Overlapped array. Types of interior doors

An article about wooden interior doors for houses and cottages.

One of the decorations of a modern apartment is interior doors. The modern market in this sense simply indulges and pleases the eye. Wooden, all-glass, aluminum, plastic, combined - choose what your heart desires. As practice shows, wooden doors are most often chosen. It is understandable, the material is some kind of "home", natural, warm, inspires confidence. Though not without its whims. Some knowledge of "wooden" features will not hurt.

Method for manufacturing interior doors

According to the manufacturing method, "classic" doors are divided into panel and panel doors.

Panel doors- the most ancient and also the easiest to manufacture. Structurally, the product consists of a frame sheathed on both sides with some material. As a rule, the inside of this frame contains a filler (monolithic or honeycomb). Monolithic filling significantly weights the door. It can take the form of a shield made of wooden bars, which is optimal from the standpoint of environmental friendliness and sound insulation. But sheet material is also possible - chipboard, MDF. Honeycomb filling can significantly reduce the weight of the door leaf, since it is a honeycomb structure made of pressed cardboard or MDF.

Shield doors can be deaf and partially glazed. Moreover, "glazing" most often plays a decorative role and is made in the form of artistic inserts made of glass, crystal, multi-colored plastic. The sheathing of a panel door itself can also be decorated and made from molded plastic, sheet fiberboard (hardboard), MDF - and from anything, up to natural stone plates. The cost of a panel door is almost entirely determined by its finish.

Paneled door- its canvas is a wooden frame, which consists of strapping (main bars) and mullions (bars that divide the door leaf into parts and connect the strapping bars). The internal openings of the frame are filled with inserts of paneled panels (panels), glass, or a combination thereof. The number of mullions determines the number of panel inserts. Panels and glass are fixed in one of two main ways: directly into the strapping or through an intermediate frame. In any case, the panel must retain "freedom of movement" in the grooves of the strapping and mullions. Often, the junction of panels and glass with strapping elements and mullions is closed with so-called glazing beads, and slabs and layouts are used to decorate large glass surfaces. These elements are made of wood, plastic, MDF, can be decorated with veneer, painted, laminated, etc.

Paneled doors are relatively lightweight and have good sound insulation. A paneled door is much more difficult to manufacture, but thanks to the design features in its design, any design ideas can be realized. Due to the complexity of manufacturing and representative appearance, such products are traditionally referred to as goods of a prestigious level. That is why the market offers significantly more panel doors than panel doors.

Door materials

Chipboard, MDF, Fiberboard- these tree derivatives are quite often used today in the manufacture of doors. These materials are made from wood pulp. MDF is a modern technology material that does not contain phenolic resins and therefore does not emit harmful phenols. It is not subject to cracking, practically does not swell, it is technological in processing, veneer and wood are perfectly glued to it. In terms of manufacturing technology, this material is close to fiberboard, but in this case, the binding component of the fibrous mass is its own wood resins released during hot pressing. Chipboard is also widely used in door production, most of the Spanish models are made from this material. Chipboard allows you to make the entire process of creating doors extremely technological and cheap.

natural array- all-wooden doors at us are considered the best. And this is true, but with a caveat: if these are high-quality products, from well-dried wood (which sometimes takes several years) and without knots. Especially important is the absence of knots in the door frame. Otherwise, it will deform after a while, and the door will stop closing.

Glued array- today it acts as an alternative to the natural array (it is also called type-setting, re-glued). A door made of glued solid wood will not lead, it will not dry out or swell. It can also be installed in bathrooms, which cannot be said about ordinary solid wood doors, no matter what varnish you cover them with.

The re-glued array is made from ordinary dried wood, previously disassembled into small blanks - lamellas. Defective areas and knots are cut out of them, after which the lamellas are glued together into a "microspike". This is how blanks of the required dimensions are obtained, which are then glued into bars. As a result, internal stresses in the wood are removed. Most quality classic doors (and frames) are made from this re-glued wood.

Domestic, as well as Finnish, Lithuanian, Swedish manufacturers most often use solid pine, for high-quality doors - solid beech and oak. Italians often use alder, walnut, cherry, sweet cherry. Not so long ago, doors made of glued solid bamboo appeared, which are not afraid of either water or fire and have a very interesting texture.

