Basic tests before pregnancy. What tests should be taken by a woman planning a pregnancy: a complete list

The birth of a child is a very important and joyful period in family life. All relatives and friends are waiting for this event. But it is important for future mom and dad to approach this issue responsibly. It would be wise on their part not to rush to quickly “make” a baby, but to allocate the necessary time to prepare for the birth of a small miracle.

A planned pregnancy can save the unborn baby from serious health problems. To do this, parents must first undergo a comprehensive examination and pass the necessary tests.

The list of such tests for both women and men can be of different lengths. This largely depends on the health of the parents and their lifestyle.

In general, tests when planning pregnancy are divided into:

mandatory;
additional.

The list of mandatory tests for women is as follows:

General blood analysis. It is necessary in order to timely identify diseases and viruses contained in the blood even before conception.
General urine analysis. Allows doctors to assess the condition of the kidneys of the expectant mother. If any abnormalities in the function of these organs are found, treatment is prescribed.
. You need to donate blood from a vein to assess the risk of an Rhesus conflict.
blood for sugar. If a woman has diabetes or there are prerequisites for this, she will be taken under observation in a special clinic.
Blood for biochemistry. Gives a general idea of the state and functioning of internal organs.
Bacteriological culture on the microflora of the vagina. It is carried out by taking a smear from the vagina. Next, the state of the microflora is assessed to exclude the presence of pathogenic microorganisms.
Tests for infections. This includes a list of several types of infections:
1. HIV infection;
2. viral hepatitis B and C;
3. syphilis.

For men, the number of mandatory studies is much less, but they are also necessary to pass.

So, what tests to take a man:

General blood analysis. It is necessary to assess the condition of the future dad and exclude infections that are dangerous for the child.
Determination of blood group and Rh factor. It is given for the same purpose as in women - to predict the risk of an Rhesus conflict.
Tests for the following infections:
1. HIV infection;
2. viral hepatitis B and C;
3. syphilis.

Also, men are required to present the result of fluorography to the doctor. If the survey was conducted more than a year ago, the result will no longer be valid. You need to go to the x-ray room and get an up-to-date doctor's report.

What is the TORCH complex?

This survey is for women. Doctors disagree on whether it is necessary to take this analysis. Some say that it is expensive and without special need you can do without it. Others, on the contrary, insist that all those planning a pregnancy take it.

Examination of women for infections of this group is not on the list of mandatory, and without its results, you can safely endure and give birth to a child. But to hand over this analysis the sense all the same is. Why?

The patient is given blood from a vein and sent to a laboratory to be tested for antibodies to diseases such as:

rubella;
herpesvirus;
cytomegalovirus;
toxoplasmosis.

They are very dangerous for the fetus. If a pregnant woman picks up any of these infections (especially in early pregnancy), this is an indication for termination. Otherwise, it is fraught with serious consequences for the baby, up to his death.

The results of the analysis will show whether the woman has strong immunity to these infections. If not, she will have time before pregnancy to take the necessary measures, such as getting a rubella vaccine. In this case, the pregnancy will have to be postponed for two to three months.

When laboratory assistants detect an acute stage of the disease, this means that the woman is currently infected. She is prescribed treatment, and after recovery, you can safely become pregnant.

If there are antibodies to the above diseases, this suggests that the woman and her baby may not be afraid of these infections. The mother's powerful immunity to diseases of this group will be inherited by her baby.

Why are additional tests ordered?

In any case, the gynecologist will give a referral for mandatory tests, but whether additional laboratory tests are needed and which ones the doctor can decide for himself. When making a decision, he will take into account the results of the main tests and the lifestyle of future parents.

Many doctors are convinced that it is important to be additionally tested for so-called "hidden" sexually transmitted infections. They can be detected using a special research method - by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To do this, you just need to donate blood from a vein.

This method can reveal:

ureaplasmosis;
gardnerellosis;
chlamydia;
HPV (papilloma virus);
genital herpes, etc.

These are quite dangerous for the future crumbs of the disease, so the reinsurance of doctors is fully justified. This analysis would be good for both women and men. Since these diseases are infectious, it will not be effective to test only one of the partners.

If a woman has hormonal disruptions or other problems associated with hormones, the doctor will probably consider it necessary to take a special blood test. Which hormones need to be checked will be decided by him.

