A2. Use of paronymous words
SUBSCRIPTION - SUBSCRIBER Subscription. Document,
granting the right to service, use something, as well as the right to this itself: library subscription; theater subscription; concert ticket. Subscriber. The one who uses the subscription: subscriber of the library, telephone network; the subscriber does not answer; neat subscriber.
UNTALENTED - UNTALENTED. Untalented. Unhappy,
destitute (folk-poetic): talentless person, friend, little head, fate, fate, love. Talentless. Without talent, mediocre: untalented writer, artist, book, specialist, critic, engineer.
Wandering - Wandering Wandering. Relating to a tramp; belonging to, characteristic of a vagabond: vagabond appearance, character, disposition, friend. Stray. Constantly moving from place to place, nomadic: wandering musician, nature, troupe, hunter.
WEEKDAY - WEEKDAY Weekday. Not a holiday, a workday: weekday (-yaya, -ee) day, time, time. Everyday. Intended for everyday life, everyday, everyday: everyday work, business, event, worries, dress, suit; and also: monotonous, hopeless, gray, joyless: everyday voice, atmosphere, answer, life.
INHALE (INHALE) - BREATH (INHALE) Inhale.
Take in your breath: inhale fresh air, oxygen, smoke, the smell of flowers. In a figurative meaning: to breathe strength into a comrade. Take a breath. Take a breath: breathe a sigh of relief: and also: rest, take a break: breathe after running around.
MILITATORY - MILITATORY Militant.
Possessing a military spirit, brave: warlike people, nomads, country, tribes, state; and also: characteristic of a warrior, decisive, ready for a clash: militant posture, militant attacks, militant character, tone, argument. *Militant. Active, irreconcilable: militant atheist, humanist, philistine, idealism, materialism.
MEMORIES - REMINDERS Memory. Mental reproduction of something preserved in memory: memory of a performance; awaken memories; reminisce; and also: notes or stories about the past: literary memoirs, write memoirs. Reminder. An appeal that reminds of something: a secondary reminder, a reminder from the director, not to wait for a reminder.
UGLY - UGLY Ugly. Very bad, disgusting; disgusting: disgusting person, act; disgusting lie, cigar, weather. Disgusting. Full of disgust, disgust towards someone or something: disgusting gesture, look: disgusting feeling, animal.
WARRANTY - GUARANTEED Warranty.
HARMONIC - HARMONIC Harmonic.
Relating to harmony (music): harmonic major, tones, notes, processing, style, accompaniment) and also: proportionate, full of harmony: harmonic person, figure, society, proportions, whole, development. Harmonious. The same as harmonic in the meaning: proportionate, full of harmony. Harmonious person; harmonious society; harmonious performance, verse.
HEROISM - HEROICS - HEROICITY Heroism. Heroic spirit,
the mode of action inherent in the hero: labor heroism; heroism of the people; female heroism; partisan heroism. Heroic. Heroic content, the heroic side in activities, events: the heroism of struggle, labor, life, everyday life, era, time. Heroism. Heroic behavior: to show heroism: the heroism of a soldier; true heroism, boast of heroism.
HYPOTHESIS - HYPOTHETICITY Hypothesis. A scientific assumption that has not yet been proven: to put forward a hypothesis: a scientific hypothesis; hypothesis failure; fantastic hypothesis; hypothesis about the origin of life. Hypothetical. Conjecture: the hypothetical nature of a judgment, version, statement, theory.
MAIN - CAPITAL Main. The most important, basic: main street, problem, thought, concern, role; and also: senior in position: chief physician, accountant. Title. Pertaining to a title, serving as a title: title sheet, page, role, story, letter.
ANGRY - ANGRY Angry. Prone to anger
hot-tempered: angry person, old man, boss, nature, character, creature. Angry. Angry: of any person in a state of anger; and also: caused by anger, expressing anger: angry look, tone, response, protest.
VOCIOUS - VOCIENT Vociferous. Having a strong, sonorous voice: vociferous guy, singer, commander, duet, crowd, nightingale. Voice. Relating to the voice: vocal cords, data, muscles, exercises. PROUD - PROUD Proud. Expressing one's own superiority and dignity, arrogant: proud posture, gait, smile, woman, soul. Proud. Full of self-esteem: a proud person, character, appearance. PRIDE - PRIDE Pride. Self-esteem, self-respect: a sense of pride; national pride; full of pride, maiden pride. Pride. Excessive pride: exorbitant pride, damned; the pride of an upstart, a youth.
HUMANISM - HUMANITY Humanism. Humanity, humanity in social activities, in relation to people: genuine humanism; Christian humanism; preach, defend humanism; fight for humanism; as well as: the progressive movement of the Renaissance, which had the goal of liberating the individual from feudal and church oppression: Italian humanism; humanism of France; supporter of humanism. Humanity. The same as humanism in the meaning: humanity, a kind attitude towards someone: the humanity of a doctor, a winner; tearful humanity; sense of humanity; herald of humanity.
HUMANISTIC - HUMANISTIC Humanistic.
Related to humanism, to a humanist (meaning: supporter, representative of humanism); characteristic of humanism: humanistic novel, book, drama, science, idea, thought, society, principles, beliefs, goal: and also: relating to humanism as a movement of the Renaissance: humanistic ideal, principle. Humane. Humane, responsive, cultural: humane person, law, system, principle; humane thought, science, reform, profession. GIFTED - GIFTED Gifted. Received as a gift: gifted item; gift horse.Gift horse. Received for free, free of charge: free travel, labor, carpenter, bread, performance, ticket.
ENGINE - MOVER Engine. A machine that converts any type of energy into mechanical energy and sets something in motion: a steam engine; internal combustion engine; rocket engine; and also: a force that promotes growth, development (figurative meaning): labor is the engine of science and culture; engine of progress; powerful engine. Propulsion (special). A device that provides movement (an airplane propeller, a car wheel): automobile, ship, powerful propulsion.
DOUBLE - DOUBLE - DOUBLE Double. Twice as much: double portion; double care; double price; also: consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom; double surname; and also: dual, two-faced: double politics, tactics, game. Dual. Leaning both in one direction and in the other; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior. Forked. Split in two: cloven hoof, cleft chin; and also: having lost internal unity: split consciousness; split character; split thought.
BUSINESS - BUSINESS - BUSINESS Businesslike. Explanatory,
serious, enterprising: businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike gait. Business. Related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting, language, considerations, secrets, qualities, documents. Efficient. Capable of serious work: efficient worker, owner, small; and also: serious, noteworthy: worthwhile project: worthwhile research; offer.
DEFECTIVE - DEFECTIVE Defective. Having a physical or mental disability: a defective child. Defective. Damaged, defective: defective product; defective copy of the book.
DYNAMICS - DYNAMICS Dynamics. Mechanics section,
studying the laws of motion of bodies: gas dynamics; rigid body dynamics; lectures on dynamics; and also: the course of development, changes in any phenomenon: budget dynamics; narrative dynamics; process dynamics; and also: movement, action, development: dynamics of plot, events. Dynamism. Saturation of movement, action: the dynamism of dance, acting, narration, dialogue, rhythm.
DIPLOMATIC - DIPLOMATIC Diplomatic.
Relating to diplomacy and to the diplomat: diplomatic (- ah, -oe, -ee) representative, relations, service, corps, etiquette, integrity, scandal; and also: subtly calculated, deft, evasive: diplomatic response, act, step, move. Diplomatic. The same as diplomatic in the second meaning: diplomatic response, act, step, move; and also: careful, gentle, polite: diplomatic person. LONG - LONG Long. Having a large length; height: long stick; long lane; long man (colloquial); and also: lengthy: long report; long pause; long song.Long. Long lasting: long term, struggle, siege, truce, stay, silence, friendship, search, treatment.
KIND - KIND Kind. Good quality, durable: good quality product, suit, house; and also: having high indicators: good harvest, dinner. Good. Doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character, look, deed, friend.
CONFIDENT - TRUSTFUL Trusting.
Showing trust in someone or something: trusting tone, voice, gesture, look. Trusting. Easily trusting; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition, look, gesture, tone, question.
SINGLE - SINGLE - SINGLE Single. Only one, only one; separate: isolated case, episode, absenteeism. The only one. Only one: only son, friend, object, day, fact, theater. Single. General, united: a single impulse, front, plan; and also in negative constructions: one: not a single word.
DESIRED - DESIRED Desirable. One who is desired, who is greatly awaited: a welcome guest; welcome news; desired future; and also: dear, dear: desired friend, son. Desirable. Necessary, corresponding to desires, interests: desired decision, event, quality, event; welcome guest, conversation.
CRUELTY - CRUELTY Rigidity. Hardness, roughness (oh
subject): hardness of hair, fabric; and also: severity, unconditionality (trans.): rigidity of measures, character, game; harshness in the voice. Cruelty. Ruthlessness, mercilessness: the cruelty of struggle, reprisals, truth; tendency to cruelty; the cruelty of savages.
LIFE - EVERYDAY Life. Related to life:
living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; also: close to life, to reality: life image, story; life scenery: and also: important for life, socially necessary: a vital question, a vital necessity; vital interests. Everyday. Ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Rogue - SCHEDULE Rogue. Prone to cheating: a cheating person; and also: characteristic of a swindler, roguish: a roguish appearance, laughter. Scam. Relating to the manifestation of fraud: fraudulent (-al, - oe) trick, deed, fraud, trick.
PROTECTIVE - PROTECTIVE Protective. Containing protection: defensive speech. Protective. Protecting for something: protective armor, mask; and also: khaki colors:
protective fabric, tunic.
IDEALISTIC - IDEALISTIC Idealist.
Relating to idealism as a philosophical movement: idealistic philosophy, essence. Idealistic. Dreamy, idealizing reality: idealistic person, young man.
EXECUTIVE - EXECUTIVE Executive:
Related to execution: executive body, committee; executive branch; and also: diligent: executive worker, secretary. Performing. Relating to the performance of a work of art (music, literature, theater): performing style, composition; performing skills.
CONSTRUCTIVE - CONSTRUCTIONAL Constructive.
Relating to the construction of something: design diagram, part; constructive changes: and also: fruitful: constructive criticism; constructive proposal; constructive plan. Design. Related to the designer, associated with design: design office, premises, solution, design project, tool; design error.
LACQUERED - VARNISHED - VARNISHED Lacquered.
Lacquered: lacquered furniture, leather. Varnishing. Intended for varnishing: varnishing machine, workshop; and also: covering up imperfections, embellishing: varnishing film, story, report. Lacquer. Relating to varnish: varnish production; also: containing varnish: varnish paint; and also: shiny: lacquer wings of a butterfly, sides of a car.
