Insects and flowers presentation for a lesson on the world around (senior group) on the topic. The world of flowers and insects

Flowers and insects - two worlds, rich in shapes and colors, connected by inextricable bonds. What is a flower and what role does it play in the fate of the plant?

Let's take the well-known apple flower (Fig. 1). In it you will find a green cup and pale pink petals. This is the dress of the flower, its corolla, and inside the corolla are the stamens and the pistil. The stamens produce flower dust. The lower part of the pistil, the so-called ovary, turns into a fruit over time, but only when the flower dust particles fall on the pistil, pollinate it (fertilize).

However, this is not yet an answer to the question of what a flower is and from what it arose.

A flower is a transformed leaf-stem shoot, greatly shortened and compressed, adapted for plant propagation. The flower is therefore the reproductive organ of the plant. The calyx, petals, stamens and pistil are nothing but modified leaves.

How are insects related to flowers?

To answer this question, I will tell you about one extremely interesting experiment conducted by the English naturalist Charles Darwin.

He took two beds, separated them with a partition, and sowed each with clover seeds. The clover has bloomed. Then he covered one of the beds with a thick net, and left the other open. In the flowers on both beds, fruits began to set. But where the bed was covered with a net, there were much fewer fruits and seeds than in an open bed. Darwin explained this by saying that bumblebees and bees flew over the open bed, but they could not fly up to the bed covered with a net.

Having made this assumption, he made an experiment with two flowering poppies grown in pots. One of them was pollinated by its own pollen, and the other was pollinated by Darwin with flower pollen taken from another poppy. The flower, pollinated by its own pollen, produced a small box of poppies with very few seeds, small, poorly germinating, producing frail, unviable sprouts. A flower that was artificially pollinated with the pollen of another poppy gave a large pod of good multi-core seeds, from which large viable plants grew. So it was found that self-pollination for plants is less beneficial than cross-pollination, that is, pollination of a flower with the pollen of another of the same flower. Knowing this, we can immediately clearly imagine what is the connection between the world of flowers and the world of insects.

In the orchard, above the newly blossomed trees, in the flower garden, above the bright fragrant flower beds, above the unmowed meadow, which is covered with a motley carpet of flowers, all kinds of winged insects rush about. Here is a clumsy shaggy bumblebee, and a slender wasp, and an industrious bee, and a motley little bug, and a butterfly. Especially a lot of butterflies. Playing in the sun with their bright colored wings, butterflies easily and gracefully rush in the air: colorful multicolors, yellow lemongrass, long-tailed swallowtail, silvery mother-of-pearl and many long-bellied sphinx butterflies. They all fly from flower to flower, from one tree to another.

What for? What do they need? - They are feeding. The food of winged gourmets is hidden in bright corollas of flowers. Here, first of all, there is a lot of pollen, which feeds on some insects. Here lie light drops of sweet juice - nectar. Flower pollen and nectar serve as bait for insects. But by collecting pollen and nectar, insects are of great benefit to plants, as they contribute to their cross-pollination.

Plants are covered with bright flowers, spread a delicate aroma, produce pollen and nectar, not so that we admire them, inhale their aroma and feast on fragrant honey. A bright outfit of pale pink carnation, blue bell, bright red poppy, golden yellow buttercup and other flowers, their charming smell and sweet nectar, nature has been creating for centuries for the world of insects in the interests of the plants themselves.

The bright, conspicuous color of flowers and their aroma serve as a signal for insects, by which they can see and feel from afar where the food they are looking for is. Flying from flower to flower, insects cross-pollinate them. And cross-pollination provides the plant with healthy, viable offspring.

On plants with small, inconspicuous flowers, flowers usually grow in the form of baskets, umbrellas, panicles, and catkins, which makes the flowers visible to insects (Fig. 2).

