Prefabricated foundation for the fence. Foundation for a fence: a step-by-step guide to installing a reliable foundation (80 photos)

The fence at first glance is not a tricky structure. However, this is the element of your real estate by which the owner will be judged. This is the first thing you will see when you come home every day.

With a careless approach to construction, you can get a rickety fence next spring, or at best a crack. In order not to pay twice, it is important to choose the right type, depth and thickness of the future foundation.

The main goal of the foundation for the fence is to ensure the reliable stability of the fence for many decades. The type of foundation depends on the design of the fence

Today, there are a number of fence options. Depending on the price of the issue, you can choose from the following options:

• Rabitz
• slate
• wooden spans
• corrugated board
• brickwork
• forged gratings
• stone fence

The properties of different types of foundations for a fence can vary significantly. The main criterion for choosing a foundation is the weight, as well as the windage of the fence you have chosen.

So, for example, the foundation for a corrugated fence (although visually the corrugated material does not create a massive impression) will practically be the same as the foundation for other heavy fence options (due to its high windage). In order to withstand gusts of wind and not to roll, such a fence also needs a reliable foundation.

Which option will stop?

In addition to the above-ground features of your future fence, when choosing a foundation, you should also take into account the type of soil, the level of groundwater.

The types of foundations for the fence are conditionally divided into the following:

• tape
• pile
• columnar
• combined
• rubble

What is the best foundation for a fence?

The properties that ready-made bases have will help you make the right choice.

Tape

Very often, this foundation is used for heavy brick or stone fences. With a properly calculated depth of the strip foundation, the foundation can provide durability and stability to the entire structure. A strip foundation will be a good option for installing brick bases or pillars to which heavy concrete spans will be attached. When installing voluminous and high forged fences, you can also use the tape version of the foundation.

For the manufacture of the strip base of the foundation, two hundredth concrete or higher is used. Reinforcement of the foundation is made with reinforcement of 8-10 mm.

However, when choosing lightweight fencing options, the tape option may turn out to be unreasonably expensive both in terms of money and physical resources.

pile

The pile foundation is well suited for lightweight fence structures. Such a foundation is able to provide long-term and reliable stability of the entire fence. Also, this option is preferable for those areas where the upper layers of the soil are not stable.

The design principle of pile supports is to install metal piles with subsequent pouring into concrete. Due to the special design, the support is screwed into the soil. The blades of the piles must be lowered below the freezing level of the soil, so that when the ground freezes, the foundation is not squeezed out of the soil.

Columnar

In terms of costs - the most cost-effective. It is perfect for light wooden or metal spans fixed in brick or metal columns. The columnar version is perfect for installing a chain-link fence. Even if you do not have special skills, you can make such a foundation yourself.

How to make a columnar foundation for a fence with your own hands?

With the help of a drill, holes are drilled in the soil under the future foundations of the fence. The diameter of the wells should exceed the diameter of the pillars by 20 cm. The distance between the bases depends on the fence material used, but it is better to adhere to a step of no more than 2 meters.

Wells must be drilled and concrete poured into them.

Combined

According to its name, the foundation for the fence is poured in a combined way. The strip and column versions are combined for a particularly secure base.

This option is designed for the heaviest and sailing fences. This choice of base achieves a number of advantages. The pillars or columns on which the spans of the fence will be placed will be securely fixed in the soil, and thanks to the strip foundation, their vertical axis will be securely held by the common foundation frame.

To achieve a high-quality result, reinforcement of the entire foundation for the fence is mandatory. Both columnar supports and strip spans are reinforced. The step of installation of support columns can be used from 1 to 2.5 m.

Rubble

The rubble foundation is strikingly distinguished from others by its beauty and decorativeness. In addition to its attractive appearance, it has a special reliability and durability. In the completed version, it does not require additional plastering or cladding. This type of foundation is especially often used when installing a wrought iron fence.

For laying the rubble foundation, stones of different sizes are used. If you are building a foundation yourself, follow two basic rules. The mortar that holds the stones together should account for 15% of the total volume of the base. To achieve sufficient harmony, continue to raise the laying of stones to at least half a meter from the ground.

As you can see in the photo of the rubble foundation for the fence, forged massive gratings look very beneficial and noble on natural stone.

Foundation depth calculation

To achieve the desired result, you must adhere to the main rule. Sufficient stability and durability of the entire fence directly depends on the correct calculated depth and thickness of the foundation.

From the practice of arranging light fences, it has been established that the optimal depth of the foundation from the soil horizon is a depth of half a meter. The depth of such a foundation for non-heavy types of fence is quite capable of coping with the tasks assigned to it. To install heavier fences, it is necessary to build on some indicators. Firstly, how frozen is the ground on your site. Secondly, what layers does the soil consist of. Physical properties of each of the discovered soil layers.

The base of the foundation must be installed below the freezing point by at least 0.4 meters. If you are at a loss with an accurate indicator of soil freezing, it can be found in reference materials for the climatic zone in which construction is planned.

So, for the construction of the fence, a variety of foundations are used. The most popular are columnar, tape or combined. All these types of foundation arrangement are within the power of even a novice master. Subject to the basic rules and technologies, you can install a fence that will delight your eye for more than one year.

