Caulking of cast-iron pipes: main stages. How to emboss cast iron plumbing pipes

The main advantage of cast iron is durability, its main disadvantage is brittleness. These two features must be taken into account when maintaining and repairing cast iron pressure pipes.
The brittleness of cast iron imposes certain requirements on the connection of cast iron pipes. On the one hand, it must be strong and tight, and on the other hand, it must be sufficiently elastic. The fact is that pipes laid in the ground do not lie motionless. The soils are also characterized by shrinkage and blurring. When freezing, the water in the ground expands. All this leads to the movement of the ground. The pipe, as they say, "walks". Traditionally this problem is solved chasing pipes- connecting pipes in such a way that there is a margin of elasticity at the joints.
The smooth end of one pipe is inserted into the socket of the other. A small 3-5 mm gap remains at the junction, which is caulked with a resin strand (kabolka) two-thirds of the depth. The strand is a thin rope, which is inserted into the gap in layers. After each turn, the strand is compacted with a caulk - a special tool. Such a connection allows you to connect the pipe hermetically, but with a margin of elasticity.
To increase the strength of the joint, the remaining third of the gap is cemented or filled with lead. The second option is more reliable and preferable, because. connections in pressure pipes experience significant loads. Both procedures are quite complex and time-consuming. Cement behaves capriciously at high or low humidity, work with the melting of lead requires dexterity and additional preparations.
More advanced methods of connecting cast-iron pressure pipes are currently being used. For example, a socket with a rubber sealing ring and a socket-screw connection. But these compounds began to be used relatively recently. Recall that the advantage of cast iron is durability. The service life of cast iron pressure pipes is more than a hundred years. And, therefore, pipelines made according to old technologies are still actively exploited.
Chasing socket connection can be safely called the weakest point of the cast-iron pipeline. Under the influence of moisture, temperature changes and soil movement for decades, the coinage is destroyed. Typically, accidents caused destruction of coinage, are eliminated for a long time. Procedure minting time-consuming, requiring a certain skill. But even high qualification does not guarantee the absence of marriage. The liquidation of an accident is often carried out in difficult conditions: low temperatures, difficult access to the damaged area, watering of the pit, humidity that prevents the solution from hardening. Fussing with molten lead in such conditions is generally more like a repairman's nightmare. Alas, this dream often comes true. It is almost impossible to perform high-quality coinage during the liquidation of a complex accident.
Our company's product range includes a special type of fittings that can significantly reduce the time required to eliminate this type of accident and improve the quality of repair work on a cast-iron pipeline. This is a socket sealer DZ. With him, all work comes down to installing the product on the socket connection and fixing it with a conventional wrench. The rubber gasket securely seals the joint, without depriving it of the necessary elasticity, and the design itself firmly fixes the joint. Work can be carried out even without completely shutting off the pressure, but only by lowering it so that the leak does not interfere with the repair team. The reliability of the connection of cast-iron pressure pipes with the help of a socket joint sealer is several times higher than the reliability of traditional caulking. And, therefore, once the work is done, the problem will be eliminated once and for all.

Do-it-yourself installation of sewer pipes requires the contractor to fully comply with the rules of construction work and standards. In most cases, these issues have already been resolved for multi-apartment buildings, so this process is relevant for private houses and cottages. It is for this reason that owners need to know all the nuances of building a drainage system. In our article we will find out how to make a sewer with our own hands.

It is necessary to install water pipes from the drawing up of communication laying diagrams. The photo should indicate and indicate all the components of the structure: the dimensions of the elements, the location of the fittings, the lines of the system. In practice, most plumbing fixtures are connected to one riser, but if the room is large, it is better to connect to several points.

When the question arises of installing a sewer system, you can start from the photo of the previous wiring diagram in the building. It is worth considering that if a cast-iron pipe is replaced with a plastic one, then it is impossible to focus on the old system.

Attention! With a large number of storeys of the building, it is rational to place the plumbing units one under the other.

When performing repair work, it is enough to make a schematic drawing of the adjustable system. But, if sewage installation is being carried out, then it is impossible to do without drawing up a project. This norm is necessary due to the existence of an internal and external design of the drainage system. Plus, most cases also involve the installation of a cleaning device.

Work materials

For such types of work, the requirements of SNiP provide for the installation of the following types of pipes:

cast iron;
ceramic;
Asbestos-cement;
ceramic;
Plastic.