Veneer- the outer surfaces of door leafs and frames are usually veneered with fine wood veneer. The quality of veneer veneer is very much affected by the compatibility of materials - veneer is well glued either to "native" wood (for example, oak veneer to oak), or, in the case of different types of wood, to a substrate made of another material (MDF, plywood). It is useless to stick oak veneer on pine or birch - it will not "take root" and will begin to crack or peel off over time. The perfect attachment of the veneer along the edges of the door leaf is especially important.

Finishing interior doors made of wood

A variety of glass panels or inserts used in the door leaf, their type and shape allow you to create different variations of design solutions. As for the glass itself, the countless fantasies about its traditional types (corrugated, frosted, colored, stained glass) are truly impressive. Spectacular insects, flowers, fish can be placed in the internal volume of synthetic glass.

Italian doors (as well as Italian furniture) rightfully occupy leading positions not only in our country, but also in the world. What do you want? They've been doing this for centuries. For example, doors are made there from wood, the age of which is not known for certain. Representatives of factories travel all over the world and collect old beams and other pieces of wood, which are then processed and restored in a special way, painted by hand with paints according to old recipes and drawings. Such doors impress, as well as their price. Significantly cheaper doors made of artificially aged wood, often also with artistic painting.

In addition to aging, door leafs and frames made of natural and glued solid wood (as well as combined ones, there is no difference here) can be painted, tinted, covered with film materials and veneered with fine wood veneer. The most common veneer options today are tanganika (a specially tinted walnut), national walnut, and cherry. Sometimes the veneer is additionally tinted or bleached (maple, oak). "Highlight", for example, Spanish doors is mahogany veneer, Finnish - birch.

Technologies for the manufacture of interior doors

The tree is sensitive to fluctuations in humidity. Therefore, before "going to work", the wood must be subjected to forced drying to a residual moisture value not exceeding 8%. The properties of the obtained wood material strongly depend on the wood drying technology. For example, there are technologies in which hardwood (for example, oak) is dried for 47 days with four steaming. The material is steamed to achieve a strictly uniform removal of internal stresses and guaranteed to avoid cracking of the workpieces. In the old days, wood was kept for several years in a dry, cool room, excluding direct sunlight. Today, modern drying chambers significantly speed up this process. But accelerated drying does not give a full guarantee that the wood will not begin to warp or crack in the future.

Insufficiently dried wood, as well as changes in temperature and humidity in the room, cause internal stresses in the door and, as a result, their deformation - cracking, warping and changing the size of the door. That is why for some expensive imported models it is necessary to constantly maintain almost "greenhouse" conditions in the room with temperature and humidity fluctuations of no more than 8%.

Usually, the finished door leaf is offered for installation in the opening along with the door frame, which is usually made using the same technology and from the same materials as the leaf frame. The technological articulation of the opening and the box is covered with platbands, which are the most important design element and are made of wood, MDF, can be painted, tinted, covered with fine wood veneer.

Interior doors are made without a threshold. Doors for bathrooms can be supplied with a threshold, although models without it are applicable in most modern apartments. For bathrooms, the layout usually provides openings that are smaller in height and narrower than in other rooms. Therefore, if you want to install the same doors throughout the apartment, you will have to look for models in the dimensional lines of which there are canvases under such an opening. Or you will have to shorten the canvas. Just keep in mind that honeycomb doors are poorly suited for this. As for the applicability of doors in "wet" rooms, even veneered models are suitable for this. True, provided that all end surfaces are covered with veneer and well treated with waterproof varnish. When buying an imported door for a bathroom, you can focus on the pentagram icons in the catalogs.

Prices for wooden interior doors

Paneled hinged doors are the undisputed leader in sales. As a rule, each model is offered both in a deaf and glazed version. As for the prices for these models, the most inexpensive products (up to $ 300) are offered by Russian and Spanish manufacturers. Paneled doors costing $300-1000 - this is already a fairly wide range of proposals both in terms of materials and technologies. This range includes products of most foreign manufacturers. Here there are doors entirely made of solid coniferous or precious woods (mahogany, oak, beech, cherry, walnut, ash, alder), models with figured panels and glass, doors inlaid with highly artistic carvings.

There are much fewer models of panel doors than panel doors, but, nevertheless, the fashion does not work for them. Among panel doors, veneered and painted are in the lead. Due to the design features, it is panel models that are most often encrusted with veneer. In addition, their panels are often decorated with various polyester compositions, decorated with window inserts.