When you can't get pregnant

If the couple cannot get pregnant for a year or more, the doctor will prescribe a spermogram for men, and laparoscopy for women. What is this research?

A spermogram is a procedure for collecting sperm from men obtained by masturbation. It is impossible to collect material for research in any other way. But this analysis is very informative for doctors, since it makes it possible to determine the number of active spermatozoa in a man and their probability of fertilizing an egg.

For women, the laparoscopy procedure is carried out by introducing a special dye into the uterus, which will show whether everything is in order with the patency of the fallopian tubes. If there is a problem, it can be immediately eliminated with the help of modern equipment.

This is a short list of the main pregnancy planning tests for women and men. In each individual case, they can be much more or less. Do not neglect the guidance of a doctor in such a situation.

Responsible attitude to your health, trust in each other and willingness to cooperate with specialists will help lay a good foundation for the birth of a healthy and beautiful little man.

Most children are born as a result of unplanned pregnancies. In this case, at the time of conception, the parents of the unborn baby do not always take care of their health. This can increase the likelihood of having a child with diseases or dangerous pathologies. Therefore, it is so important to plan the entire process of pregnancy from conception to childbirth. And you need to start much earlier, for a certain time period before conception. The first thing that future parents need to do is to take tests before pregnancy.

Comprehensive examination before conception

Before you find out what tests are taken before pregnancy, parents go to the doctor to undergo a diagnostic examination. For women, such doctors are: a gynecologist and a therapist; for men - therapist and urologist. Before visiting a doctor, you need to carefully prepare. Here is a basic list of things to know or bring with you before visiting the doctor:

Take a sick card.
Know the results of tests from third-party clinics over the past six months.
Recall all your chronic diseases, including those that were ill in childhood.
Make a calendar of the menstrual cycle for the last three months.
Clarify with the next of kin the presence of hereditary diseases in their family line.

All this data will help the doctor draw up a further plan of action for testing and increase the chances of getting pregnant for the expectant mother.

During a visit to the doctor, it is necessary to pass smears, take referrals for ultrasound and other types of diagnostics that the attending physician will write out. It is important to pass the necessary tests before the start of pregnancy in order to exclude all possible infections and dangerous diseases.

Virus tests

Before pregnancy, it is necessary to find out exactly what infectious diseases the expectant mother had in childhood and whether she is currently a carrier of such viruses. Among the most dangerous and harmful to health infections are:

toxoplasma infection;
rubella;
herpes;
cytomegalovirus.

Usually, of these four items, rubella or herpes are the easiest to analyze. The first disease is transferred in childhood, and if a woman has had it, then the rubella test can be safely skipped. If you have not been ill, it is worth being examined for the presence of virus bodies at the present time. In the absence of infection, vaccinate. In this case, you can plan a pregnancy only after three months.

Herpes is also a disease that can be diagnosed by external signs. However, there is currently no cure for this virus, so a doctor can only diagnose the stage of infection. In the acute phase of the disease, a course of drugs is prescribed to move the virus into remission.

Cytomegalovirus is a dangerous disease, tests can show its presence or absence. It is necessary to pass all the necessary tests, since outwardly it may not manifest itself, while infection of the fetus with this infection leads to dangerous fetal pathologies. The virus is also transmitted by airborne droplets, so some preventive measures should be taken. At the birth of a baby, it is better to wash your hands and try not to be in places where small children gather.

It is also necessary to pass tests for toxoplasma. This virus is transmitted mainly through domestic animals: cats or dogs. Statistics show that only 15% of women suffer from the disease in their reproductive years. Accordingly, 85% of expectant mothers are at risk. If the tests show the absence of protective antibodies to the virus, it is worth introducing some precautions:

less contact with pets;
clean the cat tray only with gloves;
fry or boil meat well;
wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly;
Be sure to wash your hands after handling raw meat or fish.

Endocrine system

An important step in planning a pregnancy is to check the hormonal levels. It shows how the entire reproductive system works as a whole. Its components: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovaries are responsible for the possibility of having a child without pathology. For women, when planning a pregnancy, the health of these three organs should come first.

