Methods for making stretchers from improvised means. How to make a stretcher from improvised means

After providing first aid to victims who cannot move independently, it is necessary to take out and remove from the lesion. For many of them, first aid will be only preliminary, as they need the subsequent assistance of medical personnel (nurse, paramedic, doctor) at the medical center. To extract the victims, carry out and deliver them to the medical center, there are various ways of dragging and carrying out without a stretcher, on a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.

The entire civilian population must be able to drag and carry out the victims on a stretcher, without a stretcher and with the help of improvised means.

Blockages and destruction will require the ability to drag the victim out. It can be pulled on its side, as shown in Fig. 27.

Rice. 27. Pulling the victim on his side.

A very convenient method in which the victim is placed on his back, his hands are tied at the hands. The assisting person kneels, spreading his legs over the body of the victim, and puts his bound hands on his neck. Leaning on his hands, the assisting person lifts and gradually pulls the victim away, as shown in Fig. 28.

Rice. 28. Pulling the victim when moving on his knees.

Rice. 29. Carrying the victim on a strap or belts folded in a ring.

Rice. 30. Carrying the victim on a strap folded in a figure eight.

If it is possible to move in height, it is easiest to carry the victim with the help of a stretcher strap or two waist belts connected together, folded in a figure of eight or a ring, as shown in Fig. 29 and 30. For a long distance, it is most convenient to carry the victim on the shoulder (Fig. 31), if there is no strap or belts. It is much easier to carry the victim together. A very common way of carrying out together with the help of a “lock” from the hands (Fig. 32).

It is most convenient to take out the victim on a stretcher (Fig. 33), they allow you to carry two or four people. If two people are carrying the stretcher, they must be out of step. When carried by four, two walk along the sides of the stretcher, supporting them by the bars. As you move, the couples change. On level ground, the victim is carried feet first so that the person walking behind can observe his face (Fig. 34). A stretcher can also be made from improvised means (Fig. 35).

Rice. 31. Carrying the victim on the shoulder.

Rice. 32. Removal on the "lock" from the hands.

Rice. 33. Sanitary stretcher in expanded and folded form.

Rice. 34. Carrying on a stretcher for four.

Rice. 35. Stretcher from improvised means:
a - from two poles and straps;
b - from two poles and a mattress pillowcase;
c - from two poles and two bags.

For laying the victim on a stretcher, two methods are mainly used. Of the four rescuers, three kneel facing the lying victim and, bringing their hands under him, at the same time lift him up and put him on the open stretcher, which the fourth brings under the victim. Two rescuers can apply a little-known method, but, as can be seen from fig. 36, light and comfortable.

A chair can be used instead of a stretcher. The victim sits on a chair, one porter walks behind and holds the back of the chair, and the second goes in front and holds the chair by the upper part of the front legs, placing his torso between the legs of the victim.

Rice. 36. Laying the victim on a stretcher together.

In the era of the rapid development of microelectronics and the conquest of outer space, construction stretchers invented back in the time of the pharaohs have not lost their relevance. They greatly facilitate many jobs and increase productivity.

Purpose of construction stretcher

This is a universal device that allows you to move various bulk goods - sand, gravel, cement, etc. With the help of a stretcher, you can also remove debris from a construction site, transport weights, such as bricks, cinder blocks or ceramic tiles.

The use of this equipment requires the participation of two people, preferably with the same endurance. It is impossible to carry a loaded construction stretcher alone. Therefore, in the absence of a partner, you will have to use a wheelbarrow or cart.

Types of stretcher

Depending on the material, stretchers are divided into three categories: plastic, metal and wood.

The first are intended mainly for bulk cargo. Most of these models are equipped with wooden handles. Their carrying capacity is no more than 110 kg. When working, it should be borne in mind that even the most durable plastic can crack or split from a careless impact, especially in the cold. At the same time, construction plastic stretchers have the advantage of light weight, which makes it easier to carry loads. If necessary, they can be used as a container for diluting paint and building mixtures.

Metal stretchers are more durable. They are adapted to move up to 200 kg of cargo. Made from sheet metal. The handles of such stretchers are usually wooden, in some cases upholstered in iron. When working, it is necessary to take precautions, since the possibility of cuts on metal edges is not excluded. The tin case is not cheap, and it is practically impossible to repair.

For various economic purposes, construction wooden stretchers are also used. They are very easy to repair, and it is also quite simple to make them yourself. The disadvantage of such stretchers is their significant weight. Moving them even without a load, you need to make a lot of effort.

Advantages of plastic stretcher

They are made of heavy-duty plastic and, unlike wood or metal, do not rot or corrode. Light weight combined with good capacity makes them indispensable, especially when carrying heavy materials.

The stretcher container is shaped so that the weight of the carried load is evenly distributed. It can even move liquid solutions. Construction stretchers are equipped with wooden handles, which are more comfortable than plastic ones. In order to avoid the appearance of fungus or decay, they are treated with a special compound.

For the manufacture of stretchers, manufacturers use impact-resistant plastic that can withstand significant loads. This is reflected in the durability of the inventory and the absence of deformations during operation. Plastic stretchers are resistant to temperature extremes. This allows you to use them in almost any weather conditions.

How to make a do-it-yourself construction stretcher

There are situations when a stretcher of a certain size is needed for work, which are difficult to find in shopping centers. In this case, you can make them yourself. This will require a board about 30 mm thick, a galvanized metal sheet, mounting hardware and a set of tools.

Handles are cut out of the board, which are the basis of any stretcher. A cut-out up to 40 cm long is made at the bottom of the board to give a shape that is convenient for girth and to reduce the weight of the stretcher. Then a frame is constructed in the form of two boards, fixed transversely to the handles at a distance of about 60 cm from each other. This is done using self-tapping screws. The resulting frame is reinforced with steel corners on the inside.

After that, according to a certain scheme, the flooring elements are attached. They are laid first along the edges, resting on the ends of the transverse boards and on the handles, and lastly the board is attached in the middle. A metal sheet is nailed to the bottom with mounting nails - and the construction stretcher is ready. All fittings are recommended to be placed on the outside.

During spring cleaning in the garden, you have to use a large amount of inventory. Stretchers are no exception, however, not everyone has them. Thus, it is better to make a stretcher.

If you need a service such as medsantrans.ru, then you can call online a special transport with trained personnel. In order to make a stretcher yourself, you can use the available materials at hand: boards and a sheet of iron.

These items will definitely be found on the farm, of which we will make a stretcher for the garden. It is advisable to trim the boards a little so that they turn out to be in the shape of handles. If possible, then process with a planer, and then carefully sand.

It is recommended to round them to make it easier to hold in your hands. Using nails, it is necessary to nail a sheet of iron at the base. When working in the garden, you can, for example, use a bucket in order to carry from place to place what is needed for gardening. However, wearing them is not very advisable, it may happen that it will take all day to rake out foliage and old grass. And many people forget to get a cart. That is why stretchers are made.

When making a stretcher, the boards can be slightly cut on the sides, where you will drive nails. When the stretcher is already ready, then, using them, it must be remembered that the earth does not need to be pulled out from the site. Let it remain in the garden, as it makes up a fertile layer of soil. Stretcher for gardening, so you have prepared.

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Construction stretchers have been used for repair, household and domestic purposes since the time of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and at the same time they have not lost their relevance in the era of space flights, innovations and microelectronics.

Stretcher - basic definitions

No matter how rapidly technological progress develops, it is not able to completely abolish the manual carrying of goods. Perhaps this will happen in the distant future, when there will be a place for robots in every household, but today such a prospect looks fantastic. And ordinary stretchers are more than realistic and quite versatile.

With the help of a stretcher, stones, ceramic tiles, cinder blocks for building walls and, in general, any piece building materials are transferred. They are convenient for transporting various bulk cargoes - from cement and sand to pebbles and crushed stone. On a stretcher, you can take out garbage from the construction site, foliage, grass and roots from personal plots. They are used for unloading compound feed, fertilizers and as a mobile container for many other household chores.

The use of any stretcher involves the work of two people with relatively similar strength and endurance.. If there is no partner, you will have to use a garden cart or wheelbarrow as widely as possible - it is simply impossible to use a stretcher alone. Is it possible to wear them in an unloaded state and rearrange them from place to place, which is unlikely to help in repair or construction.

Varieties of construction and utility stretchers

According to the material of manufacture, construction stretchers are distinguished: plastic, metal and wooden:

• Plastic stretcher - strictly speaking, only the main container is made of plastic, and the handles of many models are made of wood. They are usually used for carrying bulk cargoes, since they do not wake up from such stretchers.. The maximum load capacity reaches 100-120 kg. Unfortunately, the most durable plastic can split or crack from one careless blow, and you will have to purchase the tool again;
• Metal stretcher. Their container is made of sheet metal (with or without a steel frame), the handles can also be upholstered with metal. They have maximum strength and load capacity up to 200 kg. However, the cost of a tin body is very significant, and the suitability for repair is low. About such a stretcher it is easy to cut or injure yourself in the process of work;
• Wooden stretcher. Convenient for any construction, repair and household purposes, they are easy to make on your own and easy to repair if necessary. Among the shortcomings, a lot of weight can be noted - moving even an empty device will require more effort than carrying a metal or plastic “colleague”.

The standard dimensions of the construction stretcher relate to the dimensions of the cargo container and are 20-30 cm deep, 50-60 cm wide and 70-90 cm long. The total length of the handles is in the range of 150-160 cm, so that it is possible to deploy the stretcher in a loaded state on flights of stairs.

Why engage in independent production of ordinary stretchers if this product is not in short supply for hardware stores? Firstly, because retail chains usually offer plastic and metal stretchers. The former have an unacceptably short service life, while the latter have a very tangible cost.

Secondly, it often becomes necessary to make a stretcher of a specific size, and it is difficult to select the entire complex of dimensions in finished form. Thirdly, with the personal manufacture of wooden stretchers, you can build a transforming device (which no store will offer you). Let me lay out the guide to such construction in full detail.

How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands?

From the materials we need a board with a thickness of 25-30 mm, a thin sheet of galvanized metal and an extended set for woodworking - a hacksaw, a jigsaw, a screwdriver, a drill and mounting hardware.

How to make a wooden construction stretcher with your own hands - a step by step diagram

Step 1: Cut out the handles

Figured handles are cut out of a board 10-12 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick, which will serve as the basis for all stretchers. The middle part of the board remains unchanged, and a small chamfer is removed from the edges from above, and a deep cut is made from below, for a length of 35-40 cm on each side. This reduces the overall weight of the handles, giving them a comfortable grip shape.

It is best to apply the pattern of future cutouts on both boards according to the template and adhere to it exactly when processing. The more accurate the size of both handles, the more convenient it is to use ready-made stretchers, since they will have an equilibrium balance. Cut the handles on, securely securing them in a vise or wedges.

Step 2: Assembly of the stretcher base

Taking two boards of exactly the same width as the uncut handles, we fix them at a distance of 50-65 cm from each other, constructing the frame of the future stretcher. The length of these transverse boards determines the width of the stretcher and is 50-60 cm. The fastening of the crossbars is carried out with self-tapping screws from 60 mm long, in 3 cm increments, on a flat surface, checking the squareness of all nodes.

When the transverse boards are fixed, they must be reinforced with four steel corners from the inner (invisible) side of the frame. It is better to choose corners with long "shelves", which have 3-4 mounting holes on each side. Additional fittings will give the entire structure high strength and allow you to carry a load weighing more than 100 kg.

Step 3: Build the deck

Boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more are laid on the finished frame, and this is done according to a strictly defined procedure. On the one hand, the floorboards are exactly "flush" with the dimensions of the stretcher, but on the other hand, they should protrude about 5 cm beyond the dimensions.

The first two boards are attached from the ends of the flooring - they rely both on the handles themselves and on the transverse boards. Fasteners are made with self-tapping screws with a length of 50 mm or more, with a high mounting pitch frequency - at least 3 cm between self-tapping screws. The following flooring elements are attached only from the end parts, where the handles lie under them. The middle board will have to be precisely cut to length and laid in the resulting groove, secured with at least one screw on each side.

Step 4: Raise the sides and equip the bottom

Now you can fix two short sides and one long one - the one on the leveled side of the deck. For boards use a board with a thickness of 20 mm. It is most convenient to mount the sides on steel corners, and from the outside - if the fittings are located inside the stretcher, it will be clogged with bulk cargo, it is easy to damage it with massive bricks, etc.

A sheet of galvanized metal is laid on the bottom, cut exactly to its size. Galvanized fasteners are carried out with short mounting nails with wide caps, with a step of 10-12 cm. At the same stage, it is convenient to put special rubberized nozzles on the handles with a distance of 2-3 cm from the ends, so as not to damage the hands if the loaded stretcher accidentally hits an obstacle .

Step 5: Making the flip side

The final stage of independent "stretcher construction" is associated with the manufacture and fastening of the folding side. This part is useful when transporting light and bulk cargo, especially over long distances. A board of small thickness (from 15 mm) and length is tried on to the open side of the flooring, its width may slightly exceed the height of our stretchers. Swivel hinges are attached to the protruding end of the flooring and the mobile side. Along the edges of this side, it is worthwhile to provide fittings for fixing it in the tilted state - latches, hooks, etc.

This is an approximate "recipe" for how to make a universal stretcher from wooden boards. If carrying bulk cargo is irrelevant for you, then stage 5 can be omitted - bricks, cinder blocks and bags of cement can be moved with one open side, which even facilitates their loading and unloading.

K category: Joinery

Making wooden stretchers

General work planning

Knowing how to plan the bars exactly to the specified dimensions, you can make many different and necessary things, for example, a stretcher, a wheelbarrow (Fig. 1, 2). To start work, as always, it is necessary to draw up a plan.

After reviewing the natural samples and the technical drawing of the product, they select bars from which blanks can be sawn off for parts of the desired length (Fig. 3). The blanks are taken with an allowance - a little more than the desired size in length, width and thickness.

Sawn blanks are planed according to the dimensions indicated in the technical drawing. After such processing, the blanks are marked in length and the allowance is sawn off.