Russian factories produce lightweight economy class doors (up to $ 100) with a molded outer panel and honeycomb filling. Some Austrian, German, Russian companies specialize in the production of painted panel products with decorative glass and colored plastic inserts. Traditionally, the range of offers from Italian manufacturers is wide - almost all Italian factories produce a considerable number of panel doors with a wide variety of leaf, frame and trim designs. If you are not ready to buy an Italian prototype for $1000, you are offered a domestic equivalent for $350-500. As they say, there is a choice.

Before buying a door from an array, call the master representative of the company to the house. Only he can say for sure whether the opening will fit, how much it will cost to expand it, whether the wall will withstand the load, and whether this door can even be inserted into this opening.

Glossary of terms - http://*****/page/shpon. html

Voids can be filled with honeycomb filler, made by joining special cardboard in the form of honeycombs, placed on the edge. A 6 mm thick MDF sheet is glued on top of the door leaf structure to give strength and as a basis for gluing PVC film.

And they can be closed with an MDF plate 3.5 cm thick. In this case, the door has increased strength, because MDF is not inferior in strength to natural wood. This design has an impressive weight (30-33 kg). From above, a PVC coating is applied directly to the plate.

Solid wood interior doors are an elite segment in the door market. These products are made from valuable species of natural wood: pine, oak, beech, Karelian birch, mahogany, larch.

Technology for the production of interior doors from solid wood

As a rule, carpentry workshops of individual production are engaged in the manufacture of interior doors from solid wood, but, in general, they all adhere to the following rules:

Splicing is used on mini-studs (re-glued array), which allows you to cut out knots and prevent warping of the elements;

Before use, the material is thoroughly dried, the moisture content of the raw materials used does not exceed 10%;

Details are impregnated with special protective compounds, tinted and varnished;

The parts of the canvas are assembled (sometimes the structure is assembled first and only then a paint and varnish coating is applied to the finished product).

Features of interior doors from solid wood

Solid wood interior doors are extremely sensitive to operating conditions. Humidity should be 50%, and the air temperature should fluctuate between 18-25 ° C. Unsuitable conditions can lead to deformation of the structure: swelling or, conversely, the appearance of cracks.

A distinctive feature of interior doors made of natural material is the heterogeneity of color, that is, different parts of the door leaf may differ in tone. This is due to the angle of light reflection (wood is a fibrous material, the fibers of the longitudinal pillars are located vertically, and the transverse ligaments are horizontal), as well as the impossibility of selecting parts that are identical in color at the door manufacturing stage.

Construction of interior doors

There are three main designs of interior doors:

Collapsible design of interior doors;

Paneled interior doors;

Interior doors with honeycomb filling.

Collapsible design

The use of euro screws in the design of the interior door increases the strength of the finished product and makes it easy to replace the glass in case of damage.

Collapsible design interior doors includes:

Euro screws 15 cm long, which fasten the longitudinal and transverse ligaments to each other.

splicing technology reduces the likelihood of warping and deformation of the material. The finished spliced timber is a homogeneous structure with a zigzag seam at the splicing points. Wood defects, knots, resin bags, which create excessive material tension, which leads to cracking, are completely removed. For the manufacture of longitudinal and transverse ligaments, only dried material should be used, the moisture content of which does not exceed 10 ± 2%.

MDF used for the manufacture of panels and cladding structures. MDF is a medium strength fibreboard. It has a dense texture, flame retardant, moisture resistant, chemical resistant. According to its characteristics, it is not inferior in strength to wood, but is a cheaper material. It is environmentally friendly and has high thermal and sound insulation properties. Its use in combination with wood makes it possible to reduce the reaction of the finished product to high or low humidity and to go beyond the permissible temperature standards. Between the array and the veneer, MDF is laid for a stronger connection between the structure and the facing material and to reduce the likelihood of veneer cracking.

Paneled interior doors

Paneled interior doors are similar in design to collapsible doors and include:

Longitudinal standing elements made of re-glued (jointed) solid pine;

Cross ligaments made of spliced solid pine;

Panel made of MDF;

MDF substrate, 3 mm thick, with which the structure is lined on all sides;

All elements are fastened together with glue, and panels and glass are additionally fastened with wooden baguettes nailed to small carnations or planted on glue.

