American Vietnam War 1964 1973 death toll. Vietnam War

Against the background of numerous US wars of the last decade, the war in Vietnam, which was lost for Washington, is gradually receding into the shadows. However, she is a shining example of how national identity and patriotism can defeat any enemy, even armed with modern weapons.

The Vietnam War was the longest military conflict in modern military history. The conflict lasted about 20 years: from November 1, 1955 until the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975.

The most characteristic picture of the Vietnam War

In 1940, US President Franklin Roosevelt officially announced his country's assistance to Ho Chi Minh and his Vietnam Minh movement. The documents referred to them as "patriots", "nationalists", "freedom fighters" and "allies".

Roosevelt and Ho Chi Minh
[Wikipedia]

58,200 Americans died in the fighting and another 304,000 were wounded. In total, approximately 2.5 million military personnel passed through Vietnam. Thus, every tenth person was killed or injured. About two-thirds of the American military during the war were volunteers. The bloodiest year for Americans was May 1968, when 2,415 people died.

Moments of war

The average age of a dead American soldier was 23 years 11 months. 11,465 deaths were under 20 years of age, and 5 died before reaching 16 years of age! The oldest person killed in the war was a 62-year-old American.

War is a matter for the young...
[http://www.warhistoryonline.com/]

Civilian casualties to date are unknown—about 5 million are believed to have died, with more in the North than in the South. In addition, the losses of the civilian population of Cambodia and Laos are not taken into account anywhere - apparently, they also number in the thousands here.

Footage of war crimes

From 1957 to 1973, about 37 thousand South Vietnamese were shot by Viet Cong guerrillas for collaborating with the Americans, most of whom were minor government employees.

A typical picture of Vietnamese cities...

On average, an American soldier fought 240 days a year in Vietnam! For comparison, an American soldier fought in the Pacific during World War II on average 40 days over 4 years.

Military operation in the jungle

As of January 2004, 1,875 American soldiers were reported missing in action in Vietnam. As of August 1995, there were 1,713,823 Vietnam War veterans in the United States. Only 0.5 percent of Vietnam War veterans were incarcerated after the war ended, and their suicide rate was 1.7 percent higher than average.

Downed American pilot

During the Vietnam War, the United States used the chemical Agent Orange, which was banned for military use in Geneva in 1925. As a result, at least 400 thousand Vietnamese died. The traditional explanation for this fact is its use exclusively against vegetation.

Spraying defoliants over the jungle.
[Wikipedia]

On March 16, 1968, American soldiers completely destroyed a Vietnamese village, killing 504 innocent men, women and children. Only one person was convicted of this war crime, and three days later he was “pardoned” by a personal decree of Richard Nixon.

Destroyed Vietnamese village

Again, after the conflict on the Korean Peninsula, American and Soviet military met in battle during Vietnam War 1964-1973 The division of Vietnam into the pro-Soviet North and the pro-American South was carried out in 1954 after the departure of the French colonialists. The confrontation between the parties was initially limited to the struggle of the pro-communist guerrillas of South Vietnam - the Viet Cong - against American troops and their local allies. In order to justify the necessary, in the opinion of the American command, bombing of North Vietnam in August 1964, the Americans announced that their ships in the Gulf of Tonkin were attacked by North Vietnamese boats (the so-called “Tonkin Incident”).

Having found the desired reason, the Americans subjected the territory of North Vietnam and other areas of Indochina to “carpet” bombing.

The US Air Force dropped 7.8 million tons of bombs, napalm and chemical agents. 80% of Vietnamese cities and provincial centers were wiped off the face of the Earth. In order to counteract raids from the USSR, the latest anti-aircraft systems were supplied to Vietnam, the combat crews of which were mainly Soviet soldiers and officers. The Soviet Union also supplied fighter aircraft. In 1969, the number of Americans who fought in Vietnam reached 500 thousand people. But it was all in vain. The Viet Cong received active support from North Vietnam. They knew the jungle very well and, fueled by the hatred generated by the punitive actions of the American army and their South Korean satellites, caused serious damage to the enemy.

