlying elements, and an enclosing part.

An important requirement for coatings is the cost-effectiveness of their construction and ensuring that minimal funds are spent on their operation. Of particular importance is the use of industrial methods in the construction of coatings, which reduces labor costs on the construction site and helps improve the quality of construction and installation work. To ensure the removal of precipitation, the coatings are arranged with a slope. The magnitude of the slope depends on the roofing material, as well as the climatic conditions of the construction area. The designed building has a pitched roof. The gable roof is the most common classic design. The designed layered rafters rest on the external load-bearing walls, on which the rafter beam (mauerlat) is fixed. The rafter legs are designed in the form of a wooden beam with cross-sectional dimensions of 220*50. To reduce the amount of deflection of the rafters under the influence of the weight of the roof structure, struts and vertical posts are provided in the axes, which, in turn, rest against the support. The bench is located on the protruding part of the inner wall on the coordination axis.

At the top of the roof structure, the rafters are connected to each other using double-sided wooden flashing. Between the axes, to increase the rigidity of the rafters, ties from boards are used, and there are no racks or struts. Between the axes, the rafters on one side rest against the mauerlat located on the outer wall with the coordination axis, and their other side is embedded in the wall. Fillers with cross-sectional dimensions of 100*40 mm are attached to the end of the rafter legs.

Figure 9. Gable roof

Since wooden roof elements operate in a damp and flammable environment (electrical wiring runs in the attic), they must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants.

The roof is designed from metal tiles. Sheet width 1100 - 1200 mm, length 800 - 8000 mm, thickness 0.45 or 0.5 mm, profile height from 28 to 75 mm. Moreover, the higher the wave, the stronger, more “elite” and more expensive the tiles. Antiseptic boards will be required for the rafters. They are installed in increments of 60 to 100 cm with a minimum cross-section of 150x50 mm. It is better to make the lathing from boards with a cross-section of at least 25x100 mm and a pitch of 350-500 mm. It must correspond to the pitch of the metal tile wave and be without deflections so that snow or water does not get into them. It is necessary to make a gap between the metal tile and the layer of thermal and waterproofing for ventilation in the roofing pie. Antioxidant films are used for waterproofing.

Drainage

Drainage from roofs is arranged externally in an unorganized and organizational manner.

Drainage from the roof of the designed building is organized through external gutters with a diameter of 13 mm. The number of pipes is determined at the rate of 1 cm2 of pipe cross-section per 1 m2 of roofing at a distance of 18 - 20 m from each other. The pipes are secured with crutches.

Pipes are hung from bottom to top on hooks fixed to the wall no closer than 120 mm from it; pipe outlets are made no higher than 0.4 m above the level of the sidewalk (blind area).

Figure 10. Organization of drainage

3 . Gmaster plan

The master plan was developed in accordance with the design assignment, taking into account the wind rose, zoning of the territory, in compliance with sanitary and fire safety standards. The terrain of the construction site is flat.

Landscaping in the master plan should occupy at least 30% of the territory. Landscaping of the site involves planting shrubs, trees, laying out lawns and flower beds.

When locating buildings between them, appropriate distances, called gaps, must be maintained, the minimum permissible values ​​of which are determined by sanitary and fire safety standards (at least 6 m).

The roadway surface is asphalt concrete; sidewalks and pedestrian paths - asphalt.

3.1 Construction site characteristicsAndgovernment

The construction site is located in Ulan-Ude.

Climatic region - 1, subdistrict - 1B.

Wind region - 3.

Temperature of the coldest day -39°С Temperature of the coldest five-day period -37°С Standard value of wind pressure 38 kgf/m2 Standard value of snow cover weight 50 kgf/m2 Estimated seismicity 8 points

The estimated depth of soil freezing is 2.22 m. The foundations are based on medium-sized sand.

According to engineering-geological and natural-climatic conditions, the site is suitable for the construction of the designed building.

3.2 Building location and orientation

When designing a building, it is necessary to take into account the direction of prevailing winds. The prevailing wind direction is determined by the wind rose, which is a vector diagram. The wind rose is built according to 8 points of reference - the main geographical cardinal directions. The prevailing wind direction corresponds to the largest vector of the wind rose, directed towards its center. With rational design, it should be directed towards the corner or end of the building. Data for constructing a wind rose are determined according to SNiP 23-01-99 “Building climatology” (values ​​by numerator, %).

Average value

The predominant wind direction for the city of Ulan-Ude in summer (in July) is north-west (red line), in winter (in January) - west (blue line).