Trees such as spruce, pine, oak, alder and willow do not have bright, visibly colored flowers. But they produce such a large amount of pollen that it is sometimes carried in the air in the form of small yellowish clouds. Cross-pollination in these plants is achieved with the assistance of a light breeze. The wind carries pollen from the flowers of some trees to the flowers of others.

Finally, let's take a linden. Its flowers are very modest and inconspicuous in appearance, but the linden is very fragrant, and the smell attracts insects.

But not only the bright, conspicuous "outfit", not only the smell, the abundance of flower dust and nectar contribute to cross-pollination. The flower, by its shape and the structure of its individual parts (stamens, pistils, petals), is adapted so that the insect can comfortably sit on the petals, get into the depths of the corolla, load itself with pollen and, having flown to another similar flower, leave this pollen on its pistil.

The arrangement of the pistil and stamens is often such that the flower cannot pollinate its own pistil. This is facilitated not only by the location, but also by the time of maturation of stamens and pistils. It usually happens like this: when the pistil is ripe and ready for fertilization, the stamens on the same flower have not yet matured, and vice versa. When the pistil has already withered, only then a large amount of flower dust ripens on the stamens.

It is clear that under such circumstances self-pollination cannot occur, and the plant needs the help of wind or an insect to transfer pollen from one flower to another.

In the Curcianella flower, the anthers mature before the stigma becomes capable of pollination, so self-pollination cannot occur. When the anthers mature and open, the pollen contained in them spills out onto the warty surface of the immature stigma. Then the serpentine column unwinds somewhat and rests against the vault, becomes longer, and the stigma covered with flowers rests against the corolla vault. In this position, the column and stigma are a projectile, ready to act at the first push from the outside.

A bumblebee, flying over the red flowers of Curcianella, slightly touches the corolla. Then the "throwing projectile" begins to move (Fig. 3): the pistil column quickly straightens out, jumps out and scatters the pollen lying on its stigma in all directions. In this form, he flies to another curcianella, and then there is a flower with an opened corolla, from the middle of which a fully ripened stigma of a flower protrudes, a bumblebee involuntarily gives it part of its unnecessary burden and thus perfectly pollinates curcianella.

The flowers of the well-known beaver have the same structure as the flowers of peas and beans. In each flower, the petals form a large "sail", a "boat" lying under it and two "wings" on the sides. Inside the corolla are stamens and pistil.

An insect, for example a bee, arrives, sits on a boat in which stamens are hidden, and, pressing on it with its weight, makes the entire bunch of stamens jump out of the boat and douse the bee with yellow pollen. When a bee "powdered" in this way flies to another beaver flower, it leaves a few dust particles on its pistil. This is enough for the flower to be fertilized and give fruit with seeds.

And here is the well-known sage flower (Fig. 4). It is even more curious. Its corolla consists of two lips. The lower lip is a small platform or balcony on which a bumblebee can freely sit. The upper lip looks like a vault, under which the stamens and pistil sit. Each stamen is a rather original device: a crossbar hangs on a thin thread, which can, as if on hinges, rise and fall. At one end of this crossbar are two sacs filled with pollen.

Rice. 4. Two-lipped sage flower: a - flower in section: 1 - pistil, 2 - stamen; 6 - a flower into which a bumblebee climbed; in - anthers in the usual position; g - anthers sank

A bumblebee flies to such a flower. Trying to get into the depths of the flower in order to extract nectar from there, he touches the lower end of the crossbar with his head. The crossbar descends, hits the upper end on the back of the bumblebee, the pollen from the sacs spills out. The bumblebee then flies to another similar flower, carrying a lot of dust particles on its back. He touches the tip of the pistil of the flower with his back, dust particles fall on it, and the flower is pollinated.

Even more surprising are the flowers of the kirkazon. A small flower of this plant has the shape of an elongated and expanding tube. At the bottom of it sit stamens and pistil. The middle part is dotted with small bristles that look inside the flower.