Affectionate - Affectionate Affectionate. Expressing affection: affectionate word, name, meaning: affectionate smile (has a bookish connotation). Affectionate. Full of tenderness, affection: affectionate person, beast; affectionate smile, speech; gentle eyes: and also: about natural phenomena, time of day: gentle rain; sweet morning.
WOODED - FOREST Wooded. Overgrown with forest: wooded area, mountain.Forest. Related to a forest, located or occurring in a forest: forest airfield, fire; forest thicket, road; forest plantations; also: growing, living in the forest: forest animal; berries; and also: related to forestry: forestry institute; forestry.
LYRICAL - LYRICAL Lyrical. Related to lyricism as a kind of poetry: lyric poet, hero; lyric poetry; also: imbued with emotions, full of feeling: lyrical mood, digression; lyrical song; and also: gentle in timbre (voice): lyric tenor. Lyrical. Imbued with lyricism, sincerity: lyrical tone; lyric work, poem; lyrical symphony.
LOGICAL - LOGICAL Logical. Related to logic as a science: logical categories; logical law; also: based on the laws of logic: logical proof, thinking; and also: natural: logical conclusion, end; logical connection.Logical. The same as logical in the meaning: based on the laws of logic: logical conclusion; logical arguments: also: acting, reasoning correctly, consistently: logical person; be logical; and also: consistent, reasonable: logical question, move, step, answer; logical behavior.
MAXIMALIST - MAXIMAL Maximalist.
Showing excessive extremes: maximalist demands, slogans, moods, antics. Maximum. Largest, highest: maximum volume, size, maximum quantity, tension, attention. OILY - OILY Oily. Lubricated, soaked
oil, stained with oil: oiled pancake; butter paper, porridge; oily hands, lips; also: flattering, ingratiating: oily smile; oily voice: and also: sensual, voluptuous: oily look. Oil. Pertaining to oil, consisting of oil: oil stain; oily fumes; also: oil-powered, with the help of oil: oil pump; oil lamp; and also: made with paints ground in oil: oil painting; oil painting.
WEAR (PUT ON) - DRESS (DRESS) Put on. Cover the body with clothes (i.e. put it on oneself): put on a coat, hat, gloves, shoes; and also: attach, fit, attach (threading or pinning): put on medals, skates, tie, glasses, gun, backpack, saddle, ring, bait; and also with the preposition “on” to put on yourself and someone else: put a backpack on your back, put covers on furniture. Dress. Cover someone with clothes, a blanket: dress a child; cover with a blanket; and also: to cover, to envelop (about fog, darkness): to cover with asphalt, concrete, foliage, snow, darkness, clouds, fog.
IGNORANT - IGNORANT Ignorant. A rude, ill-mannered person. Ignorant. An uneducated, ignorant person.
INTOLERABLE - INTOLERABLE Intolerable. Unbearable:
unbearable pain, heat; unbearable hunger, cold; unbearable grief. Intolerant. One that cannot be tolerated: an intolerant position, behavior, treatment: and also: devoid of tolerance, not taking into account the opinions of others: an intolerant person; intolerant of other people's success.
OFFENSIVE - TOUCHED Offensive. Offensive,
offensive: offensive remark; offensive advice; offensive speech: and also: annoying, unpleasant (colloquial): offensive miscalculation, oversight. Touchy. Easily offended: touchy person, character.
JUSTIFY (JUSTIFY) - FOUND (FOUND)
Justify. Support with evidence: substantiate a point of view, hypothesis, claim. Ground. To make a beginning, to establish: to found a city, a museum, a theater; and also: to build on something: to base views, conclusions, theory, hopes on something: on knowledge, assumption, misunderstanding, etc.
CAREFUL - DANGEROUS Cautious. Alert,
distrustful: a cautious person, look, gesture. Dangerous. Risky: dangerous task; dangerous road, lowland; and also: capable of causing harm: dangerous enemy, criminal, beast, conversation, gesture.
MASTER (MASTER) - MASTER (ASIMINATE) Master.
Completely master something by learning to use it: master production, profession, technology; also: perceive, remember: master the heritage of the past, material, topic, language, message; and also: to inhabit, to include in economic life: to master the desert, virgin lands, land. Assimilate. Make it characteristic, familiar to yourself: learn a new custom, views, habit, tone; also: having understood, remember properly: master a book, lecture, theory; and also: having absorbed, process in oneself: absorb food, vitamins, fertilizer.
SELECTIVE - SELECTIVE Selective. Selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; and also: indecent: choice abuse, swearing. Qualifying. Serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
MEMORABLE - MEMORABLE Memorable. Possessing a good memory: a memorable person, a student. Memorable. Preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; memorable year; and also: serving for memorization; reminders, memorial book, memorial badge.
FIRE - FIRE Fire. A flame that destroys something: a forest fire; and also (translated): bright, violent manifestation, rapid and widespread distribution: fire of feelings, fire of war. Conflagration. The place where there was a fire.
COVER (COVER) - COVER (COVER) Cover.
Place on top: cover the house with a roof: cover the child with a blanket: cover the head with a scarf. Cover. Close on all sides, wrap up: cover with a blanket.
HALF - HALF Half. Constituting half: half share, price. Half-hearted. Lacking integrity, consistency, not completely decisive: a half-hearted person; half solution; half measure.
PROVIDE (GIVE) - PRESENT
(SUBMIT) Provide. Give at disposal, use: provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, speech, opportunity; and also: to give the right, the opportunity to do: to provide a solution to a case, to conduct a dispute, to determine a price. Present. Deliver, present, report: present a report, project, description, witness, accomplice; also: introduce: introduce a guest, lecturer; also: nominate, propose: nominate for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; also: cause, create: this is not difficult. The work is of considerable interest; also: depict, show: present as an eccentric, a hero; and also: reproduce, depict: imagine the singing of birds, gait, manner of speaking.
SUCCESSOR - SUCCESSOR Successor. Someone's successor; the one who took someone's place: choose a successor; successors of Peter the Great. Receiver. Device for receiving signals, speech, images, etc.: detector receiver, radio receiver; and also: an institution where someone is temporarily placed: a children's reception center.
NOTICEABLE - NOTICEABLE Noticeable. Observant,
noticing everything: perceptive person, intelligence. Noticeable. The same as noticeable: noticeable appearance, thing, manner: noticeable person, scientist.
DETERMINATION - DETERMINATION Determination. Courage,
readiness to make and implement a decision: show determination; determination in the gaze; the determination of a fighter; determination to help: strong determination. Determination. Firmness, inflexibility: decisiveness of look, action, character; say with determination.
SECRET - HIDDEN Secretive. Avoiding frankness, not talking about oneself: secretive person, character: and also: not revealing oneself, secret: secretive way of life, enemy, well-wisher. Hidden. Not clearly revealed, hidden: hidden meaning, hint, anger; hidden love, enmity; and also: outwardly invisible: hidden illness, temperament; hidden opportunities, reserves.
LETHAL - MORTAL Lethal. Having death as its outcome: fatal illness, wound; also: extremely fierce, leading to complete defeat: inflict a mortal blow on the enemy; mortal struggle; also: extreme, ultimate: mortal horror, cold, enemy; mortal resentment, fatigue: and also: accompanying death: mortal agony. Mortal. Relating to death (obsolete): mortal, hour on one's deathbed; also: subject to death: all people are mortal; also: taking life: death sentence, death penalty; and also: very strong: mortal boredom, heat
CORRESPONDENCE - CONSISTENCY Coordination.
Bringing into the right ratio, compliance with something; discussion and development of a common opinion; obtaining consent: coordination of actions, decisions, meeting agenda; done without the consent of the director. Consistency. Conformity, unity, mutual agreement, coherence: consistency of issue, project, movements, efforts; consistency in work, in dance.
THEME - THEME Theme. Subject, main content: theme of a novel, report, film, conversation, dispute. Topic. Set of topics: themes of modern songs; scientific topics; literary topics; theme of the novel, symposium.
TYPICAL - TYPICAL Typical. Possessing characteristics characteristic of a certain type, characteristic: typical scientist, case; typical phenomenon, face. Typical. Being a type, sample: standard form, project; and also: corresponding to a certain type, pattern; standard: standard school, furniture, power plant.
FACT - FACTOR Fact. Event, phenomenon, case, reality: state the facts; historical fact; outrageous fact: and also: the presence of something: the fact of existence, struggle, victory, deception, participation. Factor. A moment, an essential circumstance in some process, phenomenon: take into account the time factor; an important factor; factor of surprise.
PREDATORY - PREDATORY Predatory. Characteristic of a predator, predatory: predatory instinct; predatory lifestyle; predatory trade; predatory capital; and also: mismanagement, pursuing the goals of immediate benefit: predatory deforestation; predatory fishing. Predatory. Eating other animals: beast of prey; predatory fish; and also: greedy, bloodthirsty, aggressive: predatory appearance, grin; predatory eyes; predatory nature, gait.
ARTISTIC - ARTISTIC Artistic.
Related to art: artistic creativity, work; fiction; also: related to activities in the field of art: artistic intelligentsia, school; and also: meeting the requirements of art, aesthetic taste: the artistic merits of the novel; artistic taste, image. Artistic. Relating to an artist; to the artist’s occupation: artistic genius, labor, club, props; and also: characteristic, inherent in the artist: artistic vision; artistic exactingness, negligence, processing.
WHOLE - WHOLE Whole. Whole without exception, complete: a whole piece, a glass; also: significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; a whole story came out; and also: unharmed: all things are intact. Whole. From one substance, piece, solid: solid slab; solid granite: and also: having internal unity, integral: a whole person, image, character; integral worldview, feeling.
CYCLIC - CYCLIC Cyclic. Performed in cycles, complete periods: cyclical development, movement; and also: constituent cycle, complete circle, system: cyclic chronology system; cyclical musical forms. Cyclical. The same as cyclical in the first meaning: cyclical development: and also: built on repeating circles of operations, work: cyclical organization of work; cyclical schedule.
HUMAN - HUMAN Human. Pertaining to man: human society; human culture; human language; also: inherent in man: human passions, feelings, aspirations, weaknesses, vices; and also: the same as humane in the meaning: expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: human treatment, participation; human law. Humane. Attentive, responsive, sensitive to other people: a humane investigator, examiner, man; and also: expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: humane law, humane attitude, participation.
