Camping jet oven do-it-yourself drawings. Do-it-yourself rocket stove made of long-burning bricks

To date, many types of furnaces of a wide variety of designs have been invented. For most of them, the rule applies: the higher the characteristics of the unit, the more skill and experience is required from the craftsman who makes it. But as you know, there are no rules without exceptions. In this case, the destroyer of stereotypes is a rocket stove - a very thoughtful economical heat generator with a simple design that does not require any special skills from the performer. The latter circumstance explains the popularity of the "rocket". Our article will help the reader to understand what is the highlight of this miracle of technology, and teach how to make it with your own hands from improvised materials.

What is a rocket stove and why is it good?

The rocket stove or jet stove got its impressive names only for the characteristic sound that it makes when the operating mode is violated (excessive air supply to the furnace): it resembles the roar of a jet engine. That's it, it has nothing more to do with missiles. She works, if you don’t go into details, just like all her sisters: firewood burns in the firebox, smoke is thrown into the chimney. Normally, the oven makes a quiet rustling sound.

Option for arranging a jet furnace

Where do these mysterious sounds come from? Let's talk about everything in order. Here's what you need to know about the rocket stove:

By appointment, it is a heating and cooking.

"Rocket" can be equipped with such an important and necessary element as a couch. Other types of stoves with this option (Russian, bell-type) are much more bulky and complex.

Compared to conventional metal furnaces, the operating time on one fuel load has been slightly increased - from 4 to 6 hours. This is explained by the fact that this heat generator is based on a furnace with upper combustion. In addition, due to the presence of adobe plaster, the stove after the firebox gives off heat for another 12 hours.

The furnace was developed for operation in field conditions.

Design Benefits

Energy independence.

Simplicity of design: the most accessible parts and materials are used, if necessary, a simplified version of the rocket furnace can be assembled in 20 minutes.

The ability to work with sufficiently high performance on low-quality raw fuel: bark, wood chips, thin raw branches, etc.

The principle of operation of the rocket furnace provides the user with a certain freedom in choosing its design. In addition, the unit can be built in such a way that only a small part of it remains visible and, in terms of aesthetics, minimal damage to the interior of the room will be caused.

As you can see, the jet furnace has something to brag about. But first of all, lovers of the furnace business are attracted by the combination of simplicity of design and good, although not the highest, characteristics when working on waste fuel. These very characteristics are the highlight of the "rocket". Let's try to understand how we managed to achieve such indicators.

The efficiency of a solid fuel heat generator depends on many factors, but perhaps the most determining factor is the degree of afterburning of pyrolysis gases. They appear as a result of thermal decomposition of fossil fuels. From heating, it seems to evaporate - large hydrocarbon molecules decompose into small, forming combustible gaseous substances: hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, etc. This mixture is often called wood gas.

Small Rocket Furnace

Liquid fuel, such as waste oil, decomposes into wood gas almost immediately and it burns right there - in the furnace. But with wood fuel, the situation is different. The decomposition of solids into a volatile product suitable for combustion - wood gas - occurs in several stages, and the intermediate stages also have a gaseous form. That is, we have the following picture: first, some intermediate gas is released from the wood, and in order for it to turn into wood gas, that is, it decays even more, it is necessary to extend the exposure to high temperature.

And the wetter the fuel is, the more “protracted” the process of complete decay becomes. But gases tend to evaporate: in a conventional furnace, the intermediate phase is mostly sucked out by draft into the chimney, where it cools down without having time to turn into wood gas. As a result, instead of high efficiency, we get carbon deposits from heavy hydrocarbon radicals.

In a rocket furnace, on the contrary, all conditions are created for the final decay and afterburning of the released intermediate gases. In essence, a very simple technique was used: immediately behind the firebox there is a horizontal channel with good thermal insulation. The gases in it do not move as fast as in a vertical pipe, and a thick heat-insulating coat does not allow them to cool. Due to this, the process of decay and afterburning is carried out in a more complete manner.

At first glance, this solution may seem primitive. But this simplicity is deceptive. Engineers and researchers had to tinker a lot with calculations in order to link the required thrust force with the optimal combustion regime and many other factors. Thus, the rocket furnace is a very finely tuned heat engineering system, in the reproduction of which it is very important to observe the correct ratio of the main parameters.

If the manufacture and adjustment of the unit were performed correctly, the gases will move as expected, while emitting a slight rustle; in case of violation of the regime or incorrect assembly of the furnace, instead of a stable gas vortex, an unstable one is formed in the gas duct, with numerous local vortices, as a result of which a roaring rocket sound will be heard.

Flaws

The jet furnace is manually operated, and the user has to constantly monitor and adjust it.

The surface of some elements is heated to high temperatures, so that if accidentally touched, the user may be burned.

The scope is somewhat limited. For example, a jet stove cannot be used in a bath, as it is not able to quickly warm up the room.

One more circumstance should be taken into account. It cannot be considered a disadvantage of the furnace; rather, it is an important feature. The fact is that the “rocket” was invented in the USA. And the citizens of this country, where any idea can bring good earnings, are not so willing to share their best practices, as was customary, for example, in the Soviet Union. Most of the drawings and diagrams that have become widespread do not display or distort the most important information. In addition, we simply do not have access to some of the materials used in it.