Interroom doors with honeycomb filling

Interroom doors with honeycomb filling consist of:

Longitudinal standing elements made of re-glued (jointed) solid pine;

Cross ligaments made of spliced solid pine;

Inserts for the lock insert, made of solid wood;

Honeycomb filler, which fills the space between the pillar and transverse elements;

MDF boards, 6 mm thick, with which the structure is lined on all sides to give strength and as a basis for gluing the base;

All elements are fastened together with glue, and panels and glass are additionally fastened with wooden baguettes nailed to small carnations.

Honeycomb filler is made by joining special cardboard in the form of honeycombs, placed on the edge. This design significantly lightens the weight of the canvas, which reduces the load on the hinges. At the same time, interior doors with honeycomb filling have sufficient strength, high heat-insulating and sound-proofing properties.

Other design options for interior doors

In addition to the above, there are some other design options for interior doors. So, for example, instead of a honeycomb filler, a 3 cm thick MDF board or a 3 cm chipboard board can be used.

It should also be noted that the design features of the interior door affect its design features.

So a smooth canvas will either have a honeycomb filler or be formed using an MDF board.

The same (MDF) applies to milled interior doors, when the pattern is applied using a router.

Paneled interior doors can be made using the same technology (with baguettes), or made using a collapsible design.

Standard opening sizes

Each room has its own standards of openings laid down during construction.

Thus, as a rule, the following regularity takes place:

Kitchen - 70x200

Rooms - 80x200

Plumbing - 60x200 or 60x190 or 55x190, depending on the type of house

Second input - 80x200 or 90x200

Swing - 120x200 (you can take two doors of 60 or 60 + 40)

For standard doors, there are typical recommended openings, their dimensions are presented in the table below:


Blade size (mm)	Opening size (mm)

		from 630 to 650	from 2060 to 2090

	from 680 to 700
	from 780 to 800
	from 880 to 900
	from 980 to 1000
	from 1280 to 1300
	from 1480 to 1500
	from 1580 to 1600

Sliding opening systems

Sliding systems - a new round in the organization of space, they allow not only to save space, but really look amazing. Of course, they also have disadvantages, they do not provide high sound insulation and tightness, however, modern systems reduce this problem to a minimum. Any interior door can have a sliding opening system.

The sliding structure can consist of one or two doors. The shutters can be removed into the wall, the so-called pencil case, or moved along the wall. Modern sliding systems do not have skids on the floor, their lower part is fixed with a flag.

There are two types of mechanism, internal (“into the wall”) and external (“along the wall”). The external mechanism exists in two versions - hidden, it involves the formation of a special box or cornice, which is usually done with the help of extensions; and open - made of stainless steel, which is decorative, so it is not removed into the box.

External mechanism ("along the wall").

The hidden mechanism kit for an interior door includes roller carriages (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), a guide (often called a track or rail), two stoppers, a lower flag and metal corners designed to fasten the guide to the wall (Fig. 2).

Tracks are made of aluminium. Stoppers on both sides of the guide limit the movement of the carriages, fixing the web in extreme positions. The lower flag, which is attached to the floor on the side of the opening and inserted into a groove milled along the bottom end of the blade, is needed in order to reduce the backlash of the bottom of the blade.

Sliding doors of two canvases can be equipped with a simple, but very useful device - a synchronizer. It facilitates the opening/closing of the door and prevents one leaf from hitting another. This is a miniature system, which is made up of a steel cable and blocks. If the synchronizer is installed on the doors, where the canvases open in different directions, then it is enough to apply a force (albeit twice as much) to one canvas - and the second one will automatically start moving in the opposite direction. Subsequently, the mechanism is removed into a box, which is constructed in the color of the door from the extensions during installation or covered with a cornice (Fig. 4). However, today not all manufacturers offer an extension with veneered edges, which can be used to close the mechanism without unnecessary manipulation. If you have chosen a door, but there is no corresponding cornice extension, there are two options: either look for such an extension veneered from the ends or order it in a carpentry workshop, or build a box yourself from an existing extension, and close the ends, for example, with an additionally purchased sham lath - it width about 3 cm, or use your own know-how, it all depends on your imagination. By the way, the width of the extension should be 12-15 cm - this is the best solution. Some factories complete their sliding doors with a set for finishing the opening and the corresponding cornice.