JOKING - JOKING Joking. Prone to jokes:
humorous person, tone, gesture; and also: having the character of a joke, fun: a playful conversation, a story. Comical. Representing a joke, cheerful, amusing: a comic character, conversation, story, feuilleton.
ECONOMIC - ECONOMIC - ECONOMIC
Economic. Related to economics, economic: economic crisis; economic policy, geography. Economical. Providing an opportunity to save money, profitable: an economical car, lamp, technology. Economical.
Thrifty: thrifty housewife; and also: promoting savings: a frugal lifestyle.
AESTHETIC - AESTHETIC Aesthetic. Related to aesthetics as a science: aesthetic teachings; aesthetic principles; and also: artistic, relating to the feeling of beauty: aesthetic pleasure, feeling, impression. Aesthetic. Beautiful, elegant: aesthetic appearance, interior; and also: imbued with aestheticism (fascination with form in isolation from content); aesthetic look, approach, performance; aesthetic picture, decoration.
EFFICIENCY - EFFECTIVENESS Efficiency.
Efficiency, effectiveness: the effectiveness of the method, performance, engine. Effectiveness. Catchy: the effectiveness of a phrase or costume.
EXPLICIT - EXPLICIT Explicit. Not hidden, open: obvious hostility, irony, purpose; and also: completely obvious: an obvious lie, a fake. Obvious. Well distinguishable, clear: a clear call, noise, trace, smell.
Paronymous words: examples, meaning and use
Among the common errors encountered in speech and associated with ignorance of lexical norms and meanings of words, paronymy should be especially highlighted, that is, situations when interlocutors incorrectly use paronymous words in their speech. Examples of this error can be found in the speech of any of us. This is also a misuse of words. dress And put on, wonderful And wonderful, painting And signature. Knowledge of the meanings of words, as well as an understanding of the phenomenon of paronymy and the reasons for its occurrence will help you avoid these mistakes.
Paronymy
Paronymy is a fairly common linguistic phenomenon in which two or more words have similar pronunciations and belong to the same part of speech. Often such words contain one common root, but their meaning does not coincide. Situations in which people, when communicating, written or oral, confuse the meanings of paronymous words, replacing one word with another, is called paronymy.
This type of error refers to lexical errors and is associated primarily with ignorance of the meanings of certain words and the rules for their use in speech. True, in some cases sentences with paronyms are used in literature to create paronomasia and puns.
Paronyms
The term "paronym" comes from two Greek words: para - "near" and ónyma - "name". Paronyms are words that are similar in sound, but not identical, and often have the same root. They belong to the same grammatical category, that is, they belong to the same part of speech, but at the same time have different lexical meanings.
Paronyms are not interchangeable in speech, as this only leads to distortion of the statement. Often paronymous pairs are combined with different words. Thus, the pair “full” - “hearty” is combined with different nouns. A hearty dinner and a well-fed child.
The similarity of paronyms can lead to annoying mistakes, so you should pay attention to their true meaning and choose the right pair. To do this you need to know the meaning of the word. Paronyms can also have a similar meaning and differ only in shade.
The incorrect use of such words is a fairly common lexical error.
In some cases, paronyms can also act as synonyms. For example, “romantic” and “romantic”, “ironic” and “ironic” (smile or remark), “melodic” or “melodic” sound, “patriotic” and “patriotic” act.
The main groups of paronyms are represented by adjectives and verbs, with fewer nouns and adverbs.
Often a pair is formed either with native Russian words, for example, “bolotny” and “bolotisty”, or with borrowed words - “leasing” and “listing”.
Types of paronyms
There are several classifications of such words. Based on their origin, they distinguish root, affix, and etymological paronymic words. We see examples of them every day.
Root paronyms have different, but somewhat similar external roots. For example, "excavator" and "escalator", they do not have a common semantic connection.
Affixed paronyms have a common root and are united by a common semantic connection, but have different meanings due to the use of prefixes and suffixes. For example, “subscriber” - “subscription”, “economical” - “economical”.
Etymological ones are formed when the same word is borrowed into a language in different ways. Thus, the word “project” was learned from Latin, “project” - from French.
There are also types of paronyms based on word formation:
1. Distinguishing prefixes:
- typos - imprints.
2. Differing in suffixes:
- irresponsible - irresponsible.
3. Distinguished by the basis, that is, having a derivative and non-derivative basis:
- height - age;
Based on semantics, paronyms are distinguished that have the same meaning, but different semantic shades. For example, “long” - “long-lasting”, “vital” - “everyday”. There are also paronyms that have completely different semantics: “nest” - “nesting area”, “virage” - “stained glass”, “minced meat” - “farce”.
Frequently used paronyms
Let us note the most frequently used paronymic pairs.
A fairly well-known paronymic pair can be considered the words “dress” - “put on.” Here you should remember that you can dress someone, but you can put something on.
Sentences with the paronyms “painting” and “signature” are very common. Painting - a written list of something, wall painting, making notes. A signature is a handwritten name at the end of the document.
Addressee and addressee. The addressee is the one to whom the parcel or letter is addressed, the addressee is the person who sent it.
Archaic and archaic. Archaic - characteristic of antiquity, archaic - out of use.
Democratic and democratic are another pair of words. Democratic – one that refers to democracy. Something characteristic of democracy is called democratic.
Another interesting pair of words is “friendly” and “friendly”. Friendly - related to friends, friendly - based on friendship.
Logical and logical. Logical – correct, true, consistent. Logical – related to logic.
It is important to pay attention to the use of paronymous words and avoid mistakes associated with their use.
Causes of paronymy
There are four main reasons why mistakes are made in speech related to the use of paronyms:
1. Insufficient knowledge of the meanings of one or another word or even several.
2. The speaker’s incompetence in the field of activity to which the word relates.
3. Banal illiteracy and lack of vocabulary.
4. Reservations in speech.
Paronomasia
Paronomasia is a means of enhancing the expressiveness of speech, a stylistic figure that consists of the deliberate use of consonant words. The words paronyms are most often used to create paronomasia. Examples of this phenomenon can be seen in the following sentences:
I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.
He's not a weird guy, but a weird one.
Paronomasia is a pun that can be appreciated by readers with a good sense of language and a sense of humor. It is often based not only on sound, but also on semantic consonance. Paronomasia is also used as headlines to attract the attention of readers, for example: “Self-government or arbitrariness?”
Dictionaries of synonyms
You can avoid annoying mistakes in speech with the help of literature. So, you can find out the meaning of paronyms using thematic dictionaries. They provide a list of paronymic pairs in alphabetical order. Moreover, each word included in a pair has its own lexical meaning, as well as examples of normative use in speech.
Today you can use the following dictionaries:
1. "Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language" edited by N. P. Kolesnikov. Was published in 1971.
2. "Dictionary of paronyms of the Russian language" edited by O. V. Vishnyak. The book was published in 1984.
3. In 1994, another “Dictionary of Russian Language Paronyms” was published under the editorship of Yu. A. Belchikov and M. S. Panyushev. It was re-released in 2007.
These books will help you get acquainted with the main paronymic series and the meaning of the words included in them.
conclusions
Paronyms are words that sound similar but have different semantic meanings. In some situations they can also act as synonyms. Each of us periodically uses paronyms in our speech. Examples of their use: painting and signature, putting on and dressing.
In speech, one should avoid using non-normative words from paronymic pairs. You need to choose the one that suits the given situation. The normative use of paronyms is a sign of education and high culture of speech.
Examples of paronyms?
Greek word in origin paronyms(para-about, onyma-name) in Russian vocabulary are words with the same root or similar sound that differ in shades of meaning and therefore have different compatibility with other words. In other words, each paronym word has its own retinue of words. If, without knowing the exact meaning of a paronym word, you use it in speech, then you can make a lexical error - mixing paronyms, as, for example, here:
I put on a hat (instead of “put on”);
There is a malicious dog in the yard (instead of “evil”).
His performing talent was highly appreciated by the competition jury (instead of "performing").
Examples of paronymous words:
diplomat - diploma holder;
signature - painting;
essence - being;
the act is a misdemeanor;
excursion - excursion;
base - basis;
educational - educational;
feminine - feminine;
crocodile - crocodile;
critical - critical;
logical - logical;
spectacular - effective;
practical - practical;
dangerous - cautious.
dress (who?) - put on (what?);
pay (what?) - pay (for what?);
Boy paid travel We're on time paid for utilities.
Verb introduce has the meaning “to hand over for familiarization”, “to introduce”. Therefore it is combined with the words:
documents, report, diagram, project, guest, scene from a play or movie, mentally (imagine).
Verb-paronym provide means "to put at someone's disposal." It goes with the following words:
vacation, choice, position, premises, place, information, credit, opportunity, word, help.
Milashkaktn
Paronyms(from Greek para - near, onyma - name) is a very interesting group of words, different in meaning, but similar in sound and spelling, which is why people often confuse them.
Examples paronyms-nouns:
An ignoramus is an ignoramus, where an Ignorant is an ill-mannered person, and an Ignorant is an uneducated person.
Oposka – Unsubscribe, where Oposka is a mistake, Unsubscribe is a formal answer.
Ball - Ball, where Ball is a social event with dancing, and Ball is a mark.
Subscription – Subscriber, where Subscription is a document certifying the right to something, and Subscriber is a person who has a Subscription.
Inhale – Sigh, where Inhale is a separate intake of air into the lungs, and Sigh is an increased inhalation and exhalation.
Paronyms-adjectives:
Effective – Effective, where Effective is what makes an impression on others, and Effective is effective, bringing positive results.
Stone - Rocky, where stony - covered with stone, and Kamenny - made of stone.
Business and Business, where Business is everything related to business, and Business is an enterprising, skillful person.
Folding – Warehouse, where Folding is everything that can be folded, and Warehouse is everything that belongs to a warehouse.
Tactical - Tactical, where Tactical is having tact, and Tactical is related to tactics.
Verb paronyms:
Dress - Put on, where Dress - yourself, and Put on - someone.
Break - Break, where Break - destroy, render unusable, and Break - have a feeling of aching in the body.
Introduce yourself - Resign, where Introduce - say your name, and Resign - die.
Assimilate - Master, where Assimilate - make something understandable, and Master - learn some skill.
Discriminate - Distinguish, where Discriminate - recognize with the help of the senses, and Distinguish - something from something or in the meaning of Reward.
