Paragraph 18 Aquarium is a small artificial ecosystem. Aquarium as an Ecosystem Model

Lesson of the world around in grade 3 using multimedia.

Topic: Aquarium - a small artificial ecosystem.

Objectives: - to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium; with the inhabitants of the aquarium; learn how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem.

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Lesson of the world around in grade 3 using multimedia.

Sakhnova Nadezhda Vasilievna, primary school teacher.

Topic: Aquarium - a small artificial ecosystem.

Objectives: - to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium; with the inhabitants of the aquarium; teach how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem;

Contribute to the formation of an emotionally positive attitude to the process of cognition;

To form a positive emotional attitude to high-tech equipment, including multimedia;

Contribute to the formation of innovative - active consciousness;

Equipment: PC, multimedia projector, Microsoft Power Point presentation, aquarium, illustrations of aquarium fish and plants, individual task cards, test, books about the inhabitants of the aquarium.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Hello guys! I'm glad to see you all. Please turn to the guests, smile at them, say hello. Smile at me and I at you. Sit down. Dear children, dear guests! May this lesson bring us the joy of communication and fill our souls with wonderful feelings.

2. Acquaintance with the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Guys, what are we going to talk about today at the lesson of the world around us?

Review these slides and try to formulate the theme and purpose of the lesson for yourself.

(presentation: 9 slides about aquarium music)

So, the topic of our lesson (children's answers) click. click slide "Aquarium - a small artificial eco system."

Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with another artificial ecosystem, small in comparison with the field ecosystem, with the aquarium ecosystem.

3.Updating knowledge.

Test.

What is an ecosystem? Let's test our knowledge by doing a quiz.

Take cards. Read the answers. Find the correct answer and tick it.

We work in pairs. Swap jobs, help each other. Reading the answer _____

(slide - checking the performance of the test by key. Raise your hand, who completed the test correctly).

2. Blitz survey.

What ecosystems are we familiar with?

(swamp, lake, meadow, forest, field).

What are the parts of an ecosystem?

What "professions" of living organisms are necessary for the cycle in the ecosystem to be closed?

Why, over time, one ecosystem can gradually move into another ecosystem?

What is an artificial ecosystem? Give an example.

3. Statement of a problem question.

Is it easy to create an artificial ecosystem? What is needed for this?

4. Working with the textbook p. 72. Reading the dialogue.

Our constant heroes Lena and Misha tried to create an artificial ecosystem, but they had problems. Help them solve these problems. Read What Didn't Work?

5. Reading the dialogue. Misha _______, Lena ______________

Questions after reading:

What ecosystem did Misha and Lena create?

Aquarium.

What is it - natural or artificial? Why?

Artificial, because it was created by man.

Why is it difficult for fish to breathe in Lena and Misha's aquarium?

There are no seaweed producers. They oxygenate the water.

4 .Cooperative discovery of new knowledge. Explanation of new material.

1. Fulfillment of task No. 2.

Consider the drawing in the textbook and on the screen and name the components of the ecosystem: sign the non-living parts of the aquarium ecosystem and the “professions” of living organisms.

2. Fulfillment of task No. 3.

Why should there be organisms of different professions in an aquarium?

Let's fill in the table.

What do manufacturers give to other organisms and what do they get?

What do consumers give and what do they receive?

What do the destroyers give and what do they get?

Let's make a conclusion.

5. Physical education minute.

The sea is worried

The sea is worried two,

The sea is rough three

Ships sink in the water.

Mermaids float on the waves

They dance, spin and sing.

And the seagulls flap their wings over those blue waves.

6. Protection of the project "Aquarium-small artificial ecosystem".

All week the children were researchers of living organisms in the aquarium. To do this, they were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 studied plants, group 2 - aquarium animals, group 3 - scavengers, group 4 - inanimate objects. We called them historians - aquarists. The children visited a pet store, a library, interviewed an experienced aquarist, read an encyclopedia, the Internet. Here's what they got.

1. In the explanatory dictionary of S. I. Ozhegov it is said: aquarium- this is an artificial reservoir or a glass container with water for keeping fish, aquatic plants and animals.