Most often, polyethylene materials are used, which correspond to GOST 22689.0-89 and 22689.2-89, and have a diameter of 40 to 110 mm. A feature of plastic pipes is resistance to aggressive environmental influences and corrosion. Such devices are connected using sockets, and rubber cuffs are used for sealing.

Basic rules of the installation process

Before proceeding with the installation work on the sewer, you should familiarize yourself with the basic requirements for the process. This is necessary to create an optimal drainage system in the house. For this reason, it is very important to do everything correctly and accurately.

Sizes of diameters and slopes of pipes

Since most situations involve the creation of a system with gravity, it becomes very important to choose the diameter and slope of the pipes correctly. The functioning of the sewer will depend on this process. The size of the pipe dimensions is affected by the type of plumbing fixtures, as well as their number in the building. Generally speaking, the main factor is the photo installation diagram. So here are some recommendations:

It is better to insert a pipe diameter into the washbasin system - 4 cm;
For bathroom and kitchen - 5 cm;
For a riser that does not have a connection to the toilet - 8.5 cm;
For a riser with a connected toilet - 10 cm

Attention! The pipe must be directed to the riser from the apparatus. It is worth noting that its dimensions should be 2-15 cm per meter.

Dismantling the old wiring

Before mounting a new system, you need to remove the elements of the old layout. It is worth noting that this process can be quite a difficult job, especially for old-timers' houses. In order to speed up and facilitate the procedure, it is necessary to think about dismantling in advance.

Required Tools

To install the sewer with your own hands, you will need the following tools:

Special grinder or hacksaw;
Drill apparatus;
Screwdriver.

It is right to start all work from the bathroom and the most distant places of pipelines. Before starting the process, it is necessary to check whether all the necessary materials and tools are available. In addition, we advise you to perform pipe diagnostics to determine if there are any deformations and damages on them.

Preparatory stages of installation

Preparation for installation includes the following steps:

We check and adjust all connection points. We mark on the pipes the depths of the occurrences of the sockets.
Next, the chasing and cutting of pipes is performed;

Attention! The caulking of the pipeline occurs at an angle of 90 degrees. It should be noted that the cut should not have deformations or distortions.

The points of the cut pipes should be correctly checked for burrs, as their presence on the part will affect the sealing of the joints and lead to the accumulation of debris and blockages. You need to fix this situation with a file.
Before assembling the system, it is necessary to clean the extreme parts of the pipes and the rubber seals. Failure to comply with this norm will reduce the quality of the connection.

If you focus on a standard photo, a sewerage scheme in the premises, then it provides that the pipes are laid along three lines of the system:

The device of the first highway is the line with the shortest length, which should not exceed 1 meter. In this branch, it is necessary to mint a toilet bowl and other plumbing fixtures in the house.
The second line includes bathroom appliances and equipment, namely a washbasin, shower, washing machine.
The third branch is the drainage line from the kitchen.

Attention! The length of the second and third branches should be less than three meters. For this reason, if the building has a large volume, then it is necessary to insert the lines into at least two risers.

The main sewer lines have several branches that go to each type of plumbing. Each line at the end provides for the installation of a siphon. A water lock is a necessary element of any system that forms a cork from the water, which prevents gases from escaping from the sewer. In most cases, such an apparatus does not exist in the installation of a washing machine, since its system has a check valve.

Chasing cast iron pipes

Sometimes there are situations when there is a need to perform repairs for a separate part of the sewer system. It should be noted that the process does not always occur without disconnection of the pipeline. To start minting pipes, you need to inspect the place of future work.

The main problem is that the pipes that are in the ground are filled with a special substance, which strengthens the fastening. Therefore, the question arises, how is the chasing of cast-iron pipelines performed? This is what we are now trying to find out. It is enough to simply destroy the connection using a gas cutter.

Pipe chasing technology

Difficulty can also arise when chasing cast-iron or plastic pipes, which occurs when replacing a riser or toilet bowl. For the correctness of the action, you need to very carefully mint the pipe pipe. This action includes several steps:

The first thing we need to do is to tap the bell with a hammer so as not to damage it;
If the bell moves quietly and can be easily dismantled, which means that the caulking was carried out with a cable.
Then you can start dismantling - loosen the bell, pry with a screwdriver and pull the cord a little. Then gently pull out the rope with pliers.

If the bell is motionless when tapped, this means that the chasing was done with sulfur. In this situation, you need to use the burning technology:

Carefully perform heating of the pipeline around the circumference with a burner or blowtorch;
Avoiding damage, carefully tap the pipeline with a hammer;
When the bell is movable, you can loosen it with an adjustable tool.