Paronyms (from the Greek para-about, onyma-name) are words that are partially similar in sound with complete or partial similarity in their meanings. Some scientists consider paronyms to be single-root words belonging to one part of speech, for example, “young - youthful”, “marsh - swampy”, “payment - payment - payment”, “main - capital”, etc. Other scientists classify single-root words as paronyms words with similar stress, for example, “adviser - adviser”, or with consonant prefixes: “Dress - Put on”. Paronyms differ from synonyms (words with a similar meaning) in that they have the same root, while synonyms do not, for example. "tall - tall (person)."
virgin virginia
Noun paronyms:
Addressee (the person to whom the letter is addressed) - addressee (the person who addresses the letter).
Craft (product) - fake (something illegal, fake).
Postpartum woman (woman in labor) - parent (mother).
Serfdom (defender of serfdom) - serf (peasant).
Pain (feeling of suffering) is a disease (illness).
Godina (time of some significant events) - anniversary (calendar date of an event).
Self-government (independent organization of any process within a group) - arbitrariness (unauthorized actions that do not comply with the norms).
Paronyms-adjectives:
Leather (made from leather) - dermal (related to skin).
Irresponsible (not responsible for his actions) - unrequited (one who is unable to respond to something).
Mortal (leading to death) - mortal (one who is destined to die).
Iron (made from iron) - ferruginous (having iron in its composition).
Complaining (inspiring pity) - pitiful (imbued with pity).
Sick (one who is sick) - sickly (prone to disease).
Aromatic (having a pleasant smell) - aromatic (containing fragrant components).
Kind (imbued with kindness) - solid (reliable, high-quality).
Verb paronyms:
Lower - let go.
To despise is to despise.
Cut your hair - cut your hair.
Understand - understand.
Bleed - bleed.
Lunatica
Often people make speech errors without knowing the meaning and significance of paronyms. They may sound similar, but they hardly mean the same thing. For example, I used to confuse " equestrian" And " horse", but then I remembered the meaning of these words so as not to make mistakes again. Equestrian- this is something that is associated with a horse or something that acts with its help (for example, cavalry, cavalry). A horse- this is what directly belongs to the horse itself (horse meat, horse tail), and in some cases it is also one of the parts of names in botany (horse beans).
Same with the words " racing" (what is for racing: racing bike, racing skis) and " hound" (usually we are talking about an animal that serves to deliver something: a hound dog).
Feminine - feminine
Lesnoy - wooded
Cancer - crustacean
And there are about a thousand such pairs.
Tatty
In the Russian language, there is a fairly large number of paronyms - these are words that, as a rule, have the same root, as well as a similar sound, differ from each other by prefixes or suffixes, but the main difference between paronyms is in their semantic meaning . Paronyms cannot replace each other. Paronyms come in 4 types: complete, incomplete, partial, conditional.
In some cases, paronyms are quite easy to confuse with each other; in difficult situations, you can look at the “Dictionary of Russian Language Paronyms”.
Examples of paronyms:
ignorant-ignorant;
idle-festive;
become dumb; become dumb;
unsubscribe - clerical error;
give birth; give birth;
sunrise-sunrise;
racing hound;
teeth-teeth.
Ladybug
I will not dwell on what paronyms are. The question is about examples, so I’ll just give them. The meaning of each word (if needed) can be found in explanatory dictionaries:
The initiator is the instigator.
Bestial - brutal.
Dramatic - dramatic.
Rhythmic - rhythmic.
Linguistic - linguistic.
Age-old - eternal.
Long - long lasting.
Rainy - rainy.
Romantic - romantic.
Businesslike - businesslike.
Wary - dangerous.
Dolfanika
Paronyms are words that are spelled almost identically, but have different meanings. Examples of paronyms
Guaranteed and Guaranteed
Let's look at the meaning of words
Kind and solid
The meaning of this pair of paronyms
And look at a small list of paronyms with words that complement their meaning.
It’s worth remembering them, or is it better to first think about what you want to write, and then insert the words into the text
Yuliyakotya
There are not so many paronym words in the Russian language. Paronyms are words that have a similar spelling or sound, but have completely different meanings.
Here are some examples of paronymic word pairs:
put on; put on;
economical-economical;
Advisory Advisor;
Ivan1706
The first paronym word is essence - being, the second paronym word is deed - misconduct, the third paronym word is escurse - excursion, the fourth paronym word is base - basis, the fifth paronym word is educational - educational, the sixth paronym word is feminine - feminine.
Hello, dear readers of the blog site. There are so-called “false brothers” in the Russian language.
These are the same or similar sounding words, but which have fundamentally different meanings. Officially they are called paronyms.
The term is Greek - like many others, which are responsible for the beauty of language, be it allegory (?) or metaphor (?) and so on. Literally translated, it consists of two halves: “para” (next to, next to, equally) and “onyma” (name), that is, one can say, “ same name».
What are paronyms with examples
Paronyms are words that sound similar, but differ in meaning and meaning.
Most often we are talking about words with the same root, but which have different prefixes and suffixes (this phenomenon is called paronymy). And depending on this, the meaning changes radically (or only slightly).
- BE WISE and WISE. In the first case it means gaining intelligence, becoming more intellectually developed, and in the second we are talking about overly abstruse ideas. There are even different shades here, positive “to be wise” and negative “to be wise.”
- GENERAL and GENERAL. In the first case, we are talking about a specific military rank, for example, a general’s order or a general’s uniform, and in the second, the words “main, thorough,” for example, a general plan or a general staff.
- SUBSCRIPTION and SUBSCRIBER. In the first case, we are talking about the right to use something or a document implying this right. For example, a concert or library subscription. But the second word is the person who owns this very subscription. For example, telephone network subscriber, subscriber account card).
From these examples we can also conclude that any part of a sentence can be paronyms. In the first case it is a verb, in the second it is a modifier, in the third it is a noun.
There are also paronyms that are not the same root (this phenomenon is called paronomasia). To many people, such words, out of ignorance, seem close in meaning or coincident. As an example, the name of a popular TV program and others:
- LET'S GO AND EAT- these are two verbs, but formed from different words. The first is derived from “to go”, and the second from “to eat”.
- POLIS AND POLUS- the first word means a specific document, and the second means a point on the map or anywhere.
- CLARINET AND CORNET- the first is a musical instrument, and the second is an outdated military rank.
The most problematic paronyms
There are a number of similar words that we often use in everyday life. But at the same time, many continue to confuse their meanings, and, accordingly, say something that is not what they intended. Or they look bad in the eyes of other, more educated interlocutors.
DRESS – WEAR
Probably the most “painful” paronym. You just need to remember once and for all - they dress someone else, but they put them on themselves. Or in another way - they always dress an animate face, but put on an inanimate one. For example, “the grandmother dressed her grandson” and “the lady put on a hat.”
IMMIGRATION – EMIGRATION
Entering another country and leaving your own. For example, “he immigrated to England” and “he emigrated from Russia.”
ADDRESSEE – ADDRESSER
Both words are associated with postal items. Only the addressee is the one who receives. And the addressee is who sends.
HYGIENIC – HYGIENIC
Again, the words are similar in meaning and relate to hygiene. But hygienic is about rules and means, for example, hygiene cream or hygienic working conditions. And hygienic - about some item that meets the rules of hygiene (hygienic shoes).
DIPLOMAT – DIPLOMANT
In the first case, we are talking about an Embassy employee or a type of suitcase. But diploma holders are people who participated in some event and received a diploma for it.
GUARANTEED AND GUARANTEED
Guaranteed is something approved that is beyond doubt, that you can always count on (guaranteed income, guaranteed result). And a warranty document contains a guarantee (letter, contract, service).
SELECTIVE and ELECTIVE
The first word implies a part of something, most often you hear “spot check”. The second thing is always connected with elections and voting.
ECONOMICAL, ECONOMICAL AND ECONOMICAL
The essence of the three words is the same - they mean the ability to spend less and save money. Only economical is about inanimate objects. For example, an economical kettle, that is, consuming less energy. But thrifty refers to people (thrifty housewife). And finally, the word “economic” characterizes global processes (economic crisis).
Dictionary of paronyms with the meaning of words
As I said above, there are also paronyms in the Russian language that sound similar to each other. But at the same time they have nothing more in common - different root, different meaning. For example:
- EXCAVATOR AND ESCALATOR
- VIRAZH AND STAINED GLASS
Often such words can be found, of course, in poetry. Where rhyme is used. For example, in Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin”:
Putting on a wide bolivar, Onegin goes to the boulevard.
On the Unified State Exam, it is important to be able to distinguish between all these paronyms and understand their meaning. Therefore, on a separate page I present it, which will be very useful in preparation.
And, of course, a video on this topic will not be superfluous:
That's all you need to know about paronyms. I hope it was interesting and useful.
Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site
You might be interested
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The first thing you should do in preparation for the Unified State Exam 2019 is to study the dictionary of paronyms with meanings from FIPI. This is a list of paronyms used in preparation for
To quickly search, click Ctrl+F.
Subscription
Subscriber
Subscription– the right to use something (or a document granting this right) for a certain period: a subscription to the pool.
Subscriber– a person or institution that has a subscription: a telephone network subscriber.
Destination– the person or organization to whom the postal item is addressed (recipient).
Addressee– the person or organization sending the postal item (sender).
Artistic– relating to the artist; intended for the artist; characteristic of an artist, an artist, characteristic of him.
Artistic- distinguished by artistry, artistic taste.
Poor– having very meager income, poor or indigent; having a lack of something, meager; unhappy, arousing compassion, pity.
Disastrous- full of disasters and hardships.
Meek– not receiving, not giving an answer, response to something; unable to object, contradict, very meek.
Irresponsible– not bearing or not recognizing responsibility.
Marshy– abounding in swamps, swampy; swampy, like a swamp.
Bolotny– related to the swamp, characteristic of it; intended for work in a swamp, movement through a swamp, etc.; living, growing in a swamp.
Grateful- feeling or experiencing gratitude.
Thanksgiving– containing, containing gratitude, appreciation: letter of thanks, telegram.
Charitable– aimed at providing material assistance to those in need.
Beneficial- useful, having a good effect.
Experienced- seen and experienced a lot.
Former– currently not holding any position.
Former- past, past.
Reckless- done without thought or consideration.
Beloved- beloved, dear.
Reckless– huge, boundless, boundless.
Inhale– each individual intake of air into the lungs, each individual inhalation: a deep breath.
Sigh- increased inhalation and exhalation: a sigh escaped.
Century-old– living, existing for centuries, for a very long time, unchanging, permanent: centuries-old oaks, centuries-old forest; centuries-old traditions, customs;
Eternal- infinite in time, having neither beginning nor end, not ceasing to exist, indefinite, not having a deadline. - eternal human values,
eternal problems.