The first aquarium appeared in China in the second half of the fourteenth century. It was made of porcelain in the form of a huge vat and very soon became widespread in the palaces of the nobility. It was in China that various types of goldfish were bred from ordinary crucian carp. In Russia, aquaristics began to develop from the end of the nineteenth century.

The aquarium begins with the preparation of the soil. For this, washed, coarse-grained sand or pebbles (4-6 cm layer) are specially selected. Do not put shells on the bottom of the aquarium, as the water becomes hard from them. Tap water for the aquarium is defended for 5-7 days. Then water is poured into a special glass container and soil is laid.

2. After a couple of days, aquatic plants are planted in the aquarium.They form the basis of the created ecosystem, providing the production of oxygen, the absorption of carbon and the creation of organic substances that fish need for food. The plants also serve decorative purposes. All aquarium plants are often incorrectly referred to as algae. In fact, flowering plants with beautiful leaves are placed in the aquarium.

(slide click yellow capsule, click riccia (water moss), click

hornwort, click ludwig).

3. The most common inhabitants of the aquarium are fish.Fish are warm-water and cold-water. American fish are kept in a warm-water aquarium: guppies, barbs, swordtails. Look at them.

(barb slide click, guppy click, angelfish click, piranha click, parrot click, catfish click).

4. Catfish are real "scavengers".They swim at the bottom and clean the aquarium of food debris. It turns out that catfish are like you and me. breathe the air of the atmosphere. To do this, they occasionally stick out of the water.

5. Turtle. Turtles in the aquarium are much less common. After all, they eat fish, often gnaw plants. Therefore, it is better to plant them in a separate aquarium.

(Show children live turtles).

6. What do they feed the fish with?

(Cyclops, daphnia, food display)

Name reasonable rules for feeding fish.

(Children with drawings come out and say the rules).

Do not overfeed fish. Feed little but often.

Change water 1-2 times a week.

Warm-water fish should be kept separate from cold-water, predatory and non-predatory.

Aquarium-house for fish.

7. Final reflection.

Conversation.

Who has the desire to have an aquarium at home?

Who has an aquarium with its inhabitants?

What advice would you give to other guys who want to have an aquarium?

We now have our own aquarium in the classroom. Let's check, is our aquarium an ecosystem? Prove it.

What ecosystem? Is the cycle of substances in our aquarium closed or not? Why? So, the life of the fish depends on whom?

(slide click “We are responsible for those we have tamed” A. Saint-Exupery)

How do you understand these words?

If it is difficult to create a small artificial ecosystem, and even more difficult to maintain, why would a person need an aquarium?

What gives a person knowledge of the aquarium?

(Give a charge of energy and vivacity. Relieves stress, reduces blood pressure, fatigue).

Raise your hand, who received a charge of vivacity, the joy of communication, the joy of knowledge?

8.Relaxation.
- The aquarium world is rich and varied. Love them more.

(presentation to music slide show about the inhabitants of the aquarium).

Have we learned everything about the aquarium?

Where do we get knowledge?

(Exhibition of books.)

9. Homework.

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from 1 to 5 hazard class

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An aquarium is a small ecosystem that has all the features of an ecosystem. Despite the fact that it is artificial, that is, created with the help of a person, it is easy to trace the main biological and ecological patterns using its example. An aquarium as an ecosystem is a simple and understandable model. It is often used for explanation in schools and colleges.

Often in biology lessons you can hear the question: why can an aquarium be called a model of an ecosystem? Name or list the main ecological groups of animals and plants? Let's figure out what actually happens behind the glass, and how living organisms manage to organize themselves into an ecosystem.

An ecosystem, by definition, is a unity of habitat and living organisms. Within the ecosystem, each organism performs its biological role, maintaining the overall balance of the system and participating in the circulation of substances.

Ecological groups of organisms

There are three main groups of organisms:

Producers are producers.
Consumers are consumers.
Decomposers are destroyers.

Producers are predominantly plant organisms. This also includes some types of cyanobacteria. Producers create organic matter. How do they do it? Through photosynthesis. Organic substances are formed in plants from mineral substances, which the plant uses for growth and development. Therefore, the ecosystem in the aquarium is not left without food. You can see that even with enough food, fish still eat algae - because this is their natural behavior.

