Thank you in Polish. Polish words that are similar to ours, but mean something completely different

Then, in the control panel of the panel, select "Keyboard".
In the window that appears, select the "Language" tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. If Russian is selected as the main language, then select the language "English", click on the "Make it the main", "OK" button, and then restart the computer.

In the Keyboard window, on the Language tab, click the Add button.
In the Add Language window that appears, select Language Polish.
Click "OK", the "Keyboard" window will remain. Highlight the language "English", click "Delete".
The program will ask you to insert a distribution disk.

Usually a reboot is required after this.
After the reboot, select menu Start | Setting | Control Panel.
In the Control Panel, select "Keyboard".
In the window that appears, select the "Language" tab.
Highlight the Language "Polish" and click the "Properties" button.
In the "Language Properties" window that appears, select the "Polish (programmer)" layout.
Click OK.
The program will ask you to insert a distribution disk.

Windows NT with Service Packs installed already supports Eastern European languages.
All you have to do is add the "Polish (programmer)" keyboard layout, and then remove the "English" layout that has become unnecessary.

Windows ME (Millennium)

In the window that appears, select "Add or Remove Programs"
In the window that appears, select the "Install Windows" tab. Click on the "Multilingual Support" component. Press the "Composition" button and in the "Multilingual support" window that appears, check the "Languages ​​of Central Europe" box.
Click OK, OK.
The program will ask you to insert a distribution disk.

In the Control Panel window, select Keyboard.
In the Keyboard window, select the Language tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. If Russian is selected as the main language, then select the language "English", click on the "Set as default" button, and then "Apply".
Click on the "Add" button, in the "Add language" window, select the Language "Polish".
Click OK. In the remaining "Keyboard" window, select the language "English", click "Delete".
Highlight the language "Polish" and click the "Set as default" button and then "OK".
The program will ask you to insert a distribution disk. Then a message will appear stating that changing the language is not possible - do not pay attention to it.
Restart your computer.

Open the "Keyboarders" window from the "Control Panel", click on the "Language" tab, select the language "Polish", click the "Properties" button and in the appeared window "Language Properties" select the layout "Polish programmer", click "OK", " OK".
The program will ask you to insert a distribution disk.
Restart your computer.

Start menu | Setting | Control Panel.
In the window that appears, click on the "Language and Standards" icon
On the General tab, in the "System Language Options" list, check "Central Europe".
Click OK.
The program will ask you to insert the distribution disk (remember that the installation files are located in the "i386" subdirectory).
Restart your computer.

Then select "Keyboard" in the Control Panel.
In the window that appears, select the "Language and layouts" tab. You must have 2 languages ​​installed: Russian and English. Make English the main language (there should be a checkmark to the left of the name): select it and click on the "Set as default" button, then click on the "Apply" button.

Next, add the Polish language: click the "Add" button, in the window that appears, select Input language - "Polish", and Keyboard layout - "Polish (programmer)"; click OK.
In the remaining "Properties: Keyboard" window, select the "English" language in the "Installed languages ​​..." list, and click "Delete".
Then highlight the language "Polish" and click the "Set as default" button.
Then click OK.
Restart your computer.

Please note that in Windows "2000 you can use Polish characters in the Russian version in system fields (as file names or parameters).

Possible problems

Symptom: After installing the Polish layout, it became impossible to switch to the Latin alphabet when entering file names, passwords, in the browser address window...
Reason: You set the Polish keyboard incorrectly.
Remedy: Remove the Polish keyboard layout, set it to English instead, make it the main one (used by default). Then reboot and do everything exactly as it is written in our instructions, remembering to reboot where we have written about it.

Symptom: when trying to make the Polish layout the main one, a message is displayed that such a replacement is impossible.
Remedy: 1. Do everything as it is written in our instructions, ignoring such messages, but be sure to reboot after that.
2. See elimination of the previous cause.

Symptom: you did everything as written, and programs like Word correctly show Polish characters and allow you to enter them. But in other programs, abracadabra is displayed instead of Polish characters.
Reason: You may have changed code tables for coding 1250 (this is done, for example, so that PhotoShop would start writing in Russian).
Remedy: You need to return the old values.
Click "Start", select the "Run..." menu and type "regedit" in the "Open" window. The Registry Edit window will appear. In it, find the "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ ControlSet001\ Control\Nls\CodePage" branch. The parameter "1250" should be "c_1250.nls" (often replaced by c_1251.nls).
Do the same for the branch "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ ControlSet002\ Control\Nls\CodePage" and for "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control\Nls\CodePage".
Reboot your computer.
Now PhotoShop will not write in Russian, but you will be able to enter Polish characters normally.

P.S. Why "Polish Programming"?

There are 2 main Polish layouts: "Polish Standard" (like on a typewriter), and "Polish Programmer". In the Polish standard layout, in contrast to the English one, the location of the "Z" and "Y" keys, as well as ":", ";" has been changed. Using this layout is not very convenient.

You have done everything. How to type special Polish characters?

Change the current language to Polish (using Ctrl+Shift, Alt+Shift, etc., depending on your settings; or on the keyboard indicator).
To write "A," "C," "E," etc. press the right "Alt", and the corresponding base letter on the keyboard ("Alt+A", "Alt+C", etc.)
The only letter you can't write this way is "Z" with a dash. She enters the keyboard shortcut "Alt+X" ("X" is the next key after "Z").

These keyboard shortcuts work in all Windows programs.

Finally, when all your "torment" is over, we note that in emails it is allowed to do without the use of special Polish characters at all. ;-)

The Polish language is quite understandable to those who speak Russian, and even more understandable to those who speak Ukrainian. But there are some Polish words that just need to be learned, because they have a completely or slightly different meaning, and sometimes completely different.

We found a list of such words here: http://strelnikova.lv/ , we shortened it a little, but not much.

