Cheat sheet: Automated production. Automation of technological processes and production

1. Levels of automation and their distinguishing features

Automation of production processes can be carried out at different levels.

Automation has a so-called zero level - if human participation in production is excluded only when performing work moves (spindle rotation, tool feed movement, etc.). Such automation is called mechanization. We can say that mechanization is the automation of work moves. It follows that automation involves mechanization.

Automation of the first level is limited to the creation of devices, the purpose of which is to exclude human participation when performing idling on individual equipment. Such automation is called automation of the work cycle in batch and mass production.

Idle hots in the norm of piece time, which determines the laboriousness of the operation, are taken into account in the form of auxiliary time t in and maintenance time t, etc.:

where t o is the main time, which takes into account the time of working moves, t o \u003d t p.x; t in auxiliary time, includes the withdrawal and supply of tools, equipment loading and control; t i.e. maintenance time spent on tool change, equipment setup, waste disposal and management; t org equipment maintenance time; t otd - rest time of the worker.

At the first level of automation, the working machines are not yet interconnected by automatic communication. Therefore, the transportation and control of the production object are carried out with the participation of a person. At this level, automatic and semi-automatic machines are created and used. On automatic machines, the work cycle is performed and repeated without human intervention. On semi-automatic machines, human intervention is required to complete and repeat the work cycle.

For example, a modern lathe multi-spindle machine performs turning, drilling, countersinking. reaming and threading on a bar stock. Such an automatic machine can replace up to 10 universal machines due to automation and combination of idle and working moves, high concentration of operations.

Automation of the second level is the automation of technological processes. At this level, the tasks of automating transportation, controlling the production facility, removing waste and managing machine systems are solved. As technological equipment, automatic lines, flexible production systems (FPS) are created and used.

An automatic line is an automatically operating system of machines installed in a technological sequence and united by means of transportation, loading, control, management and disposal of waste. For example, a line for the processing of a bevel gear of an automobile gearbox releases up to 20 workers and pays for itself in three years with an appropriate production program.

The automatic line consists of technological equipment, which is assembled for a certain type of transport and is connected with it by loading devices (manipulators, trays, lifts). The line includes, in addition to working positions, idle positions that are necessary for inspection and maintenance of the line.

If the line includes positions with the participation of a person, then the eye is called automated.

The third level of automation is complex automation, which covers all stages and links of the production process, from procurement processes to testing and dispatch of finished products.

Complex automation requires mastering all previous levels of automation. It is associated with high technical equipment of production and high capital costs. Such automation is effective for sufficiently large programs for the production of products of a stable design and a narrow range (production of bearings, individual machine assemblies, electrical equipment elements, etc.).

At the same time, it is complex automation that makes it possible to ensure the development of production as a whole, since it has the highest efficiency of capital expenditures. To show the possibilities of such automation, consider as an example 13m: a magical factory for the production of automobile frames in the United States. With the release of up to 10,000 frames per day, the plant has a staff of 160 people, which mainly consists of engineers and adjusters. At work without the use of complex automation, at least 12,000 people would be needed to carry out the same production program.

At the third level of automation, the tasks of automating the storage and inter-shop transportation of products with automatic addressing, waste processing and production management on the basis of the widespread use of computers are solved. At this level, human involvement is reduced to maintaining the equipment and keeping it in working condition.

2. Development of automation in the direction of technological flexibility and widespread use of computers

Flexible production systems are a set of technological equipment and systems for ensuring its operation in automatic mode in the manufacture of products that change in the nomenclature. The development of GPS is moving towards unmanned technology, which ensures the operation of equipment for a given time without the participation of the operator.

For each product, with given requirements for the quantity and quality of products, various variants of the FMS can be developed, differing in the methods and routes of processing, control and assembly, the degree of differentiation and concentration of technological process operations, types of transport-loading systems, the number of service vehicles (OTS), the nature of inter-aggregate and inter-sectional connections, constructive solutions for the main and auxiliary mechanisms and devices, principles for constructing a control system.