Great- surpassing any level, outstanding. Great composer, great musician.
Majestic- full of grandeur, solemn beauty, large in size. A majestic building, a majestic monument.
Replenish– reimburse.
Add- add new data to what others have said, make it more complete by adding to something.
Top up- to increase by adding something new to something existing
Hostile- full of hostility, hatred.
Hostile- relating to the enemy, enemy, adversary.
Benefit– benefit, advantage.
Profitability– availability of benefits; positivity that leaves a good impression.
Issue– issued money, goods.
Recoil– the same as efficiency, benefit.
Broadcast- something conveyed to someone; transfer process.
Giveaway- to give something to many.
Pay- giving money as compensation for something.
Payment- payment, money paid for something. Payment is a monetary reward, compensation for something.
Payment– compensation: payment of tax
Pay out- issue payment, pay in full.
Pay- to give something in return, to repay.
Pay- pay for something. To repay is to commit, do something in response to someone’s action.
Pay– the same as paying
Grow- when caring, to ensure the growth, development of someone or something, to nurture.
Increase– promote the growth of something, lengthen; grow in any quantity; accumulate.
Grow– provide the opportunity to achieve any size or height in growth.
High– large in extent or far located in the direction from bottom to top; exceeding the average level, average norm, significant; outstanding in importance, honorable, important; sublime in content, very significant, solemn, not ordinary; very good quality, excellent; about sounds: thin, sonorous, caused by high-frequency vibrations.
High-rise– extending beyond a known limit; caused by high altitude; produced or used at high altitude (aircraft); about architectural structures: very tall, multi-story.
Warranty– adjective to the noun guarantee. Containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee.
Guaranteed– participle of the verb to guarantee. Secured.
Harmonic– related to harmony; based on the principles of harmony.
Harmonious– containing elements of harmony; possessing consistency, coherence, mutual correspondence of different qualities of objects, phenomena, parts of the whole
Clay- made of clay. Clay pot.
Clayey– containing clay. Clay soil.
one year old– at the age of one year; lain, lasted a year.
Annual– relating to the whole year; resulting by the end of the year, in total for the year; calculated for a year. Annual - for a period of one year, one-year.
Pride– self-esteem, self-respect, feeling of satisfaction from success; an excessively high opinion of oneself.
Pride- excessive pride.
Humanism- progressive movement of the Renaissance; attitude towards people, imbued with love for man and concern for his well-being.
Humanity– a property based on the meaning of the adjective humane.
Humanistic– adjective to the nouns humanism and humanist.
Humanitarian– addressed to the human person, to human rights and interests; relating to the social sciences that study man and his culture.
Humane– humane, philanthropic, imbued with love for people, respect for the individual.
Binary– based on counting in twos (pairs): binary system.
Double– twice as large: double portion; double care; consisting of two pieces, parts: double lining; double bottom.
Dual– leaning both in one and the other direction; contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
Double– having two types, two forms, two meanings.
Twin- something made double.
Doubled– enlarged, doubled in strength.
Effective– capable of influencing, active: effective assistance.
Valid– real, authentic; valid: travel card, real life.
Active- one who performs actions, is in action.
Businesslike– smart, serious, enterprising: businesslike worker; businesslike look; businesslike gait.
Business– related to official activities, work: business conversation, meeting.
Efficient– capable of serious work: efficient worker; serious, worthy of attention: a worthwhile project.
Businesslike- which is based on narrow practicality, losing sight of the social side of the matter.
Democratic– containing elements of democracy, democratism, simple, relating to the people.
Democratic– based on the principles of democracy, implementing democracy, reflecting it, belonging to it. (Used in phrases of a terminological nature)
Dictation– written work consisting of recording dictated text.
Diktat- a requirement, an instruction dictated by one, strong party and imposed for unconditional fulfillment by the other, weak party.
Diploma holder– a person awarded a diploma for successful performance at a competition, festival, etc.; student preparing his final thesis.
Diplomat– An official engaged in diplomatic activities, work in the field of foreign relations; about a person acting subtly and skillfully.
Diplomatic– relating to diplomacy, diplomat (diplomatic post).
Diplomatic– subtly calculated, evasive (diplomatic behavior).
Long– having a large length, extension; longer than necessary; about the person: tall; slowly dragging on.
Long- long-term.
Solid- good quality, durable: good product, suit, house;
Kind– doing good, bringing good, close, noble: good person, character.
Trustee– showing trust in someone or something: confidential tone, voice, gesture, look.
Confiding– easy to trust; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition.
Rain– associated with rain, caused by rain, bringing rain; designed to protect against rain.
Rainy- abundant with rain. Rainy season, year.
Dramatic– relating to drama; about the singer’s voice: strong, somewhat harsh in timbre, in contrast to the lyrical one.
Dramatic– containing elements of drama, tension, expressing strong, deep experiences and feelings; calculated for effect, pompous.
Friendly- relating to a friend, belonging to, characteristic of him, characterizing the relationship of friends.
Friendly– mutually benevolent, based on friendliness, expressing affection (mainly about states, peoples and relations between them).
Friendly- bound by friendship, mutual agreement, occurring simultaneously, in concert.
Unit- only one, only one; separate, separate, individual.
The only one- only one, such, besides which there is no other; exceptional. One - common, identical, one for all, possessing internal unity.
Desired– very expected, constituting an object of desire; dear, dear.
Desirable– needed for something, corresponding to someone’s desires, interests, expectations.
Hard– hard, rough (about an object): hard fabric; strict, unconditional: rigidity of measures, character, game; harshness in the voice.
Cruel- ruthless, merciless; prone to cruelty.
Vital– related to life: living conditions, contradictions; life experience, process, path; close to life, to reality: life image, story; important for life, socially necessary: a vital question.
Everyday- ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
Housing– adjective to the noun dwelling.
Residential- intended for housing.
Block out- put up a fence, fence, screen, close.
Fence- surround with a fence.
Fence- protect, protect.
Fence off- separate by putting up a fence or partition.
Block off- separate with a partition or something blocking it.
Understate- make it lower than normal, necessary, make it lower than necessary.
Downgrade– make it lower; transfer to a lower, less responsible position.
Reduce– make it low, lower it lower, lower the height.
Pay– 1) to give payment for something, 2) to repay (reply). Examples of use: pay for purchases, for work, for services, for a ticket, for travel; to pay with good for good (note: after the word pay, a noun or pronoun is used in V. p. with the preposition for).
Pay out- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay a salary, pay interest on a debt, pay off a mortgage.
Pay back– to do something in response to someone’s action, to take revenge. Examples of use: repay with ingratitude, repay evil for good, repay for hospitality, repay with care and care.
Pay- to give payment for something. Examples of use: pay expenses, pay a bill, pay for services.
Fill- take over entirely; enter the necessary information into something.
Fill- make full, busy, saturated with something.
Overfill- fill beyond measure.
Starter- the one who conceives something, lays the foundation for something.
Instigator- the one who incites to start, starts something unseemly.
Animal– adjective to the noun beast; inherent in the beast, characteristic of the beast; cruel, ferocious; overly strong.
Brutal- characteristic of a beast, bestial; cruel, ferocious, wild; very strong, extraordinary.
Sound- perceived by the ear, consisting of sounds.
Sonorous– making loud, clear sounds.
Visual– related to vision; intended for spectators; one with the help of which something is considered.
Spectator- relating to the viewer, characteristic of him.
Inventive- resourceful, quick to come up with ideas, capable of inventing.
Inventive- relating to invention, to the inventor.
Informative– information-carrying, information-rich.
Informational– relating to information.
Information– informing; communication about the state of affairs, events; information about the surrounding world and the processes occurring in it, perceived by humans or special devices.
Awareness– awareness, degree of knowledge of information.
Ironic– relating to irony as a stylistic device.
Ironic– containing elements of irony, used for the purpose of ridicule.
Skillful- skillful, knowledgeable about his job; skillfully, well executed.
Artificial- not natural, unnatural, made like the real thing, natural, unnatural.
Executive– having as its task the execution of decisions, regulations, practically managing something; diligent, accurately and well fulfilling duties and assignments.
Performing– relating to the performer, to the performance of any artistic (musical, literary, dramatic) work.
Original– initial, starting.
Outgoing- sent from the institution.
Rocky– abundant in stone: soil.
Stone- made of stone.
Comfortable– providing convenience, peace of mind,
Comfortable– meets all comfort requirements.
Equestrian– associated with horses; operating with the help of horses.
Horse- belonging to a horse, relating to it, equine.
Stocky– body type (short, strong, muscular).
Root– original, primordial, permanent, basic; concerning the very foundations, the roots of something, decisive, the most important; main, central, core.
Root– relating to the root of a plant; representing a root, consisting of a root, roots.
Bone– adjective to the noun bone; extracted from bones.
Bone– made from bone, obtained from animal bones.
Colorful– bright, juicy. Painting – participle of the verb to paint; containing paint, used for coloring.
Painted– treated with paint.
Varnished– varnished; polished, outwardly shiny, smooth.
Varnish– adjective to the noun varnish; varnished (made of leather, wood, papier-mâché or metal coated with varnish).
Ice– consisting of ice, icy; located, located on ice; occurring in the ice.
Ice– adjective to the noun ice; consisting of ice, covered with ice; very cold (cold as ice); extremely restrained, contemptuously cold, destructive.
Wooded- abundantly overgrown with forest.
Forest– adjective to the noun forest; located in the forest, living, growing in the forest; covered with forests; related to forestry.
Personal- relating to the individual.
Private– belonging to a specific person; belonging to a person; affecting the interests of any person.
Microscopic– produced using a microscope; distinguishable, visible only through a microscope.
Microscopic– very insignificant in size, size, volume.
Frozen- subjected to freezing.
Freezer– intended for freezing.
Frosty– relating to frost as a natural phenomenon.
Put on– cover the body with clothes (i.e. put it on oneself): put on a coat, hat; with the preposition “on” to put on oneself and someone else: put a backpack on the back,
furniture covers are put on.
Dress- to cover someone with clothes: to dress a child.
Availability– presence, existence: to be present.
Availability- the amount of something at a given time; money available.
Reminder- words with the purpose of reminding.
Mention- words concerning someone, said not specifically, but casually.
Ignorant- a rude, ill-mannered person.
Ignorant- a poorly educated, ignorant person.
Intolerable- one that cannot be tolerated (unbearable cold).
Intolerant- one that cannot be tolerated: an intolerant situation, behavior; lacking tolerance, not taking into account other people's opinions: intolerant person; intolerant of other people's success.