Here is the list itself:

Adidasy [adidas] - sneakers

Awans [avaᴴs] - promotion (advance - zaliczka)

Awantura [adventure] - scandal

Bania [bath] - a spherical object (bath - łaźnia [ўаҗння])

Bezpański [bespanski] - ownerless

Bezprawny [bespravny] - lawless

Biegły [runners] - experienced, skillful

Biegun [runner] - pole (runner - biegacz [runner])

Biegunka [runner] - diarrhea

Biesiada [beshchyada] - feast (conversation - rozmowa [rozmov])

Binokle [binoculars] - pince-nez (binoculars - lornetka [lernetka], glasses - okulary [eyepieces])

Biurowość [burovoshch] - office work

Biustonosz [buston] - bra

Blacha [plaque] - 1) tin, 2) stove, 3) baking sheet, (plaque - blaszka [plaque])

Bladey [whores] - pale

Blisko [blisko] - 1) close, 2) almost, about. Blisko trzy lata [blisko trzy lata] - about three years.

Błąd [bўont] - mistake, delusion. Błędny [bўendny] - erroneous

Błoto [boto] - 1) mud, slush, 2) swamp

Bok [side] - side, side, edge. Boczny [barrels] - side. Boczek [bochek] - brisket. Zboczyć [zbochyҷ] - turn to the side. On the side! [sideways] - Step aside!

Brak [marriage] - 1) lack, lack, 2) marriage in production. Brakować [marriage] - not to get, not enough. Brakuje mi czasu [marry mi hour] - I do not have enough time

Bratanek [bratanek] - nephew (son of a brother). Bratanica [brother] - niece (brother's daughter)

Bratowa [brotherly] - brother's wife

Broń [armor] - weapon. Bronić [armor] - to protect. Wzbronić [to take off] - to prohibit. Palenie wzbronione [palenie vzbronene] - no smoking

Bufet [buffet] - snack bar. Bufetowa [bufetova] - barmaid

Bukiet z jarzyn [a bunch of zazhyn] - vegetable stew

Bydło [bydўo] - livestock

Całować [caўovaҷ] - kiss

Cały [caўy] - 1) whole, whole, 2) unharmed

Cel [target] - target

Celny [tselny] - 1) well-aimed, 2) customs. Urząd celny [zhont tselny] - customs (cło [tsўo] - duty)

Celować [target] - aim

Chałupnik [haўupnik] - handicraftsman, homeworker. Chałupnictwo [haўupnitstfo] - handicraft

Chmura [frown] - a cloud

Chodnik [hodnik] - 1) sidewalk, 2) rug, carpet

Chować [hovaҷ] - 1) hide, 2) educate, raise. Wychowanek [vyhovanek] - pupil. Wychowawca [vyhowafets] - educator

Chronić [chronic] - protect, protect

Chudy [thin] - 1) thin. 2) low fat. Chude mięso [hude meso] - lean meat.

Ciasto [ҷisto] - dough. Ciasta (pl.) [ҷyasta] - muffin, pies. Ciastko [ҷyatko] - cake

Ciecz [ҷech] - liquid. Ciekły [ҷekўy] - liquid

Cieszyć [ҷeshyҷ] - to please. Cieszyć się [ҷeshyҷ shche] - rejoice

Ciśnienie [ҷshchnene] - pressure. Zmierzyć ciśnienie krwi [zmezhyҷ ҷischnene krvi] - measure blood pressure. Nadciśnienie [natҷishnene] - hypertension

Cudzoziemiec [tsudzoҗemets] - a foreigner

Cukier [zuker] - sugar. Cukier w kostkach [zuker f bones] - refined sugar

Czas [hour] - time. Nie mam czasu [no time for mom] - I don't have time. Przyjechać na czas [pshyehaҷ for an hour] - arrive on time. Czasowy [watch] - temporary. Czasopismo [hour writing] - magazine

Czaszka [cup] - skull

Czekolada [chekolyada] - chocolate. Tabliczka czekolady [tablet chekolyada] - a bar of chocolate. Czekoladka [chekolyatka] - chocolate candy

Czeremcha [cheremkha] - bird cherry

Czerstwy [cherstfy] - 1) stale, 2) healthy, strong. Czerstwy staruszek [cherstfy old woman] - peppy old man

Czesać się [chesaҷ shche] - comb your hair

Cześć [cheshch] - 1) respect, 2) honor. Czech! - Hey!

Część [cheᴴshchҷ] - part

Często [hundred] - often

Czuć [chuҷ] - to feel, to feel. Czuć się [chuzh shche] - to feel (about health). Czujność [chuinoschҷ] - 1) sensitivity, 2) vigilance. Czujnik [chuynik] - sensor (technical)

Czyn [chyn] - an act.

Czynić [chyniҷ] - to do. Czynić wrażenie [chyniҷy vrazhene] - to make an impression

Czynny [chynny] - active, active. Sklep czynny od 10 to 18 – the store is open from 10 to 18.

Dawka [dafka] - dose

Deka [deka] - 10 grams. Proszę o dwadzieścia deka masła [proshe o dwadzieścia deka masła] - Please give me 200 grams (i.e. 20 deka) of butter.

Deputat [deputat] - ration, payment in kind

Deputowany [deputovany] - deputy

Deska [desk] - 1) board, 2) deski (plural) - skis

Dewizy [devises] - currency

Dlaczego [for what] - why

Dlatego że [for tego zhe] - because

Dodatek [dodatek] - 1) application, 2) additive, increase

Dokładny [dokadny] - accurate, detailed

Dokonać [done] - to carry out

Domagać się [domagaķ sche] - demand, seek

Domyślić się [domyshliҷy shche] - guess

Doniosły [denunciations] - important, significant

Donośny [night] - loud

Dopisać [add] - 1) add, 2) nie dopisać - sum up. Pogoda nie dopisała [weather not added] - the weather failed (the weather was bad)

Dopływ [dopўyf] - inflow. Dopływ powietrza [dopўyf povetsha] - air flow. Dopływ Wisły [dopўyf visўy] - a tributary of the Vistula

Doskonalić [completely] - to improve. Doskonale [completely] - excellent, excellent

Dostać [get] - get. Dostać list [get the sheet] - get a letter

Dotyk [dotyk] - touch. Dotykać [dotykaҷ] - touch, touch. Nie dotykać eksponatow! [do not touch the exhibit] - do not touch the exhibits with your hands! Nietykalność [non-poking] - immunity

Dowodzić [argument] - 1) prove, 2) command

Dowolny [happy] - any

Dozorca [watchman] - janitor, watchman

Drobiazg [drobyask] - a trifle, a trifle

Drobny [fractional] - small. Drobne (plural) - small money. Drobnoustrój [fractional jet] - a microorganism

Duma [thought] - pride. Dumny [dumny] - proud

Dworzec [dvozhets] - station. Dworcowy [palace] - station (palace - pałac [paўats])

Dwuosobowy [dvuosobovy] - double

Dwuznaczny [double] - ambiguous

Dynia [melon] - pumpkin (melon - melon [melyon])

Dywan [dyvan] - carpet (sofa - kanapa)

Dział [dҗyaў] - department.

Działać [dҗyaўaҷ] - to act. Telefon nie działa - the telephone does not work. Działacz [dҗyaўach] - figure

Działka [dҗyaўka] - personal plot

Działo [dҗyaўo] - a tool, a cannon

Dzielny [dҗelny] - 1) energetic, 2) bold

Dzieło [dҗeўo] - 1) business, 2) work. Dzieło sztuki [dҗeўo pieces] - a work of art

Dziennik [dzhennik] - 1) newspaper, 2) diary

Dzierżawa [dҗerzhava] - rent

Dźwigać [dҗdvigaҷ] - 1) carry, drag, 2) lift. Dźwig [dҗyvik] - 1) elevator, 2) crane

Ekler [eclair] - zipper

Elektryczność [electric] - electricity. Maszynka elektryczna [electronic machine] - electric stove

Elementarz [elementash] - primer

Fatalny [fatal] - 1) fatal, fatal, 2) bad, unsuccessful. Fatalna pogoda - terrible weather.

Frykasy [frykasy] - a tasty dish, a delicacy

Frytki [frytki] - french fries

Gniewać się [anger yet] - 1) get angry, 2) quarrel

Gnuśny [ugly] - lazy

Godność [good] - 1) dignity, 2) high rank, 3) surname (and also surname - nazwisko). Godny [fit] - worthy. Jak pana (pani) godność? - What's your last name?

Godzić się [yearҗiҷy shche] - put up, agree

Godzina [year] - hour (Attention: in combinations dź, dzi it is pronounced very soft two [dҗy])

Golenie [shin] - shaving. Pędziel do golenia [pendel to the shin] - a shaving brush. Ogolić się [ogolić sche] - to shave.

Gospodarstwo [government] - farm. Gospodarz [lord] - owner, owner

Gotować [ready] - 1) cook, 2) cook. Gotowany [ready] - boiled. Zagotować [prepare] - boil. Zagotować się [preparation] - boil

Gotówka [gotufka] - cash

Góra [gur] - 1) mountain, 2) top. Górny [gorny] - upper. Górski [Gurski] - mountain

Groza [thunderstorm] - horror (thunderstorm - burza [bougha])

Gruby [rude] - thick. Gruby człowiek [rude person] - a fat person. Gruba książka [rude kshchoᴴshka] - a thick book. Grubość [rough] - thickness

Grunt [soil] - 1) soil, soil, 2) base. Gruntowny [gruntovny] - solid

Grzywna [gzhyvna] - fine

Gubić [gubiҷ] - to lose. Zgubić się [zgubić sche] - get lost

Gwałt [gvaўt] - 1) noise, scandal, 2) violence

Guzik [guҗik] - 1) button, 2) button (of the device)

Hurtowy [hurtowy] - wholesale

Hulajnoga [hulyaynoga] - scooter

Informator [informant] - reference book, guide

Izba [hut] - 1) room, room, 2) ward. Izba handlowa [handleva's hut] - chamber of commerce. Izba przyjęć [izba pshyyenҷ] - emergency room.

Jasny [clear] - 1) clear, 2) light. Piwo jasne [yasne beer] - light beer

Jubilat [anniversary] - hero of the day

Jubiler [jubilee] - jeweler

Jubileusz [anniversary] - anniversary

Jutro [yutro] - tomorrow. Do jutra! - till tomorrow!

Kaczka [pitching] - duck

Kawa [kava] - coffee, kawa prawdziwa [kava pravdҗiva] - natural coffee, kawa biała [kava byaўa] - coffee with milk (with cream), kawa rozpuszczalna [kava fluffy] - instant coffee

Kawaler [cavalier] - 1) gentleman, 2) bachelor.

Kawalerka [kavalerka] - one-room apartment (studio apartment)

Kilka [sprat] - 1) sprat, 2) several

Kokarda [cockade] - bow

Kolej [ruts] - 1) railway, 2) queue. Kolejowy [koleyovy] - railway. Kolejność [rut] - sequence.

Komora [komora] - camera

Komórka [komurka] - 1) cell of the body, 2) cell. Telefon komorkowy [komorkov's telephone] - cell phone (usually abbreviated as tel.kom.)

Korzystny [skinny] - profitable

Krawat [kravat] - tie

Kryształ [roof] - 1) crystal, 2) crystal, 3) granulated sugar

Krzesło [kshesўo] - chair (chair - fotel [fotel])

Krzywda [kshyvda] - damage, harm, resentment. Skrzywdzić [skshyvdҗiҷ] - offend

Kuchnia [kitchen] - kitchen. Kuchenka [kuhenka] - stove

Liczba [lichba] - number. Liczyć [litchi] - 1) count, 2) count, 3) count (on someone). Licznik [personal] - counter. Liczny [personal] - numerous. Obliczenie [denounced] - calculation, counting. Rozliczać się [different] - pay off, pay off. Zaliczka [zalichka] - advance payment

List [sheet] - 1) letter, 2) document. Listonosz [listonosh] - postman. Listownie [Listovne] - in writing

Lista [list] - list

Liść [litsch] - leaf (tree)

Lód [lute] - ice. Sople lodu [nozzle ice] - icicles. Jazda figurowa na lodzie [Yazda figure on the ice] - figure skating. Jazda szybka na lodzie [yazda shypka on the ice] - speed skating. Lody [ice] - ice cream. Lodówka [lodufka] - refrigerator