Photo of the foundation for the fence

The type of base for the fence is chosen depending on the type of soil and materials used in construction. A strip foundation for a fence is the best option, regardless of what the enclosing structure will be built from. To save money, you can arrange a base on brick pillars for a light weight fence. The most expensive and time-consuming is the installation of a stone base.

Foundation selection

For the installation of fences, several types of foundations are used. The reliability and durability of the entire structure will depend on the correct calculations and adherence to the base installation technology.

Before making a choice, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

• the type of soil and the degree of its shrinkage with seasonal fluctuations in temperature and humidity;
• the weight of the fence is important if the soil of a weak structure can sag if the foundation is not laid correctly;
• proximity to underground sources and the possibility of washing the foundation under the fence with sewage, rain, groundwater;
• when building near a road or railway, vibration loads must be taken into account;
• tall structures in strong winds can heel and bend.

The foundation takes on the load and evenly distributes it to the ground, thereby protecting the structure from shrinkage. A fence made of corrugated board and brick with a foundation will last much longer than without it.

Kinds

The main types of bases and their characteristics are presented in the table:

№	View	Characteristic
1	Strip foundation for a fence	They are used for the installation of heavy fences made of concrete blocks, bricks, etc. They are mounted in the form of a concrete tape around the entire perimeter. The width should be slightly wider than the fence itself. Depth varies from 500 to 800 mm. On construction sites with a slope, a tape with steps located at the installation sites of load-bearing supports is arranged.
2	Columnar	It is mounted only under the supporting elements to a depth below the freezing point of the soil. Such a foundation is suitable for a fence made of corrugated board, mesh, and other light materials. Holes are drilled at a distance of 2-3 m from each other, a pipe is inserted, reinforced and poured with cement mortar.
3	Combined	It is used on difficult soils and for heavy structures. It combines a strip base that expands at the places where the pillars are installed.
4	Stone	Arranged from natural stone and brick, does not require reinforcement with metal reinforcing elements. Suitable for stone fences or concrete slabs.

The best option is a strip foundation for a fence with brick pillars. It is strong, reliable and beautiful.

Tape base

The strip foundation for the construction of a fence made of corrugated board, wood, brick, stone is arranged along the entire length of the fence.

Strip foundation for a fence

Calculation of parameters

Perform calculations of the main indicators:

• The depth of the foundation for a strip fence made of light materials is 500 mm. For fences made of heavy materials, soil characteristics and operating conditions are taken into account. Sometimes it is required to deepen the base below the freezing point of the soil, by 40 cm.
• The base area affects the wind load resistance. Properly calculated indicators will protect the structure from shrinkage and give it strength. On heaving soil, incorrect calculation can cause the soil to push the structure out.

The foundation area must be no less than (k(n)*F) / (k(c)*R), where:

• k(n) - reliability factor;
• k(c) - coefficient of working conditions;
• R - soil resistance.

All indicators of building materials and soil are taken into account in the calculation of the foundation.

Preparatory work

Before you make the foundation for the fence, you need to do the preparatory work:

1. Clean the surface of debris.
2. They make markings, drive stakes along the intended line and pull the rope between them.
3. They dig a ditch to the depth of the foundation for the fence at least 400 mm, a width of 400 mm. At the locations of the bearing pillars, they are deepened by 60-90 cm, depending on the type of soil.
4. Select support pillars with a height of 2500 mm with a diameter of 50 to 80 mm.
5. A layer of sand and gravel 150 mm thick is poured at the bottom of the trench. Moisten with water and tamp in layers.

The foundation for the corrugated fence is made wider for better resistance to wind loads.

Do you need formwork

There are two options for mounting a fence with a strip foundation:

The device of the strip foundation for the fence

• Without formwork device. In this case, the posts are installed and fixed in the trench before pouring with cement mortar. Deeper wells are drilled under the pillars, a support is inserted and covered with dense pebbles: gravel, pebbles. After that, the reinforcement is laid.
• Formwork is made from boards, plywood and other improvised materials. The boards are knocked down into shields equal in height to the foundation. The formwork protects the trenches from falling asleep with earth. They are installed in a ditch, put spacers and supports so that the structure does not fall apart under the pressure of concrete. Fix the supports. Reinforcement of the foundation for the fence is carried out with metal rods interconnected by wire into a mesh structure.

The shape for concrete helps to ensure that the plinth will turn out to be even, and the fence will look more beautiful.

pouring concrete

You can pour the foundation under the fence with your own hands:

• with technological breaks;
• in one go.

If the first option is chosen, it must be taken into account that the time interval between pouring layers cannot exceed 12 hours. Otherwise, the strength of the structure will decrease.

When installing in one go, you will need a large volume of concrete mix, which is better to order factory-made.

After the mold has been dismantled from the boards, the gap between the foundation and the pit is backfilled with sand or clay. They are well compacted, pre-wetting. The strip foundation is most suitable for mounting a fence made of profiled sheet, brick, concrete blocks.

The formwork is dismantled after the concrete gains more than 70% strength.

Foundation for brick fence

brick fence

The foundation for a brick fence is mounted taking into account the additional construction of brick pillars. Inside the brick pillar there must be a metal pillar, concreted with the lower end into the foundation.

Many are wondering how to make a high-quality foundation for a fence with brick pillars. The best option is the device tape-columnar base. It is highly durable and looks beautiful. Here is information on how to make a foundation for laying a brick fence with your own hands.