Any failures in this system will immediately affect the external and internal state of the mother. These can be both external manifestations (acne, obesity or increased hairiness), and internal (menstrual irregularities, pain in the lower abdomen). If such symptoms appear, it is necessary to plan a mandatory trip to an endocrinologist before conception.

ultrasound diagnostics

This method helps to identify dangerous diseases that can adversely affect the development of the fetus. It is carried out at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. With the help of ultrasound diagnostics, pathologies in the pelvic organs can be determined, such as:

benign tumor of the uterus (myoma);
cyst (tumor of the ovary);
polyps of the ovarian mucosa.

The ultrasound method is used at an early stage of pregnancy planning before asking the attending physician what tests should be taken for a mandatory study.

Blood type

Even before it becomes known exactly what tests you need to pass in order to be sure of healthy offspring, you can analyze the blood groups of the parents. It has been proven that certain combinations of Rh factors in the blood of the father and mother have a beneficial effect on the development of the fetus. In this case, they talk about "Rh positive mother" and "Rh negative father." This combination does not give pathologies of fetal development.

In the case when the expectant mother's Rh is negative, and the father's is positive, the development of a "Rhesus conflict" is possible.

The danger for the development of the baby is a negative Rh factor in the mother and a positive Rh factor in the child. In this case, the newborn may develop hemolytic disease, which is a consequence of the incompatibility of the blood of the fetus and the blood of the mother. The mother's body considers the fetus a foreign body and seeks to reject it, as a result of which the baby's red blood cells are destroyed.

Much less often there are conflicts of combinations according to blood groups in future parents. Among them are distinguished:

A woman with the first group and a man with any other.
A woman with a second group and a man with a third or fourth.
A woman with a third group and a man with a second or fourth.

Complications after abortion or surgery are also possible. In this case, special antibodies are produced in the woman's blood, which can adversely affect the development of the fetus.

Precautions and medical examination of mommy before conception

To be completely confident in your health, you need to go through several more doctors. These include:

ENT. This specialist is very important for the prevention of diseases of the expectant mother. The fact is that the immune barrier at the time of bearing the fetus weakens, and the woman becomes susceptible to various diseases. The infection may lie dormant or dormant in the sinuses or ears. A woman may not be aware of it, and at a certain month of pregnancy, the virus will begin to actively develop. This development of events puts the health of the mother and the unborn baby at risk.
Dentist. During gestation and after childbirth, a woman's teeth suffer greatly. To maintain the health of the mother, it is worth solving all her problems with bad teeth at the dentist in advance. During the formation and development of the fetus, one should not neglect cottage cheese, green vegetables, cabbage. If necessary, you can consult with a specialist and drink dietary supplements enriched with calcium.

You may need to take additional tests and go through narrower specialists. Each case is individual, so only the supervising doctor can give a referral to a specific doctor.

If all the tests are in order and the mother’s health is not in danger, you can start planning for conception. It is important to remember that 3 months before the start of pregnancy, parents should not drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. Take medication only with the permission of a gynecologist. Parents should be aware of the measure of responsibility for their baby, because the correct development of the fetus in the womb is the key to the birth of a healthy child.

And check your health. A comprehensive examination will allow you to identify "malfunctions", to be treated in a timely manner, thereby predicting the course of pregnancy and preventing pathological changes in the child's body.

Pregnancy planning: a tribute to fashion or a necessity

A woman's ability to conceive, have trouble-free bearing and have a baby safely depends on a number of factors. One of the main conditions is the body's readiness for pregnancy.

Reduced immunity, infections, hormonal failure, diseases of internal organs reduce, and sometimes cause fetal pathology or spontaneous abortion. The risks are increased if the future parents are over 35 years old.

Many problems can be avoided if you prepare in advance for pregnancy. Gynecologists recommend taking care of your health six months before conception and conducting a comprehensive diagnosis of the body.

The main tasks of examinations of future parents:

Identification of infections dangerous for the baby;
Treatment and prevention of chronic diseases;
Stabilization of the hormonal background;
Prevention of genetic diseases;
Increasing the woman's immunity.

Examinations and analyzes for future parents

Examinations are taking place both partners. Based on the results obtained, the doctor draws up a general physiological picture, determines the likelihood of conception and the readiness of the female body for childbearing.

Examinations and analyzes of a woman before conception

First of all, the expectant mother should visit gynecologist. The doctor will determine the diagnostic plan and write out the required directions. The standard examination scheme includes a number of mandatory tests.