The flower attracts insects with a rather bright color. Here comes a little fly. She freely makes her way inside the flower, because the bristles in the tube let her down. Having drunk the nectar, she is about to fly back - and turns out to be a prisoner: the bristles interfere. She rushes about, beats, trying to break free. In the meantime, the stamens ripen, the pollen spills out of them, and the hairs that block the fly's path to freedom fade, and our pollen-powdered fly flies out freely to again fall into another similar flower and transfer the pollen to its pistil.

Particularly striking is the structure of orchid flowers - inhabitants of hot tropical countries. Orchids are the brightest representatives of the world of flowers (Fig. 5). They are found occasionally in temperate countries. They are bred in greenhouses and valued very dearly. And in hot countries, you can count literally several thousand species of orchids. How varied in form and color are their flowers!

Botanist Kohn describes them very beautifully and figuratively.

Each of the orchids has a "dress" of a special cut. You can see all the colors on them, from the purest white or pale pink to dark purple, bright yellow and red, and in the most original combinations. Some orchids are spotted like panthers, others are striped like tigers, others are dotted with bizarre patterns. Some peek out from the grass, others wrap themselves around tree trunks and sway there on the highest branches.

One orchid seems to stick out a crimson tongue, another flower looks like a bull's head with curled horns, the third looks like a disgusting spider. Finally, there are orchids that look like bumblebees, flies, wasps and mosquitoes. There are also those that seem to float in the air in the form of butterflies. Others look like white doves or hummingbirds sparkling with feathers.

But botanists are well aware that this variety of shapes and colors hides the same adaptation for cross-pollination, unchanged in all orchids.

Let's focus on just one such flower. These are orchids that are also found in our country, the so-called night violets. On the long arrow of the plant, white fragrant flowers are located in a spikelet. Each of them has both a pistil and stamens, that is, the usual reproductive organs of any flower. Each of the pair of flower stamens is like a club, and both sit together on a thin membrane attached to the bottom of the flower. On the sides of these two stamens, at their base, there is a two-lobed stigma of the pistil.

When a butterfly flies up to this flower, launches its proboscis into it, and then, having sucked the nectar, pulls the proboscis back, then at its tip you can see two stamens stuck to the butterfly's proboscis. Having reached another similar flower, the butterfly involuntarily touches the tops of the stamens sitting on its proboscis to the stigma of the pistil of the second flower and leaves dust particles on it. Everything is adapted for the flower to be pollinated, fertilized and set fruit.

In flowers, everything is adapted for cross-pollination; the same is observed in insects: their structure and lifestyle correspond to the structural features of those flowers from which they take bribes, contributing to their pollination. In the bee and in the bumblebee, the jaws and paws are arranged so that they can deftly lick honey; along the way, insects are powdered with pollen from a flower. Butterflies have a mouth that is completely different from other insects. After all, moths do not gnaw and do not chew food, as many beetles do, they do not lick it like bees, but suck honey from the corolla of flowers; therefore, instead of stingers or tongues, like bees, they have a long proboscis. The proboscis of butterflies is to a certain extent adapted to the structure of various flowers, from which they draw nectar.

From all that has been said here, it is clear that a close connection has really been established between the world of flowers and the world of insects: the life of some is connected with the life of others.

Millions of years ago, plants with bright fragrant flowers did not yet exist on our planet. They developed after the appearance of such insects as bees, bumblebees and especially moths. With the appearance of flowering plants, the emergence of many other insects is in turn connected. We can see this connection almost everywhere: some plants are designed in such a way that only certain types of insects can cross-pollinate them. This can be shown especially clearly in the following example.

In Brazil, an orchid grows, in which the nectar is placed in a special tube called a spur; this tube is about 30 centimeters long.

Since cross-pollination is always beneficial for a plant, and insects contribute to such pollination, there must be a butterfly that would have a proboscis 30 centimeters long, because only such a long proboscis can get the nectar lying in the spur of this orchid. Such a butterfly really exists. This is a twilight butterfly from the sphinx breed. The folded proboscis of this rather large butterfly is a spiral; when unfolded, it has a length of about 30 centimeters. The butterfly feeds on the nectar of these flowers and simultaneously promotes their cross-pollination (Fig. 6). Many interesting and instructive things can be told on this subject, and then, probably, the colorful world of flowers and insects would seem to you even more interesting in their complex interconnection.