Mounting technology

The foundation for a brick fence with your own hands includes the installation of a concrete tape with holes for the installation of pillars. The width is calculated depending on the weight and height of the building envelope. The higher the fence, the wider the concrete tape should be.

The foundation for a fence with brick pillars is made with an expansion in depth, its shape should resemble a truncated pentahedron with a slight slope. The lower and upper ribs are arranged in a ratio of 1:2.

Preparatory work

Before pouring the foundation for a brick fence, you need to make markings on the ground and dig a trench around the entire perimeter of the structure.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Marking is carried out by installing wooden or metal stakes, between which a rope is pulled along the level.
2. They dig a trench with a depth of about 500 mm, a width of 400-600 mm.
3. Make recesses under the pillars with a hand drill at a distance of 1-2.5 m from each other.
4. Mount the formwork according to the scheme described above.
5. A sand cushion 150-200 mm thick is poured at the bottom.

A layer of roofing material or other waterproofing material is laid and the installation of supporting elements is started, without which the brick pillars will quickly become unusable.

Installation of supports

In order for brick pillars to serve for a long time, they must be qualitatively strengthened from the inside:

Supports for a brick fence

1. Install metal supports, hammering them to a depth of 200-300 mm. The width of the well should be 300 mm, the minimum depth is 1 m. On heaving soils, a depth of at least 1200 mm is made. The supports are tied with metal rods and reinforced from the inside. Fill the cavity with concrete.
2. For a fence made of brick pillars, reinforcement of the base around the entire perimeter is mandatory. Metal rods are laid along the entire length according to the principle: 2 rods are placed parallel to each other at the bottom and on top. For heavy structures, transverse reinforcement is also mounted.
3. The tape is poured with concrete, the solution is well compacted so that there are no voids left.

They wait until the tape is completely dry, only after that they begin to install brick pillars.

Masonry brick pillars

brick fence laying

The foundation for a fence with your own hands is quite simple to make, if you strictly follow the technology. Brickwork is done with strapping with metal rods for structural strength.

You can make a fence by following the rule: the pillars are laid one and a half (in 1.5 bricks) or double (in 2 bricks).

The space formed between the brick and the metal post, fill with cement mortar with the addition of durable stone.

Lay the brick strictly in a vertical plane, check the level with a plumb line.

After completion of work, the pillars stand for 14 days. During this period, they are treated with an impregnation that protects against moisture.

A metal cap can be put on the upper end of the rack, which protects against penetration of precipitation and washing out of concrete.

stone foundation

Fence with stone foundation

The stone foundation is arranged for massive heavy fences made of natural stone or brick.

The foundation for a fence made of corrugated board or other lightweight material should not be made of stone for the reason that it will be unreasonably expensive.

To figure out how to make a stone foundation correctly, you need to learn how to calculate its surface and depth, and know the technology of the device.

The stone foundation is mounted in a pre-prepared trench. Natural stone is placed in the formwork on a previously poured sand cushion and a layer of waterproofing material.

The process of arranging a stone strip foundation is laborious and expensive, so such a foundation is made quite rarely.

The base for the fence of corrugated board

Corrugated fence

Profile flooring is often used for the construction of fences due to its high performance and low cost.

A fence made of corrugated board on a strip foundation will last more than 50 years.

They determine the dimensions of the platform and the depth of laying, proceed to the device of the strip foundation for the fence with their own hands. You will need a few helpers to get the job done.

Do-it-yourself scheme for constructing a strip foundation for a fence made of corrugated board is described above.

The second option is to build the base of the fence from blocks that are laid in rows in a trench. Each row of blocks must be poured with concrete and compacted well.

In advance, holes are provided for the supports at a distance corresponding to the size of the profiled sheet for the fence from the metal profile.

Built according to technology, a fence made of profiled sheet, brick, concrete blocks will be a reliable support for the entire structure.It is important to correctly calculate the main parameters and install the structure strictly according to the level. Which foundation to choose is determined based onpreliminarycalculations.

Owners of private households, summer cottages and private areas of land seek to protect their property from uninvited guests and prying eyes by building fences. The more reliable and higher this barrier, the greater the feeling of protection from the influences of the outside world. If you plan only to designate your territory, then the supporting pillars can simply be driven into the ground. However, capital fencing will require the laying of heavy types of reinforced foundations.

What types of foundation for the fence are there

The main function of the fence foundation is to evenly distribute the weight of the entire fence structure. The capital foundation will exclude the possibility of rupture and deformation of such a structure.

The type of foundation to be laid must meet the following criteria:

• design features of the fence - the height and weight of the material used;
• the composition of the soil in the built-up area;
• the relief of the earth at the site of the construction of the fence.

In accordance with the listed nuances, a shallow base is suitable for light barriers, and for more capital fences, monolithic heavy foundations with reinforcement are suitable.

It should be noted that before construction work it is necessary to investigate the features of the soil.

If this is neglected, then an improperly selected foundation will cause deformation and distortion of the fence. As a result, you will have to rebuild everything, spending a lot of time and money.