In particular, a decorative cornice can be made of the same material and in the same tone as the canvas, while the frame can be in harmony, for example, with the floor or furniture (Fig. 5)

In a sliding design, the box is not required, however, the opening is made out with a decorative finish in the color of the door (Fig. 6) or in the color of the furniture, as already mentioned. To do this, you will need 2.5 extensions of the appropriate thickness (if you put a single door, if you put a double door, then 3 210 cm long, usually this is the standard) and 5 platbands, however, you can use 2.5 platbands and, for example, a 4- 5cm from the side of the 4mm thick door to keep the door closer to the wall. It is desirable that it deviate from it by no more than 0.8 -1 cm, however, most factories offer fairly flat trim, so this does not play a special role. In particular, instead of a trim or strip, you can use decorative corners.

One of the fashion trends is the installation of a sliding door without a frame. The opening is finished in the same way as a wall: plastered, puttied, and then painted or wallpapered.

In addition, there are several options for organizing the design of sliding doors, especially for double-leaf options: movement along the wall (Fig. 7), movement inside the opening (Fig. 8).

It is important for every home owner to equip all rooms with special comfort. Equally important here is given to interior doors. They serve not only to conditionally determine the boundaries, the doors unite all the rooms into a single whole. Therefore, their color, material should be in harmony with decor elements and furniture. The article will focus on solid wood doors.

Types of interior doors

The production of door panels and their components is carried out according to modern technologies using various materials. Diverse execution is able to cater to the needs of any person. The door should be fully consistent with its purpose, but at the same time it should be perfectly combined with the interior decoration of the rooms. It doesn't matter which model you like - the main thing is that all doors are in the same style. Otherwise, heterogeneity will lead to disharmony, a violation of the integrity of the interior.

Masonite doors. The Canadian company Masonite is the ancestor of these doors, from which their name came. The design is a kind of sandwich, where the front sides are made of fiberboard sheets, but there are 3 types of “filling” between them: with paper, bar and fiberboard filler.

Plus. Ecological purity. Attractive external qualities. Low cost. Relatively good performance.

Minus. Low strength, especially for paper-filled doors. Low wear resistance.

Plastic doors. Polyvinyl chloride makes it possible to produce doors of various shapes and in any color scheme. PVC products are undemanding in care, resistant to temperature changes and changes in humidity in the room.

Plus. High strength. Resistance to microclimate changes. The price corresponds to the declared technical characteristics.
Minus. The level of environmental cleanliness is questionable.

Glass doors. Doors made of such material are widely used due to not only exquisite design, but also high strength characteristics. Despite the apparent fragility, it is very difficult to break such a canvas. Three types of glass are used for manufacturing: matolux, triplex and tempered glass.

Plus. Visually enlarge the room. Not afraid of moisture, temperature changes. Made to order.
Minus. High price. They do not give a feeling of warmth and reliability.

Doors interroom from the massif. Particularly noteworthy are canvases made of solid natural wood. Production is carried out both from rare, valuable species of trees, and from quite cheap wood. The canvas can be deaf or have a glass insert.

Solid wood door photo

The re-glued array is a subspecies of wooden doors. The production technology consists in gluing wood bars under pressure. Each manufacturer has his own lumber layout. The calculations are based on numerous strength tests. Thanks to this technique, the canvas is not subjected to deformation.

pros. Absolute harmlessness. Reliability and durability. Respectable appearance.
Minuses. The high price of solid wood doors.

The choice of interior doors according to the method of opening

Solid wood doors are classified according to many criteria. First of all, when choosing, you should decide on the material, and then on the method of opening them. From the design of the door depends on how comfortable and functional their operation will be.

Solid wood swing doors. Common view. These doors open in one direction only. They can have either one or two canvases. Sometimes the sashes differ in size. The swing option is not practical in rooms with a small area, because open doors take up some space and can interfere with free movement.

Pendulum doors. Thanks to a special fastening, they open in both directions. These doors are designed for spacious rooms, since when opening you need free space both on one side and on the other. Cloths for such fasteners should be light, so solid wood is not used here.
Sliding doors. They are opened by sliding the canvas (cloths) along the guides. The design is relevant for small rooms, space is especially saved if the "rails" are installed inside the partition. If such doors are mounted after construction work, then external guides will be needed. Basically, the door frame is made of aluminum or PVC profile, safety glass with a decorative coating acts as an insert.

Folding doors (accordion). Significantly save space. The design consists of several narrow panels that fold like an accordion when opened. Sliding is carried out along the upper, sometimes lower guides. Panels can be deaf or with stained glass inserts. The frame is made from different materials.
stable doors. Type of swing doors. Here, the doors are not divided vertically, but horizontally, where each has its own fasteners and locks. This version of the doors is installed more often in private houses, so the lower leaf does not allow living creatures to penetrate from the street, and the upper one serves for ventilation. Usually the lower part is deaf, and the upper part may have a transparent insert. In apartments, stable doors are rarely mounted.