The technical level and efficiency of the HPS is determined by such indicators as the quality of products, the performance of the HPS and its reliability, the structure of the flow of components entering its input. It is with these criteria in mind that such problems as the choice of the type and quantity of process equipment, inter-operational storage, their capacity and location, the number of service operators, the structure and parameters of the transport and storage system, etc., should be solved.

Flexible manufacturing systems can be built from interchangeable, complementary, or mixed cells.

The figure shows a diagram of a flexible system of two interchangeable machining centers (MC) of the same type. Machining centers are serviced by two transport trolleys (robocars) that support the movement of material flows (parts, workpieces, tools). Automated control is common. If manual operations are allowed, then the operator must be given some discretion. The management of the joint work of the OC and the transport system is carried out from the central computer.

In the general case, the control of robocars is carried out from the central computer through an intermediate device or from a local control system (LCS). Transfer of commands to robocars can be carried out only at stops that divide the traffic routes into zones. The computer allows only one robocar to stay in a particular zone. The maximum movement speed can reach 1 m/s.

The upper part of the robocar can be hydraulically raised and lowered to perform reloading, unloading and loading operations. In case of failure or disconnection of control from the computer, the robocar can be controlled by the LSU.

There are various variants of robocars used as vehicles in the State Border Service. The most common option is when a robocar moves along a track (route, track) or other structure laid in the floor or on its surface. One of the tracing options is that a track is applied to the floor surface in the form of a strip (fluorescent, reflective, white with black edging), and the tracking is carried out by optoelectronic methods. The disadvantage is the need to monitor the cleanliness of the strip. Therefore, it is more common to trace robocars with an inductive conductor laid in a groove at a shallow depth (about 20 mm). Other interesting solutions are also known - using, for example, television navigation equipment for free movement in space under the control of a computer.

The source of supply of robocars with material flows is an automated warehouse with stackers that provide addressable access to any warehouse cell. The warehouse itself is a rather complex management object.

As its control system, programmable controllers, a computer or a specialized device are used.

The most common robocars with inductive route tracking have the following characteristics: load capacity - 500 kg; travel speed - 70 m/min; acceleration during acceleration and deceleration, respectively - 0.5 and 0.7 m / s 2; acceleration during emergency braking 2.5 m / s 2; pallet lifting value - 130 mm; robocar stopping accuracy - 30 mm; overload cycle time - 3 s; turning radius at maximum speed - 0.9 m; operating time without recharging batteries - 6 hours; battery voltage - 24V; the power of each of the two drive motors is 600 W; own weight of the robocar - 425 kg.

An important advantage of robocars as vehicles is the absence of any serious restrictions on the arrangement of equipment, which can be carried out for reasons of maximum efficiency according to any criteria. The route of robocars often turns out to be quite complicated, with parallel branches and loops.

1. Features of the design of technological processes in the conditions of automated production

The basis of production automation are technological processes (TP), which must ensure high productivity, reliability, quality and efficiency of manufacturing products.

A characteristic feature of TP processing and assembly is the strict orientation of parts and tools relative to each other in the workflow (the first class of processes). Heat treatment, drying, painting, etc., unlike processing and assembly, do not require a strict orientation of the part (the second class of processes).

TP is classified by continuity into discrete and continuous.

The development of TP AP in comparison with the technology of non-automated production has its own specifics:

1. Automated TP includes not only heterogeneous machining operations, but also pressure treatment, heat treatment, assembly, inspection, packaging, as well as transport, storage and other operations.

2. The requirements for flexibility and automation of production processes dictate the need for a comprehensive and detailed study of technology, a thorough analysis of production facilities, study of route and operational technology, ensuring the reliability and flexibility of the manufacturing process of products with a given quality.

3. With a wide range of products, technological solutions are multivariate.

4. The degree of integration of work performed by various technological departments is increasing.

Basic principles of construction of machining technology in APS

1.The principle of completeness . It should strive to perform all operations within the same APS without intermediate transfer of semi-finished products to other units or auxiliary offices.