According to its composition, the soil differs in several types:

1. Soil containing a lot of sand. During the melting of snow or heavy rains, such soil tends to shift. For such soil, it is better to use a strip base or a foundation on screw piles.
2. The soil, which contains a lot of clay and sandy loam, is prone to freezing to a great depth. This feature contributes to the appearance of quicksand, making it unstable. If there are a large number of large stones in such soil, then only a pile foundation should be used. If the clay composition of the soil has a uniform structure, then a strip base is suitable.
3. The soil, consisting of gravel, does not have the property of deep freezing and displacement when exposed to moisture. For such soil, a columnar foundation is most suitable.
4. If it is planned to erect a fence on rocky or solid stone soil, then any foundation, except for pile and screw, will serve as the foundation for it.

Tape

The tape base for the fence is a concrete structure, usually in the form of an elongated parallelepiped, which is reinforced with a frame of reinforcing bars before hardening. In the solid state, the concrete tape is the basis for the installation of pillars and spans of the fence.

Quite often, in order to strengthen the installed pillars, the tape base has an extension in the form of a cube. This design feature helps to strengthen the reinforcing pipe (vertical support) for the fence post.

When erecting a fence on unstable types of soil, the strip base is combined with other foundations. The strip foundation on concrete pillars has proven itself well. In the finished (frozen) state, this base is a solid reinforced concrete structure.

Due to its shape, this type of foundation evenly distributes the weight of the entire fence, increasing its stability. The tape base can be used both for heavy brick buildings and for light fences made of wood or profiled sheets. This gave grounds to call it universal.

The tape base is to be reinforced with metal rods, with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.2 cm. For this, a three-dimensional frame is made from the reinforcement, in which there are 4 or 6 long horizontal rods connected by elements of the same material. For these connecting parts, pieces of reinforcing bars of the required length are prepared, which are fastened by welding. The distance between the long reinforcement is from 20 to 40 cm, depending on the width and height of the strip foundation. The distance between the connecting elements is usually in the range from 50 to 80 cm.

The construction of a strip foundation is a very costly process, but such a foundation justifies itself due to its good stability and long service life.

From corrugated board

A fence made of this sheet material exerts an insignificant load on the base. In this regard, only the support posts are subject to strengthening. For such a fence, a columnar foundation has proven itself well.

This type of base is considered the most budgetary, as it is a pillar of a cylindrical or cubic shape, from 50 to 80 cm high. A metal pillar is fixed in the middle of such a pillar.

The construction principle of such a foundation is that a metal pillar is driven into the bottom of the hole, and its voids are poured with concrete. When installing such a foundation, special attention should be paid to soil research, since the fence made of profiled sheets has a large windage. If this is neglected, the posts in the fence will warp or deform under the influence of a strong wind.

The columnar foundation can be strengthened with reinforcement. For this, reinforcing bars with a length of 50 to 70 cm are used, from which a three-dimensional structure is made. Wire can be used as connecting elements. The image shows such a design.

A similar foundation is often used in the construction of fences made of wood and chain-link mesh.

For brick fence

Fences of this type are heavy, so the foundation for them must be capital. For a brick fence, you need to use a tape or tape-columnar base.

The strip base should rise above ground level by at least 10-15 cm.

Depending on the friability of the soil, the concrete strip can be combined with a column foundation, making expansions at the location of the pillars. It should be noted that a brick fence, every 250 - 300 cm, must have a pillar. These supports are necessarily reinforced with a channel, a pipe or several reinforcing bars. Around such a rod, a pillar is laid.

This type of foundation is the most expensive, since in addition to a large amount of concrete, a lot of reinforcement will be required to make a reinforcing frame.

Under the fence with brick pillars

The foundation for this type of fence is a concrete pile with a thickening under a brick pillar. Such a foundation is completely buried in the ground. The masonry of the pillar is carried out from its zero level.

The pile foundation must be reinforced with metal rods. A profiled pipe is used as a reinforcing element for the brickwork of the pillar and concrete pile.

This type of foundation is less expensive than the previous option. The columnar base with a thickening is successfully used in various types of soil, except for solid stone.

How to fill the foundation correctly: we understand the technology

Before pouring concrete for the manufacture of the foundation, it is necessary to calculate the proportions of the mixture and the total amount of materials for the manufacture of the foundation.

In addition to the concrete mix, you will need:

• fine gravel;
• sand;
• reinforcing bars;
• edged board, thick plywood or OSB boards for the manufacture of formwork;
• ruberoid;
• polyethylene;
• wire.

Proportions and calculation of the volume of concrete

For the manufacture of a concrete mixture for pouring the foundation, it will be necessary to observe the proportions of cement, sand, filler (crushed stone) and water.

For this purpose, coarser-grained sand is used than that used in the manufacture of masonry or plaster mortar.

The most suitable size for crushed stone (crushed stone) when building a foundation is about 20 mm.

The proportions when mixing the ingredients can vary significantly depending on the size and weight of the future structure, the characteristics of the filling materials and the climatic features of the site being built.

When using crushed stone with parameters of 20 mm, the proportions of cement, sand and crushed stone are used within 1: 3: 6. If such a filler is smaller, then the indicated proportions change to 1:4:4. A foundation with the specified parameters is suitable for the construction of garden fences and other fences with a relatively low weight.

For heavier structures, an ingredient ratio of 1:2.5:3.5 will be required. It should be noted that an increase in the amount of sand in the mixture reduces the strength of the concrete base.