In the light of the knowledge possessed by modern science, nature itself in all its diversity would appear to you even more majestic, even more beautiful.

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Slides captions:

Beautiful pictures with insects and flowers Flowers and insects are very often connected by an organic chain of mutually beneficial relationships. Many flowers need pollinators to survive. And pollinating insects are attracted to the sweet nectar inside the cups. We can admire the beautiful pictures of the natural tandem, where everyone has their own role, and as a result, the kingdom of Flora lives and flourishes.

Insects and flowers

Bumblebee on a flower.

Spring motley sat down with pleasure on a golden dandelion-sun.

White butterflies could not fly past the fragrant thistle-thorn.

The opened clover fascinated the flying butterfly-multicolor.

Like a real rock climber, a dexterous insect masters the peduncle of a lilac aster.

A pair of ladybugs is located on a yellow flower center.

The bee will not leave the hospitable pink immortelle for a long time, unable to refuse the offered treat.

Locusts peek out from behind terry baskets of azaleas.

A green grasshopper rests inside a dazzling white anemone.

A honey bee collects nectar inside a golden dahlia.

Photo of white flowers with insects flying over them.

The worker bee explores the red dahlia.

The large striped bumblebee is attracted by the delicate fragrance of the blossoming buds.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Pedagogical project "Insects and flowers"

The pedagogical project "Insects and Flowers" was prepared and conducted by the teachers of MADOU Kindergarten No. 64 Posyavina O.M. and Aleshina T.A. Purpose: 1. Tasks for the development of cognitive abilities ...

Insects and flowers are made for each other.

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Directly educational activities for cognitive development "Insects and flowers are made for each other"

Show children the natural connections in nature. The role of insects in this process. We cultivate a caring attitude towards nature ....

Educational task: to form ideas about the diversity of the world of insects and flowers; - Distinguish and name the primary colors: yellow, red, blue, and green; - Distinguish types of insects and flowers, ...

Card file of riddles on lexical topics: “My family; Autumn riddles; About birds; Transport; Clothing and footwear; Insects; School; Flowers and plants; Professions; New Year's riddles.

Card file of riddles on lexical topics: “My family; Autumn riddles; About birds; Transport; Clothing and footwear; Insects; School; Flowers and plants; Professions; New Year's riddles ....

Synopsis of the joint activities of the teacher with the children of the preparatory group for the school of the compensatory orientation No. 5 "Rainbow" (6 - 7 years old) "Insects are friends of flowers"

The material helps to expand the knowledge of preschoolers about the role of insects, about their relationship with plants, helps children understand the importance of preserving the diversity of flora and fauna....

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INSECTS
GBDOU No. 37, St. Petersburg, Nevsky district, educator Mashoshina Natalya Nikolaevna

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Tasks:
To form a realistic idea of ​​the nature around us, the desire to become a friend of nature, to protect and protect it. To form in children elementary ideas about insects (butterfly, ant, beetle, bee, grasshopper), their structure, methods of movement. Cultivate respect for living things. Develop emotional responsiveness. Form research skills.

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butterflies
There is a very large variety of butterflies on Earth. Their wings are covered with small scales, which contain dyes and provide wonderful coloration to butterflies. Butterflies feed on the nectar of flowers.

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peacock eye
The peacock eye is perhaps the most recognizable member of the Nymphalidae family. Four bright spots - a good protective coloration to scare off enemies. There are few who want to risk their own health by eating breakfast with a strange four-eyed person.

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tiger sailboat
The tiger sailboat is a resident of North America and, for its proud beauty, has been honored to be a symbol of the four states. It feeds on nectar, and its larvae feed on the foliage of aspens and poplars. Fat and clumsy, they are very resourceful and able to stand up for themselves: in case of danger, they splash with a liquid with an unpleasant odor.

