New generation medicine for acetone. Acetone in a child is a nightmare for parents

Few of the parents are not yet familiar or have not heard at all about such a concept as, or ketoacidosis, which implies a pathological condition of the body, mainly children, associated with a high content of acetone (ketone bodies) in the urine.

According to pediatricians, most often this pathology occurs in healthy children due to a temporary violation of metabolic processes. However, often high levels of acetone in the urine may also indicate the presence of severe chronic diseases (intestinal infection, liver damage, hormonal disruptions, etc.). And yet, despite the causes of acetonuria, it is important to understand that this condition is very dangerous and can turn into a threat to the life of a child in a fairly short period of time. A special diet and drug therapy effectively help to correct (normalize) the condition of the baby.

The main causes and symptoms of increased acetone in children

As a rule, a high concentration of acetone occurs as a result of a violation of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. If the body spends more energy than it receives glucose from outside, then first blood glucose, liver glycogen begins to be converted into energy, and then fats are broken down, from the molecules of which not only glucose is formed, but also ketone bodies. It is the high concentration of ketones, consisting of compounds such as acetone, acetoacetic and b-hydroxybutyric acids, in the body that produces the development of acetonemic syndrome.

A huge amount of energy the child's body spends when:

Excessive physical activity.
Prolonged crying and tantrums.
Infectious diseases of a different nature, accompanied by high fever.

The risk of increased acetone in a child increases significantly with:

unbalanced diet;
fasting;
overeating;
(violation of the drinking regime).

In addition, acetonuria can be the result of an individual intolerance to fatty foods or foods containing various flavors.

The obvious symptoms of increased acetone in the urine of a child include:

Naturally, when such signs appear, you should immediately seek help from a doctor who will diagnose and prescribe appropriate treatment, adjust the drinking regimen and diet of the child.

The drinking regimen of a child with elevated acetone

Almost any kidney disease needs to be “flushed” out of the body, and acetonemic syndrome is no exception. Therefore, the preparation and observance of the correct drinking regimen plays a very important role here.

According to most pediatricians, the best drink for a child with acetone are:

Dried fruit compotes, which perfectly help to increase the level of glucose;
Infusion- an excellent source of fructose, which is several times better absorbed than sugar, and at the same time gently and gradually increases blood glucose levels. How to prepare the infusion: a little more than a tablespoon of dried berries should be poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for 15-20 minutes;
alkaline drink, which will help neutralize the ketone bodies already accumulated in the body. They do a good job of:
- Alkaline mineral waters - "Borjomi", "Essentuki No. 4" (or No. 17), etc.
- Electrolyte solutions (for example, Regidron).

Important rules for drinking regimen with elevated acetone:

The proposed drink should only be in a warm form, since in this state the liquid is absorbed faster by the gastrointestinal tract;
The child should be given a small amount of liquid and often (recommended 10 ml every 10-15 minutes). This approach will not overload the kidneys and will not provoke the appearance of gag reflexes;
Compotes, teas, infusions should be sweet, but it should be borne in mind that The maximum amount of glucose received by a child per day is limited to 5 mg per kilogram of weight.

Diet with acetone in children: menu during the acute phase of the disease

As a rule, the first days of illness are very difficult for a child with recurring vomiting, diarrhea and deterioration in general well-being. During this period, the body is intensively trying to cleanse itself of toxins, this is an important stage on the road to recovery. It is quite natural for a child to completely refuse to eat. To maintain the child's body during this acute period, it is enough to provide the baby with plenty of fluids in accordance with the above recommendations.

On the first day after the vomiting stops and the temperature stabilizes, the child can be offered a few homemade crackers from white or gray bread.

The next day, you can already supplement the child’s menu with baked and decoction, for the preparation of which you should boil 100 g of white rice in three liters of water without salt and other spices.

Approximately on the fourth day after the end of the crisis period, a light vegetable soup is allowed to be included in the baby's diet. He, as in principle, and all food during this period should not contain heavy foods (like legumes and mushrooms) and fats that the digestive system is not yet able to cope with.