Calculation of the volume of concrete mix

To pour the foundation, it is extremely important to know not only the proportions of the mixture, but also the required volume of concrete for the foundation. It is most convenient to make the calculation using a strip-column foundation as a template. Such a base combines all the listed types of concrete bases: columnar (including with expansion) and tape. Visually, a fragment of such a base can be divided into the simplest geometric shapes: a cube, a parallelepiped and a cylinder.

Using mathematical formulas from a school geometry course, it is easy to calculate the volumes of these figures with great accuracy, as well as the total amount of the mixture for the foundation.

As an example, a calculation will be made for a fence 16 m long. Let's say that concrete pillars are located at a distance of 2.5 m from each other. The diameter of each post is 0.15 m. First you need to set their total number to the specified length. To make it convenient to count, you need to use the thickness parameters of one column and one span: 2.5 + 0.15 = 2.65 m.

Now you need to find out how many such distances will fit in the length of the fence: 16: 2.65 = 6.03. You need to add one more column, since it will be extreme, 6.03 + 1 \u003d 7.03 will be rounded up to 7 pieces.

Based on the design of the strip-column base, there will also be 7 thickenings of the foundation. It should be noted that each thickening has a parameter of 0.4x0.4x0.4 m. By the same principle, their total number in the foundation is calculated. The span length in this case will be 2.15 m. Let's substitute the values: 0.4 + 2.15 = 2.55 m.

We determine how many such distances fit along the length of the fence (and add one cube): 16: 2.55 + 0.4 = 6.27 + 0.4 = 6.67 pcs. In this case, you can make the fence a little longer or shorten one span. The number of spans will be equal to 6 pieces.

Using the obtained parameters, it is easy to calculate the volumes of concrete for each figure.

Calculation for pillars

To calculate the volume of the mixture for one cylindrical column, you need to use the appropriate formula: V = πR²h, where π is a mathematical constant equal to 3.14, expressing the ratio of the circumference to its diameter; R is the radius of the circle; h is the height of the cylinder.

It should be noted that according to this formula, the radius will be 0.075² \u003d 0.005625 m (according to the rules for rounding numbers, this value will be equal to 0.006 m). Let's substitute the values: 3.14 ∙ 0.006 ∙ 0.5 \u003d 0.00942 m³ - this is the volume of concrete for one column. For all pillars: 0.0942∙7=0.06594 m³, rounded up to 0.07 m³.

Thickening calculation

Since the thickenings of the foundation have a cubic shape, the calculations must be made using the formula for calculating the volume of a cube, which looks like this: V=h³, where h is the height, length and width of the figure. Let's substitute the values: 0.4∙0.4∙0.4=0.064 m³.

The found volume of the mixture for the thickening of the entire foundation: 0.064 ∙ 7 \u003d 0.448 m³.

Span calculation

The spans are in the form of parallelepipeds. To calculate their volume, it is necessary to use the cube volume formula: 2.15∙0.4∙0.3=0.258 m³. We determine the total volume of the mixture for all spans: 0.258∙6=1.548 m³.

How to make a foundation for a fence with your own hands - step by step instructions

When the required volume of concrete is determined and all materials for construction are prepared, you can begin to manufacture the foundation for the fence. To do this, you must perform the following construction steps:

1. First of all, you need to make markings for the trench on the site to be built. For this, it is convenient to use cords stretched over stakes.
2. Dig a trench 45 cm wide, 70 cm deep, 16 m long along the marked lines. The parameters of the trench are made larger than the size of the foundation itself, since a margin is needed for installing waterproofing and formwork.
3. When the excavation of the trench is over, its bottom must be leveled. To do this, it is convenient to use a homemade manual rammer. To make it, you need to attach a smaller bar to the end of a log or thick beam, which will serve as a handle. The result is a T-shaped structure.
4. Then, using a hand drill, at a distance of 215 cm from each other, dig holes with a diameter of 20 cm. If such tools were not at hand, then you can use an ice fishing drill. The depth of such holes should be 60 cm.
5. Pour sand at the bottom of each hole to make a layer of 5 cm. It must be remembered that wet sand is better compressed.
6. The bottom of the trench must also be covered with sand to get a uniform layer of 10 cm.
7. After that, fill the holes with a layer of fine gravel, 5 cm thick. At the bottom of the trench, this layer should be 10 cm.
8. Now it is necessary to cover the inner surfaces of the trench and holes with a waterproofing material. As such, you can use roofing material. For holes, it is convenient to use asbestos-cement pipes of the appropriate diameter.
9. For a strip-column foundation, it is necessary to make a reinforcing (reinforcing) frame. For this, corrugated reinforcing bars with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm are used.
10. Install asbestos-cement pipes in holes. You can use roofing material rolled into a pipe
11. Install metal structures in the wells. It must be taken into account that the reinforcing frame in the holes should rise above its upper edge by 15–20 cm.
12. Pour the concrete mixture into the holes.
13. It takes time for the mixture to set. Usually 4 to 6 days is enough for this. After that, you can proceed to further construction steps.
14. Cover the walls and bottom of the trench with roofing material
15. Lay a reinforcing frame of reinforcing bars at the bottom of the trench. It should be noted that the metal structure should not touch the bottom of the trench. For this, the frame is placed on bars or fragments of bricks. Alternatively, you can drive pieces of reinforcement into the bottom, on which to fix the entire structure.
16. Since the foundation surface will rise 10–15 cm above ground level, formwork will need to be made for pouring. This will require thick plywood, edged board, OSB boards or other material from which you can make a strong and even barrier. To prevent the sides of the formwork from falling apart under the pressure of uncured concrete, they are reinforced with struts and struts.
17. To prevent concrete from sticking to the formwork, its inner surface can be covered with thick polyethylene, securing it with stapler brackets.
18. Pour the prepared concrete mixture into the formwork. For the foundation to be strong, it must be laid in layers. It should be noted that during pouring, concrete mixes with air, which causes a lot of bubbles to appear in the mixture. Their presence makes the base brittle. To remove them from the uncured concrete, a deep vibrator is used. If such a device was not at hand, then you can use a stick or reinforcing bar, bayoneting the mixture many times.
19. The poured concrete must completely cover all the elements of the reinforcing frame. Concrete, even in a liquid state, can have an uneven surface. Therefore, while it has not frozen, it is necessary to level it with a rule or a wide board with even edges.
20. When the foundation is poured, it will take time to solidify. Usually this period is from 6 to 10 days. This period is applicable for air temperatures from +5 to +40°C. If the filling is carried out at low temperatures, then the solidification time will increase to 3-4 weeks. At temperatures below 10–12 °C, pouring is not recommended. It should be noted that the concrete mixture tends to quickly lose moisture. Therefore, after pouring and leveling, you need to cover the foundation with thick polyethylene. This contributes to uniform solidification and protects from exposure to sunlight. In addition, the first two days, the surface of the foundation must be moistened with water. If these actions are neglected, the frozen base will be covered with cracks, which can lead to a break in the concrete base.
21. When the specified period has passed, you can remove the formwork and proceed with further construction work on the construction of the fence. The surface of the finished foundation must be cleaned of dust and debris, and only then proceed with the construction of the fence.

