What are the suffixes in Russian? Suffix "tel": examples of words with the suffix "tel" and the ending -i. Word with the suffix "tel" and zero ending

Pioneers, builders, sculptors,

Prospectors, fuses, searchers, rescuers,

Healers, feeders, warriors, teachers

And law enforcement officers - we are all earthly inhabitants

And community servants.

It is not enough for a person to be just a person, he definitely needs to do some business, to be someone by profession. There are a lot of words in the language with the meaning "a person by profession or occupation." This meaning is expressed by various suffixes, one of them is "tel".

With the value of a person by profession

The names of people's professions are usually formed from verbs that denote what the person who earns money does. -t (sya) is separated from, the generating stem remains, the suffix -tel is attached to it. Examples:

drive - driver;
educate - educator;
sculpt - sculptor;
inquire - interrogator;
test - tester;
oversee - overseer;
build - builder;
save - rescuer;
follow - investigator;
teach - teacher;
write - writer;
teach - teacher;

tame - tamer.

With the meaning of the person who performed a certain action

It is more convenient to form these words from the past tense verb, since they denote a person who has done something in the past. At the same time, the past tense suffix is not included in the generating stem. Here you can see such words with the suffix -tel-:

deer paper - paper scraper;
wished for the good - well-wisher;
owned - owner;
sighed - admirer;
revolted - revolter;
extorted - extortionist;
robbed - a robber;
donated - donor;
lived - a resident;
bequeathed - testator;
gave laws - the legislator;
conjured - caster;
looking for gold - a gold digger;
zril—viewer;
published - publisher;
invented - inventor;
researched - researcher;
healed - healer;
conquered - conqueror;
replaced - deputy;
declared - the applicant;
baptized - baptizer;
loved - amateur;
metal - thrower;
thought - thinker;
won - winner;
dissolve - solvent;
dilute - diluent;
gave birth - parent;
ruined - a destroyer;
leads by hand - leader;
dug - digger;
dwelt - inhabitant;
possessed - the owner;
accused - accuser;
landscaped - landscaper;
informed - informant;
freed - liberator;
founded - founder;
denigrated - denigrator;
poisoned - poisoner;
defiled - defiler;
designed - designer;
denied - negative;
set on fire - arsonist;
devoured - devourer;
conquered - conqueror;
bought - the buyer;
received - recipient;
used - user;
imitated - imitator;
violated the right - the offender;
visited - visitor;
kidnapped - kidnapper;
rules - ruler;
betrayed - traitor;
pursued - pursuer;
enlightened - enlightener;
work was given by the employer;
destroyed - destroyer;
advertising gave - advertiser;
the first discovered - the discoverer;
wished well - well-wisher;
puffed evil - spiteful critic;
performed - performer;
elected - voter;
uprooted - eradicator;
tempted - the tempter;
ruined - destroyer;
asked - petitioner;
served - a servant;
listened - listener;
created - the creator;
blasphemer - detractor;
kept - the keeper;

read - reader.

With the meaning of an object intended for a specific purpose

The suffix -tel- also forms words denoting inanimate objects. Such things are usually created by man and used by him for some purpose. These words come from a verb that has the meaning of the action for which the object is intended. The indefinite form of the verb without -t is used, the suffix -tel is attached to it. Examples:

With the meaning of place

Words with the suffix -tel- can have a spatial meaning.

This may be the name of the place where children left without parental care are taken for further distribution to orphanages - a reception center.

There is a place where they can sober up - a sobering-up station.

It happens that you need to delimit some place into sectors, then draw a line, the name of which is the delimiter strip.

With the meaning of mathematical concepts

In mathematics, words with the suffix -tel- denote numbers with which mathematical operations are performed: division, multiplication, crushing.

divider;
factor;
denominator;
numerator.

Words with the suffix -tel- in the singular

Nouns with the suffix -tel- are masculine in the second declension, change in cases and numbers. Any word with the suffix -tel- and a zero ending is in the singular form of the nominative case, in the genitive and accusative cases it has the ending -ya, in the dative - u, in the instrumental - it, in the prepositional - e. For example, the word with the suffix changes like this -tel- and zero ending in the nominative case:

R. n. - caretaker;

d.p. - to the caretaker;

in. n. - caretaker;

tv. n. - caretaker;

etc. - about the caretaker;

Such forms have a word that has the suffix -tel- and in the initial form.

