Compound numerals in Russian. What question does the numeral answer? Simple, complex and compound numbers

Russian language lesson Grade 6

Kovaleva T.I., teacher of Russian language and literature
Settlement Central, Volodarsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region MBOU secondary school №45

Subject: "Simple, complex and compound numbers."

Lesson Objectives:

Open textbooks on page 147 § 60. Read the textbook material.

Tell us, using a slide, about groups of numerals? Who will try?
……, repeat what you said……

- communication of students from the history of numerals;

Eleven is formed from the expression "one by ten" and means "one over ten", ten in pronunciation has changed to twenty. Our ancestors counted "one in ten", "two in ten", that is, one plus ten, two over ten. Gradually merging three words into one gave us eleven, twelve, thirteen. This is how all the numerals of the second ten from 11 to 19 are formed.

The word million was coined by the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo. Having visited China in the 111th century, he could not find words to express his admiration for the wealth of this country. So he formed a new word from the Italian milli (which meant "thousand") and the particle -one (corresponding to the magnifying suffix -isch). Thus, the word million is literally translated as "thousands".

c) vocabulary work: one + on + twenty = eleven;

three + by + twenty = thirteen

4. Fixing

We got acquainted with groups of numerals by structure. Let's consolidate what we have learned by completing the following task.

Slide number 2.

Look at the slide.

Task: Choose and name simple numbers. How did you define it?

compound numerals

compound numbers

Simple: six sites, eleventh century.

Complicated: five hundred rubles, one hundred thousandth buyer.

Compound: two point five percent, thirty-fifth year.

Well done. You have completed the task.

List again the groups of numerals for which you were looking for examples.

- work on cards (2 people)

Distributive dictation: divide the numbers into two groups (simple and compound):

Three, forty-eight, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five, seventy-seven, five hundred and forty-two, three hundred and fifteen, six hundred and eighty-one, one million, two hundred and thirty-five thousand, nine hundred and seventy-one, one hundred and thirteen.

And now you will act as designers.

Task: You have parts of sentences with numerals on your desks. Make up 3 sentences and write in your notebooks.
- Read the sentences and name the group of numerals according to the structure in this proverb.
1. In the Russian language textbook three hundred sixty five pages.

(Composite).

2. We study in sixth class. (Simple).

3.The weight of the candies is fifty t kilogram. (Complicated).

4. Verification work.
And now let's check how much you have learned the topic of the lesson.

Task: Each of you has tasks with answer forms on your desks. Sign the form. Read the question carefully and write your answers on the blanks.

Slide number 3.
Look at the key.

sl p s p sl

Check that you are doing the right thing. Rate yourself, pass the papers.

Let's summarize the test.

Who did the job without mistakes? Hands up.

Who made 1 mistake?

Who failed?

I am glad that most of the class has learned to define groups of numerals according to the structure without errors, i.e. the goals set at the beginning of our lesson have been achieved.

In the next lessons, we will continue our acquaintance with numerals.

And today at the lesson received marks ...

Grading with a short commentary.

Exercise on house with recommendations (1 min.)

Slide number 4.

§ 60 p.147 Learn groups of numerals by structure.

Exercise 351

☼ optional: write out from newspapers or magazines 3

sentences with numerals, different in their structure.

This is :

Do you know that the number "seven" has been considered sacred since ancient times and was very common, which is why there are so many proverbs, sayings, phraseological units with this number.

Task: Remember and name examples.

Let me start. In seventh heaven, 7 Fridays in a week, pull down 7 skins, up to a seventh sweat, seven spans in the forehead, etc.

Literature.

Russian language. Grade 5 Textbook for educational institutions with an application on electronic media. At 2 o'clock / [T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, M. T. Baranova, L. A. Trostentsova and others; scientific editor N. M. Shansky]. - 2nd edition - M .: Education, 2013.
Raman T. V. Thematic and lesson planning in the Russian language: 5th grade: to the textbook by T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others “Russian language. 5th grade” / T. V. Raman. - M .: Exam, 2006. - 318, - (Series "Educational and methodological kit").
Shibalova L. V. Control and verification work in the Russian language: grade 5: to the textbook by T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and others. “Russian language: a textbook for educational institutions” / L. V. Shibalova. - 2nd edition, revised and supplemented - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2013.
Russian language lessons in grade 5: A book for the teacher / G. A. Bogdanova. - 2nd edition - M .: Education, 2003.
Egorova N.V. Pourochnye developments in the Russian language. Grade 5 - 2nd edition, revised - M .: VAKO, 2013

Card #1
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
One second of a kilometer, one fourth of the final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths.