Figure 11. Compass rose

3.3 Elements blagoon facilitiesAmaster plan

The master plan contains the designed building, ?

Improvement of public areas includes the construction of transport roads and pedestrian sidewalks, recreation areas, and landscaping.

The development of the microdistrict is decided taking into account the most favorable insolation, ventilation and isolation from noise and dust. For this purpose, recreation areas with sports grounds are set up, and walkways along driveways and pedestrian roads are landscaped. Landscaping cleans the air and has great health benefits, and also protects from winds and city noise.

3.4 Technical and economic indicators of the master plan

Table 3. Technical and economic indicators of the master plan

4 . ABOUTbuilding decoration

Finishing work is intended to protect building structures from harmful environmental influences, increase service life and give the surface a beautiful appearance. Finishing of buildings increases sound insulation and fire protection.

The designed building is being finished inside and out. They plaster, paint, tile, lay linoleum, etc.

4.1 Outdoorfinishing

The exterior of the residential building is completely plastered, including the basement. The front surface of the external walls is plastered with cement-sand mortar, so the walls are laid “empty”, leaving the front seams unfilled to a depth of 10 - 15 mm in order to ensure a good connection of the plaster layer with the wall.

Before applying the mortar, brick surfaces are moistened with water, which washes away dust and protects the mortar from quickly releasing moisture to the surface, which causes it to lose its strength. For brick walls, the thickness of the plaster is considered normal up to 15 mm.

The front surface of the external walls is painted with a waterproof composition. The color is blue.

Table 4. Exterior finishing list

4.2 Internalfinishing

The internal surface of the walls of the designed building is plastered with cement-lime mortar, painted with water-based paint and lined with glazed ceramic tiles. The facing is carried out seam to seam and diagonally on cement mortar.

Bathroom: Floors - ceramic tiles.

Walls - ceramic tiles (H = 1.8 m),

Ceiling - grouted, painted with water-based paint. Color white.

Gym:

The floors are planks, painted with floor enamel.

Walls - plastering, painting.

The ceiling is painted with a water-based composition. Color white.

Table 5. Interior finishing list

5 . ANDengineeringequipment

The designed building is characterized by:

Water supply - combined utility and fire protection from external

Hot water supply is centralized.

Heating is central water.

Sewage - domestic.

Power supply - from the city network, voltage 220 V.

Ventilation - supply and exhaust.

Communication and signaling device - telephone installation.

Zconclusion

As a result of the course design, architectural and construction drawings of the building facade, ground floor plan, section, foundation and floor slab plan, roof plan and general plan were developed.

The explanatory note describes the space-planning and structural design of the building, selects the external and internal finishing of the building, calculates the depth of the foundations and thermal engineering calculations of the external enclosing structures.

The brick residential building was designed taking into account regulatory and technical documentation and SNiP requirements.

Literature

1. Vilchik N. P. Architecture of buildings. - M: Infra-M, 2008

2. Belokonev E.N., Abukhanov A.Z. Fundamentals of architecture of buildings and structures. - Rostov-n/D: Phoenix, 2005

3. Gelfond A. L. Architectural design of public buildings and structures. - St. Petersburg: Architecture-S, 2007

4. Lazarev A.G., Kudinova E.O. Architect's Handbook. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2005.

5. Lantsov A.L. Computer design of buildings. - M: Stroyizdat, 2007

6. Maklakova T.G., Nanosova S.M. Constructions of civil buildings. - M.: ASV, 2000.

7. Buga P.G. Civil, industrial and agricultural buildings. -M.: Higher School, 1983.

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Characteristics of the residential building construction area. Description of general plan and space-planning solutions. Constructive solutions for a residential building. Thermal calculation of the wall. Calculation of the depth of foundation and stairs. Description of the building's decoration.

course work, added 01/24/2016


Space-planning solution for an individual residential building. Using the principle of functional zoning. Communication between floors. The relative location of the premises and their area. Internal and external walls, partitions, ceilings and floors.

course work, added 01/17/2014


Design of an 18-storey residential building made of monolithic reinforced concrete, a residential building with a hidden crossbar and a 2-storey residential building. Engineering and technical equipment of the building. Foundations, walls and partitions, ceilings and coverings, stairs, roofing.

abstract, added 02/21/2011


Development of construction and structural solutions for the main elements of the building. Features of the space-planning solution of the building. Calculations of landscaping of the adjacent territory and engineering support of the building. Determining the cost of building a residential building.