2.The principle of low-operation technology. Formation of TP with the maximum possible consolidation of operations, with a minimum number of operations and installations in operations.

3.The principle of "small people" technology. Ensuring automatic operation of APS within the entire production cycle.

4.The principle of "no-debug" technology . Development of technical solutions that do not require debugging at work positions.

5.The principle of actively controlled technology. Organization of TP management and correction of design decisions based on working information about the TP progress. Both the technological parameters formed at the control stage and the initial parameters of the technological preparation of production (TPP) can be corrected.

6.Principle of optimality . Making a decision at each stage of the TPP and TP management based on a single optimality criterion.

In addition to those considered for APS technology, other principles are also characteristic: computer technology, information security, integration, paperless documentation, group technology.

2. Typical and group TP

Typification of technological processes for groups of parts similar in configuration and technological features provides for their manufacture according to the same technological process, based on the use of the most advanced processing methods and ensuring the achievement of the highest productivity, economy and quality. Typification is based on the rules for processing individual elementary surfaces and the rules for assigning the order in which these surfaces are processed. Typical TCs are used mainly in large-scale and mass production.

The principle of group technology underlies the technology of reconfigurable production - small- and medium-scale. In contrast to the typification of TP with group technology, a common feature is the commonality of the processed surfaces and their combinations. Therefore, group processing methods are typical for processing parts with a wide range.

Both the TP typification and the group technology method are the main directions for the unification of technological solutions that increase production efficiency.

Parts classification

Classification is carried out in order to determine groups of technologically homogeneous parts for their joint processing in a group production environment. It is carried out in two stages: primary classification, i.e. coding of the details of the production under study according to design and technological features; secondary classification, i.e., grouping of parts with the same or slightly different classification features.

When classifying parts, the following features must be taken into account: structural - overall dimensions, weight, material, type of processing and workpiece; number of processing operations; accuracy and other indicators.

Grouping of parts is performed in the following sequence: selection of a set of parts at the class level, for example, bodies of revolution for machining production; selection of a set of parts at the subclass level, for example, parts of the shaft type; classification of parts by combination of surfaces, for example, shafts with a combination of smooth cylindrical surfaces; grouping by overall dimensions with selection of areas with the maximum density of size distribution; determination according to the diagram of areas with the largest number of part names.

Manufacturability of product designs for accident conditions

The design of a product is considered manufacturable if its manufacture and operation require minimal expenditure of materials, time and money. The assessment of manufacturability is carried out according to qualitative and quantitative criteria separately for blanks, machined parts, assembly units.

The parts to be processed in the AM must be technologically advanced, i.e. simple in shape, dimensions, consist of standard surfaces and have the maximum material utilization rate.

The parts to be assembled should have as many standard connection surfaces as possible, the simplest elements of orientation of assembly units and parts.

3. Features of the design of technological processes for the manufacture of parts on automatic lines and CNC machines

An automatic line is a continuously operating complex of interconnected equipment and control systems, where full time synchronization of operations and transitions is necessary. The most effective methods of synchronization are the concentration and differentiation of TP.

Differentiation of the technological process, simplification and synchronization of transitions are the necessary conditions for reliability and productivity. Excessive differentiation leads to the complication of service equipment, an increase in areas and volume of service. An expedient concentration of operations and transitions, without practically reducing productivity, can be carried out by aggregation, using multi-tool adjustments.

To synchronize work in an automatic line (AL), a limiting tool, a limiting machine and a limiting section are determined, according to which the real AL output cycle (min) is set according to the formula

where F - the actual fund of the equipment, h; N- release program, pcs.

To ensure high reliability, the AL is divided into sections that are connected to each other through storage devices that provide the so-called flexible connection between the sections, ensuring independent operation of adjacent sections in the event of a failure in one of them. A rigid connection is maintained within the site. For hard-coupled equipment, it is important to plan the timing and duration of planned shutdowns.