Lustro [chandelier] - mirror (chandelier - żyrandol [zhyrandol])

Łóżko [ushko] - bed

Łyżka [vyshka] - spoon

Magazyn [shop] - warehouse. Magazynować [store] - store (shop - sklep [crypt])

Majaczyć [ball] - rave

Masło [masŞo] - butter (vegetable oil - olej [olej])

Mech [meh] - moss (fur - futro)

Mecz [mech] - match

Miecz [sword] - sword

Mąka [moᴴka] - flour

Męka [meᴴka] - mýka

Miasto [place] - city

Miejsce [mejsce] - place

Mieszkać [bag] - live, live (where). Mieszkaniec [meshkan] - a resident. Zamieszkać [stay] - settle

Młodzieniec [moodzhenets] - a young man (baby - niemowlę [nemovle])

Mydło [mudўo] - soap. Mydlić [mydliҷ] - to lather. Mydlany [mydlyany] - soapy.

Mylić się [myliҷy shche] - to make mistakes, to be mistaken. Mylny [soapy] - erroneous.

Nabrać [dial] - 1) dial, 2) deceive, fool

Nabyć [nabyҷ] - to purchase. Nabytek [nabytek] - acquisition, purchase

Nadawać [press] - 1) give, 2) send (message), 3) transmit (by radio). Nadajnik [nadaynik] - (radio) transmitter. Nadawca [nadafets] - the sender.

Na dobitek [on dobitek] - in addition

Nadziewać [nadzhevaҷ] - stuff, stuff. Cukierki nadziewane [tsukerki nadziewane] - sweets with filling

Nagły [nagy] - 1) sudden, unexpected, 2) urgent, urgent. Nagle [brazenly] - suddenly, suddenly

Nakrycie głowy [covering gўovy] - a headdress. Nakrycie stołu [covering the stand] - cutlery

Napiwek [napivek] - tips

Naprawić [direct] - repair, repair. Naprawa [right] - repair, repair

Narodowość [people's] - nationality

Niedziela [week] - Sunday (week - tydzień [tydҗen])

Niepotrzebny [nepotshebny] - unnecessary

Obcy [options] - 1) alien, 2) outsider, 3) foreign. Język obcy [language optsy] - a foreign language. Obcym ​​wstęp wzbroniony [optional fstamp are reserved] - entry is prohibited for outsiders.

Obecnie [obecne] - now, now. Obecny [obetsny] - 1) present, 2) present. Nieobecny [neobetsny] - absent.

Obóz [obus] - camp. Obóz turystyczny [obus turystychny] - tourist camp.

Image [image] - picture

Obywatel [philistine] - a citizen. Obywatelka [philistine] - citizen

Odpowiedź [answer] - the answer. Odpowiedzialność [reply] - responsibility.

Ogród [ogrut] - garden. Ogród zoologicalzny [ogrut zoological] - zoo

Okazja [okazya] - a case. Z okazji [from occasion] - on occasion

Okład [okўat] - compress (salary - pensja, pobory)

Okładka [okўatka] - cover

Okoliczność [narrow] - a circumstance. Zbieg okoliczności [running round] - a combination of circumstances

Ołówek [oўuvek] - pencil

Opady [falls] - precipitation

Opalać [scorch] - 1) heat, 2) burn. Opalać się [opalyazh shche] - to sunbathe. Opalony [scorched] - tanned

Ordynarny [ordinary] - rude

Owoc [sheep] - fruit. Krem owocowy [sheep cream] - fruit cream

Ozdoba [chill] - decoration. Ozdobny [cool] - elegant

Palić [paliҷ] - 1) burn, 2) heat (stove), 3) smoke. Palenie [palene] - smoking. Paliwo [palvo] - fuel. Palacz [burner] - 1) smoker, 2) stoker. Paliarnia [palyarnya] - smoking room

Pamiętać [pamentaҷ] - remember. Zapamiętać [zapamentaҷь] - remember. Pamiętnik [monument] - diary (monument - pomnik)

Parówka [parufka] - sausage

Pensja [pensya] - salary, salary (pension - emerytura [emerytura])

Pędzić [pendҗiҷ] - 1) drive, 2) rush, run. Wypędzić [vypendҗiҷ] - expel. Dopędzić [dopendҗiҷ] - catch up

Pieczony [pechons] - fried. Pieczeń [liver] - roast. Pieczeń z rożna [liver from rye] - meat baked on a skewer

Pismo [letter] - 1) letter, font, 2) magazine, newspaper, 3) handwriting

Plecy [shoulders] - back (shoulders - ramiona [ramen])

Plotka [whip] - gossip

Płot [poot] - a fence. Płotki [pўotki] - sports barrier

Pobory [requisitions] - salary, salary

Pobór [pobur] - call, set

Pochodzić [walking] - to occur, to be born. Pochodzenie [pohodzene] - origin

Pociąg [poҷyoᴴk] - train. Pociąg pośpieszny [potsoᴴk pochshny] - fast train. Pociąg osobowy [poҷyoᴴk special] - passenger train

Podkolanówki [potkolyanufki] - golfs

Podobać się [likely] - like

Podrożnik [plantain] - traveler

Podstawa [potstava] - base, foundation. Podstawowy [potstaws] - the main one. Szkoła podstawowa [school of potstavova] - basic school. Bezpodstawny [bespotstavny] - unreasonable

Pogrzeb [pogzhep] - funeral (cellar - piwnica, winiarnia)

Pojazd [belt] - a means of transportation. Pojazdy mechaniczne [mechanic belts] - vehicles (train - pociąg)

Pokój [rest] - 1) world, 2) room, hotel room

Pokwitować [pokfitovaҷ] - sign (in receipt)

Południe [afternoon] - 1) noon, 2) south. Południowy [after] - southern

Portfel [portfolio] - wallet

Porwać [break] - 1) break, 2) steal, 3) grab. Porwać w objęcia [break into a hug] - grab into an embrace

Posłać [posўaҷ] - 1) send, 2) lay. Posłanie [post] - bed

Potrawa [grass] - food, dish. Potrawka [potrafka] - boiled meat with sauce

Powolny [free] - slow. Proszę mówić powolniej [please take it easy] - please speak more slowly

Pozdrawiać [congratulations] - welcome. Pozdrowienie [congratulations] - hello, greeting. Proszę pozdrowić pana A. - please say hello to Mr. A.