Inglorious vietnam war led to a split in American society and the growth of anti-American sentiment throughout the world. Under these circumstances, R. Nixon, who won the 1968 presidential election, hastened to announce the gradual withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. The “Vietnamization” of the war, that is, the transfer of the main functions of fighting the guerrillas to the South Vietnamese army, ultimately led to the shameful defeat of the United States and the decline of its prestige. According to the Paris Agreements of 1973, the Americans were forced to withdraw all their troops from Vietnam, and in 1975 the South Vietnamese regime collapsed.

Weapons were supplied to the USSR and the USA and to participants in other regional conflicts. Battlefields served as military testing grounds for testing new weapons systems. Often, as a result of the fall of pro-Soviet or pro-American regimes, the superpowers' expenses on arms supplies became irrevocable: the victors did not at all strive to pay the bills of the vanquished. However, for the Soviet economy, the country's participation in regional conflicts was much more burdensome. Material from the site

In modern scientific literature, three points of view are common on the question of the causes of the Cold War. Some researchers consider the USA to be the culprit, others - the USSR, and others talk about equal responsibility of the superpowers. Which point of view do you find most convincing?

1. Reasons: 1.1 Confrontation between the USA and the USSR in the Cold War. 1.2 National liberation struggle of the Vietnamese people. The struggle for the unification of the country year - Meeting in Geneva on the issue of ending the war in Indochina. Division of Vietnam into north and south

2. Stages (1964 - Incident in the Gulf of Tonkin. The Vietnamese attacked a US Navy ship) - 1973. (escalation of the war, results - signing of a peace agreement in January 1973) - 1975 (capture of the south by North Vietnam)

Operation Tet 1968 Vietnamese offensive throughout the country. They control most of the country's territory. Bloody battles are taking place. Operation Tet 1968 Vietnamese offensive throughout the country. They control most of the country's territory. Bloody battles are taking place.

1969 Nixon became President of the United States. Mr. Nixon announced a phased withdrawal of American troops and became President of the United States. Announced a phased withdrawal of American troops. The number of troops was reduced from to a year. The number of troops was reduced from to. The focus on aviation was massive bombing of North Vietnam. The bet on aviation is massive bombing of North Vietnam.

3. Results of the war - Agreement in Paris on Vietnam. American troops have withdrawn from the country. The division of the country was preserved (along the 17th parallel) - Operation Ho Chi Minh, the capture of South Vietnam by the North. Vietnam became a unified socialist country. 3.3 US losses in the war people. 3.4 Vietnamese losses - more than 2 million people.

Armed conflict in the 60-70s. XX century on the territory of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia with the participation of the United States and its allies. The war was one of the main conflicts of the Cold War.

Division of Vietnam.

After the defeat of France and the withdrawal of its troops under the Geneva Accords in the spring of 1954, Vietnam was temporarily divided into two parts by a demarcation line running along the 17th parallel: to the north, where the pro-communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) existed, and to the south, where in 1955 The Republic of Vietnam was proclaimed with its capital in Saigon. South Vietnam soon came under US control. The new government under Ngo Dinh Diem relied on the support of a narrow layer of citizens associated with Western countries and received American financial assistance. In 1956, South Vietnam, with the tacit support of the United States, refused to hold a national referendum on the issue of reunifying the country. The adopted constitution included a provision according to which any actions aimed at spreading communist ideas in the country were prosecuted. The persecution of political opponents of the regime began. The Catholic Church, along with the army, constituted the main support of the South Vietnamese regime.

At the same time, the communist regime led by Ho Chi Minh, which was popular among a wide segment of the population and sought to liberate and unify the entire country on an anti-colonial basis, strengthened in the North of Vietnam.

Viet Cong.

The DRV communists organized the sending of weapons and “volunteers” to the south along the so-called “Ho Chi Minh Trail” - roads laid in the jungle from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia. The authorities of these two countries were unable to resist the actions of the communists. In December 1960, the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam was created, leading the guerrilla struggle against the South Vietnamese regime. The South Vietnamese government called these forces the Viet Cong (using this term to refer to all Vietnamese communists). Soon it already numbered 30 thousand fighters. Their struggle had military support from North Vietnam.

The idea of ​​agrarian reform carried out in North Vietnam became extremely popular among the poor, which led to the transition of many South Vietnamese to the ranks of the partisans.

US intervention.