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dragonflies
At the very shore of an overgrown reservoir, among reeds, reeds and horsetails, dragonflies quickly scurry in pursuit of smaller insects. These creatures have an elongated body, a head with large compound eyes, each consisting of more than 30,000 individual lenses, and two pairs of transparent, elongated wings. Dragonflies are diurnal predatory insects. More than 3 thousand species are known. Dragonflies lay their larvae in the water. The larvae of these insects are terrible underwater predators, attacking even small fish. After 1-3 years, the larvae will turn into adult dragonflies that can live on land.

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Beauty

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rocker

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Grasshoppers

Hiding among the thick grass, this insect makes itself felt with a peculiar sound. The grasshopper has a special vein on its wings, which it leads, like a bow, along the membrane in the form of a rounded mirror and makes chirring sounds. The color of the grasshopper harmonizes well with the background of the grass, which is not immediately detectable. The insect jumps perfectly, supplementing the flight movement with the help of wings. Grasshoppers feed exclusively on animal food.

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Bee
The bee is the "great worker". Often it can be seen in meadows and gardens. She lives with a family. The bee family includes up to 80 thousand bees, the main part of which is worker bees. In a family, there is always one female queen capable of laying eggs, and several hundred male drones. The worker bees build honeycombs from the wax, in which they contain the larvae. In spring, summer and autumn, bees intensively store honey. Honey, propolis, bee venom and other products of the bee family are of great importance in human life.

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Ladybug
We know the ladybug as a small red bug with black dots. In fact, this insect has a very diverse color. At first glance, these bugs seem peaceful, but most of them are active and voracious predators. They destroy a lot of various garden and field pests - aphids, scale insects, small larvae and pupae. During the day, this predator exterminates from 50 to 270 aphids, which is of great benefit to the human economy. The ladybug itself is inedible for most birds and animals.

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Caterpillar
A caterpillar is a butterfly larva that hatches from an egg. She, unlike her parent, has a very unattractive appearance. Caterpillars have a soft elongated body. They don't have wings. Many have a bright color and beautiful pubescence or outgrowths. Most species have silk glands with which they create a cocoon. They feed mainly on plant foods. The caterpillar is a vicious pest. She has many enemies. It is a special delicacy for birds, but with the help of various tricks they manage to escape from death. Some caterpillars look like bird droppings, others look like twigs and twigs, and still others disguise themselves as the color of the leaves. The caterpillar of the crustacean moth is even capable of spraying the enemy with acid. Having reached a certain age, the caterpillars pupate and soon turn into a beautiful creature - a butterfly.

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Ants
Ants are familiar to everyone. They are distributed everywhere, except for Antarctica and the Far North. About 10 thousand species of these insects are known. Their body sizes range from 8 to 30 mm. Coloration from light yellow to black. Most species have developed venom glands that secrete formic acid. Their communities are more complex than that of bees; families number up to 1 million individuals in an anthill. They also have their own pastures. They remove aphids and milk them. These insects feed on invertebrates, flower nectar, fungi, plant seeds, and aphids.

Presentation on the topic "INSECTS"

Done by the educator of MDOU nursery-kindergarten No. 180

Donetsk educator Dzherina Irina Borisovna

Insects

Insects live everywhere. In deserts and tropics, in taiga and Antarctica.

The main signs of an insect

six legs

Three parts of the body - head, chest, abdomen

Most insects have wings

Breast

Head

Abdomen

Insect nutrition

What don't insects eat? Butterflies - the nectar of flowers, cockroaches - bread, flies - meat, mosquitoes - blood.

Insects defend themselves

To escape from enemies, insects have developed defense mechanisms.

camouflage form

Frightening coloration

camouflage coloring

Use of poison

Dragonfly

A blue airplane landed on a yellow dandelion?

housewife

Flying over the lawn

Pat over a flower -

He will share the honey.