Poziom [sing] - level. Poziom wody [drinking water] - water level

Poziomki [poҗёmki] - strawberries

Pozór [pozur] - view. Pozorny [shameful] - apparent, imaginary.

Pożytek [pozhytek] - benefit

Północ [puўnots] - 1) midnight, 2) north. Północny [puўnotsny] - northern

Pralka [pralka] - washing machine

Prawnik [pravnik] - lawyer

Przeciwny [psheҷivny] - the opposite. Z przeciwnej strony [z przeciwnej strony] - from the opposite side

Przedawniony [pshedavnyony] - overdue

Przelot [pshelet] - flight. Przelotny [psheletny] - fleeting. Przelotne opady [psheletne opady] - short-term precipitation.

Przychodnia [pshyhodnia] - polyclinic

Przyjaźń [pshyyaҗyn] - friendship

Przykład [pshykўat] is an example. Na przykład - for example

Przypadek [pshypadek] - a case. Przypadkiem [pshpatkem] - by chance

Przysługa [przysługa] - service

Pukać [fart] - knock

Puszka [cannon] - a tin can. Puszka szprotek [sprat cannon] - a can of sprats

Puzon [puzon] - trombone

Pyszny [lush] - 1) arrogant, arrogant, 2) luxurious

Early [early] - morning. Z rana - in the morning

Renta [rent] - 1) pension (including disability), 2) rent

Restauracja [restauracja] - restaurant

Rodzina [rodҗina] - family

Rogatka [slingshot] - barrier

Rok [rock] - year

Rosół [rosuў] - broth. Kura w rosole [chicken in rosole] - chicken broth

Rozgłos [rozgўos] - fame, popularity. Rozgłośnia [rozgoshchnya] - radio station

Rozebrać [rosebraҷ] - 1) disassemble (into parts), 2) undress. Rozebrać się [rozebraҷsh sche] - undress

Roskaz [roskas] - an order. Roskazywać [telling] - to order

Rozkład [roskat] - 1) schedule, 2) location, layout

Rozkosz [luxury] - pleasure. Rozkoszny [luxurious] - beautiful, wonderful

Rozprawa [punishment] - discussion

Rozrywka [rozryfka] - entertainment. Rozrywkowy [rozryfkovy] - entertaining

Roztrzepaniec [rostshepanets] - curdled milk

Róg [hands] - 1) horn, 2) corner (of the street). Na rogu [on the horn] - on the street corner

Równik [ruvnik] - equator

Ruch [ruh] - movement. Ruchomy [ruhoma] - movable. Ruszyć [rushiҷ] - 1) touch, 2) move, move. Poruszyć się [porushiķi sche] - move, move. Fabryka ruszyła – the factory was put into operation

Rutyna [routine] - experience, skill. Rutynowany [rutynovany] - experienced

Samochód [samohut] - car

Setka [setka] - 1) a hundred, 2) woolen fabric (colloquial)

Siatka [shield] - mesh

Silnik [shiler] - engine

Siostrzeniec [shestshenets] - nephew (sister's son). Siostrzenica [shcheshenitsa] - niece (sister's daughter)

Skala [rock] - scale, scale

Skała [skaўa] - rock

Skarb [skarp] - treasure, treasure. Skarbnica [treasury] - treasury

Skazać [say] - sentence, condemn

Sklep [crypt] - shop

Skupić się [stingy more] - focus

Słonina [shonina] - lard

Słój [suy] - glass jar

Słuchacz [sukhach] - listener. Słuchawka [sukhahka] - handset. Słuchawki [sukhahki] - headphones

Smutek [smutek] - sadness. Smutny [vague] - sad, sad

Sopel [sopel] - icicle

Spadek [spadek] - 1) fall, decline, 2) slope, 3) inheritance. Spadzisty [spadist] - steep (slope). Spadochron [spadochron] - parachute

Spinać [back] - to chip off, fasten. Spinka [back] - hairpin, cufflink

Spodnie [underneath] - trousers. Spodenki [spodenki] - cowards. Spódnica [spudnitsa] - skirt

Spotykać (się) [stumble yet] - to meet (sya). Spotkanie [spotted] - meeting

Sprawdzić [reference] - check

Sprawić [refer] - cause. Sprawić wrażenie [correct the enemy] - to impress. Sprawić przyjemność [sprawić przyjemność] - give pleasure

Sprowadzić [sprovadҗiҷ] - 1) bring, 2) bring, 3) cause

Sprzątać [spshontaҷ] - remove (in the room, from the table). Sprzątaczka [spshontachka] - cleaning lady

Ssać [sas] - to suck. Ssaki [pisses] - mammals

Statek [statek] - ship, ship. Statki [stats] - dishes

Stoisko [stoisko] - stand, section (in the store)

Stołek [stoўek] - stool

Stół [stuў] - table. Proszę do stołu [please to stand] - I ask to the table

Stroić [build] - 1) dress up, decorate, 2) tune a musical instrument (build - budować). Stroić się [building yet] - dress up. Strojny [slender] - elegant. Strój [jets] - outfit, costume. Strój ludowy [ludov's jets] - national costume

Sukienka [cloth], suknia [cloth] - dress

Sypalnia [sepulcher] - bedroom. Sypalny [sypalny] - sleeping

Szaleć [shaleҷ] - go crazy

Szklanka [bottle] - a glass

Szorować [shorovaҷ] - wash, rub (with a brush)

Szpik [fat] - bone marrow

Szpulka [bobbin] - coil

Sztuka [piece] - 1) art, 2) play, 3) piece, piece. Sztuka wschodnia [thing fskhodnya] - oriental art. Sztuczny [piece] - artificial

Szybki [caps] - fast. Szybkość [shypkoshch] - speed

Ślub [schlup] - marriage. Wziąć ślub [take a schlup] - to marry

Śmietana [schmetan] - sour cream. Śmietanka [schmetanka] - cream. Bita śmietana - whipped cream

Świat [shit] - the world. Światowy [shfiatovs] - worldwide. Światopogląd [schfyatopogląt] - worldview

Światło [shyatło] - light. Oświetlenie [oschfetlene] - lighting. Oświata [oshfiata] - enlightenment

Świetnie [schfetne] - excellent, excellent

Święto [schfento] - a holiday. Wesolych Swiat! [funny lucky] - Happy Holidays! (traditional greeting)

Święty [shfenty] - a saint. Pismo Święte [letter schfente] - Holy Scripture

Tabela [sheet] - table

Tablica [table] - plate, board (school, memorial), scoreboard. Tabliczka mnożenia [multiplication plate] - multiplication table. Tabliczka czekolady [tablet chekolyada] - chocolate bar

Tabor [tabor] - 1) convoy, 2) park (cars, etc.)

Taternictwo [taternitstfo] - mountaineering in the Tatras

Termin [term] - 1) term, 2) term. Przez terminem - ahead of schedule

Teść [teshch] - father-in-law, father-in-law. Teściowa [teshchyova] - mother-in-law, mother-in-law

Tłusty [thusty] - greasy, greasy. Tłusta śmietana [tusta schmetan] - fatty sour cream. Tłuszcz [tўushch] - fat

Torba [sack] - a bag. Torebka [torepka] - 1) handbag, 2) package

Traktat [treatise] - an agreement. Traktat pokojowy [treatise of pokojowy] - a peace treaty

Twarz [tfash] - face. W tej sukni jest pani do twarzy [f tej sukni eat pani to tfazhy] - this dress suits you

Ubić [kill] - 1) tamp, 2) beat

Ubiegły [runaways] - past, past. W ubiegłym roku - last year

Ubierać się [remove] - dress

Uciekać [uҷekaҷ] - to run away. Uciezcka [uҷechka] - flight. Wyciezcka [cut] - excursion

Ucieszyć (się) [uҷeshiҷ shche] - to please (sya)

Uczciwy [uchyvy] - honest, conscientious

Ukłon [ukon] - bow, hello. Ukłonić się [ukўoniҷ shche] - bow

Ukrop [dill] - boiling water

Ulotka [snail] - leaflet

Umysł [intention] - mind, mind. Umysłowy [Umysўovy] - mental. Umyślny [intelligent] - intentional

Upływać [upўyvaҷ] - expire, pass (about time). Term upływa - the term expires

Upominać [mention] - to teach, to make a remark. Upominać się [mention more] - demand. Upomnienie [mentioned] - remark, reminder. Upominek [mention] - a gift

Uprawa [government] - 1) tillage, 2) breeding, cultivation. Uprawiać [manage] - 1) cultivate, process, 2) engage. Uprawa buraków [burakuf council] - beet growing. Uprawiać sport [manage sports] - play sports

Uroda [beauty] - beauty

Urok [charm] - charm. Uroczy [lessons] - charming. Uroczystość [urochistoshch] - festival, celebration

Ustać [tired] - stop, stop. Deszcz ustał [deshch ustaў] - the rain has stopped

Uśmiech [uschmeh] - smile. Uśmiechać się [uśmiechać sche] - smile

Uwaga [respect] - 1) attention, 2) note, note. Zwrócić uwagę [zvruҷiҷ uvage] - pay attention. Uważny [respectful] - attentive. Uważać [respect] - 1) be attentive, 2) consider, believe. Zauważać [respect] - to notice.

Waga [vaga] - 1) weight, 2) scales. Ważyć [important] - 1) weigh, 2) weigh. Ważny [important] - 1) important, 2) valid (about the document). Ile dni jest ważny ticket? - How many days is the ticket valid for? Upoważnić [respect] - empower

Wesele [wesele] - wedding

Widzieć [vidҗeҷ] - to see. Widzieć się [vidҗeҷ sche] - to see each other. Do widzenia! [to vizen] - goodbye! Punkt widzenia [widzenia point] - point of view. Widno [seen] - light. Robi się widno [a robe is visible] - it's dawning. Widnokrąg [visible kroᴴk] - 1) horizon, 2) outlook

Wieprzowina [vepshovina] - pork

Winnica [vinnitsa] - vineyard

Winny [Winny] - 1) wine, 2) guilty

Własny [vasny] - own. Własność [vўasnoshҷҷ] - 1) property, 2) property. Właściciel [vўashҷiҷel] - owner, owner. Właściciel samochodu [vashchҷiҷel self-propelled] - the owner of the car.

Właśnie [vaschne] - exactly

Włókno [voukno] - fiber. Włóczka [vўuchka] - yarn. Włókiennictwo [wukennictfo] - textile production

Wniosek [introduced] - 1) proposal, 2) conclusion, conclusion. Who jest za wnioskiem? - Who's up for the offer?

Woda [water] - water. Wodociąg [vodoҷyoᴴk] - plumbing. Wodotrysk [water jet] - fountain

Wołowina [wołowina] - beef

Woń [stink] - smell, aroma. Wonny [won] - fragrant.

Wschód [fshut] - 1) east, 2) sunrise. Wschodni [fskhodni] - eastern

Wstęp [fstamp] - input. Wstęp wolny [vstamp are free] - admission is free. Wstępny [fstampny] - introductory. And also the “Entrance” will be wejście [wejście]. "Exit" - wyjście [exit]. Występ [vystamp] - 1) protrusion, 2) performance.

Wtyczka [flap] - plug

Wybaczyć [vybachyҷ] - forgive, excuse

Wybitny [knocked out] - outstanding

Wyborca ​​[voter] - voter

Wyborny [elected] - excellent, wonderful

Wybryk [vybryk] - trick

Wybuch [bulge] - explosion, eruption. Wybuchać [bulging] - 1) explode, 2) get annoyed

Wychylać (się) [vyhylyaҷy shche] - stick out (sya). Nie wychylać sig! - Do not stick out!

Wydawać [give out] - 1) give out, 2) release, 3) spend.

Wydawca [issuer] - publisher. Wydawnictwo [vydavnitsfo] - 1) publishing house, 2) edition.

Wydatek [vydatek] - expense. Ponosić wydatki [ponoshchiy vydatki] - bear the cost. Wydatkować [issue] - to spend.

Wypadek [vypadek] - case, incident

Wzór [vzur] - 1) sample, 2) drawing, pattern. Wzorcowy [vozortsovy] - exemplary, standard

Zabawa [fun] - 1) game, entertainment, 2) party. Zabawa taneczna [tanechna fun] - dance evening. Zabawka [zabafka] - a toy

Zabieg [zabek] - medical procedure, operation. Zabiegi [runs] - measures

Zabytek [zabytek] - a monument of antiquity. Zabytkowy [zabytkovy] - old

Zachcianka [zahҷyanka] - whim, whim (chcieć [хҷеҷъ] - want)

Zachód [zahut] - 1) west, 2) sunset, 3) chores. Zachodni [entrances] - western. Bez zachodu - no hassle

Zakazać [order] - prohibit. Zakaz [zakas] - prohibition. Zakaźny [zakaҗny] - infectious, contagious

Zakład [sunset] - an enterprise, an institution. Zakład krawiecki [sunset krawiecki] - fashion studio. Zakładowy [zakadovy] - factory

Zakon [law] is a monastic order. Zakonnik [lawyer] - a monk. Zakonnica [lawyer] - nun

Zaliczka [zalichka] - advance payment

Zamach [swing] - attempt. Zamach stanu [I will swing] - a coup d'état

Zamiar [zamyar] - intention. Mam zamiar ... [mam zamyar] - I intend (I have the intention) ... Zamierzać [interchange] - intend

Zamordować [zamordovaҷ] - kill

Zapamiętać [zapamentaҷ] - remember

Zapominać [remember] - to forget. Zapomnieć [remember] - forget. Proszę nie zapomnieć - please don't forget. Niezapominajka [remembrance] - forget-me-not.

Zaprosić [request] - invite. Zaproszenie [requested] - an invitation

Zapytać [try] - ask

Zarazek [zarazek] - bacillus, bacterium

Zasada [ambush] - basis, principle. W zasadzie [in ambush] - in principle

Zastanowić się [stand still] - to think, to think over. Zastanowić się nad sensem życia [stop nat seᴴsem zhyҷya] - think about the meaning of life

Zastępować [zastępovaҷ] - replace, replace. Zastępca [zastępta] - deputy

Zatelefonować [zatelefonovaҷ] - call by phone

Zatrudnić [difficulty] - to provide work, to hire. Zatrudnienie [difficulty] - work, occupation. Zatrudnienie niepełne [difficulty nepeŞne] - part-time employment

Zawał [zavaў] - heart attack

Zawód [name] - profession, specialty. Zawodowiec [factory worker] - professional, specialist.

Zawody [factories] - competitions, competitions. Zawodnik [factory] - competitor

Zawodzić [factory] - deceive, let down

Zdanie [building] - 1) opinion, 2) sentence (grammatical)

Złodziej [zadҗey] - thief

Znajdować się [know more] - to be. Gdzie się znajduje?.. [where else do you know] - where is it?..

Zniżać [lower] - to reduce. Zniżka [zniska] - discount, price reduction. Bilet zniżkowy [zniżkowy's ticket] - reduced ticket

Zrozumieć [understand] - understand. Zrozumiały [understandable] - understandable

Żagiel [zhagel] - sail. Żeglarstwo [Żeglarstfo] - 1) sailing, 2) sailing. Żeglować [zheglyovaҷ] - sail on a ship

Żałoba [zhaўoba] - mourning

Żałować [zhaўovaҷ] - to regret

Żarówka [zarufka] - light bulb

Żelazo [zhelazo] - iron. Żelazko [zhelasko] - iron

Żurnal [magazine] - fashion magazine (all other types of magazines are called czasopismo [hours writing])

Żyletka [vest] - blade (vest - kamizelka [kamizelka])

Żywność [live] - food

Something like this. You can simply memorize some of the words, and develop associations in parts. If you know more similar words - write in the comments.

It will also be interesting:

Common phrases
	Dziekuje, dzieki	Dzhenkue, dzhenki
You are welcome
Sorry		Przheprazham
Hello		Jien' are kind
Goodbye		Before vision
I don't understand		We don't understand
What is your name?	Jak masz na imie?	Yak mazh on imie?
		Goodbye, ok
where is the toilet?	Gdzie sątoalety	Where are the sleep toilets?
how much is it?	Ile to kosztuje?	Ile then Koshtue?
One ticket to...		One ticket to…
What time is it now?		Who is the gojin?
Do not smoke		Fire order
Do you speak English?	Czy mowi pan po angielsku	Ji movie pan in English?
Where is…?		Where is eating...?
I'm from Russia		Gesture with Rosy
Hotel
I need to book a room	Potrzebuję do rezerwy	Potshebuen to reserves
I want to pay the bill	Chcę zapłacic rachunek	Khtsen cry rachunek
room, number
Store (shopping)
Cash		gotuvkon
Credit card	Dla bezgotowkowych	For non-prepared
To wrap up		Packed
No change
		Close, te
Very expensive		bardzo droge
Transport
trolleybus		Trolleybuses
Stop		Shut up
Please make a stop	Proszę przestać	Please ask
Arrival	Przyjazd	Pshizhyazd
Departure
The airport		Letnisko
emergency cases
help me		Help me
Fire Department		Fire Guardian
Ambulance		Having prepared
Hospital
	Bolesnie
Restaurant
I want to book a table	Chcę zarezerwować stolik	Xtsen reserve a table
Check please (bill)	Prosze o rachunek	Ask about rahuneck

Language of Poland

The official language in Poland is Polish. In parts of Russia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, Polish is also used as a second language. This phenomenon is caused by changes in borders, migrations and resettlements. The total number of people who speak Polish around the world is about 50 million people.

Polish belongs to the West Slavic group of Indo-European languages ​​together with Czech and Slovak. The Polish language has developed so much that texts written in the Middle Ages are incomprehensible to Poles and a dictionary is required to read them. Like other Indo-European languages, Polish has a Latin grammar and vocabulary.