Types of wood for solid wood doors

Aesthetic and performance characteristics depend on 2 things - the production process and the wood itself. Each breed has distinctive features, the manufacturer can only enhance the unique properties or minimize their negative sides. As a result of the "tandem", the consumer receives a durable canvas with high aesthetic qualities.

Solid oak doors

Such wood is synonymous with hardness, strength and steadfastness. Its light pink texture with dark brown veins attracts many consumers. Over time, the product darkens, thereby acquiring a noble appearance.

Strength characteristics are the key to the reliability of the door leaf. If oak wood has been properly dried and processed, then such doors will last for decades. Of the shortcomings, only the weight of the product can be noted.

Solid beech doors

Its wood is only slightly inferior to oak in terms of mechanical properties. Uniform with a light cream shade, it allows the doors to fit into almost any interior. The array is perfectly amenable to processing and grinding, which makes it possible to produce high quality door leafs.
From the point of view of professionals, beech wood is a little "capricious" - it feels a change in the level of humidity in the room. However, if the production of the canvas was carried out at a large enterprise using expensive equipment in compliance with all technological processes, then no moisture will be terrible for the beech. Solid beech interior doors have the most positive feedback from owners.

Ash wood doors

This valuable wood with unique properties is used for the manufacture of canvases along with oak and beech. Strength characteristics surpass even those of oak. The wood is resilient and flexible, which allows it to be used for the production of doors of complex, intricate shapes.

Ash offers a wide range of shades - from light to dark. It is known that the best characteristics are shown by wood at the bark than at the core of the trunk. So, light shades of ash wood predominate just at the bark.
Products from this breed are not subject to deformation, perfectly respond to temperature changes and high humidity, are resistant to mechanical stress, and are not demanding in care.

Solid pine doors

The canvas of pine wood has an attractive texture and pleasant aroma. But low density cannot withstand mechanical stress for a long time. In addition, pine does not tolerate wet conditions, and therefore, the canvas is not recommended for installation in kitchens and bathrooms. Since all doors must be the same for a harmonious interior, pine door leaves are more suitable for offices than for home.
Another disadvantage of this wood is resins that can be released during operation. Therefore, most consumers prefer doors made of solid alder, which always remain "clean".

exotic breeds

This category includes trees that grow in tropical forests. Sequoia, mahogany, wenge, ebony - behind outlandish names are hidden: unique strength characteristics, texture of amazing beauty. You can buy interior doors from an array of these types of wood only in elite hardware stores.

Additional elements for solid wood doors

The interior door includes not only the canvas, most of it is occupied by components: platbands, a box, a threshold, accessories, and so on. In the end result, the total cost of the accompanying "little things" can be compared with the price of the door leaf.

It is important to remember that the additional elements must be made of the same wood as the door. A serious manufacturer conducts certification of manufactured products.
Before purchasing, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with all accompanying documents. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to know the regulatory provisions of GOST and SNiP, it is enough that the papers are available.

Solid wood door measurement

Before you go to the store, you need to measure the doorway and based on these data, you can start choosing the canvas. It is advisable to do all calculations only after the installation of the floor covering. In other cases, it is necessary to take into account how much the floor level can rise after completion of work.

Opening width. Construction tape measure the width of the opening at least 3-4 points (top, bottom, middle). The minimum value is taken as the basis. If it is possible to correct the wall, for example, locally knock out concrete, brick, or vice versa, apply a little mortar, then here it is quite possible to take the arithmetic mean. In the calculations, the mounting gap should be taken into account - 5-10 cm on each side.

Opening height. Height is measured in a similar way (right, left, middle). Do not forget to take into account the level of the floor.

Tip: canvases from domestic manufacturers are produced mainly of standard height, that is, 2 meters, which means that the height under the box should be 2.07-2.10 m. At this stage, it is better to refine the opening in height.

It is important to consider whether the door will be with or without a threshold.

Wall thickness. This indicator will help determine whether there will be a need for the use of extras. Extensions are panels that are installed in cases where the thickness of the wall is greater than the width of the box. It should be noted that the standard size is 7.5 cm.