Words with the suffix -tel- in the plural

In the plural, words with the suffix -tel- and the ending -i are in the nominative case. Only one word can be an exception - teachers, teachers. It has two plural forms that need to be distinguished:

teachers - people who perform their professional duties of teaching children at school;
teachers are people standing at the primary sources of new directions and teachings.

Words that have the suffix -tel-, ending -i: teachers, dividers, switches.

In the genitive and these words have an ending - to her, in the dative - yam, in the creative - -yami, in the prepositional - -yah. For example:

R. n. - caretakers;

d.p. - caretakers;

in. n. - caretakers;

tv. n. - caretakers;

etc. - about caretakers.

This is how words with the suffix -tel and the ending -i change in the initial form.

Suffixes -teln-

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the suffix -tel- stands out only for nouns. If you have an adjective in front of you, then it has the morpheme -teln-. This suffix forms adjectives with meanings:

"capable of a certain activity", for example: able to observe - observant, able to try - old-fashioned, capable of performing - executive, capable of approving - approving, capable of refreshing - refreshing teln-th, capable of satisfying - satisfactory;
"having an objective meaning", for example: they desire it - desirable, they touch it - tangible;
"intended to perform an action", for example: intended for smoking - smoking, intended for swimming - swimming, intended for flying - flying;
"indicating a connection with some action", for example: where they will elect - selective, what can prepare - preparatory, where they can clean - cleansing .

Words in -tel

It is necessary to distinguish between words with the suffix -tel- and ending in -tel, in which:

suffix is not highlighted. Such words are usually foreign in origin: hotel, artel, tunic, motel, strap, dumbbell, cartel, pastel, bed, fortel, spatula, gimp, capital, spatula;
words in which the suffix -el stands out: snowstorm, abode.

Interpretation of some words in -tel:

artel - an association of people into a group for joint business;

gimp - a thin metal thread;

capital - the upper part of a column or pillar;

cartel - an association of industrial enterprises in order to control prices;

karotel - a round sweet carrot;

corncrake - quickly living in the grass;

mittel - font in typography, equal to 14 points;

monastery - a place where monks live;

fortel - an unexpected trick;

These words change in the same way as words that have the suffix -tel-, the ending is zero.

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-al- (-ate-), -en- (-yang-), -ast- (-at-), -ev- (-ov-, -[j]-), -evat- (-ovate-), -en-, -enn- (-he N-), -ensk- (-insk-), -willows- (-Liv-, -chiv-), -in-, -ist-, -it- (-ovit-), -to-, -l-, -n- (-sh-), -Teln-, -uch- (-yuch-, -cell-), -chat-.

1. Suffix - al- (-ate such as one becomes under the influence of action ( stale, tanned, outdated).

2. Suffix - en- (-yang-) forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. made of this or that material or related to something ( leather, clay, wood, earthen);

2. designed to place something ( wood, wardrobe);

3. working on what is called the original word ( wind, oil, peat).

3. Suffix - ast- (-at-) forms adjectives that name parts of the body of a person or animal, external qualities of a person, accessories of his appearance ( hairy, shaggy, lipped, bespectacled, horned, cheeky). Exception [?]: striped, married.

4. Suffix - ev (-ov), [-j-] forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. belonging of an object to a person or animal ( grandfathers, slesarev, wolf, dog);

2. made of something, referring to someone, something ( pear, garden).

5. Suffix - enn-, -he N- form adjectives with the meaning:

1. sign or property ( cranberry, oath, morning, traditional);

2. susceptibility to action, result of action or characterization by action ( slow, intensified, in love).

6. Suffix - ensk- (-insk-) forms adjectives denoting geographical names ( Cuban, Penza).

7. Suffix - willows 1) a constant property, quality, inclination towards something; 2) possessing some quality to a large extent ( lazy, deceitful, beautiful, playful).