For the United States, the communist offensive in Indochina was a challenge, as it could lead to the West losing control over Southeast Asia. The “domino” concept was popular in Washington at that time, according to which the fall of one pro-American regime inevitably led to a change in the political situation in the entire region. By the end of 1963, there were already 17 thousand American military advisers operating in South Vietnam. Since January 1964, the Saigon regime was headed by Nguyen Khanh, who came to power as a result of a military coup and proclaimed as his goal the defeat of the partisans and the unification of the entire territory of the country under his rule. But the popularity of the Viet Cong only grew, and dissatisfaction with the ruling regime, unable to cope with the situation within the country, also grew. Many southerners shared intelligence information with the partisans. The situation was becoming threatening.

The US used the Vietnamese shelling of the US Navy destroyer Maddox as a pretext for large-scale intervention. On August 2, 1964, the Maddox, patrolling the Gulf of Tonkin, approached the coast of North Vietnam and was allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Two days later, another attack was carried out in international waters under unclear circumstances. At the initiative of US President L. Johnson, the American Congress adopted a resolution to protect the United States in Indochina.

Bombing of Vietnam by American aircraft.

In February 1965, massive bombing of the DRV from air and sea began. Johnson sought to “bomb Vietnam into the Stone Age.” For 1965-1968 More than 2.5 million air bombs were dropped on Vietnam. By the end of 1965 alone, 700 thousand people left the rural areas of South Vietnam and became refugees. In March, 3.5 thousand American Marines landed in South Vietnam to protect the air base in Da Nang. Three years later, the number of troops reached 550 thousand people. The US military operation was also supported by contingents from South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Germany, Great Britain and Japan stood in solidarity with the United States, but did not directly participate in the war.

The Americans failed to suppress the enemy's morale, cut off the routes for transferring aid from North to South, or defeat the partisan forces in South Vietnam. To break the resistance, American troops undertook punitive operations, accompanied by the burning of peaceful settlements and the mass extermination of residents. In March 1968, Lieutenant W. Kelly's company killed almost all the inhabitants of the Vietnamese village of Song My, including women and children. This massacre caused an explosion of outrage in the United States. More and more Americans believed that their army was no better than the Nazis. Soon the Americans had to move to the defense of their bases, limiting themselves to combing and bombing the jungle. American aircraft watered the jungle with pesticides, which dried out the vegetation covering the partisans and made people sick. Napalm was often used during bombing. American bombers attacked not only military targets, but also industrial enterprises and various infrastructure facilities: power plants, railways, bridges, river communications and oil storage facilities. But the Vietnamese partisans countered the American “helicopter war” with unprecedented troop mobility with the “tunnel war.” Their branched catacombs covered most of Vietnam - and under one single village, the length of tunnels with warehouses, bedrooms and rooms for the wounded could exceed one and a half kilometers. But this environmental war did not help.

Viet Cong counter-offensive.

In January-February 1968, the guerrillas attacked all the bases and roads of South Vietnam, captured the large city of Hue, the ancient imperial capital, and fought on the streets of Saigon. Dramatic events unfolded around the storming of the American embassy building: a stubborn battle lasted six hours before US troops, with the help of reinforcements that arrived in time, managed to push back the Viet Cong. It was this fact that had a shocking effect on American society, demonstrating the weakness of the Saigon regime, American forces and the determination of the Communists. At the cost of incredible efforts, American forces pushed back the enemy forces through intensified bombing, but by the end of 1968, about two-thirds of South Vietnam was in Communist hands.

Help from the USSR and China.

Political, economic and military assistance from the Soviet Union played a major role in the current situation. Soviet supplies to North Vietnam were carried out through the port of Haiphong, which the United States refrained from bombing and mining, fearing the consequences of the destruction of Soviet ships. Beginning in 1965, the USSR supplied equipment and ammunition for air defense, tanks and heavy weapons. Soviet specialists were widely involved in training the Viet Cong.

China, in turn, sent troops of 30 to 50 thousand people to North Vietnam to restore roads and railways, and also supplied food, small arms, and trucks. At the same time, both of North Vietnam's most important allies held different views on war strategy. The Chinese, based on their own experience, advocated a “protracted war”, an emphasis on guerrilla actions carried out in the South mainly by the Viet Cong. The Soviet Union pushed Vietnam to negotiate and thereby indirectly supported the idea of ​​large-scale military operations with the main forces of North Vietnam, capable of creating favorable conditions for reaching agreements.