CNC machines provide high precision and quality of products and can be used in the processing of complex parts with precise stepped or curved contours. This reduces the cost of processing, qualification and number of staff. Features of processing parts on CNC machines are determined by the features of the machines themselves and, first of all, their CNC systems, which provide:

1) reducing the time of adjustment and readjustment of equipment; 2) increasing the complexity of processing cycles; 3) the possibility of implementing cycle moves with a complex curvilinear trajectory; 4) the possibility of unification of control systems (CS) of machine tools with CS of other equipment; 5) the possibility of using a computer to control CNC machines that are part of the APS.

Basic requirements for the technology and organization of machining in reconfigurable APS on the example of the manufacture of basic standard parts

The development of technology in APS is characterized by an integrated approach - a detailed study of not only the main, but also auxiliary operations and transitions, including the transportation of products, their control, storage, testing, and packaging.

To stabilize and improve the reliability of processing, two main methods for constructing TP are used:

1) the use of equipment that provides reliable processing with almost no operator intervention;

2) regulation of TP parameters based on the control of products during the process itself.

To increase flexibility and efficiency, APS uses the principle of group technology.

4. Features of the development of technological process for automated and robotic assembly

Automated assembly of products is carried out on assembly machines and AL. An important condition for the development of a rational TP for automated assembly is the unification and normalization of connections, i.e., bringing them to a certain range of types and accuracy.

The main difference between robotic production is the replacement of assemblers by assembly robots and the execution of control by control robots or automatic control devices.

Robotic assembly should be performed on the principle of complete interchangeability or (less often) on the principle of group interchangeability. The possibility of fitting, adjustment is excluded.

The execution of assembly operations should proceed from simple to complex. Depending on the complexity and dimensions of the products, the form of assembly organization is chosen: stationary or conveyor. The composition of the RTK is assembly equipment and fixtures, a transport system, operational assembly robots, control robots, and a control system.

There is every reason to believe that the next decade will be a turning point in the development of new approaches to production, the boundary between the eras of non-automated and automated production.

It is quite obvious that right now the scientific and technical prerequisites associated with the emergence and development of the latest automation tools have matured for this. These include, first of all, automatic control systems based on industrial controllers and, of course, industrial robots that have raised production to a qualitatively higher level.

It would seem that unconditional progressiveness, combined with increased attention, should have provided industrial robots with a triumphal march, allowing them to make a significant contribution to the intensification of production processes, reducing the share of manual labor. However, this is not yet happening to the right extent. At least as far as the situation in our country is concerned.

Obviously, the main problem of the slow development of automation and, in particular, robotic production lies in the apparent discrepancy between the costs of manpower and resources, on the one hand, and the real return, on the other. And this was caused not by the suddenly discovered shortcomings of industrial robots, but by miscalculations made in the preparation of such production. Production, with its harsh laws, inevitably rejects expensive, low-speed and unreliable designs.

Russia can and must regain its status as a world industrial power. To accomplish this, it is necessary to have a number of key advantages - promising areas and technologies, developed machine tool building, and most importantly - human resources that are able to bring their plans to life. The specificity of the creation of any new product, whether it be the latest models of weapons, sea and aircraft or other high-tech products, is that only that which, in principle, can be manufactured is designed. It makes no sense to talk about creating, for example, a new generation fighter without having the equipment of the appropriate level. Thus, the latest equipment is the basis for the creation of the latest technologies. The rejection of systematic industrial regulation, the direct "cultivation" of innovative projects leads to the rejection of modern industrial production: ship and aircraft building, the space sector, high-speed rail transport, and modern weapons systems.

Since automation and robotic production are inherently closely related to the development of new types of products, they are able to determine the level of a country's competitiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to study and investigate the production cycles of enterprises in various industries with large-scale, serial and small-scale production in order to determine the areas of rational use of robots and establish functional and technical requirements for them.