Video: making a foundation for a fence

A properly selected and poured foundation will make the fence structure resistant to temperature changes in the soil. Accurate calculations will eliminate unnecessary costs for the purchase of materials and concrete mix.

The fence for everyone is a protection and a common first impression of the house for each guest. Every good owner wants to build a reliable, high-quality and beautiful fence at the same time, which, in addition to the protective function, would also perform a decorative one. When building a fence, you should carefully approach the choice of material from which it will be made, since its durability and practicality will depend on the strength and reliability during laying. It is not difficult to build a reliable strip foundation for a fence with your own hands, you need to carefully and clearly follow the instructions and rules of the manufacturer.

If you save money and install the fence without installing the foundation just in the ground, then in the end, over time, it can squint and crack, which will lead to its complete replacement. This is especially sad when spending large sums of money on fence building materials.

The choice of tools and materials for pouring the foundation is also important. The use of low-quality raw materials can adversely affect its quality itself (poor clinging of the material, long drying, excessive brittleness).

Every manufacturer that respects its name does not allow the release of low-quality goods and defects. All products must be controlled by higher authorities and receive the necessary certification. Buying such products, you can be sure of its good quality and safety.

What is the foundation like?

Basically, the varieties of the base are divided according to technical features.

They are:

• Tape
• massive
• Made from corrugated board

The pillar foundation for the fence is a kind of tape made of concrete, which has special cushions for mounting support pillars. After attaching these pillows, everything is poured with concrete mix. Such foundations are mainly used for light fences made of wood or metal mesh, as well as for strengthening concrete base slabs.

To maintain stability, these pillows are necessarily reinforced, which allows them to receive a uniform load on the entire perimeter of the structure. These types of foundations are often used to build brick and wooden houses.

For larger structures, a monolithic and stone type of base is used. Such a foundation is able to withstand tall buildings and very heavy structures.

Subtleties of work

As you know, a high-quality construction of a fence will not be real without a properly laid foundation and a strip foundation. It is on him that the strength and reliability of the structure completely depends.

In most, a tape look is used as the basis for laying the base.

This foundation is a strip of reinforced concrete of a special surface occurrence.

It is cast on a special mold on a special sand cushion and is reinforced with the appropriate material in a diameter of 8 or 10 mm.

The width of the walls for the construction is completely different and will be carefully analyzed, and calculated from the structure itself, as well as other characteristics of the soil. For heavy metal structures, the widest base strips are mainly used.

The construction of the strip foundation for the fence itself may take about 3-4 days due to the climate and air humidity.

Construction technology

To begin with, they dig a trench in a length of 30-80 cm. Its dimensions are calculated from the necessary data on measurements, the mass and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future structure.

Then, depending on the type of land, conditions and overall weight, the stowing depth is calculated. The usual standard depth is from 60-80 cm, but with individual calculations, the depth of the strip foundation for the fence can be completely different.

A kind of cushion layer is created with the addition of gravel, which will improve styling. It needs to be watered very heavily.

Reinforcement is created with an area of ​​10 mm. Its installation takes place on bricks or on other possible supports with the expectation that 5-10 cm remain from the bottom.

The initial twigs are mounted with an accounting and program distance from the walls of the pit of 10 cm, then vertical and transverse racks are tightly fixed with an equal interval of 40 cm. The first two upper rods of reinforcement are fixed on them and tied together with transverse rods.