Impatient- having no patience while waiting for someone or something
Unsuccessful– accompanied, ending in failure; unsatisfactory, not what it should be.
Unfortunate- haunted by failures.
Accused- one who is found guilty.
Accusatory- containing an accusation, expressing condemnation.
Scrap- a torn, torn piece, separate, incoherent, scattered parts of something.
Excerpt- a part isolated from a work, from a narrative.
Grasp- enclosing between outstretched arms, fingers, paws, etc., press something tightly to yourself: the mother hugged the child; the wrestler grabbed his opponent.
Cover– surround, squeeze; enclose, embrace, envelop: (envelop) the neck.
Limit- to put it in some framework, boundaries, to define it with some conditions.
Delimit- having differentiated, separate.
Delimit– divide, indicating boundaries; accurately determine by separating one from the other.
Hail- an exclamation used to call out, i.e. shouting, stopping or calling.
Response- response to a call, appeal; reflection, trace, relic of something.
Organic– organism; characterized by life processes, alive; formed as a result of the decomposition of animal and plant organisms.
Organic– conditioned by the very essence of something, organically inherent in someone or something.
Qualifying– serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament; selection committee.
Selective– selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal; indecent: choice abuse, swearing.
Deviation– rejection, refusal of something, abnormality, strangeness in behavior.
Evasion- moving to the side to avoid something; departure from the direct direction.
Distinguish- to establish a difference, a boundary between something; stand out from others.
Distinguish- to recognize, to distinguish between something or something.
Difference- a sign that creates a difference between something or someone.
Difference- difference, dissimilarity between someone or something.
Retentive– having a good memory: a memorable person, a student.
Memorable– preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip; memorable year; serving for memorization; reminders, memorial book, memorial badge.
Endure it- endure a lot; enduring, overcome.
Endure– endure a lot (hardships); undergo processing and change.
Purchasing– relating to the ability to buy.
Buyer– relating to the buyer, belonging to him.
Popular– understandable, accessible, uncomplicated in presentation; enjoying wide fame and public sympathy.
Populist– appealing to the broad masses and promising them a quick and easy solution to pressing social problems.
Venerable- inspiring respect, deserving it; big, significant.
Respectful– treating someone with respect, expressing respect.
Practical– related to the field of practice; needed for practice; imparting skills; related to the area of real needs.
Practical– experienced, well versed in life’s affairs; convenient, practical, profitable, economical.
Provide– give at disposal, use, provide an apartment, loan, credit, freedom, speech, opportunity; give the right, the opportunity to do: provide a solution to a case, conduct a dispute, determine a price.
Introduce– deliver, present, report: present a report, project; introduce: introduce the guest, lecturer; nominate, propose: nominate for an award, for an order, for a title, for a prize; also: cause, create: this is not difficult.
Representative– making a favorable impression (presentable appearance), authoritative; awe-inspiring, important, imposing.
Executive– elective (representative body) related to representation, representative (representation expenses).
Recognized– enjoying general recognition.
Grateful- experiencing, expressing gratitude.
Productive– bringing positive results, creating some value in the labor process, productive, fruitful.
Grocery– intended for food products, associated with trade or storage of products.
Productive– bringing obvious results, creating some value, productive.
Industrial– related to production; engaged in production, involved in production.
Performance– an indicator of production efficiency, characterizing production output per unit of resources used, factors of production; the quotient of dividing the volume of production by the amount of resources spent on a given volume of production.
Educational– serving for enlightenment, disseminating enlightenment.
Educational- related to enlightenment, enlightenment, characteristic of them.
Journalistic– relating to journalism, to a publicist.
Journalistic– touching on topical socio-political issues.
Shy- fearful, frightened; expressing fearfulness.
Scared– someone who has often been frightened or who is very frightened.
Irritation– a state of excitement, agitation, a feeling of acute dissatisfaction, annoyance, a cell’s reaction to external influences.
Irritability– personality property.
Rhythmic- related to rhythm, subordinate to it.
Rhythmic- repeating something at regular intervals.
Romantic– relating to romanticism as a movement in literature and art and as an artistic method; characteristic of romance; full of romance; emotionally elevated, attractive with its mystery.
Romantic– containing elements of romanticism, mystery, dreaminess.
Secretive– not inclined to share his thoughts, experiences, intentions with others, not frank.
Hidden- secret, not revealed explicitly.
Vocabulary– consisting of words; related to the dictionary.
Verbal– oral.
Resistance- resistance to pressure, attack, influence.
Resistance- ability to resist, degree of resistance.
Neighboring– located near, next to something, in the neighborhood.
Neighboring- relating to a neighbor, belonging to him.
Comparable- one that can be compared.
Comparative– establishing similarities or differences, comparative; carried out on the basis of comparison.
Stage– relating to the scene; associated with theatre, theatrical art, theatrical activities.
scenic– suitable for the stage, for a theatrical performance, having the properties necessary for the stage.
Technical– relating to technology, associated with it, with its scientific development; used in industry; related to the maintenance of equipment of any production; acting only on the instructions of the manager, not responsible.
Technical– possessing skill and high technology; performed with great skill, skill (in sports, art).
Lucky- happy; the one who is lucky (lucky explorer).
Successful– successful (lucky day).
Humiliated- the one who was humiliated; expressing humiliation, indicating humiliation.
Humiliating- offensive to someone's dignity or self-esteem.
Actual– valid, corresponding to the facts; real.
Factual– corresponds to reality, facts, requirements of accuracy.
Predatory- characteristic of a predator, predatory.; mismanaged, unplanned, pursuing the goals of immediate gain and enrichment.
Predatory– about animals: eating animals; greedy, full of desire to take possession of someone, to capture something, and also expressing such a desire; like that of a predator.
Tsarsky- relating to the king, luxurious, rich, belonging to him; relating to the political regime of a monarchy headed by a king.
Regal- characterized by majesty, significance in scope.
Reigning- performing the duties of a king; the same as reigning (high) superior, superior to everyone in some respect.
Whole- all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; unharmed: all things are intact.
Whole– from one substance, piece, solid: solid slab; solid granite.
Holistic– having internal unity: theory.
Economic- related to economics, economic.
Economical– giving the opportunity to save something, profitable.
Economical– one who spends something thriftily, who observes economy; requiring moderate costs, promoting savings, modest in expenses.
Aesthetic– related to aesthetics (the science of beauty in art and life, about the general laws of artistic creativity); associated with the creation and perception of beauty.
Aesthetic- beautiful, graceful; containing elements of aestheticism.
Ethical– related to ethics (a science whose object of study is morality); meeting moral requirements.
Ethical– acceptable from the point of view of ethical requirements (standards of behavior).
Effective- giving an effect, effective.
Spectacular- producing an effect, impressive. effective method, effective solution, spectacular costumes.
Efficiency- efficiency, effectiveness.
Effectiveness– catchiness, the ability to make an impression.
Solve with the answers.
FULL analysis of task 5 FOR the exam 2018
In Russian
Test your strength: decide without delving into theory!
Task formulation:
WRONG chosen word.
1. Malyuta Skuratov, the favorite guardsman of Ivan the Terrible, was distinguished by his sharp mind, cruelty and PREDATORY sparkle in the eyes.
2. ICE The palace, built by order of Anna Ioannovna in St. Petersburg, became the venue for a clownish wedding.
3. In The Tale of Bygone Years, Nestor describes UNSUCCESSFUL Prince Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians in 1185.
4. Mitrofan, the main character of Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor,” a classic example IGNORANTS in Russian literature
5. In 1957 the first ARTIFICIAL The Earth satellite, invented by Korolev, was launched into space.
Test yourself: find out the right one
The answer is on the next page!
| X | AND | SCH | N | Y | M |
*Explanation: predatory ¾ profit-seeking exploiting others (about a person): predatory gleam of eyes, predatory official;
Predatory ¾ based on oppression, robbing someone: predatory habits, predatory tendencies.
What is the secret to success in solving task No. 5?
1. It is important to remember that paronyms¾ these are words, similar in sound, but having different lexical meaning: addressee ¾ addressee, put on ¾ put on, etc..
2. Members of paronymic pairs are in different words.
* For example, you need to determine in what meaning in a sentence instead of the word ETERNAL must be consumed CENTURY?
1) Petya Trofimov was called “ ETERNAL student."
2) ETERNAL The oak amazed us with its beauty and grandeur.
3) The documents were prepared for archiving at ETERNAL storage.
4) Compassion and humanity are ETERNAL life values.
How to learn to distinguish paronyms?
1) Need formulate lexical meaning for each of the words, choose synonyms:
· Century-old ¾ living, existing for centuries, for a very long time;
· Eternal ¾ endless in time, having neither beginning nor end.
2) Compose with these paronyms phrases so that there is no doubt about the choice of word:
· Century-old oak (oak, living century), centuries-old traditions (traditions that have existed for a very long time)
· Eternal values (unchanging), eternal student (constant), eternal storage (unlimited)
! Necessarily read the information from "paronym dictionary" to be fully prepared for the Unified State Exam !
THE MOST COMPLETE dictionary of paronyms for the Unified State Exam
Be sure to remember a couple of the most popular paronyms!
Now try to solve task number 5 again!
Task formulation:
In one of the sentences below WRONG The highlighted word is used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write it down chosen word.
Task No. 1.
1. Flooding from jam-type floods, which little depend on the water level of the year, should EXPECT in April and May.
2. There is a proven method for cleaning short-pile fur: dirty fur should be wiped with hot mashed potatoes, and then thoroughly SHAKE AWAY.
3. The greatest misunderstanding of Moscow SUBSCRIPTIONS necessitates paying a subscription fee for using the line.
4. The new company was registered under beautiful, SOUNDING name.
5. Under it HARD With a glance, everything became uncomfortable.
Task No. 2.
1. To prepare a marinade for fish baked in coals, you need SHAKE AWAY seeds from four to five cardamom pods, add a pinch of saffron and grind them in a mortar and salt.
2. The girl with a sharp movement threw her bangs off her forehead and unexpectedly calmly and CONFIDENTLY looked into Alexey's eyes.
3. ISSUANCE Skating is carried out if the visitor to the skating rink has a passport or any other document that can be left as collateral.
4. Analysts claim that in the coming year the securities market can EXPECT significant changes.
5. CHOOSE one direction or another, navigate strictly by the compass.
Test yourself!
A brief dictionary of paronyms
SUBSCRIPTION – SUBSCRIBERsubscription - a document granting the right to service, use something, as well as the right to do so: library subscription; theater subscription; concert ticket.