Vaginal smear. At the first appointment, the gynecologist takes a smear for bacterial culture: this study will show the "purity" of the vagina, the presence of pathogens and pathogenic microorganisms in the microflora. The optimal time for the analysis is one week after menstruation.
Colposcopy. Inspection of the cervix under high magnification using a special device (colposcope). The purpose of the examination is to identify lesions, assess the general condition of the mucosa, and diagnose neoplasms.

Important! During a colposcopy, a woman must take a smear for cytology - a test to detect pathological cells. Immunity during pregnancy weakens and a precancerous condition can turn into cancer.

Clinical blood test. Informative study showing: hemoglobin, ESR, leukocytes and leuco formula. The minimum hemoglobin value is 120 g/l; value characterizes the ability of blood to carry oxygen.

Leukocytes- "immune control" of the body, norm: 4-9 * 109 / l. An elevated level is a sign of an inflammatory-purulent process, a reduced amount is a viral disease.

General urine collection. Based on the analysis, renal pathologies and infections are excluded. Urine should be free of glucose, bilirubin, protein, nitrites and ketone bodies. In case of deviations from the norm, a woman is referred to a urologist.
Coagulogram. Shows the rate of blood clotting, helps to identify hereditary thrombophilia, take timely therapeutic measures.
Diagnosis of infections and viruses. Blood is mandatory tested for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis of various forms, gonorrhea. The insidiousness of infections lies in their hidden symptoms - young parents may not be aware of the infection, and the unborn child may suffer greatly.
Analysis for the Rh factor, blood type. Required when planning a first pregnancy. Both partners pass the analysis; their indicators are compared and reveal the presence of the Rh factor that affects the bearing of the fetus.
PCR study. Detection of sexually transmitted diseases: mycoplasma, chlamydia, Trichomonas, HPV, Candida fungi, etc.

In addition to taking tests, a woman is sent for an ultrasound: special attention is paid to the reproductive system. Identified changes in the uterus, appendages, ovaries must be cured before conception.

In addition to the gynecologist, a general assessment of the health status of the future woman in labor should be given by specialized specialists:

Dentist. During pregnancy and after childbirth, the condition of the teeth often worsens - calcium "takes over" the growing body of the baby. In advance, it is necessary to exclude caries, gum problems and start taking a complex of vitamins.
Otolaryngologist. The respiratory organs often serve as a source of infections. During pregnancy, chronic ailments can go into an acute phase, so they must be identified and cured before conception.
Cardiologist. The increased load on the body does not have the best effect on the condition of the heart and blood vessels.

Additional advice may be required on an individual basis. surgeon and allergist.

Examinations and analyzes of a man before conception

The list of mandatory examinations for men is noticeably smaller. Like expectant mothers, fathers take a clinical blood test, diagnose for infections, determine the blood type, and set the Rh factor.

Additional clinical examination is necessary in case of prolonged unsuccessful attempts at fertilization. The following tests will help determine the cause:

Spermogram. Determination of mobility, quantitative composition of spermatozoa, percentage of immature biological material. Examination allows you to identify pathologies and prescribe treatment.
MAR test. A possible cause of infertility is the production of antisperm antibodies by the body. The results of this analysis show their number.
Prostate check. Diagnosis for the presence of hidden inflammatory diseases that can inhibit fertility.
Kruger's study. Evaluation of the form of spermatozoa, the establishment of the probability of conception.

Additional examinations when planning pregnancy

In some cases, the doctor prescribes examinations for the presence of antibodies to dangerous infections, checking the hormonal background of the body and performing.

TORCH-complex - detection of latent infections

TORCH panel infections do not harm the health of an adult, but can have the most unfortunate consequences for the fetus.

A comprehensive analysis establishes the presence of two types of antibodies: LGM and LGG. The presence of the first antibodies signals an acute form of infection, a high level of LgG indicates the development of stable immunity to the disease. If both markers are absent, then the organism has not encountered the virus.

The best option is the presence of LgG. When encountering a virus, antibodies resist the disease and protect the fetus. If LgM is detected, pregnancy will have to wait.

TORCH-complex involves the determination of antibodies to toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes, rubella.

Drawing up a hormonal panel

An analysis of the hormonal background is prescribed in exceptional situations. The examination is not cheap, and it is not advisable to do it without evidence.