The form (formwork) of the foundation is being made. To do this, an edged board 25 mm wide is taken, and rectangles of the desired size are knocked out of it (taking into account measurements of the foundation), which should be about 30 cm above ground level. After that, a box is assembled from the prepared rectangles and installed in place of the foundation, put spacer bars and sprinkle the soil.

The finished form is poured with concrete. If support posts were used, they must be mounted and exactly aligned with the level of the concrete pour. This is all done on the basis of calculations and the data obtained.

Material selection

For the future fence, in principle, different materials can be used.

If the foundation has to be laid out on the site of a groundwater site, then it is necessary to think about possible drainage channels and lay a special waterproofing.

To reduce the pressure on the brick wall and its base, the width of the foundation should be made wider than the width of the walls.

This is explained by the possible installation on poles and the phenomenon of a kind of solid sailboat under such conditions, and if the foundation is not too deep, then the supports may not withstand the load and pull out. The reinforcement process is carried out with the help of an equipped special hook and steel wire. The reinforced foundation can withstand a heavy load, and the fence installed on it can stand for many years.

Stages of building a foundation

And how to make a strip foundation for a fence without spending much time and money is perhaps one of the most trembling questions when starting to build any structure, including a fence.

For self-installation of a strip foundation, you must:

• accurate calculation of land characteristics
• data on climatic, tectonic and hydraulic data at the site of the future fence
• trench site digging
• reinforcement of the strip foundation for the fence
• box installation
• formwork laying
• drainage and hydraulic channels (if necessary)
• waterproofing (if necessary)
• pouring the strip foundation with concrete
• foundation drying out

Any beginning of the installation of the foundation begins with the study of the zone of the future installation: its characteristic ground and underground data, soil type, air humidity. The time of year for filling also plays a significant role.

It is preferable to perform such operations in the warm season, when periods of frost and rain have passed. When laying the foundation in autumn or winter, you can get a bad, cracked foundation and poor support for the fence as a result of this.

Strict observance of the calculations given for digging a trench will allow you to avoid mistakes and get a good result. When using a plywood sheet for formwork, it is possible to paint, which will be clearly visible for pouring concrete.

Outcome

As you can see from the list, making a strip foundation for a fence with your own hands is easy and does not require special knowledge. The only condition is the observance of the phased construction during its construction. Each stage should begin after the completion of the previous one. When installing the foundation, calculations of depth and thickness are very important, and software calculation on a computer helps a lot in this.

Having thus calculated future data, it is possible to significantly reduce the time for unnecessary measurements and unjustified consumption of materials. The choice of materials for installation and manufacturing also plays a significant role. It is worth giving preference to high-quality, certified material and components upon receipt. The use of good material and the exact implementation of the action plan is the key to obtaining a reliable foundation in the future.

It is worth noting that the entire building and its future state will directly depend on the correctness of the foundation pouring, since it is the main support for the future fence and its installation should be taken as seriously as possible. Having established a high-quality foundation, wait for it to dry, and build a reliable fence on it - the dream and reality of a good owner who values ​​\u200b\u200bthe life and reputation of his family.

Before starting the construction of strip foundations, it is necessary to understand their features so as not to make mistakes that cannot be corrected later.
When building foundations, it is necessary to adhere to the following sequence:

Before starting the calculation of the volume and cost of building materials for the construction of strip foundations, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for them. Strip foundations are built for capital structures with a large load on the foundation. In order to properly fill a rubble or concrete strip foundation for a fence with your own hands, you must first check the bearing capacity of the soil, make a calculation of materials, and find out the depth of the foundation.

fence plan

In order to draw up a work plan, it is necessary to measure the length of the proposed fence with a tape measure with an accuracy of 1 centimeter. Such accuracy is needed in order to be able to calculate not only the amount of building materials, but also to correctly place the pillars on the plan.

How to calculate the depth and width of the trench under the foundation

What do you need to know before starting construction? The main questions to be addressed are:

• the magnitude of vertical and horizontal loads;
• soil type;
• the presence of underground aquifers;
• find out the depth of soil freezing in the construction area.

Vertical load is the weight from building structures and materials located on the foundation. The calculation is made in tons / m2 based on the volumetric weight of the materials. For a brick fence, the weight of one brick (approximately 4.5 kg) is taken into account and multiplied by their number. The vertical load is directly related to the bearing capacity of the soil and is measured in kg/cm2. Having a total load on the foundation, in tons per square meter, it is easy to find out how many kg / cm2 falls in each case. To do this, it is necessary to divide the load by the area in cm2.

Horizontal load can be generated by a strong side wind or by hanging heavy metal gates.

To determine the type of soil, it is necessary to dig a hole to the depth of freezing and look at its structure. The pit will give a general idea of ​​the presence of aquifers on the site and the level of occurrence of groundwater.

Find out the amount of soil freezing in any construction organization conducting construction work in your area. How to calculate the freezing depth, see SNiP 23-01-99 *.

If groundwater reaches high to the surface, at the bottom of the trench it is necessary to make a drainage layer of crushed stone or gravel 200 mm thick.

Under what fences do you need solid foundations

Solid strip foundations are built if some part of the foundation rises above the ground. The upper part is lined with:

• decorative tiles;
• stone;
• plaster.