There is a dynamic development of robotics in the world. All new highly efficient robot designs and industrial controllers for mass use have been created and are being created. Their number is growing rapidly, since reducing the share of manual labor, increasing productivity and increasing production rates are an urgent task for efficient industrial production in developed post-industrial countries. At the same time, in many cases, it is the emergence of technology that stimulates the development of new types of products. Technology brought to perfection determines the cost of production, and ultimately the efficiency and competitiveness of the country's economy as a whole. Thus, the formation of this direction will give impetus to the booming industry and lay the foundation for its dynamic development.

The development of industrial production is determined by the growth of labor productivity. The productivity of a technological operation in any industry depends on the time spent on performing the main functional actions (main time), auxiliary actions (auxiliary time) and time losses due to insufficient organization of labor (organizational losses) and the long-term performance of some additional actions (own losses). Reducing the main time can be achieved by improving the processing technology, as well as by design changes in the equipment. Minimization of organizational time losses involves a thorough study of the conditions for organizing production, delivery of materials and components, established cooperation ties, and much more, while reducing auxiliary time and own losses is associated with mechanization and automation of production. Automation of production is possible only on the basis of the latest achievements of science and technology, the use of advanced technology and the use of advanced production experience. Well, flexible automation, in turn, makes it possible to quickly reconfigure production to perform technological functions with a certain processing capacity based on the maximum use of computer technology and electronics.

In view of the fact that computer technologies are developing at a rapid pace and nothing prevents their use in conjunction with technological equipment, we can conclude that in the near future human participation in production processes will be minimized. The enterprises of the near future are fully automated workshops with a flexible organization of production, serviced by groups of robots with a single control center.

NEW CHALLENGES - NEW SOLUTIONS

Automation of production leads to a significant increase in its efficiency. This is due, on the one hand, to the improvement of the organization of production, the acceleration of the turnover of funds and the better use of fixed assets, on the other hand, to the reduction in the cost of processing, wages and energy costs. The third important factor is the increase in the level of production culture, the quality of products, etc.

CNC machines have become a symbol of the movement towards an innovative organization of production. However, despite the scope and comprehensiveness of their applications, today they are not the most significant achievement in the field of automation. Behind the scenes are programmable controllers, microprocessors, process computers, and logic control systems, which are even more successful and more widely used in this area. At the same time, all of the listed devices can be considered as members of the same family of equipment for flexible automation, which is fundamentally changing the existing system of industrial production.

It has already been proven that the use of industrial robots not only increases the level of automation of in-line production, but also makes it possible to use technological equipment more efficiently and, on this basis, significantly increase labor productivity. The use of robots also solves the problem of providing personnel for difficult and hazardous operations.

In the field of creation and application of industrial robots, our country is still at an early stage, so we have to carry out a large amount of research and development, develop our own base of standard solutions. Along with the development of universal robots, it is necessary to organize the production of standard models of special-purpose equipment (pneumatic grippers, stationary devices, and similar devices), which will further expand the possibilities of automation. In addition, simplified models of robots and mechanical grippers should be developed to perform simple operations.

Simple automation of workplaces has already ceased to suit production managers. Why? After all, the time released is the most important factor affecting the efficiency of an industrial enterprise. However, the economic effect of local, “piecewise” automation is minimal, since the design process remains classically consistent: designers create documentation, transfer it to technologists, take it back for correction, return the corrected documentation to technologists, they prepare technological documentation, coordinate with suppliers and economists, and so on. Further. As a result, neither the full economic return, nor a really significant reduction in the preparation time for production, automation brings, although a positive effect is achieved in any case.

It should not be forgotten that the development and preparation for the production of complex, high-tech products is a collective and interrelated process, which involves tens and hundreds of specialists of an enterprise or even a group of enterprises. During the development of a product, a number of difficulties arise that affect the overall success. First of all, this is the inability to see the key resources involved in the development process in their actual state at a given point in time. It is also the organization of joint work of a team of specialists with the involvement of companies that supply any components for the product being developed. There is only one way to significantly reduce the preparation time for such production - through the parallel execution of work and the close interaction of all participants in the process. A similar problem can be solved by creating a single information space of the enterprise, a kind of array of digital data on products.