Highlights when installing solid wood doors

Installation of a box, a door leaf requires not only a skill, but also a special tool for inserting hinges and locks. Doing your own installation work is not recommended. Not every craftsman is able to insert fittings into the canvas, especially from precious woods, where errors often cannot be corrected.

It is worth noting that the doors may have different readiness for installation:

The set includes a box, a platband and a canvas. Fitting the dimensions of the door frame, inserting hinges and locks is carried out independently.

the door door is completely ready for installation, that is, it only needs to be mounted.

The gap between the door leaf and the box on the sides and top should be 2 mm, from the bottom about 6 mm, if carpets are provided in the room, then the distance is increased.
The canvas, made of solid wood, is mounted on 3 door hinges (top, bottom, middle). For such heavy doors, it is better to use semi-articulated canopies, in which case the removal of the leaf will be easier. 25 cm are measured from the bottom and top of the door, extreme canopies are placed at these points, another canopy will be located in the center, that is, at a distance of 1 m from the top or bottom of the canvas.

Do-it-yourself ways to install a door from an array

There are 2 main methods for installing doors with your own hands. Here you only need to choose the best option.

First way

In accordance with the door leaf, a box is assembled. Places are cut out for hinges, a lock and a door handle. The block is installed in the opening and fixed with wooden wedges, observing the vertical and horizontal in all planes.
Fastening to the wall is carried out by means of self-tapping screws or dowels, depending on what material the wall or partition is made of. In the closed position, spacers are inserted between the canvas and the box, for this you can use a fiberboard sheet 2-3 mm thick. The space between the wedges and the wall is filled with foam.

Second way

The door frame is cut to the size of the canvas, fixed in the opening with the help of hardware, wedges, foam. After the foam has completely dried, a lock is cut in, sheds are installed. This method is more suitable for light doors, since it will be quite difficult to keep a massive canvas on weight, checking the compliance of all elements.
As for the platbands, their joining can be done by cutting at an angle of 45 ° or 90 °. Fasteners are carried out with finishing nails, the absence of hats makes them almost invisible.

Solid wood door care

The coating, made in the factory, provides reliable protection. But during operation, various situations may occur when restoration work may be necessary.

The most common defect is a scratch, which is quite easy to fix. The damaged area is moistened and gently sanded with fine sandpaper. The polishing wax is then rubbed in with a soft cloth.

As a rule, solid wood doors do not require special care. Cleaning is carried out only by special means. Do not use abrasive cleaners, as chemical constituents may interact with the wood, which will cause discoloration and may accelerate natural aging.
To remove dust, just wipe the door with a slightly damp cloth. The procedure is repeated with a dry soft cloth to remove wet stains.

Massive doors made of high-quality wood, in compliance with all technological processes, will last for many decades.

Method for manufacturing interior doors

According to the manufacturing method, "classic" doors are divided into panel and panel doors.

Door materials

Finishing interior doors made of wood

Technologies for the manufacture of interior doors

Prices for wooden interior doors

Hinged interior doors are a classic of the interior of any room, the most popular type of doors.

The device of swing doors does not require a detailed analysis, because. in everyday life, each person uses them constantly, it is better to evaluate the quality characteristics, style and design features of the product.

Materials from which interior doors are made:

An array of various woods - oak, beech, ash, alder, etc.;

MDF (medium density fibreboard material, pressed, binder - lignin, more environmentally friendly compared to NDF or HDF);

NDF (high-density fibreboard material - adhesive binder);

Chipboard (chipboard material - little used in the manufacture of doors due to its low density. The binder component is glue);

Glass;

Plastic (usually foamed, if we are talking about interior doors, not to be confused with plastic windows and street-type doors!).

Wealthy buyers prefer products made from natural wood of expensive woods such as oak, beech, ash, etc. Bright domestic representatives of this market segment are doors made of solid wood of beech, ash, oak, and alder produced by Caucasian Forest, Bryansk Forest, OSB - array, Alvero - Leader array, Title (Volkhovets), Italian firms Longhi, Garofoli, Master, as well as Spanish firms Puertas, Castalla. The products of these companies are the most expensive on the market for interior doors, the price is formed on the basis of the quality of the material, the famous design and the high level of workmanship. Most furniture factories need at least 1 cubic meter of precious wood to produce 2 solid wood doors. Currently, door market leaders are actively using the technology of re-glued solid wood. It allows you to significantly save expensive material, and also has a positive effect on the structural, technical and behavioral aspects of the door leaf, frames, trim and other decorative elements. A door made of type-setting, re-glued solid oak, beech or ash is more stable in conditions of changeable humidity and temperature conditions, less prone to deformation, increase in size and cracking. This is fundamentally important if the doors are painted with enamel, especially white, where any crack will be in the most visible place. Leading manufacturers of solid wood doors and furniture also actively use high quality ISO certified MDF. For example, from it, in part - which is very important, panels, extensions and slats, platbands and cornices can be made.