Changing US strategy.

The Vietnam War was becoming increasingly unpopular in the United States. Anti-war rallies took place throughout the country, escalating into clashes between students and police. President L. Johnson was forced to take the course of negotiations with the DRV, but they were delayed due to the principled position of the DRV and the National Front, which demanded the evacuation of American troops and a change of government in Saigon. The failure of negotiations and the continuation of the war led President Johnson to withdraw from his candidacy for another term.

Taking into account the “lessons of Vietnam”, the Republican government led by R. Nixon in the late 60s. set a course for modifying the US Asian strategy. The proclamation of the “Guam Doctrine” or “Nixon Doctrine” reflected the intention of the new US leadership to maintain its predominant influence in Vietnam, while using methods appropriate to the changing conditions.

With regard to South Vietnam, the revision of American strategy was expressed in the implementation of the so-called “Vietnamization” strategy, associated with a gradual reduction in the number of American forces participating in the hostilities. The main burden of political and military responsibility in the fight against the forces of revolutionary liberation was shifted to the Saigon rulers. At the same time, as it was believed in Washington, the main goal was achieved - maintaining American influence in Vietnam. The “Vietnamization” strategy intended to reduce the level of casualties in American troops and thereby protect the United States from criticism from American and international public opinion.

One of the most important components of this strategy was the “pacification” of the South Vietnamese peasants, from whom the rebels drew their strength. The Americans tried to strike at the rear of the revolution and destroy the roots of the liberation struggle of the South Vietnamese population. To achieve these goals, the United States used almost its entire military arsenal on a larger scale, including B-52 bombers and toxic chemicals. Under the leadership of American instructors, the army of South Vietnam, which was entrusted with the main burden of the war, was strengthened. At the same time, the Paris peace negotiations continued. To exert pressure, R. Nixon ordered in May 1972 to mine the North Vietnamese ports. By this, Washington hoped to completely prevent the delivery of Soviet military and economic aid to North Vietnam.

The bombing of the territory of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was also intensified. In response, rebel military operations against American and South Vietnamese troops intensified. On January 27, 1973, agreements to end the war and restore peace in Vietnam were initialed in Paris. According to the terms of the agreement, the United States and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam withdrew their troops from South Vietnam. The DRV promised not to send weapons or “volunteers” to South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. The demarcation between North and South Vietnam continued to follow the 17th parallel, and its temporary nature was emphasized. These countries should have held free elections. But after the resignation of President Nixon in 1974, the United States sharply reduced its assistance to the allied regimes in Indochina, which led to the fall of the government of South Vietnam.

Decisive Viet Cong offensive.

In the spring of 1975, local communists, who, contrary to agreements, received a lot of help from the USSR, China and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, launched a rapid offensive in Laos, Cambodia and South Vietnam. In Cambodia, the extremist communist group “Khemor Reds” came to power. In December, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, led by communists, was proclaimed. On April 30, National Front forces captured Saigon. A year later, elections to the National Assembly were held throughout Vietnam, which proclaimed on July 2, 1976 the reunification of North and South into a single Socialist Republic of Vietnam with its capital in Hanoi. The city of Saigon was soon renamed Ho Chi Minh, in memory of the founder and president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

The US defeat in Vietnam was America's biggest failure during the Cold War. More than 50 thousand American soldiers died in the war. The massive anti-war movement led to the emergence of the so-called. “Vietnamese syndrome”, i.e. dissemination of the idea of ​​renouncing war as a means of resolving conflicts. Also in literature and cinema, widespread attention was paid to the “syndrome” that haunted tens of thousands of soldiers and officers who had been in Vietnam and experienced psychological difficulties in returning to civilian life. For North Vietnam, military losses amounted to more than 1 million people, and for South Vietnam - about 250 thousand people.

“I just tremble for my country when I think that God is just,”
US President Thomas Jefferson

In the second half of the 19th century, Vietnam became a colony of France. The growth of national consciousness after the First World War led to the creation in 1941 in China of the League for the Independence of Vietnam or Viet Minh, a military-political organization that united all opponents of French power.