WHERE TO START AUTOMATION

Below is a brief algorithm that allows you to understand what you need to find out in order to start implementing a factory automation project.

1. First you need to evaluate the automation object - what needs to be replaced, what equipment needs to be purchased and what can increase the productivity of the enterprise.

2. On the basis of the developed terms of reference, it is necessary to choose the most optimal elements for solving the tasks. These can be special sensors and tools for monitoring, for example, the operation of equipment, as well as various kits for further collecting and processing all the information received, special devices for providing an interface - a control panel for the normal activity of production dispatchers, etc.

3. Draw up project documentation - an automation scheme, preferably in the form of cyclograms, an electrical circuit diagram, a description of the control of systems management.

4. The next step is the development of programs that will help implement control algorithms for each specific piece of equipment (lower control stage). After that, a general algorithm is compiled for collecting and processing the received data (the upper stage of production management).

5. When all of the above is done, it is advisable to start securing the supplies of the necessary equipment. Moreover, its commissioning should be carried out according to predetermined and strictly defined priorities.

6. It is necessary to automate all stages of the production process by programmatically combining control systems for each individual level, providing for them the possibility of flexible transformations.

TYPICAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OVERCOMING THEM

The Solver company has been automating the production of machine-building enterprises for 20 years. Experience shows that the objective factors hindering the successful implementation of automation projects are:

The unwillingness of the enterprise team to accept automation as a necessary and sufficient tool for the production cycle at this stage of enterprise development;

Lack of a sufficient number of competent specialists in the field of automation;

Often the enterprise does not have a clear understanding of the ultimate goals of automation activities.

The Solver company has formulated several basic principles that allow a rational look at the problems of robotics, and postulates that should be followed when working through the stages of production automation.

1. Robotic tools should not only replace a person or imitate his actions, but also perform these production functions faster and better. Only then will they be truly effective. This achieves the principle of the final result.

2. The complexity of the approach. All the most important components of the production process - technologies, production facilities, auxiliary equipment, control and maintenance systems - must be considered and ultimately resolved at a new, higher level. One component of the production process that has not been worked out at the proper level can make the whole complex of automation measures ineffective. Both industrial robots and automated control systems must be implemented taking into account the progress of technology and design and, as a whole, adapt to the requirements of production - only then will they be effective.

3. And the most important thing is the principle of necessity. Robotization tools, including the most promising and progressive ones, should be used not where they can be adapted, but where they cannot be dispensed with.

I would like to end the article with the following conclusion. No one is able to describe in detail and accurately the super-industrial society that is emerging today. But already now we must understand that in the foreseeable future, society will move from a mass factory system to unique piece production, intellectual labor, which will be based on information, super technologies, as well as a high degree of production automation. No other way is foreseen.

Types of automation systems include:

• immutable systems. These are systems in which the sequence of actions is determined by the equipment configuration or process conditions and cannot be changed during the process.
• programmable systems. These are systems in which the sequence of actions can vary depending on the given program and process configuration. The choice of the necessary sequence of actions is carried out due to a set of instructions that can be read and interpreted by the system.
• flexible (self-tuning) systems. These are systems that are able to select the necessary actions in the process of work. Changing the process configuration (sequence and conditions for performing operations) is carried out on the basis of information about the progress of the process.

These types of systems can be used at all levels of process automation individually or as part of a combined system.

In every sector of the economy, there are enterprises and organizations that produce products or provide services. All these enterprises can be divided into three groups, depending on their “remoteness” in the natural resource processing chain.

The first group of enterprises are enterprises extracting or producing natural resources. Such enterprises include, for example, agricultural producers, oil and gas companies.

The second group of enterprises are enterprises that process natural raw materials. They make products from raw materials mined or produced by the enterprises of the first group. Such enterprises include, for example, enterprises in the automotive industry, steel enterprises, enterprises in the electronics industry, power plants, and the like.