8. Suffix - in- forms adjectives denoting people and animals: ( goose, uncle).

9. Suffix - ist- forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. similar to something ( silver, velvety);

2. possessing something in large quantities ( vociferous, branchy);

3. having a penchant for some action ( cocky, jerky, jerky).

10. Suffix - it- (-ovit-) forms adjectives with the meaning: possessing to a greater extent something ( eminent, venomous, angry).

11. Suffix - to- forms adjectives with the meaning: 1) prone to some action; 2) such that often does something; 3) or one with which something is often done ( brittle, sticky, sticky, malleable, tenacious).

12. Suffix - l- forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. being in a state that arose as a result of an action called by the original word ( rotten, skillful, tired);

2. possession of the attribute named in the original word ( light).

13. Suffix - Liv- forms adjectives denoting 1) state, action, property; 2) an inclination towards something; 3) or the possession of some quality ( silent, happy, noisy).

14. Compound suffix - l-n- forms: adjectives with the meaning of intended to perform an action ( knitting, maternity, drying).

15. Suffix - n (-sh) forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. a sign or property related to an object, phenomenon, action, place, time or number named by the original word ( spring, distant, yesterday, home, thousandth);

2. exposure to some action or the result of some action, which is called the original word (verbal adjectives torn, read, called, tattered).

16. Suffix - ovate- (-evat-) forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. somewhat reminiscent of someone or having some property of something ( manly, roguish, youthful);

2. shade of weakened (somewhat, slightly) quality ( bluish, whitish, sweetish).

17. Compound suffix - tel-n- forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. producing or capable of producing an action ( observant, satisfactory);

2. being the object of action or capable of becoming one ( desirable, desirable);

3. designed to perform an action ( swimming, flying);

4. indicating a certain connection with the action ( selective. preparatory).

18. Suffix - uch- (-yuch-, -cell-) forms adjectives with the meaning: prone to some action ( melodious, smelly, hanging).

19. Suffix - chat- forms adjectives with the meaning:

1. possessing something, having something in large quantities or to a large extent ( patterned, log, knobby);

2. filling with some quality, property what is indicated by the original word ( smoky, fistulous, bulbous).

20. Suffix - chiv- forms adjectives with the meaning: capable, inclined to do something, to show some property ( resourceful, accommodating, persistent).

The source of enrichment of our speech is the continuous process of word formation. In Russian, it occurs in several ways. One of the most common is suffixal: a small particle - a suffix, joining the root, gives rise to a word with a different semantic or emotional connotation. In some words, notes of affection, tenderness are introduced, in others - neglect and criticism. The sound of joyful motives is replaced by bitter irony. The ability to modify and transform words makes the suffix their significant part.

There are derivational and formative suffixes that are responsible for the grammatical form. The first category is the most numerous and widespread. The derivational suffix -ost, for example, can turn one part of speech into another.

The meaning and functions of the suffix awn

The suffix -ost in Russian word formation has been known since ancient times. Its activity is shown in our days, when the process of vocabulary replenishment is gaining momentum. This word-forming suffix was and remains the most productive. There are more than four thousand words ending in it.

Semantic shades mainly refer to such semantic groups as:

From the examples given, it can be seen that words with this suffix do not have an ending, and nouns are derived from adjectives with the same stem and always belong to the feminine gender of the 3rd declension.

Often words with the suffix -ost form pairs of antonyms:

The zero ending in nouns with -ost in some cases makes it difficult to distinguish between words. Nouns such as: awn, cane, dirty trick, volost, honeysuckle, fortress (only in the meaning of a structure!) - do not have a suffix in their composition, and the particle of the same name is a separate morpheme that belongs to the base of the word. This also includes the "guest" - a masculine noun, 2 declensions.

Rules for writing and declension

The suffix awn refers to constants. He is always in a weak unstressed position, therefore, it easily forms nouns from derived adjectives with a fixed accent based on:

This feature suggests the rule of its spelling: regardless of the pronunciation [Ast], in all derived nouns, the letter “O” should be written:

We hear: "tricky" - we write "tricky"

When declension of feminine nouns to -ost, changes occur only at the visual level. "b" disappears in spelling, while the sound [Ast] also remains unchanged: