Sedentary birds. Names of settled birds

Birds are highly organized vertebrates. Individuals are quite common on the planet as a whole. This is due to their ability to make long flights or adapt to the conditions of a particular area. Most of it is distributed in the forest belt. By the number of species, this class is considered the most numerous of the terrestrial vertebrates.

Birds have their own characteristics. These animals belong to the class of feathered, oviparous. Their forelimbs are arranged in the form of wings. The body structure is adapted for flight, but at present there are quite a few types of flightless individuals. Another feature of birds is the presence of a beak. Its structure may indicate the type of food that the animal mainly feeds on.

Birds are found everywhere. Some of them are distributed mainly in settlements, while others make seasonal flights over various distances. Sedentary birds include individuals that live year-round in one place. They do not make long-distance migrations. As a rule, animals are adapted to living near humans. Many of them need feeding in the winter. Grains or food waste are the main food that resident birds eat. Nomadic birds are individuals that move from one area to another. Flights are carried out, as a rule, in search of food.

Animals leading this way of life are distinguished by cunning, caution. They are able to warn each other of danger. Many of them live in packs. One of the fairly common species are woodpeckers. These sedentary birds feed on the seeds of coniferous plants, they are able to process several thousand cones per season. Woodpeckers are able to quickly and easily climb tree trunks, taking out larvae and insects. Animals are very common in the Yaroslavl region. There are about eight species of them. Nuthatches are sedentary birds inhabiting mixed forests and parks. You can also find them near human habitation. These animals are resourceful. Forage for them are mainly acorns, seeds of coniferous trees and linden, pine nuts, bird cherry berries. The nuthatches store their food in autumn.

Winter is a big test for many bird species. They need a lot of food to keep warm and survive the cold. In search of food, nomadic birds constantly move from place to place. Unlike, nomadic species overcome no more than a hundred kilometers. Often they settle closer to a person, mastering parks and squares. Birds that remain for the winter in their native land are called wintering, or sedentary. Below is a list of wintering and nomadic bird species with a photo and a brief description.

Great spotted woodpecker

Numerous species distributed throughout Russia. The woodpecker's habitat is forests, burnt areas, parks, squares. The bird makes hollows in trees with soft wood. In summer, woodpeckers feed on insects, and in winter, on seeds extracted from cones. In the absence of food, birds of this species fly to new places.

house sparrow

The bird is distributed everywhere, with the exception of the northern regions. The sparrow builds nests near the human dwelling: at the drainpipes, under the slope of the roof. Often it occupies empty hollows. Sparrows are. The basis of their diet is cereals, so in rural areas they can cause significant damage to crops. In winter, the population is sharply reduced, the cold for these birds is a serious test.

common raven

The bird lives throughout Russia. She settles in forests, groves, steppes and forest parks. The raven does not gravitate towards the neighborhood with a person. The food source is lizards, mice, chicks, eggs, frogs and carrion. A small proportion of the diet is plant foods. In winter, juveniles roam in large flocks, while adults remain in their nests.

Crow gray

The habitat is Eastern and Western Siberia. In the warm season, the crow settles on the edges of forests and in floodplains of rivers. With the onset of cold weather, birds fly to settlements and feed on human food waste. In late autumn, juveniles migrate to the south, and urban birds are constantly sedentary.

Jackdaw

Another representative of the Raven family lives in Central and Western Europe. The jackdaw settles in forests and groves, it can also be found in forest parks. In the wild, the bird feeds on insects and berries, and does not disdain food waste in landfills. In the central regions of the country, birds lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Thrush fieldfare

Birds nest in light forests, forest edges, squares and parks. They can be found in every corner of Russia. Birds feed on insects that are collected on the ground. With the onset of cold weather, thrushes fly to the southern regions. In the European part of the country fieldfares winter in city parks.

Blackbird

A numerous species that lives in forests with dense undergrowth, near streams and rivers. Thrushes look for food on the ground. The food source is insects, as well as berries and seeds. In autumn, birds gather in flocks and prepare to fly away. Only a small part of blackbirds winters in a permanent place.

Crossbill

The little bird is distinguished by the unusual shape of its beak, which allows it to open the scales of spruce and pine cones. Crossbills inhabit the forests of Europe and Central Asia. The species is well adapted to frost, and leads a sedentary lifestyle in winter. To protect from the cold, the crossbill insulates the nest with animal hair.

pika

The habitat of the bird is mixed and deciduous forests. She arranges nests behind tree bark and in old hollows. The pika feeds on insects, which it catches with its thin and sharp beak. The bird moves upward in a spiral along the tree. The pika actively scares off uninvited guests from its own hollow. These birds do not fly much. In winter, they can roam for short distances.

Nuthatch

Representatives of the avifauna living in Europe and Siberia. The species nests in coniferous and mixed forests. The main food sources are insects living in tree crevices, seeds and nuts. The nuthatch stores food for the winter, hiding it in hollows. In cold weather, the bird flies to parks, eating food from feeders.

waxwing

Feathered are. They nest on small fir trees, pines and birches. The waxwing feeds on mountain ash, viburnum, hawthorn and wild rose. She does not leave her habitat for the winter in the harvest years of mountain ash. If the winter is severe, the birds migrate to the south.

Great tit

The bird is common in both Europe and Asia. The species nests in mixed and deciduous forests. Recently, the tit has been actively settling in summer cottages and city parks. These birds are omnivores, sometimes they devastate stocks of nuthatches and Muscovites. The tit is a sedentary species that is a frequent visitor to city feeders.

Crested titmouse

The crested tit lives in the coniferous forests of Europe, where it builds nests in small hollows. In summer, birds feed on insects found in cracks in the bark. Crested tits store food for the winter. In the cold season, they can be seen in the snow, where they pick up wind-blown seeds.

Muscovite tit

An inhabitant of coniferous and mixed forests, which is rarely found in cities. Moskovka is distributed throughout Europe. She settles in hollows and abandoned burrows. The diet of this species of tits is made up of coniferous tree seeds, nuts, birch sap. Moskovka stores food from June to December. In severe winters, the bird is forced to migrate to settlements.

Long-tailed tit

The habitat is the European part of Russia. The bird prefers forests with dense undergrowth. The long-tailed tit finds food in the crowns of trees and shrubs. It feeds on invertebrates, their eggs and larvae. For the winter, the bird moves to summer cottages, to the outskirts of cities and villages. Before migrating, tits gather in flocks, the number of which does not exceed twenty individuals.

Brown-headed titmouse

The species lives in the coniferous forests of Europe and the Caucasus. She builds nests in hollows, which are located at a short distance from the ground. Unlike other tits, the brown-headed chickadee hollows out small hollows on its own. Both partners are engaged in home improvement. Like all tits, the brown-headed tit feeds on insects. A small part of the diet consists of seeds of conifers, cereals and berries. Birds store food for the winter. Wintering areas coincide with habitats. Due to harsh weather conditions, the strongest individuals survive.

Bullfinch

The homeland of these birds are taiga forests. The bullfinch is recognizable due to the bright red plumage on the chest. Birds make nests in the branches of fir trees and junipers, lead a secretive lifestyle. All types of bullfinches are forest dwellers, which are rarely found within the city. Some representatives are migratory. The basis of the diet is seeds, berries of mountain ash, bird cherry and viburnum. If the winter turned out to be difficult, then the bullfinch flies to the cities. Here he finds food in the feeders on the windows of the houses.

Jay

The bird lives in almost all forests of Eurasia, but prefers oak groves. For the ability to imitate other voices, the jay is called a mockingbird. These birds skillfully hide their nests in the branches of juniper and spruce. Depending on the season, birds feed on insects, small birds and mammals. In harvest years, acorns form the basis of the diet. Jay is a nomadic bird species that can be seen in cities in winter.

Magpie common

Numerous species inhabiting light forests, meadows, fields and wetlands. Magpies are also found in residential areas. The bird is afraid of the dense forest. She arranges nests on willow, alder, birch and elderberry. In settlements, nests are located on the tops of trees. In summer, the basis of the diet of forty is the eggs of small birds, insects, mollusks,. In the cold season, birds eat grains, food leftovers and carrion. In winter, magpies gather in flocks and begin to search the garbage dumps in search of food.

Goldfinch

The bird is distributed throughout Europe. She nests on forest edges, in mixed forests and oak forests. Goldfinch builds nests on chestnuts, oaks, ash trees and fruit trees. The bird often settles near human habitation. The diet is made up of seeds of thistle, dandelion, burdock and sunflower. Goldfinch roams only in severe winters. It usually flies short distances. Goldfinches migrate to parks and gardens.

rock dove

The rock dove is widespread throughout Europe. They are well adapted to the harsh. In the wild, pigeons live near agricultural land and in mountainous areas. They make nests in hard-to-reach places. Pigeons are omnivorous, but the basis of the diet is plant foods. Urban individuals are content with food waste. Rock pigeons are sedentary, rarely leaving their nests. In temperate climates, some individuals fly south.

Depending on how birds react to the seasons with movements, three main groups are distinguished among them. This is sedentary, nomadic and migratory birds.

settled birds

Sedentary birds live in the same area all year round. At the end of summer, some of them make small stocks for the winter. Jays hide nuts and acorns in pits and moss on the surface of the earth or in hollows. Tits and nuthatches store seeds and insects, thrusting them into cracks in the bark and among lichens on tree branches. They feed on reserves in winter and spring, when food is scarce.

wandering birds

Often, birds, uniting in small flocks, gradually migrate to the south. This is done, for example, by rooks or bullfinches, who seek out areas with little snow or rich in berries and other food, without having certain permanent wintering grounds.

Migratory birds

Migratory birds fly away from cold and temperate regions in autumn, rushing to warm countries where they spend the winter. Having gathered in flocks, they fly in hundreds and thousands: some - during the day, others - at night. On the way, the birds feed, rest and fly further to their usual permanent wintering grounds.

Some migratory birds leave their nesting areas in late autumn, when they can no longer feed in their homeland. For example, many ducks and swans fly away no earlier than the water bodies - the main places of their feeding - begin to freeze.

Other migratory birds, such as nightingales, orioles, swifts, go to wintering early - already at the end of summer, although the weather at the nesting sites is warm and there is enough food for them.

During migration, the birds follow permanent paths, which they follow each year to winter, and return back in the spring to hatch their chicks in their homeland.

Pattern: Flights of the white stork

Ways to study flights

To find out exactly where the birds spend the winter, they put a light ring with a number on their leg and let them go free. The name of the ringed bird species, ring number, date and place of ringing are recorded in the book. If a ringed bird is caught, then the ring is removed and sent to the city indicated on the ring, indicating where and when the bird was caught.

With the help of ringing, it became known that the village and city swallows from the European part winter in Africa, reaching its south, as well as in India. European white storks spend the winter in Tropical and South Africa. Our nightingales winter in Southern Nigeria and in the Zambezi river basin (Southeast Africa).

Reasons for migrating birds

Experiments have established that for migratory birds living in cages, a period of great anxiety begins in autumn. The study of the behavior of birds shows that in autumn they tend to fly in the direction where their permanent wintering grounds are located. After a few weeks they calm down.

Comparing the periods of disturbance of cage birds with the behavior of the same species in freedom, it was possible to establish that for free birds this period corresponds to the period of their autumn migration.

Scientists believe that bird flights are associated with long-established seasonal alternations of living conditions. Flying and birds living in the tropical parts of the globe.

From century to century, many birds fly away from areas subject to annual drought or heavy rains. In birds that settled in the northern and temperate regions, flights to the places where they hatched make it possible to use the warmest period of the year for nesting, which is favorable for feeding and raising chicks.

As a rule, the desire of birds in the spring to their native places is associated with the manifestation of the instinct of reproduction. The autumn flight is due to a decrease in the amount of habitual food, a shortening of the daylight hours - such phenomena serve as an advance signal to fly away from places of future starvation. Thus, seasonal flights are one of the instinctive actions of birds, and they arose several million years ago under the influence of the change of seasons.

Ways of orienting birds during flights

How do birds find their way to winter quarters and back? Visual memory and the ability to navigate by the sun partially play a role here. But many diurnal birds migrate at night and feed during the day. Special experiments in planetariums have shown that birds are able to navigate by the stars. Some birds appear to be able to sense changes in the Earth's magnetic field. However, the questions of bird orientation have not yet been fully resolved.

Non-migratory birds are a large group that includes sub-groups of nomadic and sedentary animals. All of them do not leave the country in winter. For better nutrition, only nomadic birds can fly over short distances. But this is not a seasonal change of residence, but only a temporary relocation. In Russia, tits, nuthatches, jays, bullfinches, siskins, waxwings, crossbills, etc. are referred to as nomadic non-migratory.

More interesting are sedentary birds, since they practically do not fly from their inhabited place during their lives. Of course, such representatives are rare in the northern or temperate zones, since it is difficult to get food there. Most often they live in tropical or subtropical climates.

settled birds

In Russia, these are hazel grouses, capercaillie, black grouse, some species of magpies. Many of them can also be migratory (depending on the climate). So, the gray crow, which lives mainly in the north of Russia, flies south in winter. But in some southern countries, it is a settled bird and does not fly anywhere. The same can be said about the blackbird, which leaves Russia for the winter, and in Western Europe it is among the non-migratory birds. The “true patriot” of Russia can be called a house sparrow: he never leaves the country. But his brothers, who inhabit Central Asia, fly away to India for the winter. Birds of the owl order (owls, owls, owls, owls) never leave their place of residence.

Non-migratory birds of Russia in the summer make food stocks for the winter. For example, tits hide the collected insects and seeds in the bark of trees and in lichens. These supplies will help you survive in the cold season and not think about the flight.

From the end of winter, non-migratory birds prepare for breeding and often forget about food, so during the mating season they lose weight. All spring and early summer, non-migratory birds build new nests, incubate eggs and feed hatched chicks. Such hard work affects the diet of "young parents", and they again lose weight. Therefore, from mid-summer and all autumn, sedentary birds feed diligently and collect supplies for the winter. An exception is the crossbill: its food is the seeds of spruce and pine, which are gone at the end of summer. Therefore, this representative of non-migratory birds of Russia loses weight by autumn and begins to eat its prepared stocks, and in winter enjoys fresh food.

Thus, the "air patriots" of our country never leave its borders and all year round they are engaged in gathering food and educating a new generation.

Objectives: Educational: To introduce children to sedentary and nomadic birds of the Yaroslavl region with their way of life, with the peculiarities of nutrition in the winter. To acquaint children with sedentary and nomadic birds of the Yaroslavl region with their way of life, with nutritional features in the winter. Developing: Develop curiosity, memory, speech, thinking, observation Develop curiosity, memory, speech, thinking, observation native land, birds. contribute to the education of love for nature, native land, birds. to educate in children the desire to help birds in the winter season and protect them. to educate in children the desire to help birds in the winter season and protect them.

Wintering birds Sedentary - birds that live in one place all year round, without making long-distance migrations. Sedentary - birds that live in one place all year round, without making long-distance migrations. Nomadic - birds that move from one area to another, usually in search of food. Nomadic - birds that move from one area to another, usually in search of food.

Sparrow Sedentary species, live everywhere in the Yaroslavl region. They lead a sedentary lifestyle. Very well adapted to living in the vicinity of human habitation and outbuildings. In winter, it needs feeding. Birds are granivorous, but can eat food waste. They are very cunning, cautious and able to warn each other of danger. Sedentary species, live everywhere in the Yaroslavl region. They lead a sedentary lifestyle. Very well adapted to living in the vicinity of human habitation and outbuildings. In winter, it needs feeding. Birds are granivorous, but can eat food waste. They are very cunning, cautious and able to warn each other of danger.

Titmouse Sedentary birds. Inhabit various types of forests of the Yaroslavl region, a common inhabitant of settlements. Most of the tits (up to 90%) die in winter. Needs to be fed during the winter. Sunflower seeds, hemp, white bread crumbs are suitable for top dressing. But the favorite food of titmouse is any unsalted fat. Sedentary birds. Inhabit various types of forests of the Yaroslavl region, a common inhabitant of settlements. Most of the tits (up to 90%) die in winter. Needs to be fed during the winter. Sunflower seeds, hemp, white bread crumbs are suitable for top dressing. But the favorite food of titmouse is any unsalted fat.

Woodpecker At least 8 species of woodpeckers live in our forests. The most common spotted woodpecker in the Yaroslavl region. Found everywhere. Sedentary view. With amazing ease, woodpeckers move along the trunk, taking out insects and their larvae. In winter, it feeds on the seeds of conifers. During the winter, the woodpecker processes more than one thousand cones. At least 8 species of woodpeckers live in our forests. The most common spotted woodpecker in the Yaroslavl region. Found everywhere. Sedentary view. With amazing ease, woodpeckers move along the trunk, taking out insects and their larvae. In winter, it feeds on the seeds of conifers. During the winter, the woodpecker processes more than one thousand cones.

Nuthatch Common nesting species in the Yaroslavl region. Sedentary bird. Inhabits parks, mixed forests, lives in settlements. In the cold season, it feeds on plant foods. Eating acorns, nuts of cedar pine, hazel, seeds of linden, coniferous trees, bird cherry berries. Since autumn, he has been storing food for himself. Common nesting species in the Yaroslavl region. Sedentary bird. Inhabits parks, mixed forests, lives in settlements. In the cold season, it feeds on plant foods. Eating acorns, nuts of cedar pine, hazel, seeds of linden, coniferous trees, bird cherry berries. Since autumn, he has been storing food for himself.

Jay Sedentary species. Inhabits mixed. Deciduous and coniferous forests, small forests, found in the suburbs. Omnivorous. Makes stocks of acorns, hiding them in cracks and in the ground. In particularly severe winters, it moves closer to human habitation, where it attracts attention with its bright color, mobile and noisy behavior. Sedentary view. Inhabits mixed. Deciduous and coniferous forests, small forests, found in the suburbs. Omnivorous. Makes stocks of acorns, hiding them in cracks and in the ground. In particularly severe winters, it moves closer to human habitation, where it attracts attention with its bright color, mobile and noisy behavior.

Magpie Sedentary species, well adapted to life. Settles even in the center of Yaroslavl. Winter cold and hunger makes this cautious bird huddle closer to human dwellings. Visits landfills, dumpsters and other places where food waste can be found. In winter they lead a solitary lifestyle. Sedentary, well adapted to life species. Settles even in the center of Yaroslavl. Winter cold and hunger makes this cautious bird huddle closer to human dwellings. Visits landfills, dumpsters and other places where food waste can be found. In winter they lead a solitary lifestyle.

Jackdaw A very numerous and common species in the Yaroslavl region. Leads a sedentary lifestyle. In winter, they unite in large flocks and spend the night together with gray crows, huddled together. The bird is omnivorous. In the suburbs, they act as orderlies, picking up food waste. A very numerous and widespread species in the Yaroslavl region. Leads a sedentary lifestyle. In winter, they unite in large flocks and spend the night together with gray crows, huddled together. The bird is omnivorous. In the suburbs, they act as orderlies, picking up food waste.

Crow Sedentary bird, but sometimes migrates to the south for wintering. But old birds remain in place throughout the year and lead a semi-sedentary lifestyle. Inhabits the edges and outskirts of forests, groves, thickets of river valleys, cities and towns. The bird is omnivorous. In winter, they feed on garbage dumps and landfills with food residues. Sedentary bird, but sometimes migrates south for wintering. But old birds remain in place throughout the year and lead a semi-sedentary lifestyle. Inhabits the edges and outskirts of forests, groves, thickets of river valleys, cities and towns. The bird is omnivorous. In winter, they feed on garbage dumps and landfills with food residues.

Capercaillie Sedentary, the largest bird of our forests. Inhabits forests of various types, where at least occasionally pine and many berry bushes grow. For most of the year, the capercaillie leads a terrestrial-arboreal way of life. According to the nature of the food, the capercaillie can be considered herbivorous. Throughout the long winter it feeds on prickly and stiff pine needles and buds. Sedentary, the largest bird of our forests. Inhabits forests of various types, where at least occasionally pine and many berry bushes grow. For most of the year, the capercaillie leads a terrestrial-arboreal way of life. According to the nature of the food, the capercaillie can be considered herbivorous. Throughout the long winter it feeds on prickly and stiff pine needles and buds.

Black grouse Black grouse is found in almost all areas of the Yaroslavl region. They live alone and in packs. Males are often seen on the tops of small trees. The main food in winter is birch buds and catkins. In winter, they keep in large flocks, spend the night in the snow. In a snowstorm or blizzard, they may not leave the shelter for days. Black grouse is found in almost all areas of the Yaroslavl region. They live alone and in packs. Males are often seen on the tops of small trees. The main food in winter is birch buds and catkins. In winter, they keep in large flocks, spend the night in the snow. In a snowstorm or blizzard, they may not leave the shelter for days.

Chizh Common nomadic species in the Yaroslavl region. Sometimes leads a sedentary lifestyle. Prefers spruce forests, can settle in parks, squares, groves. One of the cutest and funniest birds. It feeds on seeds of alder, birch, spruce, pine and weeds. In winter, together with tits and sparrows, it often flies to the feeder. A nomadic species common in the Yaroslavl region. Sometimes leads a sedentary lifestyle. Prefers spruce forests, can settle in parks, squares, groves. One of the cutest and funniest birds. It feeds on seeds of alder, birch, spruce, pine and weeds. In winter, together with tits and sparrows, it often flies to the feeder.

Bullfinch Bullfinches are guests from the north. Nomadic look. They nest in the north of the Yaroslavl region. In winter they migrate further south. Flocks of bullfinches can appear in settlements where they feed on berries and ash seeds. lilacs and maples. Favorite food - rowan seeds. Occasionally they fly to feeders. Bullfinches are guests from the north. Nomadic look. They nest in the north of the Yaroslavl region. In winter they migrate further south. Flocks of bullfinches can appear in settlements where they feed on berries and ash seeds. lilacs and maples. Favorite food - rowan seeds. Occasionally they fly to feeders.

The tap dance is listed in the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region as a small species. More common in flocks during winter migrations. Inhabits woodlands, shrub thickets, found in settlements. It feeds on surviving seeds in alder cones, birch and alder buds, seeds of spruce, heather and sedge. It is listed in the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region as a small species. More common in flocks during winter migrations. Inhabits woodlands, shrub thickets, found in settlements. It feeds on surviving seeds in alder cones, birch and alder buds, seeds of spruce, heather and sedge.

Waxwing Northern inhabitant, roaming begins in August, migrate south. In winter, it pecks at the berries of mountain ash, viburnum, hawthorn. Waxwings fly in flocks on mountain ash. Berries peck very quickly and very quickly fly to new trees and shrubs. After their feast, berry blots remain on the snow. Waxwings, unlike bullfinches, crushing, peck the whole berries. Northern inhabitant, roaming begins in August, migrate south. In winter, it pecks at the berries of mountain ash, viburnum, hawthorn. Waxwings fly in flocks on mountain ash. Berries peck very quickly and very quickly fly to new trees and shrubs. After their feast, berry blots remain on the snow. Waxwings, unlike bullfinches, crushing, peck the whole berries. Literature: - Anashkina E.A. questions and answers about animals. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Anashkina E.A. questions and answers about animals. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Anashkina E.N. What does the cuckoo sing about? Birdwatching.- Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Anashkina E. N. What does the cuckoo sing about?. Bird watching. - Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Anashkina E. N. Birds of the Yaroslavl region. Determinant for beginners. - Yaroslavl, Anashkina E. N. Birds of the Yaroslavl region. Determinant for beginners. - Yaroslavl, Bianchi V. Forest newspaper. - Leningrad: Children's literature Bianchi V. Forest newspaper. - Leningrad: Children's literature Bianchi V. Forest newspaper. - Leningrad: Children's Literature, Bianchi V. Forest newspaper. - Leningrad: Children's Literature, Balbyshev I. N. Seasons. Nature calendar. - Leningrad, Lenizdat, Balbyshev I. N. Seasons. Nature calendar. - Leningrad, Lenizdat, Kuznetsov N.V. Wildlife of the Yaroslavl region, - Yaroslavl book publishing house, Kuznetsov N.V. Wildlife of the Yaroslavl region, - Yaroslavl book publishing house, Paporkov M.A. School trips to nature. - Moscow, Enlightenment, Paporkov M.A. School trips to nature. - Moscow, Enlightenment, Pleshakov A. A. Green Pages. - Moscow, Enlightenment, Pleshakov A. A. Green Pages. - Moscow, Education, Sysoev N. D. Meetings with nature. - Moscow, Timber industry, Sysoev N. D. Meetings with nature. - Moscow, Timber industry, Internet resources - Internet resources