Determining factors for consultation with an endocrinologist and hormonal diagnostics:

Dysfunction of the menstrual cycle;
Strong hairiness;
Diseases of the pituitary gland;
Unsuccessful attempts at conception - more than 1 year;
Failures of previous pregnancies;
Polycystic ovaries.

A woman is tested for: follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormone, thyroxine, estradiol and prolactin.

Future fathers, in addition to the hormones listed above, are recommended to check testosterone. A balanced hormonal background of a man affects the production of healthy, active spermatozoa.

When is a genetic consultation needed?

A visit to a geneticist is required for couples where one or both partners are over 35 years old. Additional indications for genetic examination: the presence in the family of children with genetic diseases, relatives with mental disorders, or relatives with hemophilia. In addition, the gynecologist refers the couple to the family genetic center if they have had two or more regressive pregnancies.

A genetic consultation is unavoidable if the parents are blood relatives, or if one of the couple has lived in a contaminated area for a long time or has had periodic contact with chemicals.

The doctor prescribes cytogenetic diagnostics, evaluates the quality of chromosomes, the likelihood of gene mutations. It is necessary to contact a geneticist 3-4 months before the intended conception.

Passing tests, collecting anamnesis takes a lot of time for future parents. But all the efforts pay off with more than the health of the long-awaited child. A responsible approach to planning helps to eliminate dangerous complications in the development of the fetus, the bearing and birth of a baby.

Attention! The use of any medicines and dietary supplements, as well as the use of any medical methods, is possible only with the permission of a doctor.

Every couple who is preparing to conceive a child has at least once wondered what preliminary tests should be taken. Such a list is very individual and is formed by a specialist after an initial examination of partners.

First of all, such events generally give spouses an understanding of the possibility of conceiving offspring. A thorough examination of future parents may reveal some pathologies or chronic diseases that require careful treatment.

Parents who are in good health have a much higher chance of having a healthy child.

The condition of the expectant mother is especially important, because she will not only have to conceive, but also bear the baby, and then also breastfeed him. It is worth remembering that childbirth is a great stress for the female body and background diseases can aggravate the mother's condition.

Unfortunately, there is a practice when some pathologies are observed in newborns. Sometimes they are even incompatible with life.

In some cases, the cause is precisely the poor health of his mother and father. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is better to take all the tests and make sure that it is safe for both the child and yourself.

Initial inspection

At this stage, tests of two groups are mainly prescribed: for infections and additional ones. Infectious studies are assigned for.

Specialists are mainly sent for analysis to identify:

antibodies to toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes, papillomavirus and;
antibodies to STDs:, mycoplasma, gardnerella,;
antibodies to staphylococcus and E. coli.

If signs of any disease are detected, repeated tests are prescribed for both partners. If they are positive, treatment is carried out, after which a re-analysis should be negative.

Particular attention should be paid to STDs, as they are very contagious and can easily be transmitted from the expectant mother to the child (this almost always stimulates the appearance of pathologies in the development of babies). Some viruses can cause raft deformity and death. These include: rubella, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasmosis.

In the absence of antibodies in the blood, vaccination is performed. It is done at least a few months before conception.

A group of additional tests is prescribed in case of an irregular menstrual cycle in history. Also with previous abortions, miscarriages or unsuccessful attempts at conception.

This group includes tests for:

both partners;
patency of the fallopian tubes;
state of the endocrine system.

Mandatory tests for women

When planning a pregnancy, a general blood test is necessarily done, which helps to find out the hemoglobin level in the expectant mother and the presence of some kind of inflammatory processes. All therapeutic measures, elimination of bacterial and viral infections are carried out before the conception of the baby.

It is important to identify pathologies of the genitourinary system. For this surrender. If necessary, an ultrasound of the urinary tract and genital organs is additionally done.

The expectant mother must first pass the following tests:

smear. taken by a gynecologist from the cervix. It is needed to establish the presence of infections and inflammations in the organs of the reproductive system (especially the uterus).
Biochemistry of blood. This study helps to identify some pathologies in the organs and the body as a whole. The concentration of various microelements in the blood is studied.
PRC study. The subject of the analysis is blood from a vein or scraping from a woman's cervix. This method helps to detect infection with STDs: herpes (including genital herpes), gardnerellosis, (), chlamydia and other infections that can be hidden.
ultrasound. If an ultrasound examination is performed to analyze the state of the pelvic organs, it is done on the 4-7th day of the menstrual cycle. If it is performed to analyze the functioning of the corpus luteum or determine the transformation of the endometrium, it is done on the 22-23rd day of the cycle.
and hemostasiogram. Needed to determine the level of blood clotting. If the patient has thrombocytopenia (when the blood is too thin) or thick blood syndrome, special drugs and a diet are prescribed.
. For this, blood is taken from a vein. The analysis must be submitted (!!!) by both partners. It helps to identify the need for Rh immunization (if the mother and the unborn child have different Rh factors, a Rh conflict may occur, which leads to different ones).
, syphilis and. Examination is carried out to identify these diseases and (only if possible) treatment.
. This analysis is not the most affordable, but every mother should take it. It detects the presence of toxoplasmosis, herpes, rubella and cytomegalovirus, the consequences of which you have already read. Therefore, it is important to identify them precisely before pregnancy in order to cure and avoid dangerous consequences.
Blood for hormones. This type of study is purely individual and is prescribed by a doctor based on the woman's health. They can issue a direction both for the analysis of a particular hormone, and for their complex. Such tests are prescribed for almost all women who decide to become pregnant after 35 and those who have suspicions of genetic diseases.

Research on hormones is carried out mainly on:

- responsible for the production of estrogen and the growth of eggs in women, for the maturation of sperm in men.
- affects the fixation of the embryo on the uterine wall and its further development.
luteinizing hormone- controls the maturation of the egg and helps in the formation of the corpus luteum.
- stimulates ovulation and lactation after childbirth.
- its excessive concentration at the time of conception and pregnancy can lead to the death of the fetus.
Estradiol- prepares the uterus for pregnancy and affects the condition of its mucous membrane.

These studies are not mandatory for every couple. They are appointed if both or one of the partners were influenced by such factors:

mature age (after 35);
age up to 18 years;
the presence of hereditary diseases in relatives (diseases of the mental spectrum, diabetes mellitus, hemophilia, Down syndrome);
work in hazardous production;
physical/mental retardation;
living in an unfavorable ecological environment;
the use of any drugs that affect the unborn fetus.

To determine the quality and quantity of chromosomes, a cytogenetic analysis is performed. It is required if the partners have a family relationship. All analyzes are prescribed by a geneticist.

If you still can't get pregnant

If during the year all attempts are not successful, men are assigned a second, and women - laparoscopy. In a man, the current level of active spermatozoa, which can fertilize an egg, is examined.

Laparoscopy in a woman is performed by introducing special dyes into the uterus, which show the patency of the fallopian tubes. If obstruction is detected, adhesions are eliminated (the surgical method is most often used).

These tests, carried out in both partners, help to plan the pregnancy as competently as possible. Remember that an individual list of necessary studies can only be compiled by an obstetrician-gynecologist who specifically examines you.

Take the planning of conception as seriously as possible and in the end you will significantly increase the chances of having a healthy baby.

2 192

Pregnancy planning has become the norm today. But often the number of tests that a woman is offered to take before proceeding directly to conception exceeds all reasonable limits. Are they all needed?

Some doctors advise checking the content of microelements in the blood before pregnancy, others say that you can limit yourself to the TORCH complex, others recommend taking an analysis for all existing sexual infections. About what tests must be taken without fail before pregnancy and why to do it, tells gynecologist-endocrinologist, Ph.D. Nosacheva Tatyana Igorevna, head clinic "VitaMed".

***

Recently, I began to notice that the average age of pregnant women and women who want to get pregnant who come to our clinic is about 27-30 years old. Women began to give birth later and approach this issue consciously. And this is great, because a planned pregnancy always proceeds more smoothly than a spontaneous one, since proper preparation (completion of vitamin deficiency, examination, identification of predispositions and unfavorable conditions, diagnosis of possible diseases and their correction) helps prevent most complications that develop during pregnancy.

There are conditions whose detrimental effect on the course of pregnancy can be completely eliminated if identified in advance. For example: lack of immunity to rubella. If a woman becomes infected during pregnancy, then, as a rule (in 50% of cases), this will lead to intrauterine malformations of the fetus. However, by making just one vaccination in advance (three months in advance), you can completely protect yourself and your unborn child.

Another condition that can be prevented is iodine deficiency. It is diagnosed in 30-40% of Russian women. Taking daily 150 micrograms of potassium iodide before and 200 micrograms during pregnancy completely solves this problem. A complication of an iodine deficiency state can be: miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, mental retardation in a child, etc.

There are conditions that cannot be prevented, but timely diagnosis and correction of which (before pregnancy or in the early stages) allows you to save and endure the desired child. For example, antiphospholipid syndrome, hyperandrogenism (increased levels of male sex hormones), various endocrinopathies (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease).

We can talk about the joy of motherhood only when the child is born healthy. To do this, you need to take your desire to have children very seriously.

So, what needs to be done to a woman who plans to become pregnant in the near future?

Contact a gynecologist. The doctor must conduct an examination, assess the condition of the cervix using colposcopy and a cytological smear. You also need to make sure that you do not have infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. To do this, you must pass the following tests: sowing on the flora and PCR analysis for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, cytomegalovirus, herpes, HPV) and their sensitivity to antibiotics from the vagina. If infections or inflammations are detected, then at the moment it is impossible to become pregnant. It is necessary to be treated and get negative tests, after that - the green light to the cherished goal. Tests for infections are recommended not only for you, but also for your husband.
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs on days 5-7 and 21-23 of the cycle. In the first case, the general condition of the pelvic organs is assessed, in the second, the presence of the corpus luteum (whether ovulation has occurred) and the transformation of the endometrium.
Blood hormones. In the first (5-7 days of the menstrual cycle) and in the second (21-23 days) phases of the cycle (TSH, T3, T4 free, ATTPO, LH, FSH, PG, T, estradiol, DHA-S, 17-OH, etc. .). Only a doctor can prescribe which hormones and in which phase of the cycle you need to pass.
Hemostasiogram, coagulogram - features of blood coagulation.
Blood chemistry.
Find out the blood type and Rh factor of the woman and husband. If a woman has Rh-negative blood, and her husband is Rh-positive and there is no Rh antibody titer, then before the planned pregnancy, it is necessary to carry out Rh immunization. If the antibody titer is detected (in quantitative terms), then it is necessary to monitor the growth of the titer during pregnancy. If a woman has 1 blood type, and her husband has any other, then during pregnancy, once a month, you need to donate blood for group antibodies.
Determination of lupus anticoagulant, antibodies to phospholipids, antibodies to cardiolipin, to chorionic gonadotropin - they are factors in miscarriage.
General clinical analysis of blood.
General urine analysis.
Dental consultation – to solve dental problems outside of pregnancy. If a problem with your teeth occurs during pregnancy, you will not be able to take an x-ray if you need one, and doctors will be limited in their choice of medications.
TORCH-complex - a group of infections that are dangerous to the fetus: rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, cytomegalovirus infection, etc. Any of them in a woman "in position" is a direct indication for abortion. Before pregnancy, it is necessary to determine antibodies to toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia , rubella pathogens and herpes - quantitative analysis (with titer). The presence of IgG antibodies means immunity to these infections and is not an obstacle to pregnancy. The presence of IgM means the acute stage of the disease - planning in this case should be postponed until recovery. If there are no IgG antibodies to rubella, you need to get vaccinated. Do not ask your parents if you had rubella, it is impossible to know for sure - the disease can proceed under the guise of acute respiratory infections and vice versa. Only a blood test for antibodies can give accurate information. The rubella vaccine is live, immunity is developed for 2-3 months, during which strict protection is necessary. In case of an accidental vaccination in early pregnancy, it is not necessary to interrupt it - the vaccine strain is safe for the fetus. It is also safe for a pregnant woman without immunity to communicate with newly vaccinated people, including children, in contrast to really sick people. If a cytomegalovirus infection is detected, antiviral treatment is necessary, and in some cases immunization is mandatory. This infection is very dangerous. It causes various deviations in the development of the fetus and the course of pregnancy - polyhydramnios, hydrocephalus, hepatomegaly, abortion, intrauterine fetal death, etc.
Blood test for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, RW.

Finally, I would like to wish all women who are preparing to become mothers: love and trust - your body, husband, unborn child, doctor, fate. Everything will be then and so, when and how it should be for you.