The bee carries nectar into the hive, from which it makes honey. And as a building material, it uses wax secreted by the glands on the abdomen, and propolis (bee glue), which insects extract from plant buds.

Domestic bees live in hives

Wild bees build nests in trees

Grasshopper

From a branch to a path, From a blade of grass to a blade of grass A spring jumps - A little green back.

They "sing" with their wings and all have "ears" on their front legs. All grasshoppers jump well, pushing off with their feet, descend slowly with the help of wings.

There is bustle and bustle in the forest near the stump: The working people are busy all day long.

Ants live everywhere, from city apartments to Antarctica. Ants are practically omnivores.

Glowworm

Not the sun, not fire, but it shines.

Like a tiger: mustachioed, striped, And the sting is sharper than a dagger. Buzzing, soared into the sky Lover of sweets - ...

Unlike bees, wasps do not store honey. Often wasps build nests in the ground.

P creeping around the corners

It interferes with sleep at night

Not eating for weeks

What is the name of the pest?

Cockroaches eat almost everything. Ordinary food, books, leather clothes, even houseplants. Amazingly hardy and durable. For a whole month, a cockroach can eat nothing.

water strider

Lives on the surface of the water in the summer, Under the bark, without fuss, spends the winter. The course of her long legs is a measure of the water surface. Who else could slide like that? Only…

Ekaterina Vanina
Presentation "Insects"

Lesson topic:"Insects".

Software content. Introduce children to the diverse world of insects. Learn to distinguish the characteristic features of insects. Develop curiosity. Raise the desire to preserve the diversity of the surrounding world.

Butterfly. There are many types of butterflies in nature: cabbage white, nettle, admiral, daytime peacock eye, etc. The color and shape of some make them almost invisible among plants. Others, on the contrary, have bright markings that scare off enemies. The flowers of many plants are especially attractive to butterflies due to their bright color and aroma. Adult butterflies feed on nectar, which they suck out of the flowers with their long proboscises. And some butterflies do not eat at all, as they live for a very short time. They use the energy of the food they ate when they were still caterpillars. The life span of adult butterflies is from several hours to 11 months.

Spider. Spiders are interesting garden dwellers. In order to catch insects, most spiders spin webs. Spiders correctly predict the weather. Folk signs: "If a long and viscous web - be good weather", "The web spreads over plants - to heat."

Ladybug. In the midst of spring, when many voracious green lovers appear in the world of insects, ladybugs come to the rescue. They were named so because in case of danger, droplets of a whitish-yellowish caustic liquid appear on the folds of the legs, resembling milk. Ladybug eats aphids - the worst enemy of plants. The red color of the cow's wings is a warning, the birds do not touch it.

Chafer. This beetle appears in May, which is why it got the name May. Like all beetles, the May beetle has wings covered from above with hard elytra. When preparing to fly, the beetle raises its elytra and begins to intensively breathe air through the respiratory tubes. Having “pumped up” with air, the beetle spreads its wings and, setting them in rapid motion, rises into the air. Rigid elytra during flight are motionless and raised high. May beetles usually fly in the evening, at dusk, with a strong buzzing and land mainly on deciduous trees, in which they eat leaves. The May beetle is a harmful insect for the human economy.

Ant. Ants see badly, they are helped by antennae, with which they feel everything that meets on the way. The vast majority of ants are predators. They feed their larvae with animal food, mainly insects. Ants love to eat birch or maple sap. Ants carry loads 10 times their own body weight.

Grasshopper. Grasshoppers are green and brown. They cleverly disguise themselves: green - in the green grass, brown - closer to the roadsides. All grasshoppers are similar to each other - they have long, strong legs, characteristic straight wings, the females have “swords” or sabers behind them - ovipositors, with the help of which they lay eggs in the ground, in plant stems or in leaves. All grasshoppers "sing" with the help of wings, have "ears" on their front legs, and jump well.

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