Rice. 1. Stretcher. 2 pcs

Rice. 2. Wheelbarrow

Rice. 3. Parts of the stretcher

Rice. 4. Assembly of stretcher parts

Then proceed to the final processing of parts. Blanks for handles are rounded at the ends, and for blanks for the side walls of the body, the corners are rounded. All parts are cleaned with sandpaper and interconnected with nails and screws (Fig. 4). The finished product is once again cleaned with sandpaper.

Do not forget that before you wrap the screw, you must either drill a hole in the part or prick it with an awl (why?).

Here is a general work plan for the manufacture of stretchers:
1. After reviewing the technical drawing, sample, select the necessary materials, tools.
2. Make two handles.

Rice. 5. Heating stretcher handles according to size

3. Make legs.
4. Make the body of the stretcher.
5. Collect the product, process it with sandpaper.
6. Take the sample apart.
7. Measure the length, width and thickness of all parts.
8. Pick up blanks for parts of the stretcher from the sawn bars.
9. Calculate the total length of all body walls.

Stretcher handles

First, the bars for the handles must be cut to the dimensions (width and thickness) indicated on the technical drawing. Then the blanks are marked with a pencil r, a ruler and a square. Mark the length of the handle (leaving an allowance for sawing off) and the places where the bar should be rounded.

Very often there are defects at the ends of the bars. Therefore, the markup must be carried out so that these defects can be removed (Fig. 5). Saw off parts in a miter box.

Rice. 6. Rounding the handles in the clamps of the workbench

The ends of the handles are rounded with a planer. The bar is fixed on a workbench, as shown in Fig. 6.

First, thick chips are removed (Fig. 7, a), and then thinner and thinner (Fig. 7, c). When rounding the corners of the bar, you need to turn it all the time, especially when thin chips are removed. Try to cut the handle so that it is round at the ends.

In the same sequence, the second handle for the stretcher is made.

Rice. 7. Rounding Stretcher Handles:

Particular attention should be paid to the processing of rounded surfaces. After all, it is very convenient to hold a round pen in your hand; when working, scratches and calluses will not appear on the fingers and palms.

The handle fixed in the clamps of the workbench is covered with a fabric-based skin and, moving it, the part is cleaned across the fibers (Fig. 8). After that, the block is wrapped with sandpaper and the part is processed along the fibers (Fig. 9).

A well-sanded handle turns out to be round in shape, there are no scratches, protrusions and corners on it. The quality of the work is checked by carefully examining the manufactured part and comparing it with the sample.

Fig.8. Stripping a round handle with a tape of sandpaper

Rice. 9. Scraping a round handle with sandpaper on a pillow

The following is a work plan for making a pen:
1. Pick up the preparations and cut them to size.
2. Mark the length and outline the border of the rounding of the parts.
3. Saw off the allowance along the length of the blanks,
4. Round the ends of the handles with a planer.
5. Sand the parts.

Body

The body of the stretcher is very similar to the body of a dump truck, which does not have a tailgate. The body is assembled from four parts: three walls and a bottom. Two walls are slightly longer than the third, and the width and thickness of all walls is the same.

Before proceeding with the manufacture of body parts, you must carefully read the technical drawing and sample, draw up a work plan.

Rice. Fig. 10. Rounding of the corners of the side walls of the body of the stretcher: a - marking according to the template; b - heating the corner; c - corner rounding

First, workpieces are selected and planed exactly in size (width and thickness). Then the bars are marked along the length and the allowance is sawn off in the miter box. For longer pieces, round the corners. Mark the places of rounding according to the template.

You can round the corners with a chisel and a file. But it is better and faster to cut the corners with a saw, and then round with a chisel and process with a file (Fig. 10).

All parts are carefully cleaned with sandpaper and the body is assembled. First, the side walls are connected with nails, and then the bottom is nailed to them. After that, the entire body is again treated with sandpaper.

Work plan for the manufacture of the body of the stretcher:
1. Select materials and cut blanks of a given size.
2. Mark the length of the parts and saw off the allowance.
3. Mark the corners on the template with the rounding of the side walls and round off the corners.
4. Sand the parts.
5. Connect the side walls with nails.
6. Connect the side walls of the body with the bottom with nails.
7. Sand the body.

Product assembly

All the main parts of the stretcher (handles, legs, body) are made. It remains only to connect them together, and the stretcher is ready.

Nails and screws are required to connect individual parts and parts of the stretcher. The body is attached to the handles with nails 1-5-20 mm long, and then with screws of the same length. You can use screws with countersunk and semicircular heads. The legs are fixed with screws 25-30 mm long. Remember how to properly connect the parts with screws.

Stretcher assembly:
1. Mark the places for driving in nails and screwing in screws, connect the body and handles to each other.
2. Connect the legs and handles with screws.
3. Sand the stretcher.
4. Cover the finished product with drying oil or varnish.

- Manufacture of wooden stretchers