Subscriber - the one who uses the subscription: subscriber of the library, telephone network, subscriber does not answer, careful subscriber.
ADDRESSEE - ADDRESSERdestination - recipient of correspondence; addressee - sender of correspondence.
ANECDOTICA - ANECDOTICAanecdotal - based on anecdote: anecdotal story; anecdotal – ridiculous: anecdotal incident.
ARTISTIC - ARTISTICartistic - inherent in the artist: artistic talent, performance; artistic - skillful, virtuosic: artistic performance, artistic work.
ARCHAIC - ARCHAICarchaic - characteristic of antiquity: archaic look, archaic speech, archaic work; archaic - out of use: archaic work, custom, appearance, costume.
WEEKDAY - WEEKDAYweekday - not a holiday: weekday, weekday; everyday - everyday, ordinary: everyday work, clothes, furnishings, everyday worries.
Wandering – Wanderingvagabond - pertaining to a tramp; belonging to, characteristic of a vagabond: vagabond appearance, character, disposition; wandering - constantly moving from place to place, nomadic: wandering musician, nature, troupe, hunter.
BREATH IN – BREATH INinhale - take in with your breath: inhale fresh air, oxygen, smoke, the smell of flowers. In a figurative meaning: to breathe strength into a comrade ; sigh - take a breath: take a breath relief after running.
MILITATORY – MILITATORY warlike - possessing a military spirit, brave: warlike people, nomads, country, tribes, state ; and also: characteristic of a warrior, decisive, ready to clash: belligerent posture, belligerent attacks, belligerent character, tone, argument. Militant - active, irreconcilable: militant atheist, humanist, philistine, idealism, materialism.
UGLY - UGLYugly - very bad, vile; disgusting: nasty person, deed, nasty lie, cigar, weather;
squeamish - full of disgust, disgust towards someone or something: a disgusting gesture, a look, a disgusting feeling.
WARRANTY – GUARANTEEDwarranty - containing a guarantee, serving as a guarantee: warranty repairs, workshop, insurance, term, obligation, passport, securities.
Guaranteed - supported by law, order: guaranteed rights, old age, future , guaranteed payment; and also: secured - in combination with the words: income, earnings, rest.
HARMONIC - HARMONIOUSharmonic - related to harmony: harmonic series, harmonic vibrations; harmonious - euphonious, harmonious: harmonious personality, melody.
HEROISM – HEROIC – HEROICheroism - heroic spirit, the mode of action inherent in a hero: labor heroism, heroism of the people, women's heroism, partisan heroism; heroics - heroic content, the heroic side in activities, events: the heroism of struggle, labor, life, everyday life, era, time; heroism - heroic behavior: show heroism, heroism of a soldier, true heroism, boast of heroism. HYPERBOLIC - HYPERBOLIChyperbolic - containing hyperbole: hyperbolic image, style, language; hyperbolic - extremely exaggerated: hyperbolic review, hyperbolic comparison.
HYPOTHESIS – HYPOTHETICALITYhypothesis - a scientific assumption that has not yet been proven: put forward a hypothesis, a scientific hypothesis, the failure of a hypothesis, a fantastic hypothesis, a hypothesis about the origin of life; hypothetical - conjecture: the hypothetical nature of a judgment, version, statement, theory.
MAIN- TITLEmain - the most important, main: main conclusion, result, main role, part; title - related to the title: capital letter, title page, title role (the role of the character after whom the play is named: the title role in “Hamlet”; but: main role in "Dowry").
ANGRY – ANGRYangry - prone to anger, quick-tempered: angry person, boss, nature, character, being; angry - overwhelmed by anger: about any person in a state of anger, as well as: caused by anger, expressing anger: an angry look, tone, response.
PROUD – PROUDproud - expressing one's own superiority and dignity, arrogant: proud posture, gait, smile, woman, soul. Proud - full of self-esteem: a proud person, character, appearance.
PRIDE – PRIDE pride - self-esteem, self-respect: a sense of pride, national pride, full of pride, maiden pride. Pride - exorbitant pride: exorbitant pride, damned, the pride of an upstart, a youth.
GIFTED – FREEgifted - received as a gift: gifted item, gifted horse. Darova - received for free, free of charge: free travel, labor, carpenter, bread, performance, ticket.
ENGINE – MOVERengine - a machine that converts any type of energy into mechanical energy, setting something in motion: a steam engine, an internal combustion engine, a rocket engine , and also: a force that promotes growth, development (figurative meaning): labor is the engine of science and culture, the engine of progress, a powerful engine.
Mover (special) - a device that provides movement (aircraft propeller, car wheel): automobile, ship, powerful propulsion.
DOUBLE – DUAL double - twice as much: double portion, double care, double price, also: consisting of two items, parts: double lining, double bottom, double surname, and also: dual, two-faced: double politics, tactics, game.
Dual - leaning in one direction or the other, contradictory: ambivalent attitude, opinion, feeling, behavior.
BUSINESS - BUSINESS - BUSINESS businesslike - intelligent, serious, enterprising: businesslike worker, businesslike appearance, businesslike gait. Business - related to official activities, work: business (th, -th, -s) conversation, meeting, language, considerations, secrets, qualities, documents. Efficient - capable of serious work, efficient worker, owner, small, and also: serious, worthy of attention: good project, good research, proposal.
DEFECTIVE – DEFECTIVE defective - having physical or mental disabilities: a defective child. Defective -damaged, with a defect: a defective product, a defective copy of a book.
DYNAMICS – DYNAMICSdynamics - a section of mechanics that studies the laws of motion of bodies: gas dynamics, solid body dynamics, lectures on dynamics , also: progress of development, changes in a phenomenon: dynamics of the budget, process, and also: movement, action, development: dynamics of plot, events . Dynamism - richness of movement, action: the dynamism of dance, acting, narrative, dialogue, rhythm.
DIPLOMATIC – DIPLOMATIC diplomatic - related to diplomacy and to the diplomat: diplomatic (aya, -oe, ie) representative, relations, service, corps, etiquette, integrity, scandal, and also: subtly calculated, deft, evasive: diplomatic response, act, step, move. Diplomatic - the same as diplomatic in the second meaning: diplomatic response, action, step, and also: careful, gentle, polite: diplomatic person.
DEMOCRATIC - DEMOCRATICdemocratic - based on democracy: democratic union, camp, democratic party, democratic state; democratic - characteristic of a democrat: democratic action, democratic views.
DYNAMIC - DYNAMICdynamic - related to dynamics: dynamic impact, dynamic load; dynamic - full of movement, events: dynamic pace, dynamic era.
LONG - LONGlong - having a large length, as well as a long duration: long report, tail, long night; long – long-term, long-lasting: long vacation, period of time, long negotiations, searches, long silence, absence.
KIND - KIND solid - good quality, durable: good product, suit, house; having high indicators: a good harvest, dinner. Kind - doing good, bringing good, close, noble: a kind person, character, look, deed, friend.
CONFIDENT – TRUSTFULtrusting - showing trust in someone, something: confidential tone, voice, gesture, Trusting - easy to trust; based on trust: trusting child, animal, disposition, look, gesture, tone.
DRAMATIC - DRAMATICdramatic - related to drama: drama club, actor, dramatic work; dramatic - full of drama: a dramatic incident, a dramatic situation.
FRIENDLY - FRIENDLYfriendly - relating to friends: friendly advice, friendly meeting, friendly relations; friendly - based on friendship: friendly people, friendly politics.
SINGLE – SINGLE – ONE unit - only one, single, separate: an isolated case, episode, truancy.
The only one - only one: only son, friend, object, day, fact , theater. United - general, united: a single impulse, front, plan, and also in negative constructions - one: not a single word.
DESIRED - DESIREDdesired - dear, dear: welcome guest, welcome meeting; desirable – necessary: desired result, visit.
LIFE - EVERYDAYvital - relating To life: living conditions, contradictions, life experience, process, path, also: close to life, to reality: life image, story, life decorations, and also: important for life, socially necessary: a vital question, a vital necessity, vital interests.
Everyday - ordinary, characteristic of everyday life: everyday chores, everyday life, little things.
SCAM – SCAMroguish - prone To cheating: a cheating person and also: characteristic of a swindler, picaresque: roguish appearance, laughter. Scam - related to the manifestation of fraud: fraudulent trick, deed, fraud, trick.
PROTECTIVE - PROTECTIVEprotective - With containing protection: defensive speech. Protective - s protecting from something: protective armor, mask; and also - khaki colors: protective fabric, tunic.
BORROW - BORROWtake - borrow: I borrowed a hundred rubles from him. Incorrect: Borrow me a hundred rubles. Borrow - lend: Lend me a hundred rubles. Incorrect: I borrowed a hundred rubles from him.
ANGRY - EVILwicked - cruel, fierce, ferocious, angry: evil person, intent; malicious – inveterate: persistent truant, defaulter.
IDEALISTIC – IDEALISTICidealistic - relating to idealism as a philosophical trend: idealistic philosophy, essence. Idealistic - dreamy, idealizing reality: idealistic person, young man.
INDIANS - INDIANS - HINDUSIndians - indigenous people of America; Indians - name of the population of India; Hindus - followers of Hinduism.
EXECUTIVE – EXECUTIVEexecutive - related to execution: executive body, Committee; executive power, as well as diligent: executive worker, secretary. Performing - relating To performance of a work of art (music, literature, theater): performing style, composition, performing skills.
CAMPAIGN - COMPANYcampaign - a set of events: winter campaign, sowing campaign; company - a group of people, an association: a company of friends, a steel company.
TRAVELER - TRAVELERseconded (about a person): seconded specialist; business trip (about papers, money, documents): travel certificate.
COMIC - COMICALcomic (about comedy): comic story, comic opera; comical - funny: comical appearance, gesture. CONSTRUCTIONAL – CONSTRUCTIONAL constructive - relating to the construction of something: design diagram, part, design changes, and also: fruitful: constructive criticism, constructive suggestion, constructive plan. Design – related to the designer, related to design: design office, premises, solution, design project, tool, design error.
KOREAN - KOREANKorean - smoked pork or veal brisket; Korean - woman of Korean nationality.
ROOTS - ROOTSroots - roots for soup, etc. (carrots, parsley, etc.); roots - underground part of a plant, concept in mathematics: oak roots, square root.
CRITICAL - CRITICALcritical - containing criticism, turning point: critical review, analysis, age, critical situation; critical - criticizing: critical approach, intelligence.