As a result, home craftsmen, especially those who do not know the intricacies of furnace business and heat engineering, instead of a full-fledged jet furnace, often get some kind of device that absorbs fuel in huge volumes and is constantly overgrown with soot. Thus, complete information about the rocket furnace has not yet become public property, and overseas pictures should be treated with great caution.

Here, for example, is our popular jet furnace scheme, which many are trying to use as a model.

Drawing: how the oven works

Drawing of a mobile furnace-rocket

At first glance, everything seems clear, but in fact, much remains “behind the scenes”.

For example, refractory clay is simply designated by the term Fire Clay - without specifying the grade. The mass ratio of perlite and vermiculite in the mixture from which the furnace body (in the diagram - Core) and the lining of the element called Riser are laid out is not indicated. Also, the diagram does not specify that the lining should consist of two parts with different functions - a heat insulator and a heat accumulator. Unaware of this, many users make the lining homogeneous, causing the performance of the furnace to drop significantly.

Varieties of jet furnaces

To date, there are only two types of furnaces of this type:

A full-fledged stationary heating and cooking rocket stove (it is also called a large one).

Small rocket stove: used for cooking during the warm season. Unlike the first option, it is portable and has an open firebox (it is supposed to be used outdoors). It is very popular among tourists, as it has a compact size and at the same time is able to develop power up to 8 kW.

The device of a small furnace-rocket

As already mentioned, the jet furnace is easy to manufacture, so we will consider a full-fledged option.

Design and principle of operation

The stove that we will try to make is shown in the figure.

Rocket oven: frontal section

As you can see, its combustion chamber (Fuel Magazine) is vertical and equipped with a tight-fitting lid (prevents excess air from being sucked in), as in a top-burning stove (the ash pan is designated by the term Primary Ash Pit). It was this unit that was taken as the basis. But the traditional top-burning heat generator works only on dry fuel, and the creators of the “rocket” wanted to teach it how to successfully digest wet fuel as well. For this, the following was done:

The optimal size of the blower (Air Intake) was selected, so that the amount of incoming air was sufficient for afterburning gases, but at the same time they did not cool down beyond measure. In this case, the principle of upper combustion provides a kind of self-regulation: if the fire flares up strongly, it becomes an obstacle to the incoming air.

A well-insulated horizontal channel was installed behind the firebox, called the Burn Tunnel or fire tube. To hide the purpose of this element, it was indicated on the diagram with a meaningless flame icon. Thermal insulation (Insulation) must have not only low thermal conductivity, but also low heat capacity - all thermal energy must remain in the gas stream. In the flame tube, the intermediate gas decomposes into wood (at the beginning of the section), which then burns out completely (at the end). In this case, the temperature in the pipe reaches 1000 degrees.

A vertical section was installed behind the flame tube, called the internal or primary chimney (Internal or Primary Vent). On the diagrams, secretive Americans often designate this element with the meaningless term Riser. In fact, the primary chimney is a continuation of the flame tube, but it was placed vertically to create an intermediate draft, and at the same time to reduce the horizontal part of the furnace. Like the flame tube, the primary chimney has a heat-insulating coating.

Note. It may seem to some of the readers familiar with the design of pyrolysis furnaces that it would be nice to supply secondary air to the base of the primary chimney. Indeed, the combustion of wood gas in this case would be more complete, and the efficiency of the furnace would be higher. But with such a solution, vortices are formed in the gas flow, as a result of which the toxic combustion products partially penetrate the room.

A capacious heat accumulator capable of withstanding such a temperature is fireclay brick (can withstand up to 1600 degrees), but the furnace, as the reader remembers, was intended for field conditions, so a more affordable and inexpensive material was needed. The leader in this regard is adobe (indicated by the term Thermal Mass in the diagram), but for it the temperature limit is 250 degrees. To cool the gases, a thin-walled steel drum (Steel Drum) was installed around the primary chimney, in which they expand. On the cover of this drum (Optional Cooking Surface) you can cook food - its temperature is about 400 degrees.

To absorb even more heat, a horizontal chimney with a bench (Airtight Duct) was attached to the stove, and only then - an external chimney (Exhaust Vent). The latter was equipped with a view, which closes after heating: it will not allow the heat from the gas duct of the couch to evaporate into the street.

So that the pipe inside the couch could be cleaned from time to time, a secondary ash chamber (Secondary Airtight Ash Pit) with a hermetically closing cleaning door was installed immediately behind the drum. The main part of the soot, due to the sharp expansion and cooling of gases, settles in it, therefore, cleaning the external chimney has to be done extremely rarely.

Since the secondary ash chamber has to be opened no more than twice a year, a simpler design can be used instead of a door - a screw-on lid with an asbestos or basalt cardboard gasket.

Furnace calculation

Before talking about the size of the furnace, let's draw the reader's attention to an important point. For all solid fuel heat generators, the square-cube law applies. Its essence can be explained with a simple example.

Imagine a cube with a side of 1 m. Its volume is m 3, and its surface area is 6 m 2. The ratio of volume to surface area is 1:6.

Let's increase the volume of the body by 8 times. It turned out a cube with a side of 2 m, the surface area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 24 m 2.

Thus, the surface has increased only 4 times and now the ratio of volume to surface is 1:3. In furnaces, the amount of heat generated and its power depend on the volume, and heat transfer depends on the surface area. These parameters are interconnected, therefore, it is impossible to thoughtlessly scale one or another furnace scheme, adjusting it to the dimensions you need - the heat generator may even turn out to be inoperable.

When calculating a rocket furnace, the inner diameter of the drum D is set, which, as mentioned above, can vary from 300 mm (15 kW furnace) to 600 mm (25 kW furnace). This "fork" is precisely due to the square-cube law. We will also use a derived value - the cross-sectional area of the drum S: S = 3.14 * D^2 /4.

Table: main parameters

Table: Maximum permitted flue length with bed

Table: secondary ash chamber volume

Intermediate values are calculated proportionally (interpolate).

Materials and tools

The furnace drum can be made from a standard barrel with a volume of 200 l and a diameter of 600 mm. The square-cube law allows you to reduce the diameter of the drum up to 50%, so for a small oven this element can be made from a domestic gas cylinder or tin buckets.

The blower, firebox and primary chimney are made of round or shaped steel pipes. A significant wall thickness is not required - a couple of millimeters can be dispensed with - combustion in the furnace is weak. A chimney in a couch, through which gases follow in an already completely cooled form, can generally be made from metal corrugations.

For thermal insulation (lining) of the furnace part, fireclay bricks (fireclay crushed stone) and furnace clay will be required.

The outer coating layer (heat accumulator) will be made of adobe.

This is what freshly made adobe looks like

The thermal insulation of the primary chimney is made of light fireclay bricks (ShL grade) or river sand rich in alumina.

Parts such as lids and doors can be made from galvanized steel or aluminium. Asbestos or basalt cardboard is used as a sealant.

Preparatory work

As part of the preparatory work, it is necessary to cut all the available rolled products into blanks of the required dimensions. If it is decided to use a gas cylinder as a blank for the cap, the welded upper part must be cut off from it.

Preparing the gas cylinder for use as a cap

Note! If gas remains in the cylinder, it may detonate during cutting. For safety reasons, such containers are cut only after filling with water.

Note that in most cases, a rocket furnace is made from a cylinder. Such a unit is able to heat a room up to 50 m 2. The "rocket" from the barrel only in very rare cases has to be used at full capacity.

From the barrel, if the oven is made from it, it is also necessary to cut off the upper part. Further, in a barrel or in a cylinder, two openings located opposite each other are cut out, through one of which a flame tube will be started, passing into the primary chimney, and a gas duct with a stove bench will be connected to the second.

Step-by-step instruction

Here is an approximate procedure that should be followed in the manufacture of this furnace:

Firebox manufacturing

The firebox is made welded using a steel pipe or sheets. The firebox lid must be hermetically sealed. It should be made of a steel sheet, along the perimeter of which a strip of basalt cardboard is fixed with screws or rivets. For tighter closing, the lid can be equipped with a screw clamping mechanism.

This is how the firebox and ash pan look in the simplest rocket stove

The ash chamber (marked as Primary Ash Pit in the diagram) is separated from the main part of the furnace by a grate welded from a rod with a diameter of 8–10 mm. The grate should be installed on the shelves from the corner, which are welded to the inner walls.

The door of the ash chamber must also be airtight. It is made of steel sheet, to which a steel strip is welded in two rows around the entire perimeter. An asbestos cord or basalt cardboard is placed in the groove between these strips.

It remains to weld the flame tube to the firebox.

primary chimney

A 90-degree bend and a small piece of pipe must be welded to the pipe that serves as the primary chimney, after which this L-shaped structure is placed inside the barrel or cylinder, that is, the future drum.

The outlet with a piece of pipe welded to it should be led out into one of the openings in the lower part of the drum so that the primary chimney is located strictly in the center. Recall that the upper cut of the pipe must be located at least 70 mm below the upper edge of the barrel (cylinder).

After centering the primary chimney, its horizontal shank, which was brought out into the opening in the drum, is welded to its edges with a continuous seam around the entire perimeter.

After that, the shank of the primary chimney is welded to the flame tube, and a tire is welded to the top of the drum.

A short piece of pipe should be welded to the second opening in the drum, which will play the role of a secondary ash pan. In it you need to perform a window for cleaning. Studs must be butt welded along its edges, to which the lid will be screwed (recall that we decided not to install the door in this place, since it is rarely necessary to open it).

A strip of basalt cardboard should be fixed around the perimeter of the lid with screws or rivets.

Chimney installation

We weld the horizontal part of the chimney to the exit of the secondary ash pan, on which a stove bench will subsequently be arranged. If the gas duct is supposed to be made of metal corrugation, then first a short pipe must be welded to the ash pan, and already to it - attach the corrugation with a clamp.

At the final stage, an external chimney is attached to the horizontal flue.

Furnace lining

The metal part of the furnace is ready, now it needs to be properly plastered with heat-insulating and heat-accumulating compounds.

The lining of the furnace part (up to the primary chimney) should be carried out with a mixture of furnace clay and fireclay bricks, taken in a 1: 1 ratio.

Primary chimney lining

The materials used for lining the primary chimney - light fireclay bricks or river sand - are porous, so when open, they will quickly become saturated with soot and lose their thermal insulation properties. To prevent this, the lining on the primary chimney is protected with a thin-walled steel casing, and coated with kiln clay from the ends.

In accordance with the square-cube law, the ratio of the volume and surface area of the drum depends on its diameter, therefore, the lining of the primary chimney, depending on the size of the furnace, is made differently. Three options are shown in the figure.

Primary chimney lining options

If the lining is made with fireclay bricks, the cavities between its fragments must be filled with building sand. If river sand rich in alumina is used, one has to resort to more complex technology:

The sand is cleaned of large debris (careful preparation is not required).

A layer of small thickness is poured into the casing, it is rammed and moistened so that a crust forms.

The subsequent layers are poured in the same way. There should be 5 to 7 in total.

The sand lining is dried for one week, then its top is covered with kiln clay and the kiln manufacturing is continued.

The last step is to coat all parts of the oven with adobe. It is prepared from the following ingredients:

clay;

straw (14–16 kg per 1 m 3 of clay);

sand (in a small amount);

water.

The stated ratio of straw to clay is approximate. In some varieties of straw clay, more can be added, in others, on the contrary, its amount has to be reduced.

Ways to improve the jet furnace

Instead of a stove bench on the flue, you can build a water jacket that will be connected to the water heating system. This part can also be made in the form of a coil from a copper pipe wound around a chimney.

Scheme of a rocket furnace with a water circuit

Another way to improve is to organize the supply of heated secondary air to the flame tube.

Drawing of a rocket stove from a cylinder with secondary air supply

With this design, the efficiency of the furnace will be higher, but soot will be deposited more intensively in the primary chimney. To make it easy to remove, the drum cover must be made removable. Naturally, it must be equipped with a seal.

An improved version of the balloon rocket furnace

How to heat a rocket stove

A rocket stove, like top burning heat generators, only works at high performance if its chimney is hot enough. Therefore, before loading the main fuel into the furnace, the unit must be warmed up well (unless, of course, there has been a long downtime and the furnace has had time to cool down). For this, any “fast” fuel is used, for example, sawdust, paper, straw, etc., which is placed in the blower.

The fading of the hum or a change in its tone indicates that the stove is warm enough and the main fuel can be put into the furnace. It is not necessary to set it on fire - it will flare up from the coals left after the “fast” fuel burns out.

Melt the furnace-rockets through the firebox

A jet furnace cannot adjust to external conditions and fuel quality, like, for example, Bullerjan. The adjustment must be made by the user. After laying the main fuel, the blower damper must be fully opened, and as soon as the unit hums, it must be closed until a rustling sound appears.

In the future, as the fuel burns, the damper has to be covered more and more, still achieving a quiet rustle. If you miss the right moment, an excess amount of air will begin to flow into the furnace and pyrolysis in the flame tube will stop due to the cooling of the intermediate gas mixture. At the same time, the stove will remind you of itself with a “rocket” rumble.

Video: how to make a long-burning jet furnace with your own hands

They tried to create a jet or rocket stove as simple as possible, and this only plays into the hands of a home craftsman. However, it is by no means possible to make this heat generator at random, as can be seen from our article - instead of a rocket, the master will receive an ordinary potbelly stove, very voracious and constantly overgrown with soot. It is important to observe all the above ratios of parameters and then you will get a productive rocket furnace with quite decent characteristics.

What kind of miracle is this: a rocket stove? A rocket furnace, a rocket furnace, and even a jet furnace, whatever it is called, however, it has nothing to do with rockets and jet engines. She received such a name, obviously, because of the characteristic "rocket" sound that occurs when the mode fails and excessive air flows through the blower into the furnace. In any case, the developers called it that way: rocket stove, which can be translated as a rocket stove.

Rocket stove principle

The design was first developed in America and was originally intended for use in the field. The main idea is to obtain a furnace with high efficiency with the maximum simplicity of the device. For this, two simple and essentially well-known methods were applied. The first is a more complete decomposition of gases with their afterburning due to a relatively long retention in a heated state. The second is the maximum extraction of heat from the burnt gases.

The kindling of the furnace begins with its preheating. To do this, it is best to use any easily combustible materials: wood chips, shavings or paper. The heating bookmark is recommended to be burned in an ash pan.
At the same time, the main firewood bookmark is set on fire. The blower was completely open.
As the ignition increases, the draft increases and a lot of air begins to flow into the furnace. A characteristic roar appears.
Here you should cover the blower damper until an even, quiet sound appears. If the rocket roar reappears, the adjustment should be repeated.

The firebox has good thermal insulation, so it quickly heats up and pyrolysis of firewood begins - the decomposition of solid firewood into gas under the influence of high temperature. Part of the pyrolysis gases decomposes to wood gases and burns. However, some does not decompose enough to burn. In conventional ovens, these semi-decomposed pyrolysis products fly into the chimney in the form of smoke and partially settle in the form of soot. Thus, any smoke is unburned firewood, which not only increases heating costs, but also clogs the chimney.

From this we can conclude that the main task of the furnace, which is used for heating, is to burn the fuel as completely as possible, solving two, albeit secondary, but no less important, tasks. Firstly, to take as much heat as possible from the burnt wood gas and, secondly, after accumulating it, distribute it in the heated room for as long as possible.

The main advantage of the rocket stove is that it perfectly solves all these problems.

After ignition of the main laying of firewood, the firebox warms up almost simultaneously with the horizontal and vertical channel - the so-called burning tunnel - Burn Tunnel. For this, the combustion tunnel, or, as it is also called, the flame tube, as well as the firebox, is insulated with a material that has not only thermal insulation properties, but also low heat capacity. The temperature in the flame tube rises to 900°C and under normal conditions in the upper part can reach 1000°C.

Under such conditions, the gases enter the top of the bell and heat the top to 400°C. Further, going down and cooling down to 250°C, the gases heat the cap and its coating, which acts as a heat accumulator. At the same time, the coating is made of adobe: a mixture of clay and straw - an inexpensive and affordable material.

After pre-cooling in the upper zone of the hood, the gas enters the secondary ash pan. Here the afterburning of wood gases ends and the precipitation of pyrosis residues, which for some reason were not sufficiently decomposed for combustion. Further, the gas moves relatively slowly in a horizontal smoke channel, where it gives off its last remaining heat, heating the lining of the couch, which is also made of adobe.

The main advantages and disadvantages of rocket furnaces

Advantages:

High performance, saving up to 90% wood compared to a conventional metal stove, according to their owners. Such savings are achieved due to the afterburning of pyrolysis gases and soot.
Uncritical to fuel. Any wood firewood, wood chips, bark, lumber waste will do. Their humidity doesn't matter either.
Simplicity and versatility of design. Anyone can assemble such a stove from clay, brick, stone or tile.
There is no need to add firewood too often. Firewood as it burns itself moves down and enters the combustion chamber.
Comfortable bed. Different stoves have sunbeds, but for example, in a Russian stove, it is located high.

Flaws:

the need to control combustion and constant manual adjustment of the air supply.
the presence of a hot part, due to which you can burn yourself. Although on the other hand it can be used for cooking. Bell temperature approx. 400°C.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove. Blueprints

The rocket stove has a thermally insulated shaped combustion chamber, which causes the fire to move first horizontally and then into the chamber at a 90-degree angle, which causes severe turbulence. Once in the upper part of the bell chamber, hot gases, heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C, give off most of the heat and go down, where they enter the auxiliary ash pan, and there, at a temperature of about 250 ° C, their final pyrolysis occurs along with the afterburning of pyrolysis (wood ) gases. Then, in a horizontal channel, the combustion products give off the rest of their heat and enter the chimney.

Despite the simplicity and accessibility of the design, for the normal operation of the furnace in the planned mode, when installing it, it is necessary to observe the dimensions and take into account all recommendations.

Engineers and researchers have worked out the best ratio of dimensions to ensure that all processes run optimally. Here are their recommendations:

The cap height H must be between 1.5 and 2D.
The clay coating of the cap must have the following characteristics: height = 2/3H, thickness = 1/3D.
The cross-sectional area of the horizontal and vertical parts of the flame tube is 5-6% of the cross-sectional area of the cap (S).
The gap between the upper edge of the flame tube and the cap cover is at least 7 cm.
The lengths of the horizontal and vertical sections of the flame tube must be equal. Their cross-sectional areas are also the same.
The blower should have a sectional area of 50% of the area of the flame tube.
The volume of the ash pan is recommended to be at least 5% of the volume of the cap.
The thickness of the adobe insulation pad, which is made under the external chimney, is chosen in the range from 50 to 70 mm.
The thickness of the bed is recommended 0.25D at D = 600 mm and 0.5D at D = 300 mm.
The height of the external chimney is at least 4 meters, the cross-sectional area is 9 -12% of the area of the cap.
The length of the smoke channel in the bench is also calculated from the diameter of the cap. With a diameter of 60 cm (standard 200 liter barrel) - the length of the bed can be up to 6 meters. If the cap has a diameter of 30 cm (the diameter of the gas cylinder), then the length of the bench is no more than 4 meters.
The flame channel is recommended to be made of a rectangular pipe, in an aspect ratio of 1:2, with its laying flat. This will ensure more stable operation of the entire furnace.

In order for the jet furnace to work efficiently, the following rules must be observed during the installation of the structure:

The chimney must be at least twice as long as the horizontal or sloped section.
The fuel compartment must be the same length as the horizontal section. Usually the firebox is installed at an angle of 45 °, although there are designs with an angle of 90 °. But they are less convenient in terms of fuel loading.
The cross section of the chimney should not be smaller than the fuel compartment itself.

Device

Robinson factory camping stoves are made from a profile pipe with a cross section of 150 × 100 mm. Homemade designs are made the same size. In this case, the bunker is made of a profile pipe, and the chimney is made of a round one. In order for there to be normal draft, the chimney pipe must have a diameter not less than the cross section of the firebox.

For such a fuel compartment, a chimney no longer than 90 cm is allowed. But such dimensions make the unit inconvenient for transportation, so it is better to limit yourself to a minimum of 60 cm.

For the legs, a steel bar is taken. They are threaded, making the supports easy to install and remove. However, after repeated use of the jet stove, it is pretty smoky, so the process of screwing the legs is not very pleasant. However, other options are also common, where a steel sheet is used to make the stand or non-removable legs are installed. But this makes the design more overall and inconvenient during transportation.

Robinson factory ovens there is no air supply to the combustion zone, and they do not have an adjustable cover that changes the air supply. This point can be corrected in homemade ovens. A plate is welded inside the fuel hopper, at the bottom of which there is a grate. Fuel is placed on the flat element. Air enters the combustion zone through the grate, and a damper can be installed at the top of the firebox, with which the air supply will be regulated. It is made somewhat smaller than the firebox and should not completely block the hole, otherwise the air will stop flowing into the compartment and the fire will die out.

This design of the reactive furnace provides a number of advantages:

a small amount of solid fuel allows you to bring water to a boil in a short time, heat up food or cook simple dishes;
Robinson is not afraid of the wind, because the fire does not die out;
the jet furnace is easy to install;
the device does not smoke or smoke;
factory models are made of high-quality metal and covered with heat-resistant paint that can withstand high temperatures;
fuel does not burn out too quickly;
the device allows you to dry firewood;
the design is stable and easy to use;
the rocket oven heats up pretty quickly;
the maximum surface temperature reaches 900 °C;
thick steel (3.5 mm) ensures the durability of the device.

The price of the factory model is approximately 5 thousand rubles. But you can save money by making such a unit with your own hands. This task is feasible if you have certain skills.

Making a Robinson oven

The simple design of the device allows you to make a rocket stove at home. The whole procedure will take only a few hours. Materials for work are easy to find, besides, they need a little. The do-it-yourself unit is compact in size and easy to use.

The camping rocket stove is equipped with an important detail that greatly facilitates the maintenance of the unit. it metal plate with grating located at the bottom of the firebox. As a rule, it is made retractable, which allows you to remove the grate, put firewood on it and install it back. A similar plate also serves as a stand for long chips. In addition, with the grate removed, it is easier to clean the fuel compartment.

To make a jet furnace with your own hands, you must use the following materials :

two square pipes 150 × 150 × 3 mm: one is 45 cm long, the second is 30 cm;
4 steel strips 300×50×3 mm;
2 steel strips 140×50×3 mm;
metal grate 300 × 140 mm (it can be made from a rod of the same material with a diameter of 3-5 mm and a length of 2.5 m).

The manufacturing technology of the Robinson camp stove includes the following operations:

Do-it-yourself Robinson factory model

Making a rocket furnace similar to the one produced in factories is not a difficult task. There are not so many structural elements in this model:

As for the dish rack, its configuration is not of fundamental importance for the operation of the device. Therefore, this element can be done in a different way. At the same time, it is important to observe the rule according to which the stand should not block the chimney opening, so as not to disturb the draft.

In the model under consideration, 3 rings are cut in half and welded to a metal rod.

A similar design is more complicated than the previous one in that the duct is rectangular in cross section, and the chimney is round. Therefore, it is important to correctly perform operations to connect two parts into one device. Generally production technology is as follows:

It all starts with the manufacture of a plate with a grate that will divide the bunker into two parts. To do this, pieces of reinforcement are welded to a flat element in increments of 10 mm.
The resulting part must be welded to the rear and side walls of the hopper. The distance from the lower edge to the grating plate should be 30-35 mm. The part must be attached with a welding machine parallel to the bottom edge.
Then you need to carefully weld the joints of the walls together.
The bottom is attached to the resulting structure, and nuts are attached to it.
The top plate is welded to the back and side walls.
A cut is marked on the pipe at an angle of 30 °. The unnecessary part is cut off.
The end, which has acquired the shape of an oval, must be attached to the upper section of the bunker. In this case, the pipe is placed in the lowest part of the upper plate and equidistant from the side walls. This element is circled with a marker, a hole is cut out according to the markup. To do this, you can use a welding machine or a device for cutting metal.
Then a pipe must be attached to the resulting hole. A stand is installed on top of it, and the legs are screwed into the nuts. Now the rocket oven can be tested. After that, it is covered with heat-resistant paint.

Production of a modernized Robinson furnace

The model described in the previous section can be improved with a door that is installed on the fuel tank. But if you make a hinged sash, it will simply lean up, which will not allow you to adjust the traction. Such a part can only be in the “closed” or “open” position. It will be much more efficient to use a damper that moves vertically or horizontally. To install it, small corners of 10 × 10 mm or 15 × 15 mm must be welded on the bunker.

In addition, the following options for upgrading the furnace are noted:

the fuel bunker can be made of thicker steel, for example 5 mm;
replace the round chimney with a square one;
use a different design for the stand: as an option, take corners, balls or other elements that are at hand;
change the stand for a camping stove-rocket, for which a metal plate and a piece of reinforcement for making a leg can be used.

To make an upgraded oven, you will need the following materials:

Square pipe with a section of 160 × 160 mm and a length of 400 mm. A firebox will be made from it.
Square pipe with a section of 120 × 120 mm and a length of 600 mm. It is needed to make a chimney.
A five-millimeter sheet of steel and a piece of reinforcement with a diameter of 7-8 mm. Of these, an element will be made that separates the fuel compartment and the blower channel. The size of the part should be 300 × 155 mm.
Steel sheet 350×180 mm. Such material is necessary for the manufacture of the oven stand.
Steel sheet 160×100 mm in size.

The production technology of this model of a camping stove does not fundamentally differ from the creation of similar structures:

A metal plate with a grate must be welded to the walls of the bunker.
Then the back of the tank is attached, and the chimney is on top.
When the whole structure is ready, a metal stand is welded to it from below, and an additional support is made from a piece of reinforcement. For it, you can also use the part of the vertical pipe that remains after cutting.
Pieces of corners are welded on top of the vertical pipe, which will form a stand for dishes. Its height should be 40-50 mm.
The opening in the fuel tank must be closed with a hinged door or a damper inserted into the corners.
The finished product can be tested. If everything went well, the welds are cleaned, and the jet furnace is covered with heat-resistant paint. This will not only give the product a more attractive appearance, but also protect the metal from corrosion.

Outcome

It can be concluded that any of the proposed models is quite easy to make at home. Finding the necessary materials is not difficult. The work itself is not very difficult for someone who has used a welding machine more than once and has some experience working with metal. It will take only a few hours to make a rocket furnace. And the resulting product will be a useful item for lovers of outdoor activities outside the city.

In addition, such a rocket stove will allow you to heat a small summer cottage and will be a good alternative to a full-fledged heating system. The principle of operation of the Robinson jet furnace allows you to significantly save on fuel.

Dear visitors of the site "", today we will consider detailed instructions for self-assembly of a camping stove-rocket with our own hands without the use of welding. The jet stove appeared relatively recently and was invented abroad, but in a short period of time it gained people's love and respect in our country, especially among tourists, fishermen and hunters, and of course this stove is distinguished by its economy in consuming firewood and giving off the maximum amount of heat at the output due to jet thrust created by the furnace design itself. With its help, you can cook food in a short time, boil a kettle, which is very important in a hike.

The design of the jet furnace is very simple - it is a vertically located pipe (it is also a body and a chimney) and a firebox adjacent at an angle, divided inside by a plate into two parts (the top for loading firewood, the bottom for air access to the combustion source) thus a jet draft is formed, from here and big name « «.

The presented furnace is made with the expectation of compactness, since every gram of cargo and space in a backpack is very important on a hike. For its manufacture, a used helium cylinder was taken (a fire extinguisher can be used), its upper part was sawn off, and a technological hole for installing a firebox was cut on the side, the design is completely collapsible and all parts are in the stowed position inside the case. We remind you that during its manufacture a welding machine is not needed, which simplifies the creation process to the maximum.

Let's look at all the stages of assembling a jet furnace.

materials

helium tank or used fire extinguisher
square tube
metal perforated plate
bolts and nuts
metal sheet 1-2 mm

Tools

Bulgarian (UShM)
drill
pliers
heat resistant paint can

Step-by-step instructions for creating a camping jet rocket furnace.

To begin with, let's look at the drawing of the domestic Robinson stove, which is also an excellent design, but welded, and the one below is much more versatile and is rightfully considered a camp stove.

First of all, you need to find a used helium cylinder or an old fire extinguisher, bleed the remaining contents, unscrew the valve and rinse with water, then cut off the upper part, and also make a technological hole in the lower part for installing a square pipe firebox.

We make a grate from a perforated plate.
Support legs for firebox.
We collect all the details into a single whole.

A pointed metal pin is screwed in the lower part, it is necessary so that when the furnace is installed in its working position, it stands firmly on the ground, and this stake is buried in the ground. In the stowed position, it twists. We cut out a comforter from sheet metal 1-2 mm.

By the way, the pin is in the stowed position.
Also, in addition to the components from the stove, you can put a small supply of dry firewood in the cylinder, which can be very helpful in wet and rainy weather. Just imagine .. you went camping and you were caught in heavy rain, everything around you got wet, damp and disgusting, and you calmly take out your camping stove-rocket and make a fire, cook food, boil a kettle and everything is fine with you 😉
Additionally, a cable was pulled to fix the firebox.
Here is such a wonderful oven turned out, its advantage is that it is economical, compact, collapsible.

This design is made without the use of welding, which simplifies the assembly process as much as possible for those people who do not have a welding machine or do not know how to use welding. We hope our material was useful to you. You can also watch a video of the oven in action. Happy viewing!

The rocket stove is widely known throughout as a long-burning solid fuel heating structure. To achieve the maximum efficiency had to work hard. A liquid fuel stove is able to give all its energy, but wood is more difficult to process. To unlock the full potential of the tree, a chamber for afterburning gases was equipped in jet furnaces.

The Shirokov-Khramtsov rocket or jet furnace got its name not because of its connection with space. The point is the shape of the device and the noise that is created during operation, reminiscent of the operation of a rocket. But this sound indicates improper use of the oven.

Types of long-burning rocket furnaces:

Portable (mobile);
Stationary (for heating).

The most popular rocket model is the Robinson. It is often used on hikes. Thanks to a small portable apparatus, you can understand the principle of operation of jet furnaces. The shape of the oven resembles the letter "L".

If the oven is too noisy and hums during operation, then this mode is inefficient and expensive. Normally, there should be a quiet sound, a little rustling.

The jet furnace has a receiving hopper. This is the horizontal part of the pipe. A thrust arises in the channel itself, it is it that affects the intensity of combustion, which warms up the body. That is why it is advised to limit the supply of oxygen. Otherwise, the firewood will quickly burn out and all the heat will evaporate.

The stove is powered by jet thrust due to the natural flow of hot air. The higher the temperature of the furnace walls, the better the wood burns. This allows you to quickly heat water in a large container, which is indispensable on a road trip. If you equip the pipe with thermal insulation, then after warming up, you can burn thick logs.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove: advantages, drawings, disadvantages

If desired, the conventional design of the furnace can be improved. So the potbelly stove loses a lot of heat, but by equipping the device with a water circuit or brickwork, these problems can be solved. For all these manipulations, drawings are made.

Advantages of jet ovens:

Simple and cost effective design. You can use improvised materials, without significant financial costs. All work can be done by hand, special knowledge and skills are not required.
You can independently control combustion by choosing the desired intensity.
High efficiency. In general, it all depends on the quality of the installation. The main thing is to take away the maximum energy from the flue gases.

But such a simple and convenient design has significant drawbacks. So you need to select a special fuel for the potbelly stove. Wet firewood must not be used, otherwise pyrolysis will not occur. The furnace may begin to smoke profusely, and all gases will go into the house. In addition, the rocket furnace requires increased safety requirements.