The transition to the usual way of life should be very gradual.: after four days, provided that the child's condition has returned to normal, the menu can be expanded, but only within the boundaries of a special diet with increased acetone.

Forbidden products with elevated acetone in children

When acetone appears in the urine, all high-calorie, fatty, difficult-to-digest foods should be excluded from the baby’s diet, including:

Meat and fish of fatty varieties.
Meat and fish broths.
Meat offal.
Smoked and canned food, including marinades and vegetable pickles.
Fatty dairy products.
Seafood in particular.
Mayonnaise and various spices.
Vegetables, mushrooms, tomatoes.
Sour fruits.
Legumes.
Semi-finished products and fast food.
Greens: parsley, spinach.
All sweet and rich pastries, including fresh bread.
Sweets.
Drinks: high concentration juices and carbonated drinks, decoction, coffee.

The listed products can not only complicate the course of the disease, but also adversely affect the general well-being and condition of the child.

Allowed foods and basic rules for the nutrition of a child with elevated acetone

When compiling a dietary menu for your child, one should take into account not only the basic postulates, but also his taste preferences. Do not force the baby to eat those foods that he refuses, so as not to cause new gag reflexes.

List of products that can be included in the diet menu:

Basic nutritional rules for acetone in the urine

The baby's nutrition should be fractional: meals every two to three hours, while the portions of food should be small;
diet food can be steamed, boiled, baked or stewed;
it is better to offer meat and fish to a child in the form of meatballs, meatballs or soufflé;
dinner should be as light as possible and no later than 6-7 pm. Immediately before going to bed, a glass of skimmed fermented milk product is allowed;
high-fiber vegetables are an essential part of every meal.

Options for a children's menu with acetone in the urine

Menu option number 1

Breakfast- liquid oatmeal with a handful of a mixture of nuts and dried fruits, fruit tea.
Lunch- a baked apple and a glass of low-fat.
Dinner- stewed vegetables, veal meatballs, dried fruit compote.
afternoon tea- boiled, cucumber.
Dinner – cauliflower soup.

Menu option number 2

Breakfast- rice porridge with milk, tea with croutons.
Lunch- two.
Dinner- vegetable soup, boiled, raisin infusion.
afternoon tea- fruit jelly
Dinner- steamed fish cakes, boiled buckwheat porridge, a glass of compote.

Menu option number 3

Breakfast- a boiled egg, a salad of baked beets, grated, with the addition of raisins, green tea with biscuits.
Lunch- fat-free cottage cheese with berries.
Dinner- soufflé from, boiled potatoes, cabbage and greens salad, fruit jelly.
afternoon tea- a glass of kefir, a sweet apple.
Dinner- pumpkin puree soup with croutons, compote.

Menu option number 4

Breakfast- corn porridge with milk, a couple of baked apples, compote.
Lunch- fruit salad with yogurt.
Dinner- vegetable soup with the addition of pearl barley, chicken meatballs, tea, 2 pcs. marshmallow
afternoon tea- semolina porridge with a spoonful of jam.
Dinner- lettuce "Venigret", a glass of curdled milk.

Menu option number 5

Breakfast- buckwheat porridge, boiled egg, cabbage and cucumber salad, tea with croutons.
Lunch- berry jelly
Dinner- stewed cabbage, mashed potatoes, rabbit soufflé, compote.
afternoon tea- cottage cheese balls with berry syrup.
Dinner- baked fillet with steamed vegetables, compote.

By adhering to this diet and simple rules for eating and drinking, you will help your baby get rid of high acetone faster, as well as prevent the possible development of many ailments of the gastrointestinal tract.

Tokareva Larisa, pediatrician

Symptoms of malaise often indicate acetone in a child. What to do if an attack begins, and how to prevent it in the future?

Many mothers are familiar with the situation when a child smells of acetone from the mouth. He suddenly begins to feel very sick, the smell of urine becomes sharp. These are vivid symptoms of acetonemic syndrome, which is experienced by 4-6% of children aged from one to 13 years. Where does acetone come from in a child, and what should I do?