The second group is consumers. This includes virtually all animals that eat plants or other animals. Those who eat plant foods are called first-order consumers. They are eaten by second-order consumers, and so on. Usually aquarists do not keep second-order consumers together with herbivores - few people want fish to eat each other.

Destroyers are mostly fungi and bacteria. In addition to them, the destroyers in the aquarium include snails and catfish that clean the walls. Destroyers are needed for processing spent and dead organics. If they did not exist, then the water would quickly become polluted.

Thus, within the framework of an aquarium, an artificial ecosystem is organized in accordance with the basic ecological rules. The closed aquarium ecosystem is not perfect, therefore it requires human support.

Aquarium features

The size and shape differ depending on its purpose. Rectangular or bowl-shaped vessels are most often installed in houses - fish are better visible in them.

There are several types according to purpose:

For rearing fry. After they are transplanted into aquariums for adult fish.
Decorative - designed for installation in public places and residential premises. They can be of various shapes and sizes.
Quarantine - for keeping sick fish until recovery. Experienced breeders also put freshly acquired fish in them - to make sure that they are not sick.
Spawning - fish spawn in them. The fry are then transplanted into a special aquarium.

There are other varieties - for example, breeding aquariums and jigging.

As for the form, the choice depends on the purpose. A round vessel is great for decoration - but its volume is small, and the number of species available for maintenance is limited. You can keep swordtails, mollies, guppies in it. Other species will survive, but most likely will not breed in a cramped space. In addition, it is difficult to install additional equipment in a round bowl. Another problem is the distortion of light, which negatively affects the behavior and health of fish.

The most popular is rectangular. The volume depends on the number and types of fish. Before buying, it is better to consult with an experienced aquarist.

Impact on a person

Aquarium as a small artificial ecosystem is very easy to care for, so aquariums, called anti-stress, are often installed in places of long waiting. A closed ecosystem behind glass is a great way to calm down and relax.

Psychologists advise installing aquariums to anyone who is prone to anxiety. Calm contemplation allows you to quickly restore performance, relieves emotional stress.

There are more obvious physiological effects - evaporating water moisturizes the air, which means it makes it easier to fall asleep. In children, caring for aquarium fish awakens a sense of responsibility, and watching them helps to develop creativity.

Sections: elementary School

Class: 3

Type of lesson: combined lesson

Lesson Objectives:

to introduce students to the components of the ecosystem using the example of an aquarium;
check the degree of assimilation by students of the previously studied field ecosystem;
develop logical thinking through comparison and establishment of cause-and-effect relationships;
teach students how to maintain an aquarium ecosystem;
develop respect for nature.

Equipment:

scheme of the ecosystem of the field, aquarium;
illustrations (aquarium fish, animals, plants);
textbook - notebook for grade 3 "Inhabitants of the Earth" part 1 (author coll. A.A. Vakhrushev, O.V. Bursky, A.S. Rautian);
media projector;
test cards.

Basic concepts of the lesson:

ecosystem,
power chain,
three "professions"
aquarium,
aquarium plants,
aquarium animals,
the importance of aquariums.

Definition of lesson concepts:

Ecosystem - the unity of living organisms and their habitats, in which living organisms of different "professions" are able to jointly maintain the circulation of substances.

Power circuit - a sequence of species of organisms, each of which eats the previous one.

Three professions:

Producers (“breadwinners”)- living organisms (mainly plants) that create organic substances from inorganic, mineral substances.
Consumers (“eaters”)- living organisms (mainly animals) that use ready-made organic substances as food.
Destroyers ("scavengers")- living organisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) that use the remains of dead organisms for nutrition. They process organic substances, decomposing them into simpler organic and mineral substances.

Aquarium - a vessel with water, inhabited by aquatic inhabitants.