thesis, added 07/18/2014


General characteristics of the designed building, thermal engineering calculations and sound insulation of enclosing structures. The main space-planning and design solutions of the building: foundation, walls, floor, staircase. Technical and economic assessment of this project.

course work, added 07/24/2011


Features of constructive solutions for residential and public buildings. Architectural and structural solution: foundation, walls and partitions, ceilings, stairs. Specification of elements for filling openings. Determining the level of the base of the foundation, collecting loads.

course work, added 07/17/2011


Description of the construction area and space-planning development of the architectural design of a two-story residential building. Structural solution of the project: foundation, external walls, ceilings, partitions, floors, windows. Feasibility study of the project.

course work, added 12/28/2014


Location in the corner building of a designed 5-storey residential building. Space-planning solution. Structural solutions: foundation, external walls, internal walls, ceilings, roof covering, wastewater drainage. List of finishing of premises.

course work, added 07/24/2011


Methodology for designing a two-story, four-room residential building. Development of a space-planning solution for this structure, ways to ensure the spatial rigidity of the house. Thermal engineering calculation of a building, development of its structure and elements.

In the conditions of modern large cities, the relevance of the construction of multi-storey residential buildings has acquired enormous proportions. As cities grow, so do residents’ needs for new, modern and comfortable housing.

The creation of a competent living environment for comfortable living of people is inextricably linked with the urban planning situation, the presence of the necessary infrastructure and social and cultural facilities in the housing microdistrict.

The main issue with which the design of multi-storey residential buildings begins is the ability to balance the economic interests of the developer and the social needs of residents, while not forgetting about compliance with the norms and rules of housing design.

This confronts designers with a number of obstacles and difficulties on the way to creating a project, forcing them to take into account with particular scrupulousness not only the totality of existing conditions, norms and requirements, but also the presence of economic factors in the process of developing reliable, comfortable, and at the same time inexpensive housing.

The design of apartment buildings is steadily subject to the main modern trends in construction, the emergence of new materials, technologies and methods that make it possible to create the most comfortable and favorable living conditions for all groups of the population, as well as improve the aesthetic perception of the living environment.

Designing residential apartment buildings is not an easy task, the solution of which begins with determining their role and significance in the structure of the microdistrict. It involves, first of all, the competent placement of buildings in the city structure, taking into account the existing buildings, transport and engineering networks, the presence of schools, kindergartens, clinics, retail facilities and other integral components of people’s lives. As a rule, the available infrastructure facilities are not enough to meet the needs of all residents of the microdistrict.

To assess the current situation, existing environmental factors and parameters, as well as calculate project needs, first of all, a project for planning the territory of the site on which the development will be located is developed.

It is the planning organization of the territory of a land plot that largely sets such important parameters as the number of storeys, geometric dimensions, configuration of the building, its orientation in space and, of course, influences architectural, planning, engineering, technological and constructive solutions.

Designing multi-storey buildings is impossible without drawing up technical specifications for design, which sets the basic requirements for design solutions, such as: number of storeys, composition of premises, area and number of rooms in apartments, height of premises, presence of balconies and loggias, materials used, engineering and technical support , completion date and composition of project documentation. All this helps to find mutual understanding between the customer and the contractor, eliminates controversial issues, and allows for successful implementation of the project within the agreed time frame.

The space-planning solution for an apartment building begins with the development and agreement with the customer of the architectural concept of the residential complex, which lays out the key points of the project as a whole: the number and spatial arrangement of buildings, parking lots, engineering structures, the set of apartments and their areas, the main stylistic techniques are approved and color solutions.

To obtain a visual representation of the designed houses and their role in the surrounding development and natural environment, a three-dimensional model of the project is created, which makes it possible to see the residential complex from different viewpoints, which makes it possible to demonstrate the plans and decisions of the designers in the most realistic and accessible way.

It is not without reason that the most common type of multi-storey residential buildings in our country are sectional houses, because the possibility of using standard sections allows you to reduce design and construction costs, reduce the time required to complete the work, which directly affects the cost of housing for buyers, and undoubtedly leads to an increase in demand for him.

Design of multi-storey residential buildings is one of the services provided by FIRM KROKI LLC. By contacting us, you will achieve the necessary results, appreciate a competent approach, high-quality execution of work, and, most importantly, save your time and money thanks to a competent dialogue and a flexible pricing system for this type of design work.

You can see examples of our already completed work.