On strip foundations, solid fences made of corrugated board, brick, rubble stone can be arranged. For these types of fences, you need to make a solid concrete base. This is especially true for fences with brick pillars. For them, the geometric dimensions of the brick are taken into account. The laying of brick pillars is done in 1.5 bricks or 380 mm. This size will be the width for the entire strip foundation. In order to save material, the gap between the posts is reduced in width to 200 mm. A fence body with a width of 0.5 bricks or 125 mm is laid on it.

In order to reduce the width of the foundation to 125 mm, it is necessary to apply concrete reinforcement. Such measures lead to higher construction costs. However, modern industry has found a way out. For reinforcement, use fiberglass reinforcement. It is several times cheaper than metal fittings.

What brand of concrete to choose

For the installation of strip foundations for fences, it is recommended to use the concrete grade M200. Concrete with a brand below M200 is used for lightweight structures or preparation for the base. To calculate the grade of concrete, you do not need to reinvent the wheel. This issue has long been studied and it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of cement manufacturers.

When preparing the mixture yourself, it is necessary to pay attention to the water-cement ratio and strictly adhere to it. If desired, a rubble-concrete strip foundation can be made in the ground using river or quarry stone. The use of rubble stone significantly reduces the consumption of cement, and generally reduces the cost of construction while maintaining the specified strength characteristics. Concrete foundations will serve for hundreds of years.

Try to drown the stones in the solution so that they do not touch each other. Between the stones there must be a concrete layer of at least 20 mm.

Rules for the preparation of concrete mix

When self-manufacturing a concrete mix, it is necessary to strictly follow the established rules:

1. First, prepare the water in the required amount.
2. Pour a measured amount of cement into the water and mix.
3. Add sand to cement water.
4. Lastly, add crushed stone, gravel, pebbles.

During preparation, the solution is either too thick or too liquid. Add some sand and cement to it in the required proportion.
Very often, cement manufacturers give recommendations for the preparation of mortar in kilograms, as if everyone had a scale at home capable of weighing materials in tons. Therefore, convert the weight ratios to volumetric ratios. And pour the materials into the concrete mixer with buckets. This is the most convenient way to track the consumption of ingredients.

We build a strip foundation step by step

When building a foundation, consider some of the nuances. If the soils are clayey and the walls of the trench hold well and do not crumble, it is possible to concrete in the ground without formwork. After pouring concrete in the ground, formwork is constructed on it to the required dimensions. But it should be remembered that a freshly dug trench can crumble over time or under the influence of precipitation. Therefore, it is necessary to pour the concrete mixture quickly, without waiting for the destruction of the walls of the trench.

If the soils are sandy or sandy, then formwork will have to be done both in the ground and above the ground. The width of the trench should be such that the worker can stand freely in it at least on one side. For the strength and rigidity of the formwork, wooden stakes are driven into the ground. Shields are pulled together with metal wire ties. In order for the foundation to be of the same thickness, wooden spacers of the same size are installed between the shields. During the pouring of the mixture, they are pulled out.

If there is a need to reinforce the base, the mixture must be compacted with vibrators. If there is no vibrator, replace them with steel peaks from reinforcement. The concrete mixture during pouring is “bayoneted” in layers of approximately 200 mm.

The formwork is allowed to be removed on the third day. And to do laying not earlier than in 2-3 weeks. The concrete mixture fully hardens after 30 days, and gains maximum strength after 21 days.

Step-by-step instructions for building a strip foundation in 14 steps:

1. Mark the boundaries of the site with pegs and stretch a rope or steel wire along the outer border of the foundation. This will be the markup.
2. Dig a trench to the depth of soil freezing along the calculated width. If necessary, backfill with crushed stone or gravel with tamping for drainage. This is done to drain groundwater.
3. Make a markup for the pillars and install them.
4. If the soils are clayey and there is a risk of subsidence of the foundation body, install several bars of reinforcement with a diameter of 8 mm or more at the very bottom.
5. Place small stones under the reinforcement. It must be completely absorbed by the concrete.
6. Drive stakes into the sides of the excavated trench to the width of the foundation.
7. Install the formwork from boards with a minimum thickness of 25 mm. Display the mark of the upper plane of the foundation and stretch the wire inside the formwork. This will be the top level of the concreting.
8. For a constant width of the concrete foundation, make spacers of the same length and install between the boards. During concreting, they will need to be pulled out.
9. To prevent the body of the foundation from bursting, tighten the formwork with wire ties.
10. Install the poles vertically and secure them in place. In order to install all the posts evenly, stretch the wire between the extreme posts.
11. Pour the concrete into the formwork. Compact the concrete in layers every 200 mm.
12. Align the top layer.
13. Wait at least a week and remove the formwork.
14. After three weeks, laying on a concrete base is allowed.

Video: Foundation for a fence with brick posts

Video: Technology for building foundations for heavy fences

Four smart tips:

1. Do not take breaks in work while pouring concrete. If such a break cannot be eliminated, do not be too lazy to close the seam with wet rags and wrap it with polyethylene to reduce water evaporation.
2. If there is a threat of night frost, use plasticizers.
3. Remember that even 2-3 cm of sawdust will protect concrete from the damaging effects of freezing temperatures.
4. There are cases when it is necessary to finish the work ahead of the time set for concrete hardening. In this case, use concrete hardening accelerators. If there is no way to buy hardening accelerators, use baking soda for this purpose.