Lesson plan:

Lesson stages	Types and forms of work
1. Org. moment	Greetings
2. Checking students' knowledge	Blitz Poll Field Ecosystem Test Development of self-control skills
3. Problem situation and updating knowledge (output on the topic of the lesson)	Blitz Poll Heuristic conversation based on the personal experience of children
4. Co-discovery of knowledge	Heuristic conversation based on the personal experience of children. Explanation of new material. Work with the textbook. Children's messages.
5. Physical education	A set of exercises
6. The stage of consolidating the studied	Learning how to apply knowledge independently Working with the textbook
7. Summing up	Reflection. Drawing up an “Aquarium Ecosystem” model
8. Homework	Differentiation
9. Relaxation	Watching a movie

DURING THE CLASSES

slide 1

Org. Moment

Checking students' knowledge

1. Blitz survey

2. Test “Ecosystem of the field”

Let's check how you learned the material of the last lesson. Let's execute the test "Ecosystem of the field" ( test sheets on desks)

The field is...

natural ecosystem;
artificial ecosystem.

Cultivated plants are...

dandelion, bindweed, sow thistle;
sunflower, flax, rice.

Cornflower, thistle, bindweed in the ecosystem of the field is ...

weeds;
bright flowers.

Biological warfare is a method of defense using ...

pesticides;
living assistants.

Check your work.

Summarize:

What are the main differences between fields and natural ecosystems? ( Huge dependence on the person. The circulation of substances in the fields is not closed, so the field cannot live without human help. This ecosystem is artificial)

What “professions” in the cycle in the fields have to be performed by a person? ( destroyers - (introducing minerals, plowing fields, weeding, pest control; producers; consumers - harvests)

Well done! You have mastered the topic “Field Ecosystem” well.

Problem situation and updating of knowledge

1. Blitz survey

Teacher

Children

- Recall the main concepts of the topic again

Draw a diagram on the board as questions are answered)

ECOSYSTEM
THE CYCLE OF SUBSTANCES
POWER CHAINS
NON-LIVING COMPONENTS	LIVING ORGANISMS
	MANUFACTURERS
	CONSUMERS
	DESTROYERS

NATURAL	ARTIFICIAL

- What is an ecosystem?

ECOSYSTEM - the unity of living organisms and their habitats, in which living organisms of different "professions" are able to jointly maintain the circulation of substances.

- What are the components of an ecosystem?

- What “professions” of living organisms are necessary for the cycle in the ecosystem to be closed?

We need “producers” (“breadwinners”), consumers (“eaters”), destroyers (“scavengers”)

- What is an artificial ecosystem?

Ecosystem created by man.

- Is it easy to create an artificial ecosystem? What is needed for this?

2. Statement of the problem

Each person, if desired, can create a small ecological system. You don't have to be a wizard to do this.

Let's try to determine the topic and objectives of the lesson. Solve the riddle.

This house is not wooden click
This house is not made of stone. click
He is transparent click
He is glass click
There is no number on it... click
And the residents in it are not simple, click
Not simple, gold. click
These same residents
famous swimmers.

Co-discovery of knowledge

1. Heuristic conversation


- Our assistant Lena tried to create an artificial ecosystem, but she had problems. Help her solve these problems.	Consider the drawing.
- What ecosystem did Lena create?	Lena created an ecosystem - an aquarium.
- What is it - natural or artificial? Why?	An aquarium is an artificial ecosystem, because it is created by a person.
- Why is it difficult for fish to breathe in Lena's aquarium?	- Lena has no breeding plants in her aquarium. They oxygenate the water.
- What ecosystem components do we find in an aquarium?	Living and non-living components of the ecosystem: air, water, soil, living organisms (producers, consumers, destroyers).

2. Explanation of new material.

Slide 9 (View presentation)

A variety of beautiful fish are bred in the aquarium. But in order for the fish to live for a long time and even be able to breed, it is necessary to prepare an appropriate habitat for them.

Slide 10 - Where to start? (From ground preparation.)

Slide 11 - From the preparation of the soil. For this, washed, coarse-grained sand or pebbles (4-6 cm layer) are specially selected. Do not put shells on the bottom of the aquarium, as the water becomes hard from them. Tap water for the aquarium is defended for 5-7 days. Then water is poured into a special glass container and soil is laid.

Slide 12 After a couple of days, aquatic plants are planted in the aquarium. They form the basis of the created ecosystem, providing the production of oxygen, the absorption of carbon and the creation of organic substances that fish need for food. The plants also serve decorative purposes.

Slide 13 All year round grow well in warm and cold water aquariums Vallisneria, Elodea, Riccia.

Slide 14 Tropical plants are common: cryptocorynes with multi-colored leaves, lancet echinodorus, glossy ludwigia, fluffy myriophyllu, rotala, hornwort, cabomba, pistia.

Then it is necessary to introduce microorganisms into the aquatic environment - various bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae. They are an essential element of the ecosystem, providing habitat restoration.

Slide 15 Now the environmental conditions make it possible to place larger inhabitants - fish - in a man-made reservoir. For an aquarium, they select such fish that live in nature in some areas ( geographical principle), or those that live in the same environmental conditions ( biological principle). It is recommended to keep cold-water fish separately from warm-water fish, and predatory fish from non-predatory ones.

At home, it is easier to create a warm-water aquarium than a cold-water one. Therefore, tropical fish are more frequent inhabitants of indoor aquariums.

Slide 16 American fish breeds are kept in a warm-water aquarium: guppies, Slide 17 swordtails, Slide 18 catfish, platy, limium, Slide 19 girardinus.

Often Asian fish are settled in the same aquarium. zebrafish, barbs, cardinals or South American glowing fish neon, fireflies and others.

Slide 20 In a cold-water aquarium, fish live in the reservoirs of Russia: verkhovka, crucian carp, mustard, small individuals plucking, carp, tench.

slide 21 BUT also contain breeds of goldfish: veiltails, telescopes, Slide 22 lion heads.

Slide 23 Other animals are sometimes settled in the aquarium: mollusks, crustaceans, turtles, snails.

Which of you has an aquarium with its inhabitants?

What advice would you give to those guys who want to have an aquarium and breed fish?

The most important thing is to understand that it is difficult to create an artificial ecosystem, even a small one. This requires knowledge, patience, love for little friends. If you're serious about making your own little artificial ecosystem, find a book about aquariums and read it carefully. Or visit a dedicated website.

3. Work with the textbook

Consider the drawing in task 2 on p.72.

Find the components of an ecosystem: the non-living parts of the aquarium ecosystem and the "professions" of living organisms. ( Looking at the drawing: 1 - soil; 2 - water; 3 - algae-producers; 4 - crustaceans-consumers; 5 - fish - consumers; 6 - snails-destroyers; 7 - microbes-destroyers)

4. Student messages

Some guys have prepared messages about the inhabitants of the aquarium. Let's listen to them.

Fizkultminutka.
Primary consolidation of the studied material.

1. Conversation

Why is an aquarium called a small artificial ecosystem? ( An aquarium is an ecosystem because it has all the components of an ecosystem. It is called artificial because it is man made.)

List all participants in the cycle of substances in the aquarium. (Producers - algae (plants). Consumers - fish. Destroyers - catfish (fish), microbes, snails)

2. Complete task 4 on page 76.

What needs to be done in task 4? ( It is necessary to correct the mistakes made in the maintenance of aquarium fish.)

What mistake did the owner of the first aquarium make? ( There are few plants in the aquarium.)

What mistake is made in keeping the fish in the second picture? ( There are a lot of fish in the aquarium. You need to buy a larger aquarium or transfer some of the fish to another aquarium)

The main condition for the successful keeping of fish in a cold-water aquarium, for example, goldfish breeds, is their low stocking density, that is, at least 5 liters of water should fall on each 5 cm long fish. Water in such aquariums must be purged and filtered. ( Correlate the size of a five-liter jar and a fish (5cm))

3. Complete task 5 on page 76.

Guys, you need to determine in which parts of the world the homeland of aquarium fish is located, then sign the names of the fish.

Slide 24 click

Somik was born in South America (Brazil, Uruguay).

Slide 25 click

Swordsman - in North America (Southern Mexico, Guatemala).

Slide 26 click

motherland guppies– South America (Guyana, Venezuela).

slide 27 click

motherland angelfish- South America.

slide 28 click

Barbus was born in South Asia (India).

slide 29 click

Motherland lion heads is China.

Summarizing. Reflection.

What condition must be met for an aquarium to exist? ( It is necessary that all components of the ecosystem be present in it, and its inhabitants should support the circulation of substances.)