Attention! When performing work, it is necessary to use a respirator to avoid inhalation of sulfur.

After releasing the bell, we clean it with a chisel;
We cover the sealing ring with a special solution, and insert it into the socket;
We mount a new part in the seal.

Installation of plastic sewer pipes

Installing plastic sewer pipes is a little different from other types. For this reason, we provide some tips on how to mint them:

There are two ways to cut a plastic pipe. It is worth noting that the saw for such work should have small teeth. Also, this task can be performed using a two-handed cable.
Do not leave burrs, which very often appear when cutting plastic products.
We carry out cleaning and gluing of materials. First, you need to perform a dry assembly, and then you can start gluing the system. To do this, we make marks, and then we connect the structural elements with glue.
We assemble the sewerage pipeline system.
We fill in all the empty spaces.
We install a plastic pipe for ventilation. The connection must be made with copper material.
Plastic pipes are used for connections of high complexity. The strength of the tightness of the structure is provided by couplings without a socket.
We strengthen the risers. To do this, use metal lining - this element will protect against accidental hits of small parts, such as nails or screws.

So, we found out that installing a sewer is quite simple. The article presents two options for completing the process - a design with cast iron and plastic pipes. The main requirement for installation is compliance with the rules and regulations that are regulated by SNiP and Gost RF. So, study the legislative base and construction and sanitary conditions, and then you will be able to install a sewage disposal system in your own house or apartment correctly.

Reading 6 min.

If you plan to install cast iron sewer pipes, you need to take into account the configuration of the room in which the installation will be carried out. This is necessary in the case when it is necessary to make repairs with the rearrangement of plumbing fixtures, for example, a shower cabin is installed instead of a bathtub or vice versa. It may be necessary to add elbows, increase the length of the pipeline. You need to start by preparing the room. Determine the most appropriate type of connection and method of installing communications. Installation of cast iron pipes is carried out after the fittings are selected.

Pipes for installation

Preparatory work

Products are checked for defects. External characteristics are evaluated: the pipes should not have dents, cracks, bumps and spots. It is recommended to use communications characterized by a flat surface of the walls. You can lightly tap on the products. In different places, the sound should be the same. The condition of the cut is also evaluated. Its structure should be homogeneous, fine-grained.

If you plan to change cast iron pipes, you must first dismantle the old communications. For this purpose, a hammer is prepared (for horizontally oriented products), a grinder. The sawing of the riser is carried out only with the help of a grinder. It is not recommended to use a hammer in this case, since individual parts can get into the pipe lumen, which will lead to hard-to-remove blockages. Before installing communications, it is necessary to block the water riser. In the case when the connection of the toilet bowl is changed, the drain should not be used for some time.

Varieties of installation

The pipeline can be located vertically or horizontally. The choice of the method of installing communications is determined by the intended purpose of the connected plumbing fixture and the tasks that need to be solved through these pipes. In order to increase the reliability of fixing the structure, special fasteners are used. In each case they are different.

Vertical

The height of the premises is significant - from 2.5 m. To prevent the pipe from "walking" in the opening of the ceiling, steel clamps are used. They are recommended to be installed under the butt joint (under the socket). The clamp securely holds the pipeline, because it completely covers it in diameter. Fasteners are fixed on the wall. They are installed with some step.

Horizontal

The principle of pipe support in this case is similar to that previously considered. In this case, the fasteners are arranged with equal spacing. Clamps in this case do not provide the desired result, it is recommended to use hanging hooks, brackets, consoles. All fastening elements must be made of metal, steel products are more often used. They are durable and last for a long time.

Connection types

There are several ways to connect. Thanks to a wide range of options, it becomes possible to choose the most suitable method, taking into account the operating conditions of the pipeline. Overview of connection types:

Trumpet. Communications in this case have an extension on one side. It looks like a cuff. A rubber gasket is installed in the socket. Then a pipe is inserted into this expansion. The result is a reliable, durable connection. However, its quality is determined by the characteristics of the gasket. If the rubber deforms or loses its properties, which often happens during prolonged use, then a leak will form. You can fix it by replacing the gasket.
sealing method. In this case, communications with a socket are used, however, the gasket is not installed at the joint area. The cracks are filled with tow, after which they are cemented.
Socketless connection. In this case, an adapter in the form of a coupling is used. Communications are installed in this product from two sides. Then, in this section, the pipeline elements are coupled with metal clamps.
Plastic joint. Docking according to this principle is performed when it is necessary to connect sections of cast iron and plastic pipelines. To do this, use special adapters, sealant.