ICE - ICEice: ice sports palace, cover, ice road, path, track; ice - frozen, frosty, icy, cold: ice house, jam, ice hummocks, icicles; trans. icy voice.
FACE - PERSONALITYface - body part: ruddy face, familiar face; trans. individual, legal entity; personality - a person as a bearer of some properties: a creative personality, a bright personality.
LOGICAL - LOGICALlogical - related to logic: logical connection of phenomena, logical category, logical thinking; logical - correct: logical action, answer, logical reasoning, proof.
MAXIMALIST – MAXIMUM maximalist - showing excessive extremes: maximalist demands, slogans, moods, antics. Maximum - greatest, highest: maximum volume, size, maximum quantity, tension, attention.
OILY – OILY buttery - greased, soaked in oil, stained with oil: oiled pancake; butter paper, porridge, oily hands, lips, also - flattering, ingratiating: oily smile; oily voice, and also - sensual, voluptuous: an oily look.
Oil - related to oil, consisting of oil: oil stain, oil fumes, also - operating on oil, using oil: oil pump, oil lamp, and also - made with paints ground in oil: oil painting, oil painting.
METHODICAL - METHODICALmethodical - related to methodology: methodological advice, methodological work, science; methodical - following the plan: methodical work, methodical influence.
PUT UP - HUMILIATEput up - put up with a friend, with shortcomings; come to terms with - submit: come to terms with his character, come to terms with the inevitable.
WEAR - DRESSput on (what, what on whom, what on what): put a coat, glasses, a ring on a finger, a coat on a child, a suit on a mannequin; dress (whom): to dress a sick child.
IGNORANT - IGNORANTignorant - ill-mannered, tactless; ignoramus - uneducated, ignorant.
INTOLERABLE - INTOLERANTintolerable - unbearable, intolerable, intolerable, unacceptable: unbearable cold, unbearable pain, resentment; intolerant - intolerant: intolerant person, intolerant relationships.
WEIGH - WEIGHgive short weight : weigh the buyer; hang: hang the walls with paintings.
EXCHANGE - EXCHANGEexchange : exchange shoes in a store, accidentally exchange flip-flops on the beach; exchange: exchange your thing for someone else’s in order to get the right or better one; iron. exchange an awl for soap.
JUSTIFY (to justify) – TO ESTABLISH (to found)justify - support with evidence: justify the point of view, hypothesis, claim. Found - to begin, to establish: to found
city, museum, theater, and also - to build on the basis of something: to base views, conclusions, theory based on something: knowledge, assumption, misunderstanding, etc.
CAREFUL – DANGEROUS cautious - wary, distrustful: a cautious person, look, gesture. Dangerous - involving risk: a dangerous task, a dangerous road, a lowland, and also: capable of causing harm: a dangerous enemy, a criminal, an animal, a conversation, a gesture.
MASTER (master) - LEARN (master)master - completely master something by learning to use it: master production, profession, technology, also - perceive, remember: master heritage past, material, topic, language, message , and also - to settle, to include in economic life: to develop the desert, virgin lands, land.
Assimilate - make it characteristic, familiar to oneself: learn something new custom, views, habit, tone, also - having understood, remember properly: assimilate a book, lecture, theory, and also - having absorbed, process in oneself: assimilate food, vitamins, fertilizer.
SELECTIVE – SELECTIVEchoice - selected, best in quality: selected goods, flax, coal, and also indecent: selected abuse, swearing. Qualifying - serving to select someone or something: qualifying match, tournament, selection committee.
ORGANIC - ORGANICorganic - related to the living world: organic chemistry, organic matter; organic - inextricable, natural: organic connection, integrity, organic fusion .
MEMORABLE – MEMORABLEretentive - having a good memory: a memorable person, a student. Memorable - preserved in memory, unforgettable: memorable date, meeting, trip, a memorable year, and also - serving for memorization, reminders: a memorial book, a memorial badge.
SIGNATURE - LISTINGsignature - meaning to confirm, certify: to put your signature, signatures on a petition; painting - painting on walls, ceilings, household items; action on the verb to paint: Old Russian paintings, painting words according to tables.
FIRE - FIRE fire - a flame that destroys something: a forest fire, and also (trans.): bright, violent manifestation, rapid and widespread distribution: fire of feelings, fire of war. Conflagration - the place where there was a fire.
COVER (cover) – COVER (cover)cover by - put on top: cover the house with a roof, cover the child with a blanket, cover the head handkerchief. Cover - close on all sides, wrap up: cover with a blanket.
HALF – HALF half - constituting half: half share, price. Half-hearted - l lacking integrity, consistency, not completely decisive: a half-hearted person; half solution; half measure.
POLITICAL - POLITICALpolitical - related to politics: political issue, figure, political struggle; politic - diplomatic, prudent: political person, political action.
PROVISION - REPRESENTATIONprovision - provision of credit, funds, humanitarian assistance; performance - presentation of documents, presentation (performance), presentation of something.
PROBLEMATIC - PROBLEMULARproblematic - speculative: problematic option; problem - posing questions: problematic question, problematic article.
TECHNICAL - TECHNICALtechnical - related to technology: technical progress, technical output; water; technical – skillful: technical actor, technical dance performance.
REALISTIC - REALISTICrealistic - related to realism: realistic method, novel, realistic art; realistic - actual: realistic goal, thought.
NOTICEABLE – NOTICEABLE perceptive - observant, noticing everything: perceptive person, intelligence. Noticeable - the same as noticeable: noticeable appearance, thing, manner; a remarkable person, a scientist.
DETERMINATION – DETERMINATION determination - courage, readiness to make and implement a decision: show determination, determination in the gaze, determination of a fighter, determination to help, firm determination. Determination - firmness, inflexibility: decisiveness of look, action, character; say with determination.
SECRET – HIDDEN secretive - avoiding frankness, not talking about himself: a secretive person, character, and also - not revealing himself, secret: secretive lifestyle, enemy, well-wisher.
Hidden - not clearly detectable, hidden: hidden meaning, hint, anger, hidden love, enmity, and also - outwardly invisible: hidden illness, temperament, hidden capabilities, reserves.
DEADLY – MORTAL fatal - having as its outcome death: fatal illness, wound, also - extremely fierce, leading to complete defeat: inflict a mortal blow on the enemy, mortal struggle, also - extreme, ultimate: mortal horror, cold, mortal resentment, fatigue, and also - accompanying death : mortal agony. Mortal - related to death (obsolete): the hour of death, on the deathbed, also - subject to death: all people are mortal, also - depriving of life: death sentence, death penalty, and also - very strong: mortal boredom, heat (colloquial) .
CONSISTENCY – CONSISTENCY coordination - bringing into the right ratio, compliance with something, discussion and development of a common opinion, obtaining consent: coordination of actions. Consistency - conformity, unity, mutual agreement, coherence: consistency of the issue, project, movements, efforts, consistency in work, in dance.
TOPIC – TOPIC subject - subject, main content: theme of a novel, report, film, conversation, dispute. Subjects - a set of topics: the topic of modern songs, scientific topics, literary topics, the topic of a novel, symposium.
TYPICAL – TYPICAL typical - having characteristics characteristic of a certain type, characteristic: a typical scientist, case; typical phenomenon, face. Typical - being a type, sample: standard form, project, and also - corresponding to a certain type, sample, standard: standard school, furniture, power plant.
TOURIST - TOURISTtourist (what relates to tourism): tourist cruise, tourist package, travel agency; tourist (what applies to a tourist ): tourist tent, tourist equipment.
ECCENTRIC – ECCENTRIC eccentric -based on contrasts: an eccentric trick, a number in a circus program; eccentric - unusually peculiar, strange: an eccentric young man.
FACT - FACTORfact - event, phenomenon, case, reality: state the facts, a historical fact, an outrageous fact, and also the presence of something: the fact of existence, struggle, victory, deception, participation. Factor -moment, significant circumstance in some process, phenomenon: take into account the time factor; an important factor; factor of surprise.
PREDATORY – PREDATORY predatory - characteristic of a predator, predatory: predatory instinct; predatory lifestyle; predatory trade; predatory capital; and also - mismanagement, pursuing the goals of immediate benefit: predatory deforestation; predatory fishing. Predatory - eating other animals: beast of prey; predatory fish; and also - greedy, bloodthirsty, aggressive: predatory appearance, grin; predatory eyes; predatory nature.
WHOLE – WHOLE whole - all without exception, full: a whole piece, a glass; also - significant, large: a whole heap of papers; a whole range of questions; a whole story came out; and also - unharmed: all things are intact. Whole - whole: whole person, image, character; an integral worldview, a feeling, also of one substance, a piece, solid: a solid slab, a solid granite; and also - having internal unity: an integral piece of music.
CYCLIC – CYCLICcyclical - With completed in cycles, complete periods: cyclical development, movement, and also - a constituent cycle, a complete circle, a system: a cyclic chronology system; cyclical musical forms. Cyclic - the same as cyclical in the first meaning: cyclical development; and also - built on repeating circles of operations and work: cyclical organization of work, cyclical schedule.
HUMAN – HUMANhuman - pertaining to a person: human society, human culture, human language ; also - inherent in a person: human passions, feelings, aspirations, weaknesses, vices , and also - the same as humane in the meaning: expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: human treatment, participation, human law.
Humane - attentive, responsive, sensitive To other people: a humane investigator, an examiner, a man, and also - expressing attention, sensitivity, care for people: humane law, humane attitude, participation.
JOKIC - JOKINGplayful - prone to jokes: a humorous person, tone, gesture, also - having the character of a joke, fun: a humorous conversation, a story. Comical - representing a joke, cheerful, amusing: comic story, feuilleton.
ECONOMIC – ECONOMIC – ECONOMICEconomic - related to economics, economic: economic crisis, economic policy, geography. Economical - d saving money, profitable: economical machine, lamp, technology. Economical - thrifty: thrifty housewife, and also - promoting savings: a frugal lifestyle.
AESTHETIC - AESTHETICaesthetic - related to aesthetics: aesthetic taste, magazine, aesthetic research;
aesthetic - beautiful, elegant: aesthetic method, approach, aesthetic form.
EFFICIENCY – EFFECTIVENESSefficiency - efficiency, effectiveness: effectiveness of the method, performances, engine . Effectiveness - catchiness: the effectiveness of a phrase or costume.
EXPLICIT - EXPLICITobvious - obvious, unconcealed: a clear sign, enemy, deception, obvious hostility; clear - distinct, clearly distinguishable: a distinct whisper, a splash, clear outlines, traces.
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