Reasons for the appearance of acetone in a child

How to determine the presence of acetone?

If you suspect that the child has, you can check the presence of acetone in the urine at home.

To do this, buy special test strips at the pharmacy.
Dip the strip in the baby's urine for a few seconds and get the result in a few minutes.
Compare the color of the strip with the color chart on the test package.
If the test showed the presence of acetone +/- (0.5 mmol / l) or + (1.5 mmol / l), then the child's condition is characterized as mild. It can be treated at home.
If the test result is ++ (4 mmol / l) - this indicates that the child's condition is of moderate severity. With an indicator +++ (10 mmol / l), we are talking about a serious condition. In this case, the child needs urgent hospitalization.

What to do if the child has acetone?

If the child has become lethargic and complains of feeling unwell, abdominal pain - these may be symptoms of acetone in the urine. In this case, vomiting will soon begin.

To prevent an attack, let the child drink every 10-15 minutes in small portions. It can be tea with lemon, alkaline mineral water without gas. You can give the child sorbents and make an enema from a soda solution and cool water. An enema is made based on 0.5 liters of water 2 teaspoons of soda.

Call the child's doctor. The doctor may prescribe drugs to maintain the work of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, an antiemetic.
With severe vomiting, try to give the child a drink to remove acetone. Since an excess of acetone irritates the vomiting center, the child is not always able to drink. In this case, an injection of an antiemetic is given, and then water is given. Or liquids are administered intravenously through a drip.
The child cannot be fed. Monitor your acetone level with test strips.
With proper treatment, the child's condition should improve, and the symptoms will disappear in 2-5 days. Be prepared for the fact that the child may be admitted to the hospital, especially if his health worsens.
If on the first day of illness by the evening the child began to feel better, and continues treatment at home, then the most important condition is diet.

Diet with acetone in children

On the first day, the child needs to drink plenty of water, which should be received in small portions.
On the second day, if there is no vomiting, try to give him some crackers, rice water.
As the condition improves, vegetable soup, soup with meatballs, rice porridge, meatballs, fish, turkey and rabbit meat, fresh vegetables and fruits can be introduced into the diet.

Completely exclude cocoa, chocolate, sweet pastries, soda from the children's diet. In order not to overload the child's digestive system, steam food for him.

The child should be on such a strict diet for another week after the symptoms of acetone have passed.

To reduce the likelihood of attacks in the future, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules of prevention. No need to overload your child with fatty foods, try to protect him from soda and fast food. Make sure that there are no long breaks between meals.

It is important that the baby gets enough sleep, spends as much time as possible in the fresh air, and is vaccinated. Carry out hardening procedures with him. This will strengthen the children's body and reduce the likelihood of complications of infectious diseases with the symptoms of acetone.

Your child refuses to eat, asks for hands more often than usual and weakens right before your eyes. If you notice something like this, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible, because this leads to dehydration of the whole body! This condition is dangerous, first of all, because it can lead to the onset of acetonemic syndrome. And this condition is much more serious. This is how it happened to me.

We went with my daughter (she is 1 year and 2 months old) to the village to her grandmother to relax, gain strength and breathe fresh air. But this summer turned out to be so hot that the usual relaxing holiday did not work out. One of the nights the child began to vomit, which was repeated in the morning. The body temperature was not elevated. The daughter refused to eat, asked only for breasts, after which she vomited again. I was frightened in earnest, all the symptoms pointed to food poisoning.

Having calmed down a little, I began to treat the child at home, without calling an ambulance. I brewed chamomile tea (1 tsp of chamomile flowers in a glass of boiling water), and gave my daughter small sips to drink, but often. The child, as they say, "melted before our eyes", weakness, drowsiness, lethargy appeared. I called the pediatrician, explained the whole situation, she advised giving the child a sorbent. I bathed in the pharmacy "Elektrolyt" TM "HUMANA", gave water to the child during the day, did not give food, vomiting disappeared, but diarrhea began. Again a call to the padiatrician, advises "Smektu" and "Creon 10000". The child refuses to swallow medicines, he spits everything out. I see that my daughter's condition is deteriorating, so I decide to return home to the city to continue treatment there.

One moment: it is very hot in the village and there is no air conditioner in the house, and the current sun hits children's immunity very hard. And the water from the well worsened our condition. As I later found out, from such a strong heat in the water, bacteria woke up, to which our body, and even more so in children, has no immunity. At home, in the city, we drink bottled water and boil it.

At home, I immediately found on the Internet on forums various information about vomiting and diarrhea in a child and possible causes. I bought test strips at the pharmacy for the determination of acetone in the urine. The test showed +, I started to solder my daughter, wash out the acetone from the urine. She gave dried fruit compote, "Elektrolyt" TM "HUMANA", raisin water. I gave it a little bit with a 2-cc syringe, about 1 tsp each, so that the liquid enters the body in small sips, so as not to induce vomiting. And I kept testing. The most difficult thing was at night, I did not sleep, all the time I gave liquid in a sip and did not give breasts. In such a situation, it is very important not to give breast milk, it is difficult for an unhealthy baby's stomach and the baby will vomit everything at once. If vomiting does not stop, you can give the child a cleansing enema (2 teaspoons of soda per 200 g of cool water).

The next morning it got better, the test showed the remains of acetone in the urine, and by lunchtime the result was already negative, but I did not stop giving the child water, because the body was severely dehydrated, I only removed Elektrolyt, left compote, tea and water.

I'm not afraid to repeat: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO GIVE LOTS OF LIQUID AND SMALL PORTIONS, IT IS BETTER TO REFUSE FROM FOOD SO far, as soon as the child gets better, he will ask to eat.

What is the reason for the appearance of acetone in the urine of a child?

The appearance of an acetone crisis has a completely logical explanation. The human body receives energy mainly from glucose, which accumulates in the liver in the form of a special substance - glycogen. Its reserves in children are insignificant. With physical exertion, emotional stress, malnutrition (too fatty foods), a large number of ketone bodies (acetone and acetone acetic acid) begin to be produced in the baby's blood, which block the production of glucose. Glycogen stores are depleted. The body tries to get energy from fats. And here a complex biochemical process takes place: a fat molecule breaks down into three glucose molecules and one acetone molecule. Hence the smell from the mouth, which is a signal that the body has run out of glucose reserves.

If the result showed +++ or ++++, most likely it will be possible to solve the problem only with the help of glucose droppers. An ambulance is needed.

When the baby got better

Since it is the lack of glucose that is the root cause of the acetone crisis, it is necessary to replenish strategic reserves. This is what I did as soon as the baby got better!

Often offered the child sweet drinks - tea, dried fruit compote, raisin water. I tried to give the child a drink as often as possible to avoid dehydration. And one more important note: as little as possible to be with the child in the sun and in stuffy, unventilated places, because the sun and heat significantly reduce the child's immunity.

One of the main methods of treatment and prevention of acetonemic syndrome (a large number of ketone bodies) is a diet. It is aimed at restoring the body's metabolism.

Treatment and diet with acetone in children, Komarovsky E.O. thinks they should start at the same time. Treatment with drugs will not give the desired effect if the patient continues to use prohibited foods. This method, according to the doctor, will contribute to the recovery of the child.

Read also:

Attention. 40% glucose in ampoules is a good remedy for the first symptoms of acetone syndrome.

Recommended products for baby acetone

The table below will tell you which foods are allowed and which should be reduced or eliminated altogether.

Allow Products:

Marine fish and algae (green and brown).
Onion, lettuce, dill, white cabbage, radish. beets, zucchini, vegetable soups, potatoes, carrots, cucumbers.
Sweet pears and apples. Berries: apricots, grapes, peaches, cherries.
Turkey, rabbit, beef, (meat grown animals).
Milk, cheese, kefir, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk. All foods are low in fat.
Dried fruit compote, juices with pulp, fruit drinks from berries, green tea.
Kashi: oatmeal, buckwheat, corn, rice. Marmalade, crackers, biscuit cookies, caramel, marshmallow, jam.