There are a number of dialects in Poland that differ from standard Polish, but the differences between them are not significant and mostly relate to regional pronunciations and word changes. The most distinguishable are the dialects of Silesia and Podhale (highlander dialect).

The Polish alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet, using numerous di-, tri- and tetragraphs. The composition of the state language of Poland includes 32 letters.

Many words have been borrowed from German, French and English, and there are many words that can be spelled and pronounced the same but have a completely different meaning.

Do you have a Polish friend or an exchange student from Poland, Lithuania, Belarus or Ukraine? Are you planning a trip to Eastern Europe? Even though many Poles (especially the younger generation) speak enough English (which is international) to understand “Hi” or “Hello”, greeting people in their native language is a great way to strike up a conversation and make new friends. In Polish, just like in Russian, there are many ways to say hello. Knowing these various phrases (as well as traditions in Polish greetings) can be very helpful if you are eager to use them when meeting someone.

Steps

Part 1

Using common greetings

To say "hello" in Polish, say "cześć". This is a very common, although somewhat informal greeting, pronounced "cheshch". It can be difficult for non-native speakers to pronounce the word correctly. In Russian, the sound "ch" almost never comes after the sound "sh".

To say "good afternoon", use "dzień dobry". This greeting, which literally translates as "good afternoon", is pronounced "jen do-bri". The first syllable is consonant with the English name Jane ("Jane"). The "y" at the end sounds like the "i" in the English words "fin", "dinner" and "sick".

• This is a more formal way of saying hello, and would be appropriate for strangers or people you deal with in a professional setting (such as customers, bosses, teachers, and others).
• "Dzień dobry" also means "good morning".

1. To say "good evening", use "dobry wieczór". Pronounced as "DOB-ri VI-chor". "Dobry" is pronounced the same as in the phrase "dzień dobry". The letter W at the beginning of the word "wieczór" is pronounced like B, and not ka English UE.

   • Just like in Russian, this greeting can be used to greet people at sunset and before dark. "Dobry wieczór" has the same level of formality as "dzień dobry".

2. To say "hello/hello", use "hej". It is pronounced the same as the English word "hey". This is a very familiar and informal greeting. You should not use it in a formal situation or with people with whom you intend to maintain a professional relationship. It is better to use this greeting in the circle of close friends.

   • "Hey" in Polish is the same as "hello / great" in Russian.

3. Say "witam" if you're welcoming guests and acting like a host. The word is pronounced "wi-tam". The letter W in the first syllable is pronounced B. In the second syllable, the "a" sound is soft, as in the English word "apartment".

   Part 2

   Using traditional greetings

   1. When in doubt, choose semi-formal/formal greetings. In Poland, as in Russia, they usually do not greet strangers in the same way as friends. These greetings are more restrained and formal. Therefore, it is often better to use more formal expressions such as "dzień dobry" rather than rather risky "hej" or "cześć".

      • Of course, after getting to know a person, you can usually switch to informal greetings in everyday conversation. However, if you are still not fluent in Polish, it may be worth playing it safe and adjusting to the tone of your interlocutor.

   2. Use "Pan" or "Pani" when referring to a man or woman by their last name. Showing respect is a significant element when it comes to greetings in the Polish community, especially in a business/formal setting. Based on this, you might want to refer to people by their title until you get an offer to call them by their first name. If you don't know the honorific for the person, use "Pan" for men and "Pani" for women.

      • In the word "pan", the sound "ah" sounds soft, as in the English word "apartment".
      • "Pani" starts the same way as "Pan" and ends with an "and" sound, like in the English words "bee" or "see".
      • Polish surnames end in "ski", changing by gender. So the man will have the surname Polanski (Polanski), and the woman Polanska (Polanska).
      • Don't be offended if the person doesn't invite you to call them by their first name. Letting someone into your "inner circle" is a huge social step for the Poles. Many business and professional relationships last for years before they "take it to the next level."

   3. greet all at a social event, but first women. When you go out into the world, for example, to a party or corporate event, according to etiquette, it is important to say hello to everyone in the room. If you miss or ignore someone, it may be perceived as rude or disrespectful. Traditionally, in Polish society, women are the first to be greeted. But usually the host takes the opening speech, so, most likely, you should not worry about this.

      Shake hands in greeting and maintain eye contact. In parting, you can also shake hands (again with eye contact). If you are a man and a woman greets you by holding out her hand (palm down), take it, bend down and kiss it respectfully; never raise a woman's hand to your lips. It's a bit old-fashioned, but still considered good manners.

      Close friends and family members usually greet each other with a kiss on the cheek. Adult men and teenage boys who don't know each other well shake hands, and acquaintances often kiss each other on the cheek. And this is not a sign of romantic affection. This can be done without any hints by two people close to each other, for example, people of different or same sex, brothers and sisters, parents and children, and so on.

      • In Poland, two or three kisses are traditionally used - the first on the right cheek, the second on the left and again on the right.
      • Hugs are common among almost all Poles. Don't worry if an overly friendly host hugs you like you're old friends.

   4. Embrace the spirit of giving and receiving. During a visit, it is quite common for the guest to bring a small gift, such as a bouquet of flowers, candy, or alcohol. However, flowers are the most popular and expected. If you bring flowers, then their number must be odd.

      • Do not give chrysanthemums, they are often brought to funerals.
      • Refrain from very expensive gifts, as this may embarrass the host.
      • Do not be offended if you receive guests, but did not receive a gift. If you received it, don't forget to thank the person and see what it is.

   5. Don't be "prymitywny"! In Polish, a rude person who ignores social rules of etiquette is called "prymitywny" (literally, "primitive"). Luckily, avoiding this label is easy: all you have to do is make a sincere effort to greet people with respect and treat them with the dignity and kindness you would like to be treated. If you are not fluent in Polish, you may make a couple of minor etiquette mistakes while in the Polish-speaking community. But as long as you do your best to be polite and admit mistakes, you'll be fine. Anyone who criticizes you for minor flaws in a language you don't know is prymitywny.