Modeling on the board (2 aquariums: warm water, cold water)

What new did you learn in the lesson?

What do you remember?

What else would you like to talk about in the lessons of the world around you?

Homework.

2. Written task: answer questions 10, 11, 12, 13 in the textbook on page 77

3. Prepare messages about the living inhabitants of the aquarium ecosystem ( optional)

Relaxation

Video clip “Coral Paradise”

Teacher: We are finishing our acquaintance with the ecosystem - an aquarium, its beautiful plants, various animals. The aquarium is, as it were, a particle of the underwater world, transferred to the room. It hides many mysteries, and observing it is unusually fascinating. At the same time, the aquarium is an artificially torn piece of the underwater kingdom, which is doomed to drag out a miserable existence in the name of satisfying the whims of its owner. Both of these statements are true, because, on the one hand, it will never be possible to exactly copy all the details of natural reservoirs, and on the other hand, the well-being of the aquarium world is entirely in the hands of the owner. Environmentally competent handling of the aquarium will bring the living conditions of pets as close as possible to natural ones, and ignorance of the laws of the life of the underwater world will lead to a violation of harmony and death of pets. I hope that the lesson was exciting and interesting for you, you learned a lot about the aquarium. Let's smile goodbye to all the inhabitants of the aquarium, smile at each other, watch the inhabitants of the aquarium in their natural habitat - coral reefs and enjoy our wonderful nature.

Thank you for your work!

Once in the summer, Lena scooped up a whole jar of water in the lake, planted crucian carp there and began to observe. Every day the water had to be changed, otherwise it would become cloudy and the fish would have nothing to breathe. Lena did not understand why her small aquarium required constant attention, and she asked Misha about it.

Brother reminded Lena that aquarium— it is a small artificial ecosystem. An ecosystem is stable only if the laws of nature operate in it. Misha advised Lena to remember everything she knows about ecosystems.

Let's try to trace the role of various inhabitants of the aquarium in the cycle of substances.

green plants(“breadwinners”) produce organic food and oxygen from simple substances in the world for themselves and for all the inhabitants of the aquarium. small crustaceans(daphnia and cyclops), mollusks and fish use oxygen (dissolved in water) for breathing and release carbon dioxide, which is again absorbed by plants.

But making an aquarium a true ecological system—one that could exist without human intervention—is very difficult. For this, plants and animals in the aquarium must be selected with skill.

Let's get acquainted with the usual inhabitants of aquariums. All aquarium plants are often misnamed algae. In fact, in addition to algae, some are usually placed in an aquarium. flowering plants with beautiful leaves. They bloom very rarely, but live in an aquarium for a long time.

The most common inhabitants of aquariums - fish. Get to know the main types of aquarium fish. Most of them come from the tropics, so the water in the aquarium should be warm - from 20 to 27 ° C. Most Popular guppies and swordsmen, as they are very unpretentious and easy to maintain.

Of course, not all fish kept in an aquarium come from the tropics. Long time ago in China golden carp, a relative of our crucian, brought out goldfish. Insofar as carp live in a temperate climate, goldfish are kept in colder water compared to tropical ones. material from the site

In addition to fish, others are sometimes placed in the aquarium. animals: shellfish, crayfish, turtles. The most common of them are the inhabitants of the aquarium - shellfish coils. Rarely seen larger snails — ampoule.

Very often, the illuminated glass of aquariums is overgrown with green slime- the smallest algae. They emit life-giving oxygen, but block the light. Come to the rescue snail coils, which clean the algae from the glass.

crayfish and turtles can be seen in aquariums much less often. After all, they are predators and eat fish, often gnaw and tear out plants. Therefore, it is better to keep crayfish and turtles separately from fish.

If you're serious about having your own little artificial eco-system at home, take some good advice first. Find a book about aquariums and read it carefully. Then your underwater world will turn out to be truly stable and will delight you for a long time.

On this page, material on the topics:

Conclusion on the sustainability of an artificial ecosystem (aquarium)
An aquarium is an artificial ecosystem. inhabitants of the aquarium why chose this topic
Aquarium Ecosystem Lab
What is an aquarium ecosystem
Report of fish in an aquarium

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