The third group is the service sector enterprises. Such organizations include, for example, banks, educational institutions, medical institutions, restaurants, etc.

For all enterprises, it is possible to single out general groups of processes associated with the production of products or the provision of services.

These processes include:

• business processes;
• design and development processes;
• production processes;
• control and analysis processes.

• Business processes are processes that ensure interaction within the organization and with external stakeholders (customers, suppliers, regulatory authorities, etc.). This category of processes includes the processes of marketing and sales, interaction with consumers, the processes of financial, personnel, material planning and accounting, etc.
• Design and development processes All processes involved in the development of a product or service. These processes include the processes of development planning, collection and preparation of initial data, project implementation, control and analysis of design results, etc.
• Manufacturing processes are the processes necessary to produce a product or provide a service. This group includes all production and technological processes. They also include requirements planning and capacity planning processes, logistics processes, and service processes.
• Control and analysis processes- this group of processes is associated with the collection and processing of information about the execution of processes. Such processes include quality control processes, operational management, inventory control processes, etc.

Most of the processes belonging to these groups can be automated. To date, there are classes of systems that provide automation of these processes.

Terms of reference for the subsystem "Warehouses"	Terms of reference for the subsystem "Document management"	Terms of reference for the subsystem "Purchases"

Process Automation Strategy

Process automation is a complex and time-consuming task. To successfully solve this problem, it is necessary to adhere to a certain automation strategy. It allows you to improve processes and get a number of significant benefits from automation.

Briefly, the strategy can be formulated as follows:

• understanding of the process. In order to automate a process, it is necessary to understand the existing process in all its details. The process must be fully analyzed. The inputs and outputs of the process, the sequence of actions, the relationship with other processes, the composition of the process resources, etc., must be determined.
• simplification of the process. Once the process analysis has been carried out, it is necessary to simplify the process. Extra operations that do not bring value should be reduced. Individual operations can be combined or run in parallel. Other technologies for its execution can be proposed to improve the process.
• process automation. Process automation can only be performed after the process has been simplified as much as possible. The simpler the process flow, the easier it is to automate and the more efficient the automated process will be.

At present, it is very difficult to imagine an industrial enterprise without automated control systems. Automation increases the productivity of enterprises, minimizes the human factor and improves product quality.

For a long time, production remained partially automated. Modern technologies make it possible to switch to fully automated schemes, where the role of a person is reduced to performing the functions of an operator.

Process automation can be:

• partial. In production, individual devices and machines are automated. It is mainly used in food industry enterprises when a person cannot perform some work due to its complexity or speed. Such automation is used at light and chemical industries.
• Complex. A striking example of such automation can be called a power plant. It functions as a single complex, a person performs only the functions of an operator.
• Full. All control and monitoring functions are carried out by the machine. Modern technologies have come close to full automation, but, unfortunately, they still cannot do without the human factor. The highest level of automation is used in the field of nuclear energy.

The main elements of industrial automation include:

• CNC machines (appeared in 1955).
• Industrial robots (the first models appeared in 1962).
• Robotic technological complexes.
• Automated warehouse systems.
• Computer-aided design systems.

Automation Benefits:

• Most management decisions are made automatically and in a timely manner. Also, with the help of machines, you can enter operational accounting.
• Automation allows you to distribute labor resources as efficiently as possible.
• Production cycles never fail.
• All decisions of automatic systems are stored in a database, which facilitates the analysis of the enterprise's activities.
• Automation of production significantly reduces the turnover of documents in the enterprise.
• Production works stably, without visible deviations.

Modern production optimization requires the participation of professional companies. One of the best can be called Industrial Automation LLC, which carries out automation of enterprises at all levels. This company introduces high-tech systems to manufacturing enterprises.

Thus, qualitative changes in the technology of the control system and production automation give impetus to economic development by reducing the cost of energy and materials. Nordengineering has an individual approach to each business. The company guarantees the quality of its work, and the economic growth of the client. Automation is carried out at all levels, from the compressor to the complex of finished products.