Card number 2.
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
One second kilometer, one fourth final, seven hundred kilograms, five people, three days, five lessons, eighteen degrees, sixty years, three hundredths of a section, two sevenths
Card number 3
Exercise: Specify: simple ( P.); complex ( sl.); composite ( with) numerals.
There are three hundred and sixty-five pages in the Russian language textbook.

We are in the sixth grade.

The weight of sweets is fifty kilograms.

There are three hundred and sixty-five pages in the Russian language textbook.

In Russian, simple and complex numerals are expressed in one word. As a result, there are many difficulties in determining the category of the name of the numeral. This article describes the distinguishing features of simple and complex numerals, the features of their declension with examples.

Just like simple, complex numbers are expressed in one word. That is why many people have difficulty distinguishing between the words of these two categories. In order to accurately determine the category of a numeral by value, it is necessary to be able to see the composition of the word.

What is the difference between simple and complex numbers?

The number of simple numerals is not so great that it would be impossible to remember all of them. These include numbers from 0 to 20, as well as a word that stands for the number 30.

There are also few complex numbers. These are numbers from twenty to ninety and from two hundred to nine hundred. Complex quantitative and ordinal numbers have two roots, which are written together: thirty + twenty - thirty, five + ten - fifty.

In some simple numerals, historically, two roots can also be distinguished. These words include the names of numbers from 11 to 20 and 30. They include the full first part of the word one, two, four etc., preposition on the(in words 11 to 19) and an abbreviated version of the word " ten» – twenty. This is twenty has already lost its original meaning and has grown together with the first root of the word.

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Numbers play an important role in everyday life, with their help people determine the number of objects, count time, determine mass, cost and order in counting. Words that can be marked on a letter by writing letters and numbers are called numerals. Another definition sounds like this: numerals are words denoting the serial number of an object or quantity.

Grammatical signs of the numeral

All lexemes denoting whole and fractional numbers, as well as the number of people, animals or objects, are a special group of words, the composition of which is fully formed and does not change.

Such units are one of the important, or, as they say, significant parts of speech and can have several designations:

The concept of a number as such: five, ten, fifteen, and so on;

Number of certain items: two cars, six houses;

The combined value of several items that have been counted.

Accordingly, the questions to them sound like this: what is the number? which? how many? Depending on the meaning and the question to which the numeral answers, they are divided into several types (we will talk about this a little later).

For example: Thirty (subject) is divisible by ten. Six six - thirty six(nominal part of the predicate). Speaking about the place of numerals in a sentence, it should be noted that they can be both main and secondary members. Another feature is that the numeral as a part of speech is a non-replenished group of words. All forms used in oral and written speech are formed exclusively from the name of the numbers. In the syntactic construction, the numeral as a part of speech can be both in the composition of the main and part of the secondary member of the sentence.

Note! The numeral denoting quantity and the noun associated with it always act as one inseparable member of the sentence. For example: We walked until six in the morning. Swimming lessons start at 5:00. The girls collected twenty-five daisies.

Types of numerals

Next, you should highlight the initial form of the word being parsed, to which category it belongs (ordinal or cardinal number), structure (simple or compound) and the features of its declension in cases.

The next step is the definition of non-permanent features. These are case, gender and number, if any can be recognized.

In conclusion, the analysis describes the syntactic function of the word in the sentence, with which part of speech it is associated and whether it agrees with it. And although such an analysis of the name of the numeral is unlikely to be useful to anyone in life (except perhaps for future philologists), but for the correct use of words in speech and writing, it is simply necessary to be able to produce it.

Has ten parts of speech. They can be divided into interjections and non-interjections, into independent and service ones.

Independent non-interjectional parts of speech are divided into names, a verb and an adverb. There are three names in Russian: adjective, noun, numeral. Based on some signs, pronouns can also be attributed to them.

The numeral as a nominal part of speech

What words are numerals? What question does the numeral answer? How is the number inclined? Far from a complete list of issues related to the definition of the name of the numeral.

Like all nominal parts of speech, the numeral is characterized by declension according to the case paradigm. The nominative case is considered the initial form. There is no category of gender for numerals (an exception is numerals two,one, ordinal numbers and collective both/both). The category of number is not defined for this part of speech, except for ordinal numbers.

Numerals can be all members of the sentence. Often they fulfill the subject, definition or object. Rarely are they predicates and circumstances. Phrases of numerals and nouns are indivisible and act as one member of the sentence.

Grammatical digits of numerals

Leading scientists emphasize the insufficient formation of this part of speech. There is a group of linguists who do not recognize the numeral as a separate part of speech. In this regard, there are different opinions on the definition of the composition of numerals. In a narrow sense, only quantitative ones belong to the numeral: both compound numerals, and simple, and complex ones, and ordinal ones are included in the category of relative adjectives. In a broad sense, numerals include digits of quantitative and ordinal, as well as words that do not indicate a specific amount: so much, much, how much, little.