What should not be done during installation?

use of a gas burner during dismantling;
the use of a welding machine to connect sections of the pipeline;
cleaning the surface of communications.

Security measures

When installing a cast-iron pipeline, care must be taken when handling such products. Cast iron is distinguished by reliability and durability during operation, but it is a fragile material, which manifests itself during transportation and installation. During cutting, small pieces of metal may break off. When they enter the pipeline, they contribute to a decrease in the clearance. In addition, fragments can get into the face, injure the organs of vision. For this reason, it is recommended to wear a protective screen or goggles while working with cast iron communications.

If pipe cutting is performed in a room with installed plumbing fixtures and furniture, it is necessary to maintain their integrity. To do this, before starting dismantling, cover all objects with a dense cloth.

Cast iron fittings

The elements are made from wrought iron. Fittings made of this metal can only be used to connect cast iron communications. They are not suitable for steel products. There are several types:

threaded;
compression;
press fittings.

To increase reliability, such products are coated with zinc. According to the connection method, threaded elements are divided into 3 groups:

with internal thread;
external thread;
external-internal thread.

When assembling the pipeline, different shaped elements are used, which are different in shape and configuration:

revision - used to eliminate blockage, with the help of such an element, preventive cleaning of the system is performed;
coupling - allows you to join pipes of the same diameter;
cross - used to change the direction of the pipeline, create several directions;
transitions - used when connecting communications of different diameters;
tee - allows you to combine pipelines in three directions or perform wiring;
indent - used in cases where it is necessary to slightly change the direction of the pipeline;
knee - an element with two outlets located at an angle of 90 °;
branch - resembles a knee, however, the angle of rotation of the outlets relative to each other is much smaller (45 ° or less).

Methods for caulking sewer pipes

In this case, a cement mixture, tow is used. With these materials it is possible to caulk gaps in the flare connection when a rubber gasket is not used. This method is considered the most reliable, due to the use of cement mortar. The chasing technology is implemented in stages:

first, two pipes are connected, and the size of the gap should not be less than 3 mm, otherwise this method will be difficult to implement;
the tow is hammered into the leak between the pipes using a narrow spatula, screwdriver, chasing, the depth of filling the slot is 2/3 of the length of the socket;
the remaining part of the cast-iron expansion of the pipe is sealed with cement mortar.

For greater reliability, cement grades M300, M400 should be used. The better the characteristics of the material, the lower the risk of future leakage.

Use of cement mortar

In order for the connection of cast-iron pipes to serve for a long time, you need to properly prepare the mixture. The recommended ratio of cement and water is 9:1. The remaining free part of the socket is filled with the mixture. Given that the solution is quite thick, a chasing and a hammer should be used to seal when filling the metal cuff. These actions continue until the tool bounces off the solution. To improve the properties of the cement, the suture is closed with a damp cloth.

It is important to firmly fix the pipeline during the work, until the solution completely hardens. You can not use it for the next 2-3 days, because this may affect the quality of the connection. Cracks appear in the cement layer if the pipeline is deformed during the drying process.

The use of asbestos cement

The addition of asbestos to the solution contributes to additional hardening. In its pure form, this material is not reliable enough. The recommended ratio of cement and asbestos is 2:1. The principle of connecting pipes using this solution is no different from the previously considered case when pure cement is used. For the preparation of asbestos cement, the same amount of water is taken. The result should be a thick mixture.

Chasing cast iron pipes: process features

Chasing socket connection can be safely called the weakest point of the cast-iron pipeline. Under the influence of moisture, temperature changes and soil movement for decades, the coinage is destroyed. Typically, accidents caused destruction of coinage, are eliminated for a long time. Procedure minting time-consuming, requiring a certain skill. But even high qualification does not guarantee the absence of marriage. The liquidation of an accident is often carried out in difficult conditions: low temperatures, difficult access to the damaged area, watering of the pit, humidity that prevents the solution from hardening. Fussing with molten lead in such conditions is generally more like a repairman's nightmare. Alas, this dream often comes true. It is almost impossible to perform high-quality coinage during the liquidation of a complex accident.
Our company's product range includes a special type of fittings that can significantly reduce the time required to eliminate this type of accident and improve the quality of repair work on a cast-iron pipeline. This is a DZ socket sealer. With him, all work comes down to installing the product on the socket connection and fixing it with a conventional wrench. The rubber gasket securely seals the joint, without depriving it of the necessary elasticity, and the design itself firmly fixes the joint. Work can be carried out even without completely shutting off the pressure, but only by lowering it so that the leak does not interfere with the repair team. The reliability of the connection of cast-iron pressure pipes with the help of a socket joint sealer is several times higher than the reliability of traditional caulking. And, therefore, once the work is done, the problem will be eliminated once and for all.