Cheaper options for solid wood doors are presented by Russian and Belarusian manufacturers, such as Prestige, Sodruzhestvo, OKA, Doka Doors, etc., Finnish factories Alavus, Wirebo or the Spanish manufacturer Portadeza. Doors in most cases are made of softwood, although OKA and Doka Doors are actively used in the production of doors and solid oak, alder. In appearance, products made of spruce or pine practically do not differ from expensive analogues if the door surface is veneered with expensive wood veneer. To reduce the cost of the product, MDF and veneer are also used.

Door weight

Solid wood doors have aesthetic beauty, they are reliable and prestigious, but there are certain disadvantages, for example, the relatively large weight of the product, they suffer from high humidity and temperature changes, unlike products made of chipboard, MDF or NDF. During operation, the tree is deformed, especially if the manufacturer's instructions are not frankly observed or if the doors are made of a solid, not re-glued array. The weight of the product is reduced when using wood-based materials with honeycomb filling, while the appearance of the doors is not inferior to expensive solid wood products.

For the manufacture of the door leaf, wood-based materials are widely used. The door has a rigid frame made of inexpensive tree species (pine, spruce), frame lining is made of HDF or MDF with veneer, laminate, paint on the product surface or eco-veneer is used. In the production of the box, an array of conifers, plywood, MDF, a combination of MDF and wood are used.

Domestic companies Framir, Optim, ROSTRA, Volkhovets and others, as well as foreign companies - Spanish Vesel and Finnish Alavus - are engaged in the production of doors from wood-based materials. Some enterprises are located in St. Petersburg and have a city-forming value.

The market of St. Petersburg is represented by doors with a laminate coating, the Russian factory Volkhovets, Framir, Rosta, the FORMO Doors company, the Italian firms Garofoli, Coplegnio and others are engaged in the production of this type of door. Laminate allows the manufacturer to imitate various types of wood. These doors are related to budget options and are not presented in the salons of interior doors "Dorsico"

Decorative paper-laminated plastic is applied to facing of doors. Products are not affected by dirt, moisture and are easy to use. Soundproof interior doors are used mainly as a second entrance and do not differ in appearance from other doors inside the room.

The range of styles of interior doors is diverse - from classic options to hi-tech. Doors are made to order, in accordance with the wishes of the client, or standard options are purchased in stores.

Veneered products in aesthetic terms look, for an unenlightened consumer, as well as solid wood doors. In products covered with veneer, the manufacturer can make his own color scheme on each side of the door, which is not possible in solid wood products, but the veneer can peel off over time, especially if the technology is not consistent or a low-quality batch of glue is caught, for example. Much more practical and durable is a canvas covered with wood lamellae 4-8 mm thick. The firm "Kavkazsky Les", for example, produces doors from stacked, re-glued solid beech and ash, covered with 5 mm lamellas.

You can create a unique interior of the room with the help of glass doors. Glass is used for original design solutions, rooms with transparent doors visually become lighter and larger. Among the Russian manufacturers, it is worth highlighting the glass doors "Akma" produced using modern technologies in St. Petersburg.

accessories

One of the main design elements of interior doors is fittings. Expensive fittings are produced by many European companies, the most popular are Italian Morelli, Archi, AGB, Bal, Colombo and German Boda.

Door handles are covered with different types of sputtering - gold and black nickel, bronze plating, chrome, epoxy protective layer.

Hi-tech and modern styles in modern interior design trends are represented by a combination of aluminum, glass, stones and crystals, wood. Representatives of this direction are the Italian factory "Morelli".

The choice of such a design element as interior doors, whether made of solid wood or glass, designer painted MDF or finished with budget veneer or laminate, is an important issue that requires careful analysis. At the design stage, the choice of material and style of doors is analyzed, and an order is made for the selected product. For the production and delivery of foreign-made doors, it takes about 3-4 months, and Russian-made premium doors will have to wait about a month.