The numeral is a part of speech that serves to indicate the number, quantity and order of objects. Numerals answer the questions: how many? which? which? Examples: three, one hundred twenty-seven, first, both, four.

Quantity can also mean other parts of speech. Unlike them, numerals can be written not only in words, but also in numbers: five (or 5) hockey players (num.) - a great five (n.).

Simple and compound numbers

According to the number of words, numerals are: simple and compound. Simple ones consist of one stem, compound ones - of two stems or several words.

Simple - have one base (describe one number): one, three, eight.
Complicated - have two bases (describe two numbers), are written together: thirteen, seventy.
Compound - consist of several words, written separately: two thousand fourteen, one hundred and eighty.

In compound numerals, the number of words is equal to the number of significant digits, not counting zeros, but with the addition of the words thousand, million, etc. and taking into account the continuous spelling of complex numbers: 102 - one hundred and two, 1501 - one thousand five hundred and one.
Numerals ending in “-thousandth”, “-millionth”, “-billionth”, etc. are written together: five-thousandth (banknote), one hundred and twenty-millionth (budget).

Meaning and grammatical features

Depending on the meaning and use, numerals are divided into quantitative and ordinal.

There are other types of numerals that are usually not considered in the school curriculum: countable (single case, binary code), multiplicative (double impact, triple benefit), indefinitely quantitative (few, several). The classification of numerals is an ambiguous issue, since different authors and philologists distinguish different types of numerals. But in the school curriculum, everything is simple, quantitative and ordinal numbers are studied.

Morphological features

The numeral is a variable part of speech, numerals are declined according to cases. The initial form of the numeral is the nominative case.

All cardinal numbers (whole, collective, fractional) change in cases. The numeral one changes by gender (one, one, one) and numbers (one, one), the numeral two - by gender (two, two).

Ordinal numbers change in cases, numbers and genders. The ordinal number agrees with the noun, in the phrase the ordinal number is a dependent word: the first car, the second car, the third bell.

The main page of the site describes in detail the declension of all types of numerals with rules, exceptions and examples.

syntax function

Cardinal numbers can be any member of the sentence. Ordinal numbers are more often a definition, less often - a predicate and a subject.
Twenty is divisible by five (the numeral twenty is the subject).
Six six - thirty-six (the numeral thirty-six is the nominal part of the predicate).
We are traveling in the fifth car (numeral fifth - definition).
The war ended in 1945 (in 1945 - a circumstance of time).

A cardinal number in combination with a noun is one member of the sentence.
Eight employees of our company are going on a business trip tomorrow (eight employees are subject).
The working day starts at eight o'clock (at eight o'clock is a circumstance).

Numeral gender-

The numeral sex- can be written together, with a hyphen, separately.

It is written together: if it means “half” and is part of a compound word, the second part of which is a noun in the genitive case and begins with a consonant letter: half a kilo, half a kilometer, half a third, half an hour;
if it is part of adverbs: in a half turn, in an undertone;
the word half-liter and the word quarter are written together as part of compound words: quarterfinal. It is written with a hyphen: before a vowel, before the letter l, before a proper name: half an island, half a lemon, half Russia. It is written separately: if it has an independent meaning and correlates with the subsequent noun through an agreed definition: half a tablespoon, half a sugar bag.

Abbreviated spelling

Ordinal numbers can have one or two letters on the right (3rd, 21st), there are no other options. If part of the word is written as a number, and part as letters with its own root, then the increment on the right is not applied (10th anniversary, 2-ton, 3 percent). In all numbers, starting with five-digit ones, their whole part is divided by non-breaking spaces into groups of three characters: 18,789,300, 25,000 (but 200, 3700). If four-digit numbers are used in the same column or list with numbers of a higher order, then they are also divided into groups: 15,000, 2,000, 145,000. A non-breaking space in Windows is set by simultaneously pressing Alt + Shift + Space, for MAC - Alt + Space.

Spelling not with numerals

With numerals negation not written separately. Examples: not two, not the first in the list, not the zero meridian passes through our city.

The use of zero and zero

Both forms are allowed. Each form has its own rationale.

When counting, comparing, the form zero is more often used: zero is less than one, zero integers and one tenth.
In the terminological meaning, the form zero prevails: the sum is zero, the street temperature is kept at zero.
In stable expressions, both forms are found: zero attention, at twenty zero-zero, reduce to zero, temperature of absolute zero.
The adjective is often formed from the form zero: zero kilometer, zero mileage.