Cast iron pipes are used when laying internal and external sewerage, and sockets are necessary to connect its individual parts. Do-it-yourself caulking of cast-iron pipes is a complex and time-consuming process. Find out how such pipes are joined, and what tools and materials are used.

Installation of an additional compactor by a team of repairmen

Chasing and chasing cast iron pipes

Cast iron is the most durable and most brittle pipe material. That is why the connection of this material must be strong and elastic.

The joint of cast-iron pipes, made by caulking

Freezing, groundwater expands, resulting in a displacement of the soil. As a result, pipes laid underground also move. In order for the joints to remain airtight under any conditions, a “margin of elasticity” is left at the joints. Pipes of external lines are damaged by water hammer and heavy traffic.

Sequence of work

First, the pipe joint is inspected to determine how they were connected. A gas cutter or a grinder will help to separate tightly fused pipes. Before starting work, turn off the water supply throughout the house.

The procedure is performed as carefully as possible, cast iron is easily damaged. First, the bell is lightly tapped with a hammer so that you do not have to change the entire riser. Then they loosen it in different directions, wrap it with a rope and pull it. After slowly pulling out the pipe element. You can also make an incision with a grinder at the bell itself. The rest of the pipe is drilled with a drill.

The end of one pipe is inserted into the socket of the other. At the junction, a gap is left (no more than 5 mm), which is filled with a special strand - a cable. This strand is made of a thin rope, the gap between the pipes is filled in layers. Each layer is sealed with a caulk. So you can create a tight and elastic connection.

In order for the connection to withstand high loads, 1/3 of the gap is filled with lead or cement. The first option is more reliable, but requires experience and skill. The second option is difficult to implement at high or low humidity.

There are more technologically advanced ways to connect cast iron pipes: bell-shaped with a rubber seal and bell-screw.

Lead casting

Repairmen use white or red clay, rope (20 cm longer than the pipe diameter and 15 mm thick), lead.

A rope is wrapped around the pipe, then pulled tight. The bell is coated with clay.
The rope is pulled out, a clay funnel is made at the top (a sprue 10 cm high), through which molten lead is poured.
Lead is melted in an iron cauldron over a fire. The metal must be heated well enough, otherwise it will harden ahead of time and will not fill the socket.
When pouring lead, safety regulations must be observed. To avoid splashing, pieces of stearin are thrown into the mold.
After hardening, the clay mold is removed, the lead bay is inspected. It should fill the socket without cavities and gaps.

Sealing with cement (asbestos-cement) mortar

First, a resin bundle is installed in the hole between the pipe and the socket, then it is compacted.
Cement and water are mixed in a ratio of 9:1. The gap between the socket and the pipe is filled with the prepared solution.
Sometimes the winding seal is coated with asbestos cement in several layers.

First, the joint is sealed, then the strands are compacted, at the end the joint is poured with asbestos-cement mortar

The hardening of the solution may interfere with high humidity.

Video: chasing a fun tee

Additional compactor - an alternative to embossing

A tool for chasing

Chasing is short-lived, there are several reasons for this: temperature changes, high humidity, soil shifts. But there is an additional seal - fittings, which can reduce the duration of pipe repair, prevent leakage and improve the quality of the connection. The design of the device is simple: two openable rings are completed with a rubber gasket, bolts and nuts for the coupler. The element is installed on the socket, and then fixed with a wrench. Work can be done without blocking the pressure, but only by reducing it.

The size of the clamp must match the diameter of the pipe.
Before installation, clean the surface of the pipe near the socket.
Mount the gasket with the flat side to the socket. The ends of the seal are connected.
Close the clamp around the pipe, install the studs, tighten the nuts.

It is necessary to install an additional seal on water and sewer lines. For enhanced protection, an anti-corrosion epoxy coating is used.

Video: installation of a socket sealer

The tightness of the joints is important in both internal and external communications. Sealing materials are durable polyethylene tapes, liquid rubber (silicone sealing rings). To switch from cast iron to plastic, a rubber adapter lubricated with silicone sealant is used.

Breaks in the line, caused by the destruction of the pipe at the junction, are eliminated for a long time, and the result of the work is not always of high quality. Making a tight connection in a hard-to-reach place is always a difficult and painstaking job. Planned preventive measures will help to avoid emergencies and save money.