Ban the following products:

Salmon and trout, crayfish (the exception is pike and pike). Fish broths and soups.
Tomatoes, mushrooms, parsley, mushroom soups, mayonnaise, adjika, ketchup, spinach, rhubarb, sweet peppers, green borscht, eggplant, sorrel, nuts.
All fruits that have a sour taste.
Soups on broths, meat of a young bird, sausages and sausage. As well as smoking, offal (brains, liver, heart, kidneys). Veal, marinades, broths (bone and meat), lard. Chicken and quail eggs.
Fatty yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, ice cream.
Black tea, rosehip broth, coffee, concentrate juices, carbonated drinks.
Chocolate, chips, puff pastry, muffin, cream confectionery.

Reduce consumption of the following foods:

Salted fish, caviar, herring, seafood, canned fish.
Legumes, radish, cauliflower, tomato soups.
Mandarin, kiwi, dates, bananas, figs.
Canned food.
Biscuit, pasta, cake.

By adhering to the correct list of products, a diet with acetone in children (Komarovsky) can turn not only into healthy, but also tasty.

Diet for acetone crisis (acute symptoms of acetone in the body)

Recall that the acetone crisis is expressed by the following symptoms: nausea, lethargy, abdominal pain (spasmodic), lack of appetite, weakness, acetone breath, headache. Despite the severity of the situation, the child should not remain hungry. The exception remains the moment of the presence of profuse vomiting:

Diet at the first sign of a crisis: potatoes on the water (mashed potatoes); sweet apples (baked); dry cookies (biscuit); porridges also cooked on water (oatmeal, corn, buckwheat).
In the absence of vomiting and an improvement in the well-being of the baby, you can diversify the menu with milk, boiled meat, vegetable soups, kefir.
After 3 weeks, you can transfer the patient to a normal diet, excluding fried, fatty, smoked and spicy. Boiled and steamed food is the best way to restore the body.
Drinking mode. Drinking enough water should be followed throughout the illness and recovery. For dehydration (liquid restoration), the following means are used: gastrolith, rehydron, oralit, human-electrolyte. As well as still water (mineral, alkaline) and dried fruit compote.

Read also:

Attention. For rapid absorption into the blood of any liquid consumed, its temperature must correspond to the temperature of the body of the child.

Following the recommendations (diet with acetone in children), Komarovsky E.O. strongly recommends using fructose instead of sugar. The mechanism of its effect on the body is much softer. Its gradual increase in the blood will not cause a sharp jump and a sudden decline.

Attention. All actions in relation to the child during treatment and diet for acetonic syndrome should be agreed with the attending pediatrician.

Useful tips after acetonemia from Dr. Komarovsky E.O.:

freshly prepared, healthy food for children 3-4 meals a day;
compliance with the diet;
sweet sparkling water remains banned;
limit fatty foods and confectionery;
mineral water - pharmacy, juices without preservatives - in glass;
don't overeat.

Preventive measures in nutrition - a guarantee of the absence of recurrence of symptoms of the disease.

Diet with acetone in children Komarovsky (menu)

Method for quick preparation of porridge on water.

Clean the grits of excess debris and rinse with warm water. Pour water (1/2) into a saucepan and bring to a boil. Salt the water to taste and add the cooked cereal. Let the boiling field boil well for 3-5 minutes. After, screw the gas to a minimum and close the lid tightly. After 7 minutes, without opening the lid, turn off the gas and leave on the stove (15 minutes). The porridge is ready.

Baked apples with raisins.

Wash apples of sweet varieties (Gloucester, Golden, McIntosh) well. Carefully cut out the middle with a knife and put some raisins and honey there. Place apples on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Place in preheated oven for 15-20 minutes. Apples can be baked in the microwave.