The main positions were occupied by supporters of communist views under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh. During World War II, he actively collaborated with the United States, which helped the Viet Minh with weapons and ammunition to fight the Japanese. After the surrender of Japan, Ho Chi Minh captured Hanoi and other major cities of the country, proclaiming the formation of the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam. However, France did not agree with this and transferred an expeditionary force to Indochina, starting a colonial war in December 1946. The French army could not cope with the partisans alone, and since 1950 the United States came to their aid. The main reason for their intervention was the strategic importance of the region, guarding the Japanese Islands and the Philippines from the southwest. The Americans felt that it would be easier to control these territories if they were under the rule of the French allies.

The war continued for the next four years and by 1954, after the defeat of the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the situation became almost hopeless. By this time, the United States had already paid more than 80% of the costs of this war. Vice President Richard Nixon recommended the use of tactical nuclear bombing. But in July 1954, the Geneva Agreement was concluded, according to which the territory of Vietnam was temporarily divided along the 17th parallel (where there was a demilitarized zone) into North Vietnam (under the control of the Viet Minh) and South Vietnam (under the rule of the French, who almost immediately granted it independence ).

In 1960, John Kennedy and Richard Nixon took part in the battle for the White House in the United States. At this time, the fight against communism was considered good form, and therefore the candidate whose program to combat the “Red Menace” was more decisive won. Following the adoption of communism in China, the US government viewed any developments in Vietnam as part of communist expansion. This could not be allowed, and therefore, after the Geneva agreements, the United States decided to completely replace France in Vietnam. With American support, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem proclaimed himself the first president of the Republic of Vietnam. His reign represented tyranny in one of its worst forms. Only relatives were appointed to government positions, whom the people hated even more than the president himself. Those who opposed the regime were put in prison, freedom of speech was prohibited. It’s unlikely that America would have liked this, but you can’t close your eyes to anything for the sake of your only ally in Vietnam.

As one American diplomat said: “Ngo Dinh Diem is certainly a son of a bitch, but he is OUR son of a bitch!”

It was only a matter of time before underground resistance units, even those not supported by the North, appeared on the territory of South Vietnam. However, the United States saw only the machinations of the communists in everything. Further tightening of measures only led to the fact that in December 1960, all South Vietnamese underground groups united into the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam, called the Viet Cong in the West. Now North Vietnam began to support the partisans. In response, the US increased military assistance to Diem. In December 1961, the first regular units of the US Armed Forces arrived in the country - two helicopter companies designed to increase the mobility of government troops. American advisers trained South Vietnamese soldiers and planned combat operations. The John Kennedy administration wanted to demonstrate to Khrushchev its determination to destroy the “communist infection” and its readiness to protect its allies. The conflict grew and soon became one of the hottest flashpoints of the Cold War between the two powers. For the US, the loss of South Vietnam meant the loss of Laos, Thailand and Cambodia, posing a threat to Australia. When it became clear that Diem was not able to effectively fight the partisans, the American intelligence services, with the help of South Vietnamese generals, organized a coup. On November 2, 1963, Ngo Dinh Diem was killed along with his brother. Over the next two years, as a result of the struggle for power, another coup occurred every few months, which allowed the partisans to expand the captured territories. At the same time, US President John Kennedy was assassinated, and many fans of “conspiracy theories” see this as his desire to end the war in Vietnam peacefully, which someone really didn’t like. This version is plausible, in light of the fact that the first document that Lyndon Johnson signed as the new president was sending additional troops to Vietnam. Although on the eve of the presidential elections he was nominated as a “peace candidate,” which influenced his landslide victory. The number of American soldiers in South Vietnam rose from 760 in 1959 to 23,300 in 1964.

On August 2, 1964, two American destroyers, Maddox and Turner Joy, were attacked by North Vietnamese forces in the Gulf of Tonkin. A couple of days later, in the midst of confusion among the Yankee command, the destroyer Maddox announced a second attack. And although the ship's crew soon denied the information, intelligence announced the interception of messages in which the North Vietnamese admitted to the attack. The US Congress, with 466 votes in favor and no votes against, passed the Tonkin Resolution, giving the President the right to respond to this attack by any means. This marked the beginning of the war. Lyndon Johnson ordered airstrikes against North Vietnamese naval installations (Operation Pierce Arrow). Surprisingly, the decision to invade Vietnam was made only by civilian leadership: Congress, the President, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara and Secretary of State Dean Rusk. The Pentagon responded with little enthusiasm to the decision to “resolve the conflict” in Southeast Asia.

Colin Powell, a young officer at the time, said: “Our military was afraid to tell the civilian leadership that this method of war led to a guaranteed loss.”
American analyst Michael Desch wrote: “Unconditional obedience of the military to civilian authorities leads, firstly, to the loss of their authority, and secondly, it frees the hands of official Washington for further adventures, similar to the Vietnam one.”

Most recently, a statement was made public in the United States by independent researcher Matthew Eid, specializing in the National Security Agency (the US intelligence agency for electronic intelligence and counterintelligence), that key intelligence information about the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964, which served as the reason for the US invasion of Vietnam, was falsified . The basis was a report by NSA staff historian Robert Hayniock, compiled in 2001 and declassified under the Freedom of Information Act (passed by Congress in 1966). The report suggests that NSA officers made an unintentional mistake in translating information obtained as a result of radio interception. Senior officers, who almost immediately discovered the mistake, decided to hide it by correcting all the necessary documents so that they indicated the reality of the attack on the Americans. High-ranking officials repeatedly referred to these false data in their speeches.

Robert McNamara said: “I think it is wrong to think that Johnson wanted war. However, we believed that we had evidence that North Vietnam was escalating the conflict.”

And this is not the last falsification of intelligence data by the leadership of the NSA. The war in Iraq was based on unconfirmed information on the “uranium dossier”. However, many historians believe that even without the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin, the United States would still have found a reason to take military action. Lyndon Johnson believed that America was obliged to defend its honor, impose a new round of the arms race on our country, unite the nation, and distract its citizens from internal problems.

When new presidential elections were held in the United States in 1969, Richard Nixon declared that the foreign policy of the United States would change dramatically. The United States will no longer pretend to be the overseer and try to solve problems in all corners of the planet. He reported a secret plan to end the battles in Vietnam. This was well received by the war-weary American public, and Nixon won the election. However, in reality, the secret plan consisted of the massive use of aviation and navy. In 1970 alone, American bombers dropped more bombs on Vietnam than in the last five years combined.

And here we should mention another party interested in the war - US corporations that manufacture ammunition. More than 14 million tons of explosives were detonated in the Vietnam War, which is several times more than during World War II in all theaters of combat. Bombs, including high-tonnage and now banned fragment bombs, leveled entire villages, and the fire of napalm and phosphorus burned hectares of forest. Dioxin, the most toxic substance ever created by man, was sprayed over Vietnam in an amount of more than 400 kilograms. Chemists believe that 80 grams added to New York's water supply is enough to turn it into a dead city. These weapons have continued to kill for forty years, affecting the modern generation of Vietnamese. The profits of US military corporations amounted to many billions of dollars. And they were not at all interested in a quick victory for the American army. It is no coincidence that the most developed state in the world, using the latest technologies, large masses of soldiers, winning all its battles, still could not win the war.

Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul said this: “We are moving toward a softer fascism, not a Hitler-type fascism—a loss of civil liberties where corporations are in charge and the government is in bed with big business.”

In 1967, the International War Crimes Tribunal held two sessions to hear evidence about the conduct of the Vietnam War. It follows from their verdict that the United States bears full responsibility for the use of force and for the crime against peace, violating the established provisions of international law.

“In front of the huts,” recalls a former US soldier, “old men stood or squatted in the dust at the threshold. Their life was so simple, it was all spent in this village and the fields surrounding it. What do they think about strangers invading their village? How can they understand the constant movement of helicopters cutting through their blue sky; tanks and half-tracks, armed patrols padding through their rice fields where they farm?

US Armed Forces Vietnam War

The "Vietnam War" or "Vietnam War" is the Second Indochina War between Vietnam and the United States. It began around 1961 and ended on April 30, 1975. In Vietnam itself, this war is called the Liberation War, and sometimes the American War. The Vietnam War is often seen as the peak of the Cold War between the Soviet bloc and China, on the one hand, and the United States and some of its allies, on the other. In America, the Vietnam War is considered its darkest spot. In the history of Vietnam, this war is perhaps the most heroic and tragic page.
The Vietnam War was both a civil war between various political forces in Vietnam and an armed struggle against American occupation.

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