The most popular portable model is the Robinson rocket stove. It was modified and a grate was added.

Homemade jet stoves are not used for heating baths. They are ineffective in infrared light, which plays an important role in the steam room. Surface structures have a small heating area, so they cannot heat the bath.

Drawings of a jet furnace from a gas cylinder and other types

Long-burning furnaces are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile stoves are used in hiking, picnics, outdoors for heating and cooking. Stationary ones are used to heat the house, outbuildings, greenhouses, garages. In this case, 4 types of structures are distinguished.

Types of jet furnaces:

Homemade camp stove made of metal pipes, buckets, cans;
Reactive design from a gas cylinder;
Brick oven with a metal container;
Stove with bed.

The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed partition for the ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.

A device from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but significantly increases efficiency. For installation of the structure, a barrel or a gas cylinder is required. Firewood in the firebox burns out due to the influx of oxygen by loading through a special window.

The gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by warming the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. The products of combustion are removed through the chimney.

To create draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.

The combined brick and metal model is a stationary structure. Due to the high heat capacity, the wood stove accumulates and releases heat for several hours. That is why this design is used to heat residential premises.

A rocket assembly with a bed is an advanced device that is able to retain heat longer. Since part of the heat exits through the chimney, we increased its length. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger chimney, this problem was solved.

This is how massive stoves with a stove bench are obtained, which are similar to a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the stove is able to retain heat all night.

Do-it-yourself drawings of the Ognivo stove and other models

It is best to make small portable structures with your own hands: the Flint and Robinson rockets. It is easy to perform the calculation, and the work will require cutting profile pipes and metal welding skills. Dimensions may differ from the drawing, it's not scary. It's important to keep the proportions.

To increase the intensity of combustion, it is advised to add improvised nozzles to the design. Secondary air for afterburning will flow there.

Stationary rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or a metal barrel. These elements act as a body. Inside, the stove is equipped with smaller pipes or fireclay bricks. From the cylinder, you can make both a stationary unit and a mobile one.

Scheme of a continuous combustion furnace:

Chimney;
Cap;
insulation;
loading bunker;
Burning zone;
Afterburning zone.

It can be difficult to calculate a rocket furnace, because there is no exact methodology. You should pay attention to the checked finished drawings. It is necessary to determine the size of the heating equipment for a particular room.

Assembling a do-it-yourself jet furnace for heating

The construction of the furnace begins with preparatory work. First you need to decide on the place of construction. It is chosen based on the requirements that apply to solid fuel structures: wood or coal.

When you have decided on a place, you need to properly prepare it for construction. The wooden floor under the stove is dismantled. They dig a small pit and tamp the bottom.

In a small room, a jet furnace is placed in the corner. The loading bunker occupies one side, and the lounger the other.

The barrel or cylinder must also be prepared for installation. To do this, they cut off the lid and the tap. Then the structure is cleaned. Next, prepare the solution.

Stages of construction of a jet furnace with a bench:

The bottom of the dug pit is laid out with fireclay bricks. Formwork is made along the contour of the recess. Perform reinforcement.
Lay out the base and pour concrete. After a day, when the concrete hardens, further work begins.
The base of the stove is laid out from fireclay bricks. Raise the side walls, make the lower channel.
The combustion chamber is covered with brick. There are two holes on the sides. One is for the firebox, the second is for the vertical pipe (riser).
The metal case is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal channel of the stove will enter. All seams must be airtight, well sealed.
A side outlet is attached to the horizontal pipe, which serves as an ash pan.
A fire tube is made of brick. As a rule, it is square.
The flame tube is equipped with a casing. The gaps are filled with perlite.
Installation of the cap is made from the cut off part of the barrel or cylinder. It is equipped with a handle.
Equip the furnace body with brick or stone.
Equip the front of the furnace. Lay out the necessary contour.
A prepared barrel is placed on the base. The lower part must be sealed with clay.
With the help of a corrugated pipe, a channel is formed that connects the firebox with the street.
The pipes of the heat exchanger are connected to the lower pipe.
Install a chimney. All elements must be sealed using asbestos cord and refractory coating.

Advanced Water Loop Rocket Furnace

A long-burning cauldron can be obtained by equipping a furnace with a water jacket. Water heating may not be efficient enough. The fact is that the bulk of the warm air enters the room and containers on the hobs. To create a rocket cauldron, it is necessary to give up the possibility of cooking on a stove.

Materials required for equipping a stove with a water circuit:

fireclay bricks and masonry mortar;
Steel pipe (diameter 7 cm);
Barrel or cylinder;
insulation;
Sheet steel and a barrel of a smaller diameter than for the hull to create a water jacket;
Chimney (diameter 10 cm);
Details for the heat accumulator (tank, pipes, connecting pipe).

A characteristic feature of rocket furnaces with a water circuit is that the insulation of the vertical part ensures the combustion of pyrolysis gases. In this case, warm air is sent to the coil with a water circuit and gives off heat to the stove. Even when all the fuel has burned out, warm air will still be supplied to the heating circuit.

Do-it-yourself rocket furnace drawings (video)

Jet oven stove benches are widely known among the people. They were used even by Korea, China, England and the population of Japan. The Chinese stove differed from the rest in the ability to heat the entire floor. But the Russian counterpart is in no way inferior. Thanks to useful innovations, the stove is able to keep heat for a long time.